EP4453140A1 - Verfahren zur umsetzung von dimethylether oder methanol zu aromatenarmen kohlenwasserstoffen mittels eines palladium-beladenen zeolith-katalysators - Google Patents
Verfahren zur umsetzung von dimethylether oder methanol zu aromatenarmen kohlenwasserstoffen mittels eines palladium-beladenen zeolith-katalysatorsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4453140A1 EP4453140A1 EP22822313.7A EP22822313A EP4453140A1 EP 4453140 A1 EP4453140 A1 EP 4453140A1 EP 22822313 A EP22822313 A EP 22822313A EP 4453140 A1 EP4453140 A1 EP 4453140A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dme
- catalyst
- product
- methanol
- hydrocarbons
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 46
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 21
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 palladium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000769 gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017090 AlO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000540 fraction c Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001165 gas chromatography-thermal conductivity detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007210 heterogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- YUWFEBAXEOLKSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1C YUWFEBAXEOLKSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003541 multi-stage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- BEZDDPMMPIDMGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1C BEZDDPMMPIDMGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000036619 pore blockages Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
- C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G3/48—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support
- C10G3/49—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support containing crystalline aluminosilicates, e.g. molecular sieves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/74—Noble metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/74—Noble metals
- B01J29/7461—MRE-type, e.g. ZSM-48
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/009—Preparation by separation, e.g. by filtration, decantation, screening
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
- B01J37/18—Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups C07C2529/08 - C07C2529/65
- C07C2529/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups C07C2529/08 - C07C2529/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- C07C2529/74—Noble metals
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for converting dimethyl ether (DME) or methanol to hydrocarbons low in aromatics using a palladium-loaded zeolite catalyst.
- Liquid hydrocarbon fuels play an important role in the global energy supply chain due to their high energy density and ease of transport.
- the conversion of methanol or DME in so-called methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) or DME-to-gasoline (DTG) processes enables the production of high-quality synthetic fuels and represents a key step in the production of synthetic gasoline fossil as well as renewable raw materials (U. Olsbye et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 5810 – 5831).
- zeolites are three-dimensional networks, which usually consist of SiO 4 and AlO 4 tetrahedra connected via oxygen bridges, in which, in addition to water, there are freely mobile alkali cations for charge equalization.
- the general molecular formula for zeolites is: M n+ x/n [(AlO 2 ) ⁇ x (SiO 2 ) y ] . z H 2 O.
- the factor n is the charge of the cation M and is mostly 1 or 2.
- M is typically a cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
- the factor z indicates how many water molecules were absorbed by the crystal.
- the zeolite has a structure of uniform pores and/or channels in which Substances can be adsorbed. Depending on the pore size, one speaks of micro- or mesopores. Such materials have an extraordinarily large internal surface area, in some cases well over 1,000 m 2 ⁇ g -1 . By choosing the zeolite, the pore diameter can be controlled in such a way that only certain reactant molecules reach the catalytically active centers inside through the pores or only certain products can leave the zeolite again.
- the size of the inner cavity can be controlled in such a way that only certain transition states are possible and therefore only certain products can be formed (SM Csicsery, Pure & Appl. Chem. 1986, 58, 6, 841-856 ; B. Smit and TLM Maesen, Nature 2008, 7179, 671-678).
- Aluminum-containing zeolites have a negative framework charge due to the trivalent aluminum atoms, each of which can formally be assigned two divalent oxygen atoms. There are therefore cations on the inner and outer surface of aluminum-containing zeolites, which in water-containing zeolites are often present in dissolved form in the channel systems of the zeolites and are therefore relatively easily accessible and exchangeable.
- H zeolites The usual cations Na + , K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ can be exchanged for ammonium ions via ion exchange (formation of the ammonium form of the zeolite). If the free cations in the zeolites are exchanged for protons, solid acids are formed, the so-called H zeolites. The acidity of these H zeolites can be adjusted over a wide range by the degree of ion exchange or partial dealumination. Recently, it has also been possible to synthesize nanoscale zeolites, ie zeolite materials with particle diameters of less than 100 nanometers, which are characterized by significantly improved transport properties compared to conventional zeolites.
