EP4449600A1 - Verfahren zum bereitstellen von sinusförmigen phasenströmen mit ansteuerung und ladung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum bereitstellen von sinusförmigen phasenströmen mit ansteuerung und ladungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4449600A1 EP4449600A1 EP22835031.0A EP22835031A EP4449600A1 EP 4449600 A1 EP4449600 A1 EP 4449600A1 EP 22835031 A EP22835031 A EP 22835031A EP 4449600 A1 EP4449600 A1 EP 4449600A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- time
- switching transistor
- capacitor
- point
- current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4216—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input operating from a three-phase input voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4233—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a bridge converter comprising active switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0096—Means for increasing hold-up time, i.e. the duration of time that a converter's output will remain within regulated limits following a loss of input power
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for modulating or clocking phase voltages of a network circuit from a three-phase supply network. Regardless of the load, the method ensures that phase currents at the input of a rectifier are essentially sinusoidal.
- EP 3 068 024 A1 discloses a three-phase pulse rectifier system with comparatively low blocking voltage stress on the turn-off power semiconductors and high power density, as well as low system perturbations.
- Such a three-phase three-level pulse rectifier also referred to as a so-called Vienna rectifier, is known to have a significantly lower harmonic content on the AC side than conventional six-pulse bridge circuits used to rectify three-phase current.
- the Vienna rectifier is a circuit that requires a large number of components, which makes it very expensive and also requires a very complex control.
- the lossy components also have a negative effect on the efficiency of the Vienna rectifier.
- Fig. 1 shows a known network circuit of a three-phase DCM boost converter or a step-up converter according to the prior art.
- the input Mains voltages applied to phases LI, L2, L3 are rectified and increased to a value greater than a mains voltage value.
- This circuit There are numerous variations of this circuit, all of which have a similar architecture.
- a depth of the saddle K is dependent on a voltage difference between phase voltages u1, u2, u3 on the input side and intermediate circuit DC voltage UZK on the output side.
- the higher the intermediate circuit DC voltage UZK on the output side or the smaller the load at the output the smaller the dip in the area of the sine peaks K.
- the phase currents iNL2, iNL3 are dependent on a voltage difference between phase voltages u1, u2, u3 on the input side and intermediate circuit DC voltage UZK on the output side.
- FIG. 3 another known three-phase DCM boost converter with two switching transistors T +, T - is shown according to the prior art. Due to a connection to a neutral point N, a first diode D+ and a second diode D- are required in this known circuit.
- This circuit is suitable for describing both conventional and previously customary controls, which correspond to the basic principle of pulse width modulation, of the two switching transistors T+, T-.
- the two switching transistors T+, T ⁇ are switched on offset within a period in the case of offset control (push-pull). So the first one leads Switching transistor T+ when the second switching transistor T- is not conducting, and vice versa.
- both switching transistors are temporarily non-conductive.
- the ratio of the duty cycle to the period of a pulse width modulation signal is referred to as the duty cycle.
- both switching transistors are temporarily conducting.
- Systems with such duty cycles function as two standard boost converters working complementarily in push-pull. With this known type of clocking, the connection between a midpoint MP and the neutral point N as well as the first diode D+ in the positive branch and the second diode D- in the negative branch is absolutely necessary.
- both switching transistors T+, T ⁇ are switched on simultaneously within one period. Accordingly, the first switching transistor T+ and the second switching transistor T ⁇ are conductive or nonconductive at the same time.
- the switch-on time of both switching transistors T+, T- essentially depends on the duty cycle.
- Systems with these well-known timings function as two standard boost converters working complementarily in common mode. With such known network circuits, it is possible to use only one switching transistor for both step-up converters (cf. FIG. 1).
- the connection between the midpoint MP and the neutral point N and one of the two diodes D+, D- can be omitted.
- the level of the DC link voltage UZK at the output of the mains circuit can be regulated. It is not possible to extract optimal sinusoidal currents from the network with these known timings (cf. FIGS. 2A, 2B).
- an electrical converter for converting an at least three-phase alternating current signal and a direct current signal is known from the document WO 2021/219761 A1.
- the converter comprises at least three phase connections, a first DC connection and a second DC connection, a first converter stage, and a second converter stage.
- the American patent document US 7 005 759 B2 discloses an integrated converter.
- the integrated converter includes an AC/DC converter electrically connected to a three-phase power supply to convert an alternating current into a first direct current and achieve the object of power factor correction.
- the European patent application EP 2 814 164 A2 discloses a power converter, comprising a multi-phase primary stage between a multi-phase voltage source and a DC link, an input filter for the primary stage, a secondary stage between the DC link and a multi-phase load, with an additional bridge branch for a neutral Point of the load, the input filter comprises an input filter neutral point which is connected to a midpoint of the DC link via a connecting capacitance.
- the object of the present application is to provide sinusoidal phase currents at the input of a rectifier that meet the limit values of the PFC standards in all power classes.
- the present document describes a method for providing sinusoidal phase currents from a three-phase supply network to a rectifier.
- the method includes the steps of detecting and evaluating phase voltages, rectifying the phase voltages, and connecting a capacitor to a positive one Output or negative output of a rectifier via one of a first switching transistor or a second switching transistor, driving control inputs of the first switching transistor and the second switching transistor by the control unit, such that only the first switching transistor, only the second switching transistor, both or none of the first and second switching transistor becomes/become conductive and charging a capacitor voltage at a capacitor depending on the activation of the control inputs in such a way that differences between the phase voltages and the capacitor voltage, which drop across coils, lead to sinusoidal curves of the mean values of the coil currents.
