EP4449385A1 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de détection précoce d'incendie de forêt - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de détection précoce d'incendie de forêt

Info

Publication number
EP4449385A1
EP4449385A1 EP22835393.4A EP22835393A EP4449385A1 EP 4449385 A1 EP4449385 A1 EP 4449385A1 EP 22835393 A EP22835393 A EP 22835393A EP 4449385 A1 EP4449385 A1 EP 4449385A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
terminal
forest fire
early
detection system
fire detection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22835393.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Carsten Brinkschulte
Marco Bönig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dryad Networks GmbH
Original Assignee
Dryad Networks GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dryad Networks GmbH filed Critical Dryad Networks GmbH
Publication of EP4449385A1 publication Critical patent/EP4449385A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/005—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion for forest fires, e.g. detecting fires spread over a large or outdoors area
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0271—Detection of area conflagration fires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D47/00—Equipment not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/02—Means for indicating or recording specially adapted for thermometers
    • G01K1/024—Means for indicating or recording specially adapted for thermometers for remote indication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K3/00—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature
    • G01K3/08—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature giving differences of values; giving differentiated values
    • G01K3/14—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature giving differences of values; giving differentiated values in respect of space
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0257—Hybrid positioning
    • G01S5/0263—Hybrid positioning by combining or switching between positions derived from two or more separate positioning systems
    • G01S5/0264—Hybrid positioning by combining or switching between positions derived from two or more separate positioning systems at least one of the systems being a non-radio wave positioning system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0284—Relative positioning
    • G01S5/0289—Relative positioning of multiple transceivers, e.g. in ad hoc networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/18—Status alarms
    • G08B21/182—Level alarms, e.g. alarms responsive to variables exceeding a threshold
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/007—Details of data content structure of message packets; data protocols
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/10—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using wireless transmission systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S2205/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S2205/001—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/06—Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating an early forest fire detection system with the method steps of detecting a temperature using a terminal and sending ID data from the terminal to a server, the position of the terminal being unknown.
  • the invention also relates to a terminal of a forest fire early detection system with an autonomous energy supply, a communication device and a flight control device that is provided and suitable for changing the falling speed of the terminal and/or the direction of flight.
  • end devices It makes more sense to monitor the area using a large number of inexpensive sensors that can be mass-produced and arranged in end devices. These end devices can be manufactured very inexpensively and often only require a small amount of energy, be it because they are not permanently in operation or the sensors themselves are designed to be very energy-efficient.
  • the end devices are part of a network, e.g. a LoRaWAN.
  • the end devices and gateways are distributed in the area to be monitored and deliver data to a base station via radio link.
  • LoRaWAN uses a star network architecture in which all end devices communicate via the most suitable gateway. These gateways take over the routing and, if there is more than one gateway within range of a terminal device and the local network is overloaded, they can also redirect the communication to an alternative.
  • Some other loT protocols e.g. ZigBee or Z-Wave
  • the end devices of the mesh network forward the messages to each other until they reach a gateway, which transfers the messages to the Internet.
  • Mesh networks self-program and dynamically adapt to environmental conditions without the need for a master controller or hierarchy.
  • the end devices of a mesh network In order to be able to forward messages, however, the end devices of a mesh network must be ready to receive either constantly or at regular intervals and cannot be left in the idle state for long periods of time. The result is a higher energy requirement of the end devices for forwarding messages to and from the gateways and a resulting reduction in battery life.
  • the star network architecture of LoRaWAN allows the end devices to switch to the energy-saving idle state for long periods of time and thus ensures that the battery of the end devices is loaded as little as possible and can therefore be operated for several years without changing the battery.
  • the gateway acts as a bridge between simple protocols optimized for battery life (LoRa / LoRaWAN), which are better suited for resource-constrained end devices, and the Internet Protocol (IP) used to provide IoT services and applications. After the gateway has received the data packets from the end device via LoRa / LoRaWAN, it sends them via the internet protocol (IP) to a network server, which in turn has interfaces to loT platforms and applications.
  • IP internet protocol
  • the method according to the invention for operating an early forest fire detection system has two method steps: In the first method step, the temperature is detected by a terminal device.
  • the temperature of the ambient air and the type and concentration of the gases produced during a forest fire are indicators of a forest fire.
  • the type, composition and temperature of the gases produced during a forest fire also point to the development of a forest fire. This makes it possible to detect an emerging forest fire and to initiate its fight at an early stage.
  • ID data is sent from the terminal to a server.
  • Each end device arranged in the early forest fire detection system has a separate, i.e. unique ID, by means of which the respective end device can be clearly identified. If a forest fire is detected, the end device sends ID data to the server.
  • the ID data contains the ID of the respective end device. The server therefore only receives the information as to which end device has detected a forest fire within the early forest fire detection system.
  • the exact position of the terminal is unknown.
  • Exact knowledge of the end position of a terminal device in the surveillance area is irrelevant for the operation of the early forest fire detection system.
  • a scattered distribution of the terminals in the monitoring area is achieved that there is an average distribution of at least 2 terminals/ha, preferably at least 5 terminals/ha and particularly preferably at least 10 terminals/ha. It has been found that such a distribution of terminals in the surveillance area is sufficient to detect a forest fire in the early stages of its development, eg as a smoldering fire. That the forest fire
  • the end device that is detecting and sending its ID data to the server is therefore not located exactly, but only within a specific area that is known.
  • the recorded temperature is compared with a threshold temperature.
  • the threshold temperature describes the temperature above which a forest fire occurs.
  • the threshold temperature can optionally be set individually for each end device and depends on the climatic conditions to which the surveillance area is exposed. If the temperature detected by the end device exceeds the threshold temperature, the end device detects a forest fire.
  • the ID data is sent when the detected temperature exceeds the threshold temperature.