- zeolites are among the most important catalysts in the chemical industry due to their high shape selectivity, their adjustable acidic properties, their thermal stability and their ability to be regenerated. Either the zeolite itself acts as an acidic catalyst, or the metal particles introduced are the actual active centers. Metal-loaded zeolites can also be used as bifunctional catalysts for multi-stage reactions (W. Luo, Green Chem. 2019, 21, 3744-3768).
- methylation and oligomerization of light olefins result in higher olefins with five or more carbon atoms (C 5+ olefins), which can be converted via various reaction paths to acyclic saturated hydrocarbons with the general molecular formula C n H 2n+2 , cyclic saturated connect hydrocarbons and methylated aromatics.
- the shape-selective zeolite catalyst ZSM-5 limits the hydrocarbon synthesis reactions to a chain length of about eleven carbon atoms (S. Lee et al., Fuel Science & Technology International 1995, 13, 8, 1039-1057 ; CD Chang, Catalysis Reviews - Science and Engineering 1983, 25, 1, 1-118).
- the product mixture (containing gaseous, liquid and optionally solid components) is relatively rich in unsaturated hydrocarbons and aromatic components.
- the presence of aromatics in the product mixture of the MTG process has a positive effect on the knock resistance of the fuels to be produced due to the high octane numbers; the aroma
- they make a significant contribution to the formation of pollutants, especially soot particles, when the fuel is burned.
- a product mixture that is rich in aromatic components has to be processed for the production of alternative, low-emission fuels, which entails additional process steps such as hydrogenation and isomerization reactions. This not only affects the sustainability of the process, but also its efficiency and economy.
- a modified MTG process is therefore desirable, which enables the production of acyclic, branched hydrocarbons with a higher hydrogen content (molecular formulas C n H 2n+2 and C n H 2n ) and thus the disadvantages associated with the production of aromatic-rich ones Associated hydrocarbon mixtures, overcomes.
- Saturated products (C n H 2n+2 ) in the chain length range C 5 – C 11 can be used directly as synthetic gasoline.
- Unsaturated, acyclic products (C n H 2n ) offer a high degree of flexibility for further processing by oligomerization, isomerization, or hydrogenation, which are comparatively easy to carry out. can be led.
- a modified MTG process a wide range of end products could be generated, such as petrol, diesel or kerosene, adapted to the individual needs of the producer. Since the MTG reaction mainly occurs within the zeolite crystals, the product selectivity of the reaction is strongly dependent on the size and dimensionality of the zeolite channel system.
- medium-porous (10-ring) zeolites such as ZSM-5 with three-dimensional channels of 5.4 ⁇ 5.6 and 5.3 ⁇ 5.5 ⁇ , exhibit high selectivity to hydrocarbons containing five or more C Atoms (C 5+ hydrocarbons), the product mixture of the MTG reaction mainly containing aromatics and paraffins.
- the stability of the catalysts during the MTG process was determined via the methanol conversion capacity, which is defined as the total amount of methanol in grams converted to hydrocarbons per gram of catalyst load before complete deactivation of the catalyst.
- methanol conversion capacity is defined as the total amount of methanol in grams converted to hydrocarbons per gram of catalyst load before complete deactivation of the catalyst.
- the methanol conversion capacities at 400 °C were 15.8 g methanol ⁇ g catalyst -1 and at 450 °C 14.3 g methanol ⁇ g catalyst -1 .
- the ZSM-48 catalyst exhibited a product spectrum containing significant amounts of aromatics. This observation could be attributed to the wider channels of the ZSM-48 catalyst compared to the ZSM-22 and ZSM-2325.
- ZSM-48 which are similar to the known ZSM-5 catalyst, enabled the formation and diffusion of aromatic reaction products in the MTG process tested, despite the lack of channel crossings in ZSM-48.