- the actuation is one of a positive actuation or a negative actuation, the positive actuation taking place in a positive time interval and the negative actuation taking place in a negative time interval.
- the positive time interval is one where two out of three phase voltages are positive.
- the negative time interval is one where two out of three phase voltages are negative.
- the driving in a time interval is such that two of three phase voltages have the same polarity.
- the driving is done in such a way that when driving positively, the first switching transistor is/becomes conductive at a first point in time up to a third point in time for a duty cycle, and the second switching transistor at a second point in time up to a fourth Point in time for an on-time is/becomes conductive and during the second point in time to the third point in time for a short-circuit period the first and second switching transistors are/become conductive.
- the first switching transistor first becomes conductive when two of three phase voltages are positive.
- the capacitor can be charged accordingly in order to extract sinusoidal phase currents from the supply network that meet the limit values of the PFC standards in the corresponding power classes.
- the driving is done in such a way that, in the case of negative driving, the second switching transistor is/becomes conductive at a first point in time up to a third point in time for an on-time, the first switching transistor at a second point in time up to a fourth Point in time for an on-time is/becomes conductive and during the second point in time to the third point in time for a short-circuit period the first and second switching transistors are/become conductive.
- the second switching transistor becomes conductive first when two of three phase voltages are negative.
- the capacitor can be charged accordingly in order to extract sinusoidal phase currents from the supply network that meet the limit values of the PFC standards in the corresponding power classes.
- the actuation takes place in such a way that the switch-on duration of the first and second switching transistors lasts the same length.
- the equally long duty cycle of the two switching transistors promotes the sinusoidal shape of the phase currents.
- the driving is done in such a way that the duty cycle of the first and second switching transistors is modulated.
- different duty cycles can also be implemented during a switching period in order to more flexibly adapt the control to the detected values of the phase voltages. This allows the capacitor to be charged accordingly in order to extract sinusoidal phase currents from the supply network.
- the duration of the short circuit during activation occurs during a period of time in which the first switching transistor and the second switching transistor are conductive.
- the length of the short-circuit duration can be influenced by means of the control in order to charge the capacitor in such a way that sinusoidal phase currents are withdrawn from the supply network.
- the actuation of the control inputs of the first and second switching transistors is clocked at a clock frequency higher than a mains frequency.
- the sixth aspect it is ensured that harmonic currents resulting from the clock frequency do not influence the sinusoidal course of the phase currents. Furthermore, according to the sixth aspect, the size of components such as coils and capacitors, and hence component costs, can be reduced as the clock frequency is made higher.
- charging includes one of pre-charging, charging, recharging, and discharging.
- the capacitor can be controlled as a function of the detected phase voltages in order to withdraw sinusoidal phase currents from the supply network by precharging, charging, charge reversal or discharging.
- the method also includes the step of providing a reference potential for the capacitor in the midpoint network at a coupling circuit.
- an artificial neutral of the coupling circuit provides a voltage reference for a capacitor voltage of the capacitor in the midpoint network.
- the method also includes the step of detecting output variables of at least one of an intermediate circuit DC voltage, intermediate circuit current, positive and negative rectifier voltage, capacitor voltage compared to the reference potential and the capacitor current.
- the present document also describes a use of the method for at least one of a charging station, a power pack, an electric drive for machines and systems for energy conversion on the supply network.
- the method can thus be used for a variety of applications in order to provide sinusoidal phase currents that meet the limit values of the PFC standards in the corresponding power classes.
- FIG. 1 shows a step-up converter according to the prior art
- FIGS. 2A and 2B current curves of the step-up converter from FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 shows a further step-up converter according to the prior art
- FIG. 4 shows a network circuit according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 5 shows a course of control signals in the case of positive activation
- FIG. 6 different characteristic curves with positive control
- FIG. 7 shows a course of control signals in the case of negative activation
- FIG. 8 different characteristic curves with negative control
- FIG. 9 shows a profile of mains voltages of a three-phase supply network with periodically alternating positive and negative control
- FIGS. 10A and 10B current curves based on the positive and negative driving in the network circuit according to FIG. 4;
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method according to the invention.
- the network circuit NS includes at least one switching transistor T+, T- and a midpoint network MPN and is therefore designed as a step-up converter (step-up controller) or boost converter.
- the network circuit NS is designed as a three-phase PFC step-up converter.
- the amount of an output voltage at the output of the network circuit NS is always greater than the amount of an input voltage of the network circuit NS.
- the magnitude of the DC link voltage UZK at the output is therefore greater than a rectified value of line voltages u12, u23, u31 at an input of the mains circuit NS.
- the network circuit NS is expanded to form a half-bridge with the midpoint network MPN, comprising a capacitor CS.
- the network circuit NS has a connection to a neutral potential or reference potential SP.
- An output capacitor CA of the network circuit NS is realized with a capacitor.
- the output capacitor CA may be implemented as a series connection of two or more capacitors.
- the network circuit preferably comprises a first switching transistor T+ and a second switching transistor T ⁇ .
- the network circuit NS is not limited to the first and second switching transistors T+, T-.
- the network circuit NS also includes other components which are connected to one another via phases or lines LI, L2, L3.