  • the ID data contains the ID of the respective end device.
  • the server receives the information as to which end device has detected a forest fire within the early forest fire detection system. In a further aspect of the invention, the exact position of the terminal remains unknown. The end device that detects the forest fire and sends its ID data to the server is therefore not located exactly, but only within a specific area that is known.
  • the communication path from the terminals to the server is routed via a satellite.
  • a network e.g. LoRaWAN
  • communication can take place via satellites.
  • the terminals are scattered throughout the surveillance area.
  • the terminals are scattered in the surveillance area. This achieves an area-wide arrangement of the terminals within the surveillance area, with the average density being at least 2 terminals/ha, preferably at least 5 terminals/ha and particularly preferably at least 10 terminals/ha.
  • the precise position of the terminals cannot be determined by elements of the early forest fire detection system. For the operation of the early forest fire detection system, however, exact knowledge of the end position of a terminal device in the surveillance area is irrelevant.
  • the average distribution is at least 2 terminals/ha, preferably at least 5 terminals/ha and particularly preferably at least 10 terminals/ha. It has been found that such a distribution of terminals in the surveillance area is sufficient to detect a forest fire in the early stages of its development, eg as a smoldering fire.
  • the ID data is part of a status message for monitoring the functionality of the terminals and/or part of a warning message.
  • a warning message is the message from the end device that the end device has detected a forest fire, while the status message only signals that the end device is functional. Both types of messages are sent from the end device to the server.
  • the warning message and the status message contain the ID data of the sending end device.
  • the status message can optionally contain additional data, e.g. about the energy reserve of the end device.
  • the warning message can also optionally contain additional data, e.g. about the temperature of the ambient air, data about the type and temperature of gases detected and/or other measurement data.
  • the terminals send status reports to the server at regular intervals.
  • a status message signals the functionality of the terminal device.
  • each terminal device sends status reports at regular intervals, eg every 24 hours.
  • the status reports exclusively include data for identifying the terminal device, in particular ID data. The ID data is sufficient to confirm the functionality of the end device.
  • sending the ID status reports consumes at most half of the energy stored in the terminal. This ensures that the end device's energy store still has sufficient energy reserves to send a warning message to the server in the event of a forest fire.
  • the energy for sending a warning message is generated immediately before the warning message is sent.
  • a bimetal lamella and a piezo element are arranged in the end device.
  • this construction combines power generation and temperature sensor in one device, so the end device can be designed to be inexpensive, light and robust.
  • a bimetallic disc has two layers of different metals on top of each other.
  • the two layers are connected to one another by material bonding or by form-fitting material. Due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the metals used, one of the layers expands more than the other, causing the bimetallic plate to bend when the temperature changes.
  • This deformation of the bimetal blade due to thermal action is converted into electrical energy by a piezoelectric material, which is deformed or vibrated as the bimetal blade bends.
  • a piezo element generates electrical voltage when force is applied through pressure or vibration, i.e. it uses the kinetic energy that is available in the environment.
  • the output power is largely determined by the mechanical deformation of the bending structure. The greater the deflection, the greater the charge and power generated.
  • the bimetal lamella has a transition temperature at which the bimetal lamella changes from a first latched state to a second latched state.
  • the transition temperature of the bimetal lamella is advantageously the threshold temperature at which the terminal device detects a forest fire.
  • the bimetallic lamella generates electrical energy, which is generated to send the communication unit a warning message via the satellite to the server immediately before the warning message is sent.
  • the terminal device has an autonomous energy supply, a communication device and a flight control device that is provided and suitable for slowing down the falling speed of the terminal device and/or gateway.
  • the energy supply is a battery, which can also be designed to be rechargeable.
  • the use of solar cells is somewhat more complex and expensive, but offers a very long service life.
  • Messages are exchanged between the end device and the gateway by means of the communication device.
  • the flight control device reduces the risk of damage to the terminal devices when the terminal devices fall and/or fly, in particular when they hit their impact position, e.g. on the ground or in a plant.
  • the flight control device is a braking device.
  • the cW value of the end device is different in two different directions.
  • the cW value is a dimensionless measure of the flow resistance of a body around which a medium flows. A different drag coefficient in different directions causes an angular momentum the end device and thus a change in the direction of flight and/or fall of the end devices, the ejected end devices are therefore distributed over a larger area.
  • the flight control device is provided and suitable for changing the air resistance of the terminal device.
  • the flight control device increases the air resistance of the terminal. This reduces the risk of damage to the terminal devices when the terminal devices fall and/or fly, in particular when they hit their impact position, e.g. on the ground or in a plant.
  • the flight control device has a mechanism which is provided and suitable for changing the orientation of the terminal device with respect to a flight direction of the terminal device.
  • the change in orientation also causes a change in the flight and/or fall direction of the terminals, the ejected terminals are distributed over a larger area.
  • a deceleration of the ejected terminals of the rate of fall of the terminals is achieved, as a result of which the risk of damage to the terminals is reduced.
  • the flight control device has a mechanism which is provided and suitable for changing the flight direction of the terminal device, the ejected terminal devices are distributed over a larger area.
  • the flight control device has a mechanism which is intended and suitable for slowing down the fall speed and/or flight speed of the terminal during a flight and/or fall of the terminal, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the terminals upon impact in their impact position is reduced, for example on the ground or in a plant.
  • the flight control device has a mechanism which is intended and suitable for being caught in a plant.
  • a flight control device arranged on the end device reduces the risk of damage to the end devices, at the same time the flight control device positions the end device in such a way that the sensor unit arranged in the end device is arranged at an optimum distance from the objects (plants) to be monitored.
  • the flight control device has a parachute, a wing, a cable device and/or a net.