- the selectivity to C 5+ hydrocarbons was higher for the ZSM-48 catalyst than for the ZSM-22 and ZSM-23 catalysts and was around 55-75% in the product spectrum.
- the selectivity to aromatics was 20-40% for ZSM-48; Within this aromatic fraction, relatively low crystallization temperatures were achieved using ZSM-48, penta- and hexamethylbenzene on a significant scale (S. Teketel et al., ACS Catal. 2012, 2, 26–37; J.
- the zeolite catalyst contains a first active material deposited on a surface and/or in the pores of the zeolite and made of at least one of the elements copper, zinc, iron, gallium, lanthanum, platinum and/or mixtures of that.
- the solid catalyst can also contain a second active material, where the second active material can be selected from the elements silver, copper, platinum, gallium, palladium and/or mixtures thereof.
- the mass fraction w i is defined as the value of the quotient of the mass mi of the considered mixture component i and the sum of the masses of all components (i included) of the mixture (standard DIN 1310: composition of mixed phases).
- the hydrocarbons produced here have a carbon number of 5 to 11 with a small proportion of olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons.
- the reduction The gas used here can be hydrogen or carbon monoxide, the metal-active components Cr, W, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Pt and Ga and the molecular sieve used can be a zeolite from the group H-ZSM-5, H-ZSM- 22, H-Beta or HY.
- CN106867564A specifies a range of 250 - 450 °C and a pressure of 0.1 - 3.0 MPa (1 - 30 bar) for the reaction temperature.
- the previously known MTG or DTG processes for producing low-aromatic hydrocarbons have the disadvantage that the zeolite catalysts used have relatively low reactant conversions, low space-time yields and low catalyst stability.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing low-aromatic hydrocarbons and a process for their preparation using a zeolite catalyst, with high reactant conversions and a high space-time yield being achieved and the catalyst used having high long-term stability should have.
- a further task is to propose a use of the aforementioned method.
- the above technical problem is solved with a method according to the first patent claim and with a use according to claim 16 .
- Subclaims related thereto reflect advantageous or preferred embodiments.
- the solution to the problem includes a palladium-loaded zeolite catalyst H-EU-2 with a *MRE framework structure and a process for converting DME or methanol to hydrocarbons low in aromatics in a stream of hydrogen using this catalyst.
- the solution to the problem also includes using the above-mentioned method to produce low-aromatic hydrocarbons as starting materials for the subsequent production of synthetic fuels, such as liquid gas, petrol, kerosene or diesel.
- the process according to the invention comprises the following steps, preferably in the order shown: A) loading a zeolite catalyst EU-2 in the ammonium form with palladium ions via capillary impregnation; B) drying and calcining the zeolite catalyst loaded with palladium ions from step A) to form the proton form of the zeolite catalyst; C) Fractionating the zeolite catalyst from step B) to give a catalyst powder (ie including granules) with a particle size of 100 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably between 200 and 300 ⁇ m; D) Mixing the zeolite catalyst, ie preferably said catalyst powder, from step C) with an inert material, preferably in a volume ratio of catalyst to inert material of 0.1-0.2; E)
- a preferred embodiment of the process relates in particular to the aforementioned condensation of the product gas mixture in step J) and the separation of the product phase which is liquid at room temperature into an aqueous phase and an organic phase containing the C 5+ hydrocarbons in step K). It then contains further partial steps from the following selection, in a combination preferably in the order shown: a) transfer of the product gas mixture from the fixed-bed reactor of step I) through a heated pipeline to at least one cold trap, b) cooling of the product gas mixture at the at least one Cold trap with liquid nitrogen, a product fraction containing low-aromatic C 5+ hydrocarbons being frozen to form a solid product fraction, c) collecting the solid product fraction in a collecting container of the cold trap, d) thawing the solid product fraction to form a liquid product fraction and subsequent removal of the liquid product fraction from the collecting tank of the cold trap of step c) and separation of the aqueous product phase from the organic product phase and e) an analysis of the organic product phase of step d) in an external gas
- the palladium ions are applied by capillary impregnation (incipient wetness impregnation), with a low palladium content being set with a mass fraction w of palladium of 0.01-1%, measured on the total mass of the catalyst.