- the network circuit NS includes an EMI filter or filter for electromagnetic interference EMI, a network detection NE, a control unit SE, a rectifier GR, a coupling circuit KS with the reference potential SP, a first diode D+ and a second diode D- on output lines of the Mains circuit NS and the output capacitor CA between the output lines.
- the network circuit NS is connected to the supply network VN via phases LI, L2, L3.
- the phases LI, L2, L3 include network variables.
- the mains variables include at least one of a phase position, mains voltages including line-to-line voltages ul, u2, u3 and line voltages ul 2, u23, u31, and phase currents iNL1, iNL2, iNL3.
- the input of the network circuit NS connects the three-phase supply network VN to the EMI filter EMI via the phases LI, L2, L3.
- the EMI filter EMI filters electromagnetic interference in a known manner. For this reason and for the sake of brevity, the EMI filter EMI is not described in detail herein.
- the network detection NE detects the network values of the phases LI, L2, L3, evaluates them and forwards them to the control unit SE.
- the network detection NE can be a separate unit or can be included in the control unit SE.
- the control unit SE includes an output detection AE in order to detect voltage magnitudes and current magnitudes at different positions, but in particular at the output of the network circuit NS.
- the output detection AE thus detects output variables, including at least one of the intermediate circuit direct voltage UZK and the intermediate circuit current IZK and also a positive and negative rectifier voltage uGR+, uGR-, the capacitor voltage uCS compared to the reference potential SP and a capacitor current iCS at the capacitor CS.
- Network detection NE and output detection AE can include different options for detecting the network variables and output variables. For example, the network sizes through the network detection NE and the initial detection AE by means of one or more sensors are detected.
- the network variables can be detected by the network detection NE and the output detection AE, for example, but also by means of a predetermined detection method, which is based on an ACTUAL/TARGET comparison.
- the control unit SE uses the information/s received about the voltage magnitudes and current magnitudes or network sizes from the network detection NE and the output detection AE in order to control the first and second switching transistors T+, T- in such a way that a capacitor voltage uCS is applied to the capacitor to provide CS.
- the magnitude of the capacitor voltage uCS represents a voltage difference which results from the phase voltages u1, u2, u3 and coil voltages uLL1, uLL2, uLL3, which drop across coils LL1, LL2, LL3.
- the activation leads to sinusoidal curves of mean values of coil currents iLL1, iLL2, iLL3, as described in more detail below.
- the control unit SE includes a microprocessor or microcontroller or functionally similar components for evaluating the network variables detected by the network detection NE and output detection AE.
- the control unit SE is a known prior art control unit. For this reason and for the sake of brevity, the control unit SE is not described in more detail here.
- the rectifier GR is constructed as an energy store with rectifier diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 and with inductances or coils LL1, LL2, LL3.
- the rectifier GR is not limited to this embodiment.
- the rectifier GR can be implemented with passive components, active components and/or a combination thereof.
- the rectifier GR can thus be a rectifier and inverter, which enables feedback into the supply network VN.
- the function of the rectifier GR corresponds to a known function and is therefore not described in detail for the sake of brevity.
- the coupling circuit KS is arranged between the midpoint network MPN and the rectifier GR.
- the coupling circuit KS is a capacitor star circuit comprising capacitors CYL1, CYL2, CYL3 and the reference potential SP.
- the reference potential SP is connected to the phases LI, L2, L3 via the capacitors CYL1, CYL2, CYL3.
- the coupling circuit KS is set up to create an artificial neutral conductor (neutral potential) in order to provide a voltage reference for the midpoint network MPN and thus for the capacitor CS.
- the midpoint network MPN (with the Capacitor CS) is connected to the phases via the reference potential SP of the coupling circuit KS
- the first switching transistor T+ and the second switching transistor T- each comprise a control input AN and a body diode (not shown) or a freewheeling diode (not shown) connected in parallel with the switching transistors T+, T-.
- the control input AN of the first switching transistor T+ is connected to the control unit SE.
- the control input AN of the second switching transistor T- is connected to the control unit SE.
- the control unit SE controls the first switching transistor T+ and the second switching transistor T ⁇ , as described in more detail later.
- the coupling circuit KS ensures that the higher-frequency currents caused by driving the first and second switching transistors T+, T- do not become visible in the phase currents iNL1, iNL2, iNL3.
- the midpoint network MPN of the network circuit NS serves in its basic function as an adjustable voltage source and includes the capacitor CS.
- the capacitor CS of the midpoint network MPN is connected between a midpoint MP and the reference potential SP of the coupling circuit with the phases LI, L2, L3 at the input.
- the midpoint MP is provided between the series-connected first switching transistor T+ and second switching transistor T-.
- the capacitor CS is electrically connected to the rectifier GR via the first switching transistor T+ having a positive output pG of the rectifier GR and via the second switching transistor T- having a negative output nG of the rectifier GR.
- the first diode D+ and the second diode D- are arranged at the output of the network circuit NS, so that the intermediate circuit DC voltage UZK at the output remains independent of clocking of the first and second switching transistors T+, T-. Either only the first diode D+, the second diode D- or both diodes D+, D- can be provided for clock independence.
- a special way of driving the control input AN of the at least one of the first switching transistor T+ and the second switching transistor T ⁇ by the control unit SE charges the capacitor CS of the midpoint network MPN.
- the charging of the capacitor CS corresponds to at least one of precharging, charging, charge reversal and discharging.