  • the flight control device reduces the rate of descent and/or flight speed of the terminal during a flight and/or terminal fall, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the terminals upon impact in their impact position, e.g., on the ground or in a plant.
  • Parachute, rope device and net are also suitable to act as a fall arrest device to catch the terminal in a plant.
  • the flight control device can have a so-called ballute, a parachute-like braking parachute system, which is also used to generate air resistance, but has advantages especially when used in low air density and in the supersonic range.
  • Ballutes feature a balloon-like central body surrounded by an annular tube. The ring ensures a defined detachment of the flow and thus ensures a stable flight attitude.
  • the initial deployment is usually supported by active inflation using a gas cartridge or a small pyrotechnic propellant charge. Appropriately installed air inlets then ensure a slight overpressure inside through ram air in order to prevent collapse due to the surrounding flow of outside air.
  • the flight control device is a device for changing the outer shape of the terminal device.
  • the device for changing the external shape of the terminal causes a change, in particular a Increasing the air resistance of the end device. This reduces the risk of damage to the terminal devices when the terminal devices fall and/or fly, in particular when they hit their impact position, for example on the ground or in a plant.
  • the device for changing the outer shape of the end device also or additionally causes a change in the orientation of the end devices during their flight and/or fall. This achieves a change in the flight and/or fall direction of the terminal devices, and the ejected terminal devices are distributed over a larger area.
  • the device for changing the outer shape is provided and suitable for changing the air resistance of the terminal device.
  • the braking device increases the air resistance and thus the flight and/or fall speed of the terminal device. This reduces the risk of damage to the terminal devices when the terminal devices fall and/or fly, in particular when they hit their impact position, e.g. on the ground or in a plant.
  • the device for changing the outer shape is intended and suitable for reducing the rate of fall of the terminal in free fall, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the terminal when it hits its impact position, e.g. on the ground or in a plant becomes.
  • the device for changing the outer shape is intended and suitable for changing the orientation of the terminal in a free fall. This achieves a change in the flight and/or fall direction of the terminal devices, and the ejected terminal devices are distributed over a larger area.
  • the device for changing the outer shape has a folding and/or unfolding mechanism.
  • the folding and/or Unfolding mechanism causes irreversible unfolding or unfolding of the device to change the outer shape.
  • the folding and/or unfolding mechanism is triggered by, for example, a timer, a signal, for example electromagnetically, or a mechanical event, for example by the air flow acting on the end device.
  • the folding and/or unfolding mechanism has a parachute, wings, a net or a rope device.
  • a parachute, wing, net or cable device reduces the rate of descent and/or airspeed of the terminal during flight and/or terminal fall, thereby reducing the risk of terminal damage upon impact in its impact position, e.g. on the ground or in a plant.
  • Parachute, rope device and net are also suitable to act as a fall arrest device to catch the terminal in a plant.
  • the flight control device is a device for changing the orientation of the terminal device in a free fall.
  • the device for changing the orientation of the terminal in a free fall changes the orientation of the terminal in a free fall. This achieves a change in the flight and/or fall direction of the terminal devices, and the ejected terminal devices are distributed over a larger area.
  • the method according to the invention for installing a terminal of an early forest fire detection system has two method steps: In the first method step, an output device is loaded with a large number of terminals.
  • the output device is preferably part of an aircraft, eg a helicopter, airplane, airship, hot air balloon. It is also possible to use ballistic ones Missiles, such as rockets.
  • the output device can also be part of a water or ground vehicle that is also designed for off-road use, or part of a
  • the output device can be part of a manned or unmanned, automatically and/or autonomously controlled and/or remotely controllable means of transport or vehicle.
  • the terminals are output using the output device.
  • the output device outputs the terminals at a point in time individually, in batches and/or as a whole in or above the area in which the early forest fire detection system is to work.
  • the output device or the means of transport transporting the output device has suitable means for determining the position of the output device, e.g. a gyroscope navigation and/or GPS system.
  • the terminals are arranged in an early forest fire detection system in such a way that the early forest fire detection system can monitor an area using the terminals.
  • the output takes place in the direction of the intended end position of the terminals.
  • the terminals usually do not have their own drive.
  • the impulse exerted on the end devices during output is used to move the end devices to their intended end position.
  • the impulse acting on the terminals can, for example, be exerted on the terminals by a movement of the output device itself.
  • the dispensing takes place several times, in particular the dispensing is repeated.
  • the process of outputting is repeated so frequently that the intended number of terminals are arranged in the area or the partial area of the area in which the early forest fire detection system is intended to work.
  • the dispensing device is moved between a first and a second dispensing. This ensures that the terminals arranged in the output device are distributed over a large area.
  • the distance between the position of the first dispensing and the position of the second dispensing is equidistant to the distance between the position of the second dispensing and the position of a third dispensing. This also ensures that the end devices that are output are distributed as evenly as possible in the area to be monitored.
  • the output device is an aircraft or is positioned in an aircraft during the output.
  • an aircraft a large number of terminals can be distributed quickly and evenly within the area to be monitored.
  • an aircraft can also reach remote areas quickly.
  • the aircraft itself is a helicopter, airplane, airship or hot air balloon. It is also possible to use ballistic missiles, e.g. rockets.
  • the aircraft can be manned or unmanned, automatically and/or autonomously controlled and/or remotely controllable.
  • dispensing takes place in batches.
  • a plurality of terminal devices are therefore dropped at a point in time and/or at an output position. Since damage to the end devices during dispensing and in particular during impact cannot be ruled out, redundancy is achieved by dispensing in batches. An area of the area to be monitored can therefore be monitored by a plurality of terminals.
  • the charges include more than 2, preferably more than
  • the terminals have an output trajectory after the output, wherein after the terminals output the terminals experience a controlled impulse which changes the output trajectory.
  • the impulse acting on the terminals is exerted on the terminals by, for example, the movement of the dispenser itself during dispensing.