- capillary impregnation incipient wetness impregnation
- an aqueous solution of a palladium salt as a precursor of hydrogenation-active palladium(0) is added to the zeolite catalyst EU-2, which has the same pore volume as the volume of the added solution. The solution is sucked into the pores by capillary action.
- the zeolite catalyst has a Si/Al molar ratio rSi/Alvon of, for example, 50-100 mol.mol -1 .
- the substance amount ratio r ij is defined as the value of the quotient of the substance amount ni of one considered mixture component i and the substance amount n j of the other considered mixture component j (standard DIN 1310: composition of mixed phases).
- the catalyst is dried and calcined in a next step B) in order to drive off the volatile components in the solution and to deposit the palladium salt on the catalyst surface.
- the EU-2 catalyst is converted from the ammonium form to the proton form H-EU-2 with the release of NH 3 .
- the zeolite catalyst is fractionated to a particle size of 100 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably to a particle size of 224 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the fractionated zeolite catalyst from step C) is converted into extrudates, pellets or other shaped bodies in the course of catalyst shaping (S. Devyatkov et al., Chimica Oggi - Chemistry Today 2015, 33, 6 , 57-64; R. Bingre et al., Catalysts 2018, 8, 163). This is preferably done before the mixing in step D).
- extrudates, pellets or other shaped bodies are easier to handle and dose, especially in an industrial production process, and are significantly more stable.
- the mixing of the zeolite catalyst with an inert material in step D) then takes place not with the catalyst powder but with the shaped catalyst.
- the zeolite catalyst from step C) is mixed with an inert material, the volume ratio of catalyst to inert material being 0.1-0.2.
- the volume ratio ⁇ ij is defined as the value of the quotient of the volume Vi of the one considered mixture component i and the volume V j of the other considered mixture component j (standard DIN 1310: composition of mixed phases).
- Suitable inert materials in the process according to the invention are preferably silicon carbide, quartz glass (sand or beads), ⁇ -aluminum oxide or other technical ceramics. In the process according to the invention, preference is given to using silicon carbide with a particle size of 10 to 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably with a particle size of 100 to 180 ⁇ m.
- step E) of the process according to the invention the mixture from step D) is introduced into a fixed-bed reactor and forms the reaction zone in the fixed-bed reactor (cf. FIG. 2).
- this reaction zone is controlled by a unit and flanked by an outlet zone made of the aforementioned inert material.
- the inert material serves to stabilize the catalyst (W. Reschetilowski, Introduction to Heterogeneous Catalysis, Springer Spectrum 2015). Since the conversion of DME or methanol to hydrocarbons low in aromatics is an exothermic reaction in the process according to the invention, the inert material ensures an almost isothermal temperature profile in the reaction zone.
- silicon carbide is preferably used as the inert material in the inlet and outlet zones.
- step F) of the process according to the invention the fixed bed reactor is heated to the reaction temperature and inert gas flows through it.
- the reaction temperature in the process according to the invention is 350-450.degree. C., preferably 380-400.degree. It has been shown in the process according to the invention that a reaction temperature of at least 380° C. is advantageous for the formation of relatively long-chain hydrocarbons with a high starting material conversion.
- the inert gas used is, for example, N 2 , He or Ar. In a specific embodiment, the inert gas is N 2 (see FIG. 1).
- step G) of the process according to the invention the zeolite catalyst loaded with palladium ions is reduced in a stream of hydrogen in the fixed-bed reactor, and a zeolite catalyst which contains hydrogenation-active palladium(0) is thus produced.