- the type of charging of the capacitor CS depends on the recorded network variables, recorded by the network recording NE and the output recording AE.
- the coil voltages uLL1, uLL2, uLL3 are modulated by the capacitor voltage uCS at the capacitor CS in such a way that sinusoidal phase currents iNL1, iNL2, iNL3 are drawn from the phases LI, L2, L3 of the supply network VN.
- the level of the capacitor voltage uCS depends on a duty cycle TV, as described further below.
- the phase currents iNL1, iNL2, iNL3 become essentially sinusoidal currents or have essentially sinusoidal profiles.
- the modulation corresponds to one of pulse width modulation, pulse frequency modulation or other known modulation methods.
- the sinusoidal currents are withdrawn from the supply network VN at the input of the network circuit NS.
- the capacitor CS serves as an adjustable voltage source for generating a voltage difference across the coils LL1, LL2, LL3.
- the voltage difference across the coils LL1, LL2, LL3 can be influenced by the charge on the capacitor CS in such a way that in corresponding periods of time, as shown in Figures 5 to 8, larger coil voltages uLL1, uLL2, uLL3 are present than are physically provided by the supply network VN.
- essentially sinusoidal currents are withdrawn from the supply network VN in all phases LI, L2, L3, as a result of which the limit values of the PFC standards can be observed in the corresponding power classes.
- the first and the second switching transistor T+, T- each receive control signals ST+, ST- from the control unit SE, as a result of which the first and the second switching transistor T+, T- are clocked.
- the clocking determines different time intervals, such as a switch-on time TE of the first switching transistor T+, a switch-on time TE of the second switching transistor T- and a short-circuit time TK, in which both switching transistors T+, T- are switched on or conductive at the same time.
- the sequence of the time intervals distinguishes between positive activation and negative activation. This special timing is described in detail below with reference to Figures 5-8.
- the control unit SE regulates the modulation via the length of the time intervals.
- the length of the time intervals and the short-circuit duration TK This also regulates the level of the DC link voltage UZK.
- the capacitor CS of the midpoint network MPN is charged. The loading takes place in relation to the artificial neutral conductor provided by the coupling circuit KS.
- the control inputs AN of the first and second switching transistors T+, T- are controlled by the control unit SE in such a way that the first switching transistor T+ is conductive between a first point in time t1 and a third point in time t3 for an on-time TE / is and then the second switching transistor T between a second time t2 and a fourth time t4 for the duty cycle TE is / is conductive. Between the second point in time t2 and the third point in time t3, for a short-circuit duration TK, the first and the second switching transistor T+, T- are conductive at the same time. While the first control signal ST+ is zero, the first switching transistor T+ is non-conductive.
- the first switching transistor T+ is non-conductive for a switch-off duration TA between the third point in time t3 of a current control period TS and the first point in time t1 of the next control period, while the first switching transistor T+ is not activated by the control unit SE. While the second control signal ST- is zero, the second switching transistor T- is non-conductive. The second switching transistor T- is non-conductive for the switch-off time TA between the fourth point in time t4 of the current control period TS and the second point in time t2 of the next control period, while the second switching transistor T- is not activated by the control unit SE.
- the intermediate circuit DC voltage UZK can optionally be controlled via the duty cycle TV of on-time TE to off-time TA or control period TS of the first and second switching transistors T+, T- and in connection with the short-circuit duration TK.
- the on-time TE of the first switching transistor T+ and the on-time TE of the second switching transistor T ⁇ are chosen to be of equal length in FIG. 5, for example.
- the sum of the on-time TE and off-time TA gives the control period TS.
- the switch-on time TE of the first switching transistor T+ and the switch-on time TE of the second switching transistor T ⁇ can, however, also be chosen to be of different lengths.
- the duty cycle TE can also be modulated via the control unit SE in order to last a different length of time in each control period TS.
- the on-time TE of the same length of time for the first and second switching transistors T+, T- in FIG. 5 thus merely represents an example to illustrate the positive drive, without the intention of restricting the positive (and negative) drive to this example.
- a reciprocal of the control period TS results in a clock frequency fs, with which the first switching transistor T+ and the second switching transistor T ⁇ are clocked by the activation of the control unit SE. It should be noted that clocking must be carried out at a sufficiently high clock frequency fs compared to mains frequency fN in order to keep the effort involved in filtering the harmonics caused by clocking as low as possible.
- Fig. 6 shows essential characteristics in the positive control depending on the clocking of the first and second switching transistors T +, T - of the network circuit NS from Fig. 4 over time.
- the exemplary assumptions apply that the phase voltages u2 and u3 are equal in magnitude and greater than 0 volts on phases L2 and L3, while phase-to-phase voltage ul on phase LI is less than 0 volts. Accordingly, the coils LL2 and LL3 are connected to the first switching transistor T+ via the positive output pG of the rectifier GR.
- the coil LL1 on the other hand, is connected to the second switching transistor T ⁇ via the negative output nG of the rectifier GR.
- control signals ST+, ST- are also shown in FIG. 6 in order to determine the times (t1 to t4') for the respective time intervals.
- the course of the first control signal ST+ and of the second control signal ST- corresponds to that from FIG. 5 and is not repeated again at this point.
- a profile of the output current IZK is also shown in Fig. 6 .