  • the impulse can be controlled, for example, by the end devices themselves being driven.
  • the momentum of the terminal devices is preferably controlled by changing the aerodynamics of an individual terminal device, e.g. by arranging a parachute on the terminal device.
  • the terminals of a batch have different output trajectories.
  • the terminal devices issued from a batch therefore also have end positions that differ from one another. This ensures that the end devices that are output are distributed over a large area.
  • the output takes place across the board in several output positions.
  • the output positions are selected in such a way that a comprehensive arrangement of the output terminals is achieved within the forest fire early warning system.
  • the output takes place in several output positions in lines.
  • the lines of the output positions can also be arranged next to one another in meandering fashion to cover an area, in order to achieve uniform coverage of the area to be monitored with the output terminals
  • the output direction includes a directional component that is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the output device stands.
  • the output direction has at least one directional component that is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the output device.
  • the output device preferentially delivers the terminals to the sides that are perpendicular to the direction of movement of the output device.
  • a mechanism is triggered during the flight of the terminal devices, which causes the rate of fall of the terminal devices to be slowed down. This reduces the risk of damage to the terminal devices when the terminal devices fall and/or fly, in particular when they hit their impact position, e.g. on the ground or in a plant.
  • a mechanism is triggered that activates a catching device that is intended and suitable for catching in a plant.
  • a catching device arranged on the end device reduces the risk of damage to the end devices, at the same time the catching device positions the end device in such a way that the sensor unit arranged in the end device is arranged at an optimal distance from the objects (plants) to be monitored.
  • a mechanism is triggered during the flight of the end devices, which causes a change in the aerodynamics in the flight direction of the end devices.
  • the change in aerodynamics causes a change in the direction of flight and/or fall of the terminals, the ejected terminals are therefore distributed over a larger area.
  • the ejected terminals are slowed down in the rate of fall of the terminals, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the terminals.
  • a mechanism is triggered during the flight of the terminals, which changes the orientation of the terminals causes flight direction.
  • the change in orientation also causes a change in the flight and/or fall direction of the terminals, the ejected terminals are distributed over a larger area.
  • a deceleration of the ejected terminals of the rate of fall of the terminals is achieved, as a result of which the risk of damage to the terminals is reduced.
  • the method according to the invention for installing an early forest fire detection system has two method steps: In the first method step, an output device is loaded with a large number of terminals.
  • the dropping device is preferably part of a means of transport such as an aircraft, e.g. a helicopter, airplane, airship, hot air balloon. It is also possible to use ballistic missiles, e.g. rockets, as means of transport.
  • a means of transport can also be a water or ground vehicle, also designed for off-road use, or a hovercraft.
  • the means of transport can be unmanned, that is to say autonomously controlled and/or remotely controllable.
  • the terminals are output by the output device, with each individual terminal that is output being separately traceable.
  • the output device outputs the terminals at a point in time individually, in batches and/or as a whole in or above the area in which the early forest fire detection system is to work.
  • the output device has suitable means for determining the position of the output device, for example a gyroscope navigation and/or GPS system.
  • each end device can be traced before and after it is issued. "Separately traceable" in the sense of this document means that a position is known for each end device. The position of each end device is preferred at the time the end device is output and/or in its end position clearly known within an early forest fire detection system.
  • This position can be the actual position of the end device or a calculated position.
  • the position is known independently of the position of other end devices.
  • each terminal is clearly identifiable, for example, by an ID code assigned to each terminal.
  • each of the terminals is assigned a separate ID.
  • each terminal device receives a separate and distinguishable ID code. This ID can be read, for example, using a barcode on the end device, an RFID chip and/or via NFC.
  • the ID is stored on a central server.
  • the output position of each individual terminal device output is determined and/or stored.
  • the output position is the geographical position at which a terminal is output by the output device.
  • the output position is different from the end position of the output terminal.
  • the output position is usually, but not necessarily, different from the end position of the terminal, with the end position of a terminal designating the position of a terminal within an early forest fire detection system.
  • the end position of the terminal is calculated.
  • the end position of the terminal device within the early forest fire detection system is preferably determined using the ballistic data at the time the terminal device was ejected.
  • the ballistic data include, for example, direction of movement, drop position and height, speed of the Output device and the terminal devices at the time the terminal devices are output, as well as other parameters such as air pressure, humidity, air temperature, wind direction and strength.
  • the end position of the terminal is stored on a central server.
  • each end device sends a corresponding signal to the central server.
  • the location of the forest fire is defined by the positions of the corresponding terminals.
  • the end device sends an ID signal to a central server after the end position of the end device has been reached.
  • the ID signal only has the ID of the terminal device.
  • the ID signal does not have the position of the terminal device, which is not determined by the terminal device itself, but is calculated on the basis of preferably ballistic data during the terminal device's output.
  • the ID signal - usually sent as a data packet - therefore only has a small number of bits and only requires a small amount of energy for transmission.
  • the end position can be determined and verified using data from triangulation measurements with other end devices.
  • the task is also solved by means of the method for determining the position of a terminal of a forest fire early warning system.
  • the method according to the invention for determining the position of a terminal of an early forest fire detection system has four method steps:
  • the terminal is identified.
  • each terminal has a separate and distinguishable ID identifier. This ID can be read, for example, by means of a barcode, QR code, RFID chip and/or NFC arranged on the end device.
  • the output position of the terminal device is detected.
  • the output position is the geographical position at which a terminal is output by an output device.
  • the output position is usually different from the end position of the terminal, with the end position of a terminal designating the (true) position of a terminal within an early forest fire detection system.
  • the output position is assigned to an identified end device.
  • data from the output position and the identification of the terminal device are stored.
  • the output position of each end device is assigned to the respective end device. The output position of each end device is therefore known by means of the method according to the invention.