- step H) of the process according to the invention an inert gas is again passed through the fixed bed reactor and at the same time the reaction pressure is adjusted.
- the inert gas here is selected, for example, from N 2 , He or Ar; in a certain Embodiment is the inert gas N 2 .
- the reaction pressure in the process according to the invention is 1-50 bar, preferably 1-30 bar. It has been shown in the process according to the invention that a reaction pressure of 20-30 bar gives particularly high educt conversions (cf. FIG.
- an educt gas feed is introduced into the fixed-bed reactor.
- the educt gas feed includes hydrogen, an inert gas and DME or methanol.
- the proportion by volume of ⁇ DME or methanol in the educt gas feed is 1-10%, and the proportion by volume of ⁇ DME or methanol is preferably 5%.
- the proportion by volume of hydrogen in the educt gas feed ⁇ hydrogen in the process according to the invention is 1-50%, preferably 10-30%.
- the volume fraction ⁇ i is defined as the value of the quotient of the volume V i of a mixture component i under consideration and the total volume V 0 before the mixing process.
- the latter is the sum of the starting volumes of all mixture components (i included) of the mixture (standard DIN 1310: composition of mixed phases). It has been shown in the process according to the invention that in the educt gas feed a volume ratio ⁇ H2/DME or methanol of hydrogen to DME or methanol of 4 causes particularly high educt conversions and relatively high long-term stability of the catalyst (cf. FIG. 6).
- the reaction of DME or methanol takes place in the process according to the invention at a weight-based hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 0.1-20 g DME or methanol ⁇ g catalyst -1 ⁇ h -1 , preferably at one WHSV of 1 - 5 g DME or methanol ⁇ g catalyst -1 ⁇ h -1 .
- WHSV weight-based hourly space velocity
- step J) After the formation of the product gas mixture in step I) and before the condensation in step J), a transfer of the product gas mixture from the fixed-bed reactor through a heated pipeline to at least one cold trap in which the condensation takes place is preferably proposed.
- at least a partial flow of the product gas mixture (more preferably branching off from the heated pipeline) is diverted to an online gas chromatograph for continuous determination of the DME or methanol conversion and the composition of the product gas mixture - finally passed to the cold trap (either directly or via a return line into the heated pipeline).
- step J) of the process according to the invention the product gas mixture formed in the aforementioned step I) is condensed.
- step K) the product phase, which is liquid at room temperature, is then separated into an aqueous phase and an organic phase containing the C 5+ hydrocarbons.
- the product gas mixture is preferably transferred from the fixed-bed reactor for condensation, preferably in at least one cold trap through a heated pipeline to the at least one cold trap.
- the product gas mixture more preferably at least a partial flow of the product gas mixture, is diverted during the forwarding via a gas chromatograph switched online. With this optional complete or at least partial diversion of the product gas stream, the DME or methanol conversion and the composition of the product gas mixture are continuously determined in the online (ie in real time) connected gas chromatograph.
- the product gas mixture is cooled with liquid nitrogen in at least one cold trap, preferably also after the optional online gas chromatography analysis.
- the product fraction containing low-aromatic C 5+ -hydrocarbons
- the frozen product fraction is then thawed and removed as a liquid product from the collection container of the cold trap, and the organic product phase is separated from the aqueous phase in a phase separator.
- the organic product phase is then analyzed in an external gas chromatograph, for example in accordance with the specifications of the standards EN ISO 22854 or ASTM D6839 (cf. FIG. 1).
- the process according to the invention has the following advantages:
- the organic product mixture (petrol) in the chain length range C 5 - C 11 is petrol-like and is characterized by a comparatively low aromatics content ⁇ aromatics of a maximum of approx. 3%. Analyzes of the paraffins and olefins obtained in this way reveal a comparatively high degree of molecular branching. This indicates good fuel suitability of the organic product phase (see Tables 1 and 2).
- the process according to the invention has high catalyst activity, high conversions, high space-time yields and a massive increase in catalyst stability and life.