- a profile of the output current IZK a profile of an output capacitor current iCA of the output capacitor CA, a profile of a diode current iD+ via the first diode D+, a profile of the coil current iLL1 via the coil LL1, a profile of the coil current iLL23 , corresponding to the sum of coil current iLL2 and iLL3, a course of the capacitor voltage uCS and a course of a capacitor current iCS shown over time.
- the profile of the output current IZK remains constantly greater than zero over the entire control period TS.
- the coil current iLL23 as the sum of the coil currents iLL2 and iLL3 of the coils LL2 and LL3, increases positively in accordance with the capacitor current iCS up to the second point in time t2.
- the second switching transistor T ⁇ becomes conductive, while the first switching transistor T+ is also conductive.
- the second switching transistor T ⁇ is driven to be conductive by the control unit SE when a set period of time has elapsed or, alternatively, when the capacitor voltage uCS is equal to zero volts.
- the rectifier GR is short-circuited for the short-circuit duration TK.
- the capacitor CS is positively charged, starting from the discharged state, with the capacitor current iCS decreasing in absolute value from the second point in time t2. Meanwhile, the coil current iLL23 in the coils LL2 and LL3 continues to build up positively or continues to rise positively during the short-circuit duration TK.
- a negative current build-up begins in the coil LL1 from the second point in time t2, and the coil current iLL1 accordingly increases in the negative direction. Between the second point in time t2 and the third point in time t3, the most electrical energy is consumed by the components of the network circuit NS.
- the first switching transistor T+ which is conductive at the point in time t1 is switched off again by the control unit SE after the switch-on time TE.
- the second switching transistor T- remains conductive until the fourth point in time t4.
- the coils LL2 and LL3, in which a positive coil current iLL23 has built up during the on-time TE of the first switching transistor T+ drive this coil current iLL23 via rectifier diodes D3, D5 of the rectifier GR on the input side and the first and second diode D+ , D- on the output side towards a load.
- a diode current iD+ and an output capacitor current iCA are established, the amount of which steadily decreases from the third point in time t3. Also the coil current iLL23 in the coils LL2 and LL3 decreases in magnitude again. From the third point in time t3, the value of the capacitor current iCS decreases more rapidly and becomes equal to zero amperes at the point in time t3′. Since the second switching transistor T- is still conductive, the coil current iLL23 flows via the first and second diodes D+, D- and then splits into a current through the coil LL1 and a current through the capacitor CS until the capacitor current iCS equals reached zero amps.
- the capacitor current iCS is equal to zero amperes and the maximum positive capacitor voltage uCS is reached. From time t3', a negative capacitor current iCS is established across the capacitor CS, which increases negatively over time up to time t4. The capacitor CS is constantly being discharged again. From time t3', the negative capacitor current iCS of the capacitor CS is added to the coil current iLL23, which continues to flow via the first diode D+, the load and the second diode D-. The sum of the two currents corresponds to coil current iLL1 of coil LL1.
- the coil current iLL23 of the coils LL2 and LL3 decreases completely.
- the coil current iLL23 corresponds to zero amperes at time t3L.
- the first and second diodes D+, D- block and the diode current iD+ becomes equal to zero amperes
- the output capacitor current iCA becomes negative by taking over the intermediate circuit current IZK. From time t3L onwards, the entire negative capacitor current iCS of the capacitor CS continues to flow via the coil LL1, as a result of which the coil current iLL1 continues to increase negatively.
- the second switching transistor T- which was still conductive up to that point, is controlled by the switching unit SE in such a way that the second switching transistor T- becomes non-conductive.
- the coil LL1 continues to drive the coil current iLL1 from the fourth point in time t4 via the first and second diodes D+, D- and the load connected to the output of the network circuit NS.
- the diode current iD+ and the output capacitor current iCA increase instantaneously.
- the capacitor current iCS flows via the only remaining current path in the form of the body diode included in the first switching transistor T+ or the freewheeling diode connected in parallel with the first switching transistor T+.
- the value of the capacitor current iCS decreases again and approaches zero amperes from the fourth point in time t4 to the point in time t4′. This will make the capacitor CS is charged again to its original negative value, as prevailing at the first point in time t1.
- a positive coil current iLL23 begins to build up again in the two coils LL2 and LL3.
- the diode current iD+ and the output capacitor current iCA decrease in absolute value until time t4'.
- the magnitude of coil current iLL1 of coil LL1 corresponds to the magnitude of coil current iLL23 and thus to the sum of the magnitudes of coil current iLL2 and coil current iLL3.
- the capacitor current iCS becomes equal to zero amperes. From time t4', no more current flows from the capacitor CS via one of the body diode or the freewheeling diode of the first switching transistor T+. At time t4', the capacitor CS is fully charged to the negative initial value of the first time t1, which is again available for the next control period TS.
- the coils LL1, LL2, LL3 continue to drive the current through the first and second diodes D+, D- and the load connected to the output of the mains circuit NS, as a result of which the remaining coil currents iLL1, iLL23 in all three coils LL1, LL2, LL3 are linear with the reduce time.
- the diode current iD+ and the output capacitor current iCA also reduce in terms of absolute value.
- the coil currents iLL1, iLL23 become equal to 0A before the end of the control period TS in discontinuous operation or at the end of the control period TS in discontinuous limit operation.
- gap limit operation one of the coil currents iLL1, iLL2, iLL3 becomes zero exactly at the end of a control period TS.
- intermittent operation a pause is inserted between current reduction and the beginning of the new control period TS (the current "gaps" or has a gap).