  • the identification takes place by reading a barcode, QR code, an RFID chip or via NFC, with the barcode and/or the corresponding chips being arranged on or in the terminal device.
  • the reading takes place immediately before the end device is output.
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite Systems
  • the ballistic data of an output from the terminal device are determined. In a further development of the invention, the ballistic data include the speed and/or direction of movement at the time when the terminal devices are output, of an output device used to output the terminal device.
  • the ballistic data also includes, for example, the output position and altitude as well as other parameters such as air pressure, humidity, air temperature, wind direction and strength.
  • the ballistic data is at least partially known during the movement of the dispensing device and/or is determined during the movement of the dispensing device.
  • an impact position of the end device is determined from the ballistic data and the output position.
  • the impact position refers to the position of the terminal at which the terminal first touches the ground and/or becomes entangled in a plant after the terminal has been deployed.
  • the impact position of the terminal like the output position of the terminal, is different from the final position of the terminal.
  • the impact position of the terminal device determined using the ballistic data and the output position of the terminal device deviates from the end position of the terminal device.
  • the impact position can be verified using data from triangulation measurements with other end devices, for example by measuring the propagation time of electromagnetic radio signals.
  • the end device is ejected and/or dropped by means of an output device.
  • the output device is preferably part of a means of transport such as an aircraft, e.g. a helicopter, airplane, airship, hot air balloon. It is also possible to use ballistic missiles, e.g. rockets. However, the output device can also be part of a water or ground vehicle, also designed for off-road use, or a hovercraft.
  • the means of transport of the dispensing device can be manned or unmanned, automatically and/or autonomously controlled and/or remotely controllable.
  • the end device performs sensor functions and/or gateway functions during operation of the early forest fire detection system in addition to communicating with other components of the early forest fire detection system.
  • the terminal device is a sensor for detecting a forest fire and has a sensor unit that detects a forest fire using optical and/or electronic methods, for example.
  • a forest fire produces a large number of gases, in particular carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
  • the type and concentration of these gases are characteristic of a forest fire and can be detected and analyzed using suitable sensors.
  • the signals detected by the sensor unit are analyzed with regard to the concentration of the composition of the gases.
  • the temperature of the ambient air can be detected by means of the sensor unit.
  • their temperature is an indicator of a forest fire.
  • LoRaWAN uses a star network architecture in which all end devices communicate via the most suitable gateway. These gateways take over the routing and, if there is more than one gateway within range of a terminal device and the local network is overloaded, they can also redirect the communication to an alternative.
  • LoRaWAN The star network architecture of LoRaWAN allows the end devices to switch to the energy-saving idle state for long periods of time and thus ensures that the battery of the end devices is loaded as little as possible and can therefore be operated for several years without changing the battery.
  • a gateway acts as a bridge between simple protocols (LoRa / LoRaWAN) optimized for battery life, which are better suited for resource-constrained end devices, and the Internet Protocol (IP), which is used to provide loT services and applications. After the gateway has received the data packets, e.g.
  • a terminal can also be designed in such a way that it also performs gateway functions in addition to the sensor function.
  • the early forest fire detection system only needs one single component to operate.
  • the output position includes the output position itself, the output position associated with the identification of the terminal, and/or data determined from the output position. Next to the actual output position, the output position is assigned an identification of each individual terminal.
  • the release position can also include the ballistic data of the release position. All of this data is stored.
  • Fig. 1 Forest fire early detection system according to the invention, connection via
  • Fig. 2 b Distribution of the end devices in the forest fire early warning system, deviation of impact position - end position
  • Fig. 3 Terminal according to the invention
  • Fig. 4b Top view of a braking device
  • Fig. 4 c Side view of a braking device
  • 6a Device for changing the orientation of a terminal device and/or gateway 6b: Alternative embodiment of a device for changing the orientation of a terminal device and/or gateway
  • Fig. 7 b Top view of a collecting device
  • Fig. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an early forest fire detection system 100 according to the invention.
  • each terminal ED is arranged in an end position EP on the ground of the surveillance area W, in this and in all other exemplary embodiments a forest, but the terminals ED can also have end positions EP in a distance from the ground by being arranged in the plants by means of collecting devices 60 (see Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9).
  • the terminals ED are directly connected to a satellite SAT and record the temperature of the ambient air. If the detected temperature exceeds a threshold temperature, the relevant terminal sends ED ID data to the server NS via the satellite SAT and thus detects a forest fire.
  • FIG. 2a An exemplary embodiment of an early forest fire detection system 100 according to the invention in the surveillance area W and the terminals ED arranged therein are shown in FIG.
  • the terminals ED are output using the output device.
  • the terminals ED are dropped in batches (FIG. 2a) in such a way that the output device covers the same distance between the individual drops of a batch.
  • the output trajectories of the individual terminals ED in a batch are different, and the terminals ED in a batch therefore have different impact positions ATF.
  • the individual drops can also take place in a number of delivery positions AP in such a way that a number of delivery positions AP lie along a drop line L1, L2, L3 (FIG. 2a).
  • the drop line L1 has a plurality of output positions AP each of a batch of terminals ED, as do the drop lines L2 and L3. In this way, a large-area distribution of the terminals ED is achieved.
  • a batch of nine terminals ED is dropped for each of the multiple drops at a drop position AP.
  • the batches have more than two, preferably more than five and particularly preferably more than ten terminals ED in such a way that they are dropped across the board, i.e.
  • the installed early forest fire detection system 100 has terminals ED at regular spatial distances from one another (FIG. 2b).
  • the terminal ED itself has a GNSS system and transmits its end position EP in the early forest fire detection system 100 to the internet network server NS.