- the H-EU-2 catalyst loaded with palladium shows great long-term stability even at high temperatures.
- the long-term stability enables high conversions and high selectivities over periods of a few days up to a few weeks (cf. FIGS. 3 and 6).
- the loading of the zeolite with palladium leads to a very high stability of the catalyst against sintering, so that comparatively high reaction temperatures of around 400° C. can also be selected. This brings with it a high catalyst activity and a high DME/methanol conversion itself.
- the addition of hydrogen not only has a favorable effect on the range of products in the process according to the invention, but also increases the long-term stability of the catalyst system compared to the prior art.
- the one-dimensional pore system of the EU-2 zeolite should favor rapid catalyst deactivation in the DTG/MTG reaction due to the blocking of the pore channels by large molecules, such as methylated aromatics.
- the product mixture contains small amounts of methylated aromatics and higher hydrocarbons, rapid catalyst deactivation is not observed in the process of the invention.
- the use of the hydrogenation catalyst Pd(0) in combination with hydrogen should suppress the build-up of longer hydrocarbon chains in the process according to the invention and increase the formation of low molecular weight hydrocarbons such as methane, ethylene or ethane. These are undesired by-products of the DTG/MTG reaction and are only formed to a minor extent according to the invention.
- the method according to the invention can be used for the production of synthetic fuels, such as liquid gas, petrol, kerosene or diesel. Applications as a solvent and in the production of chemicals are also possible.
- synthetic fuels such as liquid gas, petrol, kerosene or diesel.
- Applications as a solvent and in the production of chemicals are also possible.
- the invention is explained in more detail using the following figures, exemplary embodiments and descriptions. All of the features shown and their combinations are not just limited to these figures and exemplary embodiments and their configurations. Rather, these should be viewed as being combinable as representative of other possible configurations that are not explicitly shown as exemplary embodiments.
- 1 shows a flow diagram of a reactor plant.
- the reactor plant includes the areas of dosing educt and inert gases 1 - 5, the flows of which are adjusted with the aid of appropriate mass flow controllers 6. This is followed by the fixed bed reactor 7 which is coupled to a pressure control valve 8 .
- FIG. 2 shows the schematic structure of the fixed-bed reactor 7 from FIG. 1 with an inlet 13 for the educt gas feed and an outlet 14 for the reaction products.
- the catalyst powder was fractionated to a particle size dp in the range from 224 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the reaction zone 16 was flanked by an inlet and an outlet zone 17 made of inert SiC, which were fixed in the reaction tube by inert glass wool 18 .
- the reactor was tempered by three heating blocks.
- thermocouples were installed in each heating block to control and monitor the temperature.
- the axial temperature profile in the reaction zone 16 could be recorded by means of a thermocouple movable within a guide sleeve 15 in the tubular reactor.
- 3 shows the DME conversion capacity of the catalyst prepared according to Example 1 as a function of the DME conversion.
- 4 shows the product selectivity for hydrocarbons with different chain lengths of the catalyst prepared according to Example 1 as a function of the DME conversion.
- the analysis was carried out in accordance with the specifications of the EN ISO 22854 and ASTM D6839 standards.
- 6 shows the DME conversion capacity of the catalyst prepared according to Example 2 as a function of the DME conversion.
- FIG. 7 shows the product selectivity for hydrocarbons with different chain lengths of the catalyst prepared according to Example 2 as a function of the DME conversion.
- the analysis was carried out in accordance with the specifications of the EN ISO 22854 and ASTM D6839 standards.
- Example 1 Catalyst preparation Reference material: Zeolite EU-2 of the structure type *MRE was used as the starting material for the investigations.
- the dry powder was then heated in a calcining furnace at a heating rate of 2 K ⁇ min -1 to a temperature of 550 °C and calcined at this temperature for 6 h.
- the NH 4 form of the zeolite powder was converted into the proton form (H form, H zeolite).