- the gap operation as well as the gap limit operation is standard when using step-up converters.
- the switch-on duration TE, switch-off duration TA, short-circuit duration TK and switching period TS correspond to those of positive control, but with the difference that they begin or end at different points in time. The same applies to the switch-on time TE, switch-off time TA, short-circuit time TK and switching period TS as with positive control.
- the control inputs AN of the first and second switching transistors T+, T- are controlled by the control unit SE in such a way that the second switching transistor T- is first conductive between the first point in time t1 and the third point in time t3 for the duty cycle TE is / is and then the first switching transistor T + between the second time t2 and the fourth time t4 for the duty cycle TE is / is conductive. Between the second point in time t2 and the third point in time t3, for the duration of the short circuit TK, the first and the second switching transistor T+, T- are conductive at the same time.
- the first switching transistor T+ is non-conductive for a switch-off duration TA between the fourth point in time t4 of the current control period TS and a second point in time t2 of the next control period, while the first switching transistor T+ is not activated by the control unit SE.
- the second switching transistor T- is non-conductive for the switch-off time TA between the third point in time t3 of the current control period TS and the first point in time t1 of the next control period, while the second switching transistor T- is not activated by the control unit SE.
- Fig. 8 shows essential characteristics in the positive control depending on the clocking of the first and second switching transistors T +, T - of the network circuit NS from FIG LI is greater than zero volts, while the phase-to-phase voltages u2 and u3 of phases L2 and L3 are equal in magnitude and less than zero volts.
- the coil LL1 is connected to the first switching transistor T+ via the positive output pG of the rectifier GR.
- the coils LL2 and LL3, on the other hand, are connected to the second switching transistor T ⁇ via the negative output nG of the rectifier GR.
- control signals ST+, ST- are also shown in FIG. 8 in order to determine the times (t1 to t4') for the respective time intervals.
- the progression of the first control signal ST+ and of the second control signal ST- corresponds to that from FIG. 7 and is not repeated again at this point.
- Fig. 8 are the course of the output current IZK, the course of the output capacitor current iCA, the course of the diode current iD+, the course of the coil current iLL1, the course of the coil current iLL23, corresponding to the sum of coil currents iLL2 and iLL3, the course the capacitor voltage uCS and the course of the capacitor current iCS over time.
- the profile of the output current IZK remains constantly greater than zero over the entire control period TS.
- the coil current iLL23 as the sum of the coil currents iLL2 and iLL3 of the coils LL2 and LL3, increases negatively in accordance with the capacitor current iCS up to the second point in time t2.
- the first switching transistor T+ becomes conductive, while the second switching transistor T ⁇ is also conductive.
- the first switching transistor T+ is driven to be conductive by the control unit SE when a set period of time has elapsed or, alternatively, when the capacitor voltage uCS is equal to zero volts.
- the rectifier GR is short-circuited for the short-circuit duration TK.
- the capacitor CS is negatively charged, starting from the discharged state, with the capacitor current iCS decreasing in absolute value from the second point in time t2. Meanwhile, the coil current iLL23 continues to build up negatively in the coils LL2 and LL3.
- a positive current build-up begins in the coil LL1 from the second point in time t2, and the amount of the coil current iLL1 accordingly increases in the positive direction. Between the second point in time t2 and the third point in time t3, the most electrical energy is consumed by the components of the network circuit NS.
- the second switching transistor T ⁇ which is conductive at the first point in time t1, is switched off again by the control unit SE after the switch-on time TE.
- the first switching transistor T+ remains conductive until the fourth point in time t4.
- the coils LL2 and LL3, in which a negative coil current iLL23 has built up during the switch-on time TE of the second switching transistor T- drive this coil current iLL23 via rectifier diodes D4, D6 of the rectifier GR on the input side and the first and second diodes D+, D- on the output side towards a load.
- the diode current iD+ and the output capacitor current iCA set in the amount of which steadily decreases from the third point in time t3.
- the amount of coil current iLL23 in coils LL2 and LL3 also decreases again.
- the value of the capacitor current iCS decreases more rapidly and becomes equal to zero amperes at the point in time t3′. Since the first switching transistor T+ is still conductive, a current through the capacitor CS is added to the coil current iLL1 flowing through the coil LL1 until the capacitor current iCS reaches zero amperes.
- the capacitor current iCS is equal to zero amperes and the maximum negative capacitor voltage uCS is reached. From time t3', a positive capacitor current iCS is established across the capacitor CS, which increases positively over time up to time t4. The capacitor CS is discharged again. The positive capacitor current iCS of the capacitor CS is subtracted from the time t3' from the coil current iLL1 of the coil LL1, which continues to flow via D+, D- and the load. The difference between the two currents corresponds to coil current iLL23 of coils LL2 and LL3.
- the coil current iLL23 of the coils LL2 and LL3 decreases completely.
- the coil current iLL23 corresponds to zero amperes at time t3L.
- the first and second diodes D+, D- block and the diode current iD+ becomes equal to zero amperes
- the output capacitor current iCA becomes negative by taking over the intermediate circuit current IZK. From time t3L onwards, the entire positive capacitor current iCS of the capacitor CS continues to flow via the coil LL1, as a result of which the coil current iLL1 continues to increase positively.
- the first switching transistor T+ which was still conductive up to that point, is controlled by the switching unit SE in such a way that the first switching transistor T+ becomes nonconductive.