  • the GPS system requires electrical energy and can fail, particularly during ejection and when the terminal ED hits the ground. Therefore, the determination and calculation of the impact position ATF of the terminal ED takes place within the early forest fire detection system 100.
  • the impact position ATF is different from the (true) end position EP of the terminal ED, which is determined using the inventive method for determining the position of a terminal ED in contrast to the impact position ATF of a terminal ED is not determined.
  • the end position EP differs from the impact position ATF of the terminal device ED.
  • Exact knowledge of the end position EP of a terminal ED in the surveillance area W is irrelevant for the operation of the early forest fire detection system 100 .
  • a scattered distribution of the terminals ED is achieved that there is an average distribution of at least 2 terminals ED/ha, preferably at least 5 terminals ED/ha and particularly preferably at least 10 terminals ED/ha .
  • the average distribution of the terminals ED is 9/ha. It has been found that such a distribution of the terminals ED in the surveillance area W is sufficient to detect a forest fire in the early stages of its formation, e.g. as a smoldering fire.
  • Each end device ED stored in the reservoir has a unique identifier (ID).
  • ID Each ID of each terminal ED is stored on the network server NS.
  • the terminal ED is first clearly identified. This is done by reading a barcode or QR code arranged on the terminal ED.
  • the end device ED can also have an RFID chip whose identifier is read out by means of a reading device based on Near Field Communication (NFC).
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • the output position AP is determined.
  • the position of the means of transport 1 is usually continuously recorded, also in order to control the movement of the means of transport 1 .
  • the terminal ED becomes whose output position AP is determined by means of a GNSS system arranged in the means of transport 1 and assigned to the respective terminal ED.
  • Output position AP and associated identification of the terminal ED are stored.
  • the impact position ATF of a terminal ED is determined and calculated using the ballistic data at the time the terminal ED is released.
  • the ballistic data include, for example, direction of movement, dropping position and height, speed of the output device 10 and the terminal devices ED at the time the terminal devices ED are output, as well as other parameters such as air pressure, humidity, air temperature, wind direction and strength.
  • the ballistic data are at least partially known during the movement of the means of transport 1 and read in from the database and/or are determined during the movement of the means of transport 1, e.g. by means of the position determination system of the means of transport 1.
  • the terminal ED After reaching the end position of the terminal ED, the terminal ED sends an ID signal to the central server NS, on which the end position is stored together with the ID of the respective terminal ED.
  • a terminal ED sends a status report to the server NS at regular time intervals, the status report only including the data for identification (ID data) of the terminal ED.
  • ID data data for identification
  • This sending of the ID status message only requires a maximum of half of the energy stored in the energy store E of the terminal ED (see FIG. 3). This ensures that the energy store E of the terminal ED still has sufficient energy reserves to send a warning message to the server NS in the event of a forest fire.
  • the early forest fire detection system 100 can have a mesh gateway network which is arranged in a forest W and uses the technology of a LoRaWAN network.
  • the forest fire early detection system 100 then has a multiplicity of terminals ED, which are connected to gateways via a single-hop connection FSK.
  • the gateways are connected to each other and partly to border gateways.
  • the border gateways are connected to the internet network server NS, either via a wired connection WN or via a wireless connection using the internet protocol IP.
  • the LoRaWAN network has a star-shaped architecture in which message packets are exchanged between the terminals ED, which have the sensors for detecting a forest fire, and a central Internet network server NS by means of gateways.
  • the terminals ED can also perform its functions like a gateway.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the structure of the terminals ED arranged in the forest fire early warning system 100.
  • the terminal ED has the communication device K, the energy supply E and the sensor S.
  • Each end device ED arranged in the early forest fire detection system 100 has a separate, i.e. unique ID, by means of which the respective end device ED can be clearly identified.
  • the terminal ED is a sensor for detecting a forest fire.
  • the terminal device ED is equipped with an autonomous energy supply E.
  • the energy supply E and the sensor S for detecting the temperature of the ambient air are combined in one device.
  • a bimetal lamella and a piezo element are arranged in the terminal ED.
  • a bimetallic disc has two layers of different metals on top of each other. The two layers are connected to one another by material bonding or by form-fitting material.
  • the energy conversion device is a piezo element and/or an electret-based capacitive converter.
  • This deformation of the bimetal blade due to thermal action is converted into electrical energy by a piezoelectric material, which is deformed or vibrated as the bimetal blade bends.
  • a piezo element generates electrical voltage when force is applied through pressure or vibration, i.e. it uses the kinetic energy that is available in the environment.
  • the output power is largely determined by the mechanical deformation of the bending structure. The greater the deflection, the greater the charge and power generated.
  • the bimetal lamella has a transition temperature at which the bimetal lamella changes from a first latched state to a second latched state.
  • the transition temperature of the bimetal lamella here 80° C., is advantageously the threshold temperature at which the end device ED detects a forest fire.
  • the bimetal lamella generates electrical energy, which is also generated, for example, to send the communication unit K a warning message via the satellite SAT to the server NS immediately before the warning message is sent.
  • the warning message includes the ID data of the terminal ED.
  • the server NS therefore only receives the information as to which terminal ED within the early forest fire detection system 100 exceeded the threshold temperature.
  • the electrical energy generated at the critical temperature can be stored in a supercapacitor.
  • the stored electrical energy can be used in addition to the ID data of the end device ED to send other data, such as the temperature and recorded data from other sensors S that may be arranged in the end device ED, to the server NS.
  • the use of solar cells is somewhat more complex and expensive, but offers a very long service life for the end device ED.
  • a memory and power electronics are also arranged in the end device ED.
  • the energy supply E can also be a supercapacitor, but in the simplest case a battery can also be used, which can also be designed to be rechargeable.
  • the terminal ED then has a continuous power supply E, with which the terminal ED is able to send a status report to the server NS at regular time intervals, here every 24 h, to indicate the functionality of the terminal ED.