- the zeolite catalyst H-EU-2 serves as a reference material to demonstrate the advantages of a metal-loaded catalyst in a process for converting DME or methanol to low-aromatic hydrocarbons in a stream of hydrogen using this catalyst.
- Example 2 Catalyst Preparation of Metal-Loaded Zeolite Zeolite EU-2 of the structure type *MRE with the same material properties as in example 1 was used to produce metal-loaded zeolite catalysts. After 3 ion exchange cycles (1M NH 4 NO 3 wash solution at 75° C. for 2 h each time), the powder in the ammonium form was dried overnight in a vacuum drying cabinet at 80° C. and 10 mbar. Palladium was then loaded by incipient wetness impregnation. The EU-2 powder was impregnated dropwise with a solution of Pd(NO 3 ) 2 (NH 3 ) 4 xH 2 O in deionized water. The resulting paste was then dried in a drying oven at 40°C overnight.
- the dry powder was then heated in a calcining furnace at a heating rate of 2 K ⁇ min -1 to a temperature of 550 °C and at this temperature for 6 h temperature calcined.
- the NH 4 form of the zeolite was converted into the proton form (H form, H zeolite).
- Example 3 Conversion of DME The catalyst powder was fractionated to a particle size dp in the range from 224 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the reaction zone 16 was flanked by an inlet zone and an outlet zone 17 made of inert SiC, which were fixed in the reaction tube by inert glass wool 18 .
- the structure of the fixed-bed reactor is shown schematically in FIG.
- the reactor was heated by a heating jacket consisting of three aluminum blocks, each with four precisely fitted heating cartridges. During the heating process, 80 ml n ⁇ min -1 N 2 flowed through the reactor.
- the heating blocks were thermally insulated by a vermiculite jacket. This minimized heat loss to the outside and ensured even heat distribution in the reactor with high operational reliability.
- Two thermocouples were installed in each heating block to control and monitor the temperature.
- the axial temperature profile in the reaction zone 16 could be recorded by means of a thermocouple movable within a guide sleeve 15 in the tubular reactor.
- the sample was reduced in the case of the metal-loaded zeolite catalyst (Pd/H-EU-2).
- the reactor was heated for 5 h at 80 ml n ⁇ min -1 H 2 flows through.
- this step was omitted.
- 80 ml n ⁇ min -1 N 2 flowed through the reactor, while the reaction pressure was adjusted by a manual inlet pressure control valve (1.5-30 bar).
- the DME conversion X DME of the samples was determined by the ratio of the reacted DME quantity (difference between the incoming DME material flow ⁇ DME,in and the exiting DME material flow ⁇ DME,out ) to the DME entry flow according to equation (I ) calculated.
- the conversion capacity of a catalyst describes the cumulatively converted mass of an educt in relation to the mass of the catalyst mKat as a function of the process runtime (time-on-stream, TOS).
- TOS time-on-stream
- Equation (IV) The Si,DME selectivity of the hydrocarbon products was thus given by Equation (IV).
- a cold trap for the condensation or freezing of these components is attached after the online gas chromatography analysis. After the end of the test, the liquid organic condensate in the cold trap was analyzed in a Reformulyzer M4 (from PAC).
- FIG. 1 A flow diagram of the test facility for the reaction engineering investigation of the conversion of DME over metal-loaded H-EU-2 catalysts is shown in FIG.
- Example 4 the catalytic performance of an H-EU-2 catalyst which had been prepared by the preparation method presented in example 1 was tested.
- the DME conversion capacity of the catalyst is plotted against the DME conversion X DME in FIG.
- the conversion capacity of the H-EU-2 catalyst serves as a reference for ranking the benefits in terms of activity and long-term stability of a metal-loaded catalyst in a process for the conversion of DME or methanol to aromatic-poor hydrocarbons in a hydrogen stream using feedstock same.