- the coil LL1 continues to drive the coil current iLL1 from the fourth point in time t4 via the first and second diodes D+, D- and the load connected to the output of the network circuit NS.
- the diode current iD+ and the output capacitor current iCA increase instantaneously.
- the capacitor current iCS flows via the only remaining current path in the form of the body diode included in the second switching transistor T- or the freewheeling diode connected in parallel with the second switching transistor T-.
- the value of the capacitor current iCS decreases again and approaches zero amperes from the fourth point in time t4 to the point in time t4′. As a result, the capacitor CS returns to its original positive value, as prevailing at the first point in time t1 value charged. At the same time, a negative coil current iLL23 begins to build up again in the two coils LL2 and LL3. The diode current iD+ and the output capacitor current iCA decrease in absolute value until time t4'.
- the magnitude of coil current iLL1 of coil LL1 corresponds to the magnitude of coil current iLL23 and thus to the sum of the magnitudes of coil current iLL2 and coil current iLL3.
- the capacitor current iCS becomes equal to zero amperes. From time t4', no more current flows from the capacitor CS via one of the body diode or the freewheeling diode of the second switching transistor T-. At time t4', the capacitor CS is fully charged to the positive initial value of the first time t1, which is again available for the next control period TS.
- the coils LL1, LL2, LL3 continue to drive the current through the first and second diodes D+, D- and the load connected to the output of the mains circuit NS, as a result of which the remaining coil currents iLL1, iLL23 in all three coils LL1, LL2, LL3 are linear with the reduce time.
- the diode current iD+ and the output capacitor current iCA also reduce in terms of absolute value.
- the coil currents iLL1, iLL23 become equal to 0A before the end of the control period TS in discontinuous operation or at the end of the control period TS in discontinuous limit operation.
- the network circuit NS In order for the network circuit NS to function as desired and to be able to draw sinusoidal phase currents iNL1, iNL2, iNL3 from the supply network VN in compliance with the limit values of the PFC standards in the corresponding power classes, either only the positive control or only the negative control is carried out , but both alternate periodically during operation. At what point in time the positive or negative control is applied depends on the recorded and evaluated network variables in phases LI, L2, L3.
- Fig. 9 represents a supply network VN as a three-phase system with the phase voltages ul, u2, u3 and time intervals A, B. Looking at the course of the phase voltages ul, u2, u3 of the three-phase system, there are positive time intervals A, in which two Phase voltages are greater than zero and one phase voltage is less than zero and negative time intervals B, in which one phase voltage is greater than zero and two phase voltages are less than zero. If two of the phase voltages u1, u2, u3 are greater than zero, then in this positive time interval A the positive control (cf. FIGS. 5, 6) is applied.
- time intervals A, B ie the time at which the positive control or the negative control is active
- the phase voltages u1, u2, u3 are always in the same state, i.e. greater than zero or less than zero.
- time interval A time interval B
- the approximately triangular voltage curve SK At each zero point of the approximately triangular voltage curve SK, there is a change from positive control to negative control or from negative control to positive control. If the approximately triangular voltage curve SK runs from the negative time interval B, ie with a value less than zero, into the positive time interval A, ie with a value greater than zero, the control changes from a negative control to a positive control.
- the transition from the positive/negative drive to the negative/positive drive can be instantaneous, for example, as shown in FIG. However, the transition can also be smooth (not shown).
- the duration of the time intervals A, B depends on the mains frequency fN.
- fN the mains frequency
- a zero occurs every 3.33 milliseconds in the three-phase system. This means that every 3.33 milliseconds there is a switch between positive and negative control.
- the network circuit NS is not limited to the European supply network. Rather, the mains circuit NS can be put into operation for all international mains voltages and mains frequencies.
- phase currents iNL1, iNL2, iNL3 are modulated by the coil voltages uLL1, uLL2, uLL3, which are influenced by the adjustable voltage applied to the capacitor CS. As shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, this results in sinusoidal mains currents iNL1, iNL2, iNL3, which are provided at the input of a rectifier in order to meet the limit values of the PFC standards in the corresponding power classes.
- the dips in both the area of the zero crossings NI and in the area of the sine peaks Kl can be compared to the zero crossings N and the sine peaks K of the curves in FIGS. 2A and 2B using of the control and the capacitor CS must be corrected.
- Sinusoidal phase currents iNL1, iNL2, iNL3 with the lowest harmonic components occur, which meet the limit values of the PFC standards in the corresponding power classes.
- FIG. 11 illustrates the method in its steps according to the invention.
- phase-to-phase voltages u1, u2, u3 in phases LI, L2, L3 are detected and evaluated by network detection NE and output detection AE. in step
- step S3 the capacitor CS is electrically connected to the positive output pG or negative output nG of the rectifier GR via the first switching transistor T+ and the second switching transistor T ⁇ .
- step S4 the control inputs AN of the first switching transistor T+ and the second switching transistor T- are activated by the control unit SE depending on the time intervals A, B in such a way that only the first switching transistor T+, only the second switching transistor T-, both or none of the first and second switching transistor T+, T- becomes/become conductive.
- step S5 the capacitor CS of the midpoint network MPN is charged depending on the activation (step S4) of the control inputs AN in such a way that voltage differences from the phase voltages ul, u2, u3 to the capacitor voltage uCS, which drops across the coils LL1, LL2, LL3 , lead to sinusoidal profiles of the mean values of the coil currents iLL1, iLL2, iLL3. Steeper coil currents iLL1, iLL2, iLL3 are thus generated in the coils LL1, LL2, LL3 with the aid of the capacitor voltage uCS.