  • the status report only has the ID data of the terminal ED, not its end position EP within the early forest fire detection system 100. As explained, the end position EP of a terminal ED is not precisely known.
  • a terminal ED can have additional sensors S.
  • the sensor unit S can also be designed in two stages and have a plurality of sensors for detecting a forest fire.
  • a forest fire produces a large number of gases, in particular carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
  • the type and concentration of these gases are characteristic of a forest fire and can be detected and analyzed using suitable sensors.
  • the signals detected by the sensor unit S are analyzed with regard to the concentration of the composition of the gases. If a concentration of the gases is exceeded, a forest fire is detected.
  • the temperature of the gases can be analyzed using the sensor unit S.
  • their temperature is an indicator of a forest fire.
  • the combination of the analyzed concentrations of the composition of the gases and/or the analyzed temperatures indicates the occurrence and/or presence of a forest fire.
  • the type, composition and temperature of the gases produced during a forest fire also point to the development of a forest fire. This makes it possible to detect an emerging forest fire and to initiate its fight at an early stage.
  • the communication device K transmits messages from the terminal ED, in particular measurement data and the ID signal, as a data packet wirelessly to a satellite SAT or a plurality of satellites SAT or, in the case of using a LoRaWAN, by means of a single-hop connection via LoRa (chirping frequency spread modulation) or frequency modulation sent to a gateway G.
  • the communication device K has only one transmission device, the terminal ED can therefore not receive any data via the communication device K.
  • the end device ED is therefore designed to be lighter, simpler and cheaper, and its power consumption is also reduced.
  • the end device ED has a mass of less than 500 g, preferably less than 250 g and particularly preferably less than 200 g. In this embodiment, the mass of the terminal ED is 50g.
  • FIG. 4 An exemplary embodiment of a braking device 30 arranged on a terminal ED is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the terminal ED has a wing T1 in the form of a wing (FIG. 4c) such that the center of mass of the terminal ED with the braking device 30 is not arranged in its geometric center (Fig. 4a, b).
  • the end device ED with the braking device 30 arranged therefore has different cW values in different directions in space.
  • the terminal ED After the terminal ED is released with the braking device 30 in place, it moves towards the ground with increasing speed due to gravity. In flight, the end device ED lays flat with the braking device 30 in place and begins to rotate about an axis passing through the end device ED. This auto-rotation takes place in such a way that the terminal ED is on the inside and the one-sided wing T1 is on the outside. The autorotation enables the end device ED to optimally expose the wing surface to the airflow and thereby reduce the rate of descent.
  • the helical circular surface is generated by the auto-rotation of the wing T 1 with the wing surface around the vertical axis. Air flows through this circular surface of the screw from bottom to top.
  • the flight direction of the terminal ED is also changed in relation to the direction of movement of the means of transport 1, e.g. due to the prevailing air direction (wind direction).
  • the distribution of the plurality of terminals ED ejected in batches within the Forest fire early detection system 100 is thus guaranteed over a larger area.
  • Fig. 5 shows a variant of the previous embodiment (see Fig. 4).
  • the end device ED has the braking device 30 with two support surfaces T1, T2, the area of the two support surfaces T1, T2 being different from one another.
  • the supporting surfaces T1, T2 are arranged on opposite sides of the terminal ED (FIGS. 5a, b), their cross sections are at an angle to one another (FIG. 5c).
  • the terminal ED is also set in rotation, the rate of fall and thus the risk of damage to the terminal ED are reduced.
  • FIG. 6 shows exemplary embodiments of devices arranged on the terminal ED for changing the external shape 40 and devices arranged on the terminal ED for changing the orientation 50.
  • a simple but effective method for changing the orientation during the flight and/or in the event of the terminal ED after it Dropping is an arrangement of the center of mass SP not in the geometric center of the spherical end device ED, but away from it (FIG. 6a).
  • the air resistance of the terminal ED is therefore changed during flight and/or fall.
  • the end device ED thereby gets into a spin during its flight and/or fall and thus changes its direction in relation to the direction of movement of the means of transport 1 , whereby the distribution of the plurality of end devices ED ejected in batches within the early forest fire detection system 100 over a larger area is achieved.
  • Another method for changing the orientation of the terminal ED during flight and/or in the event of its dropping is to shape the terminal ED externally into an external shape that is not spherical (FIG. 6b). As a result, this end device ED also spins during its flight and/or fall and thus changes its direction in relation to the direction of movement of the means of transport 1.
  • a number of effects are achieved by arranging a parachute as a braking device 30 and at the same time as a device for changing the external shape 40 on the terminal ED (FIG. 6c).
  • the parachute 30, 40 is usually wrapped around the terminal ED and opens immediately after the terminal ED is dropped.
  • the parachute 30, 40 increases the air resistance during the flight and/or fall of the terminal ED such that the rate of fall of terminal ED is reduced such that the risk of damage to terminal ED upon impact with the ground is reduced.
  • the air resistance of the terminal ED is increased during its flight and/or fall in such a way that the terminal ED is caught by the prevailing air direction (wind direction).
  • the distribution of the plurality of end devices ED ejected in batches within the early forest fire detection system 100 over a larger area is thus made possible.
  • the parachute 30, 40 can serve as a catching device 60.
  • the parachute 30, 40 is capable of being caught in a plant such as the crown of a tree.
  • the terminal ED is then arranged within the early forest fire detection system 100 in such a way that the terminal ED is at a distance from the ground. The risk of subsequent damage to the terminal ED, for example by animals and/or vandalism, is reduced in this way.
  • FIG. 7 Another exemplary embodiment of a collecting device 60 is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the terminal ED has a spherical shape, and the collecting device 60 is attached to the spherical surface (FIG. 7a).