- Fig. 4 shows the selectivity with respect to the chain length of the resulting hydrocarbons (C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 and C 5+ ) above the DME conversion XDME, which was determined using the online gas chromatograph. Hydrocarbons in the C 5+ chain length range were the desired product components. The proportion of the C 5+ product fraction was in the range of 45 - 85% over the entire duration of the test.
- Example 7 the catalytic performance of a Pd/H-EU-2 catalyst which had been prepared by the preparation method presented in example 2 was tested.
- the DME conversion capacity of the Pd/H-EU-2 catalyst is plotted against the DME sales XDME in FIG.
- the conversion capacity of the Pd/H-EU-2 catalyst increases more than fivefold in a process for converting DME or methanol to low-aromatic hydrocarbons in a hydrogen stream compared to the reference system in Example 4. This implies a significantly increased activity as well Stability of the catalyst.
- the proportion of the product fraction C 5+ was in the range of 35 - 80% during the entire duration of the test.
- the excellent selectivity to product group C 5+ of the reference sample from Example 5 is reduced by the special embodiment of a Pd/H-EU-2 catalyst in a process for converting DME or methanol to hydrocarbons low in aromatics in one Hydrogen flow only slightly.
- Example 9 In example 9, the composition of the liquid product phase of the catalytic conversion of DME on a Pd/H-EU-2 catalyst prepared according to example 2 was determined.
- the analysis was carried out in accordance with the specifications of the standards EN ISO 22854 and ASTM D6839; the volume fractions of the products are shown graphically as a function of the C number in Fig. 8 and listed numerically in Table 2. Analogously to the reference sample from Example 6, a high proportion of olefins was found for all chain lengths. Likewise, branched isomers clearly predominate.
- the analysis was carried out according to the specifications of the standards EN ISO 22854 and ASTM D6839 and showed a very low volume fraction of aromatics of 2.6% and a high volume fraction of olefins of 77%.
- the volume ratio of branched olefins to linear olefins was high and was 4.1.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021133788.7A DE102021133788A1 (de) | 2021-12-20 | 2021-12-20 | Verfahren zur Umsetzung von Dimethylether oder Methanol zu aromatenarmen Kohlenwasserstoffen mittels eines Palladium- beladenen Zeolith-Katalysators |
| PCT/EP2022/082930 WO2023117271A1 (de) | 2021-12-20 | 2022-11-23 | Verfahren zur umsetzung von dimethylether oder methanol zu aromatenarmen kohlenwasserstoffen mittels eines palladium-beladenen zeolith-katalysators |
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| EP4453140A1 true EP4453140A1 (de) | 2024-10-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP22822313.7A Pending EP4453140A1 (de) | 2021-12-20 | 2022-11-23 | Verfahren zur umsetzung von dimethylether oder methanol zu aromatenarmen kohlenwasserstoffen mittels eines palladium-beladenen zeolith-katalysators |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250059111A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4453140A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021133788A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023117271A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NZ197291A (en) * | 1980-06-12 | 1984-10-19 | Ici Ltd | Zeolite eu-2,useful in catalytic processes,especially convversion of methanol to hydrocarbons |
| FR2805762B1 (fr) * | 2000-03-02 | 2004-01-16 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Catalyseur a base de zeolithe zsm-48 et procede pour l'amelioration du point d'ecoulement de charges paraffiniques |
| US9714387B2 (en) | 2014-06-05 | 2017-07-25 | Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc | Catalysts and methods for converting carbonaceous materials to fuels |
| CN106867564A (zh) | 2015-12-13 | 2017-06-20 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种甲醇和/或二甲醚制富含异构烷烃汽油的方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-12-20 DE DE102021133788.7A patent/DE102021133788A1/de active Pending
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2022
- 2022-11-23 US US18/721,201 patent/US20250059111A1/en active Pending
- 2022-11-23 WO PCT/EP2022/082930 patent/WO2023117271A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-23 EP EP22822313.7A patent/EP4453140A1/de active Pending
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| US20250059111A1 (en) | 2025-02-20 |
| WO2023117271A1 (de) | 2023-06-29 |
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