- the method can be used for circuits in a charging station, an electric drive for machines, in power supply units and in systems for energy conversion on the supply network VN.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU501001A LU501001B1 (de) | 2021-12-13 | 2021-12-13 | Verfahren zum Bereitstellen von sinusförmigen Phasenströmen mit Ansteuerung und Ladung |
| PCT/EP2022/085671 WO2023110905A1 (de) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-12-13 | Verfahren zum bereitstellen von sinusförmigen phasenströmen mit ansteuerung und ladung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4449600A1 true EP4449600A1 (de) | 2024-10-23 |
Family
ID=80738911
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22835031.0A Pending EP4449600A1 (de) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-12-13 | Verfahren zum bereitstellen von sinusförmigen phasenströmen mit ansteuerung und ladung |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4449600A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2024543674A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20240116942A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA3240919A1 (de) |
| LU (1) | LU501001B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023110905A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW591870B (en) * | 2003-02-18 | 2004-06-11 | Delta Electronics Inc | Integrated converter with three-phase power factor correction |
| EP2814164B1 (de) * | 2013-06-12 | 2017-08-16 | AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH | Mehrphasiger Wechselstromleistungswandler und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines mehrphasigen Wechselstromleistungswandlers |
| EP3068024B1 (de) | 2015-03-09 | 2018-01-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines Vienna-Gleichrichters |
| WO2021219761A1 (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2021-11-04 | Prodrive Technologies B.V. | Electrical power converter |
-
2021
- 2021-12-13 LU LU501001A patent/LU501001B1/de active IP Right Grant
-
2022
- 2022-12-13 CA CA3240919A patent/CA3240919A1/en active Pending
- 2022-12-13 WO PCT/EP2022/085671 patent/WO2023110905A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-12-13 EP EP22835031.0A patent/EP4449600A1/de active Pending
- 2022-12-13 JP JP2024535235A patent/JP2024543674A/ja active Pending
- 2022-12-13 KR KR1020247023253A patent/KR20240116942A/ko active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| LU501001B1 (de) | 2023-06-13 |
| JP2024543674A (ja) | 2024-11-21 |
| CA3240919A1 (en) | 2023-06-22 |
| WO2023110905A1 (de) | 2023-06-22 |
| KR20240116942A (ko) | 2024-07-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE102006010694B4 (de) | Wechselrichterschaltung für erweiterten Eingangsspannungsbereich | |
| DE69506612T2 (de) | Steuerschaltung für induktive Belastung | |
| EP2730019B1 (de) | Betriebsverfahren für einen wechselrichter und netzfehlertoleranter wechselrichter | |
| EP2116857A1 (de) | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Erfassen einer Strompolarität innerhalb eines getakteten Brückenzweiges | |
| CH698835B1 (de) | Eigenstromversorgung für Stromrichterschaltertreiber. | |
| EP2996235A1 (de) | Dc/dc-wandler | |
| EP1465330B1 (de) | Verfahren und Schaltung zum Variieren der Leistungsaufnahme von kapazitiven Lasten | |
| EP3123603B1 (de) | Modulationsverfahren für den hochsetzsteller-betrieb eines gegentaktwandlers | |
| EP2731227A2 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers aus einer Wechselspannungsquelle | |
| EP3785360B1 (de) | Vorladung eines zwischenkreises | |
| WO2014206704A1 (de) | Umrichteranordnung mit parallel geschalteten mehrstufen-umrichtern sowie verfahren zu deren steuerung | |
| DE102017115639A1 (de) | Reduzierung des Rippelstroms bei Schaltvorgängen einer Brückenschaltung | |
| DE102006018577A1 (de) | Hochsetzsteller-Leistungsfaktorkorrekturschaltung (Boost-PFC) | |
| DE102018203388A1 (de) | Vorladen eines Zwischenkreiskondensators eines Gleichspannungszwischenkreises | |
| DE19961382A1 (de) | Elektrische Schaltung, insbesondere für einen Mittelspannungsstromrichter | |
| DE102006018576A1 (de) | Hochsetzsteller-Leistungsfaktorkorrekturschaltung (Boost-PFC) | |
| EP2899879B1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betrieb sowie Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung einer rotierenden bürstenlosen elektrischen Maschine | |
| EP1766767B1 (de) | Verfahren zum betrieb eines wechselrichters und anordnung zur durchführung des verfahrens | |
| WO2020064429A1 (de) | Ladeschaltung für einen fahrzeugseitigen elektrischen energiespeicher | |
| EP3369167B1 (de) | Netzrückspeiseeinheit und elektrisches antriebssystem | |
| LU501001B1 (de) | Verfahren zum Bereitstellen von sinusförmigen Phasenströmen mit Ansteuerung und Ladung | |
| EP2951912B1 (de) | Verfahren zum regeln eines wechselrichters und wechselrichter | |
| EP4173125A1 (de) | Dreiphasen boost-converter mit pfc | |
| DE102017221635B4 (de) | Ermitteln einer Netzsystemart einer Energiequelle zum Aufladen eines elektrischen Energiespeichers | |
| DE102006060828A1 (de) | Umrichter mit einer Verzögerungsschaltung für PWM-Signale |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20240715 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20250616 |