  • the collecting device 60 has three arms, each of which has a solid ball at one end (FIGS. 7 b, c).
  • the catching device 60 is suitable for getting caught in a plant by the balls getting caught in branches of trees, for example.
  • Fig. 8 shows another embodiment of a collecting device 60, which is designed as a net.
  • the end device ED also has a spherical shape, and the collecting device 60 is attached to the spherical surface (FIG. 8a).
  • the net 60 has a hexagonal external shape (FIG.
  • the meshes of the net 60 being suitable for getting caught in plants.
  • the net 60 is wrapped around the terminal ED before it is dropped and opens immediately after the terminal ED is dropped.
  • the air resistance of the terminal ED is increased during its flight and/or fall, and the flight or fall speed of the terminal ED is thus reduced.
  • FIG. 9 A further exemplary embodiment of a collecting device 60 is shown in FIG. 9.
  • the collecting device 60 has an unfolding and/or folding mechanism.
  • the terminal ED is also designed as a sphere.
  • the collecting device 60 is folded in before the terminal ED is dropped (FIGS. 9a, b) and is not functional.
  • the unfolding and/or folding mechanism unfolds the catching device 60 (FIG. 9c) in such a way that the respective ends of the catching device 60, which are hook-shaped, can get caught in a plant.
  • the catching device 60 is also designed in this exemplary embodiment such that the unfolded catching device 60 (FIG. 9d) increases the air resistance of the terminal ED during its flight and/or fall and thus reduces the flight or fall speed of the terminal ED.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
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  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
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  • Fire Alarms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de détection précoce d'incendie de forêt, comprenant les étapes de procédé consistant à mesurer une température au moyen d'un terminal et à transmettre des données d'identification du terminal à un serveur, la position du terminal étant inconnue. L'invention concerne en outre un terminal d'un système de détection précoce d'incendie de forêt comprenant une alimentation électrique autonome, un dispositif de communication et un dispositif de commande de vol, qui est conçu et approprié pour modifier la vitesse de chute du terminal et/ou de la direction de vol.
EP22835393.4A 2021-12-15 2022-12-13 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de détection précoce d'incendie de forêt Pending EP4449385A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021133219.2A DE102021133219A1 (de) 2021-12-15 2021-12-15 Verfahren zur Installation eines Waldbrandfrüherkennungs- und/oder Waldbrandgefahrenüberwachungssystems
PCT/EP2022/085709 WO2023110933A1 (fr) 2021-12-15 2022-12-13 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de détection précoce d'incendie de forêt

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EP4449385A1 true EP4449385A1 (fr) 2024-10-23

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EP22835393.4A Pending EP4449385A1 (fr) 2021-12-15 2022-12-13 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de détection précoce d'incendie de forêt
EP22835395.9A Pending EP4449387A1 (fr) 2021-12-15 2022-12-13 Procédé d'installation d'un terminal d'un système de détection précoce d'incendie de forêt
EP22835394.2A Pending EP4449386A1 (fr) 2021-12-15 2022-12-13 Procédé de détermination de la position d'un terminal d'un système de détection précoce d'incendie de forêt

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EP22835395.9A Pending EP4449387A1 (fr) 2021-12-15 2022-12-13 Procédé d'installation d'un terminal d'un système de détection précoce d'incendie de forêt
EP22835394.2A Pending EP4449386A1 (fr) 2021-12-15 2022-12-13 Procédé de détermination de la position d'un terminal d'un système de détection précoce d'incendie de forêt

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US (3) US20250046167A1 (fr)
EP (3) EP4449385A1 (fr)
CN (3) CN118541739A (fr)
CA (3) CA3240261A1 (fr)
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WO (3) WO2023110935A1 (fr)

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WO2025048970A1 (fr) * 2023-08-30 2025-03-06 WildStar, LLC Système et procédé de détection de feu de forêt

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US6556942B1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2003-04-29 Ut-Battelle, Llc Short range spread-spectrum radiolocation system and method
WO2005027069A1 (fr) * 2003-08-18 2005-03-24 Idas Informations-, Daten- Und Automationssysteme Gmbh Systeme d'alarme incendie
US8836580B2 (en) * 2005-05-09 2014-09-16 Ehud Mendelson RF proximity tags providing indoor and outdoor navigation and method of use
US8988284B2 (en) * 2008-08-14 2015-03-24 Barry Brucker System and method for tracking lost subjects
US20130321149A1 (en) * 2011-02-10 2013-12-05 Raoul Wallenberg 14A System and method for forest fire control
US9251698B2 (en) * 2012-09-19 2016-02-02 The Boeing Company Forest sensor deployment and monitoring system
CA2829914C (fr) * 2012-12-07 2016-07-05 The Boeing Company Systeme de surveillance et de deploiement de capteurs forestiers
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US10949579B2 (en) * 2017-02-22 2021-03-16 Middle Chart, LLC Method and apparatus for enhanced position and orientation determination
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US20230338760A1 (en) * 2022-04-20 2023-10-26 SenseNet Inc. Systems, methods, and devices for early wildfire detection and prediction

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WO2023110933A1 (fr) 2023-06-22
EP4449387A1 (fr) 2024-10-23
EP4449386A1 (fr) 2024-10-23
US20250046167A1 (en) 2025-02-06
CN118414646A (zh) 2024-07-30
WO2023110934A1 (fr) 2023-06-22
US20250153859A1 (en) 2025-05-15
CA3240252A1 (fr) 2023-06-22
US20250044398A1 (en) 2025-02-06
WO2023110935A1 (fr) 2023-06-22
CA3240261A1 (fr) 2023-06-22
CA3240265A1 (fr) 2023-06-22
DE102021133219A1 (de) 2023-06-15
CN118215948A (zh) 2024-06-18
CN118541739A (zh) 2024-08-23

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