EP4448642A1 - Composition de caoutchouc pour applications dynamiques ou statiques, son procédé de préparation et produits l'incorporant - Google Patents
Composition de caoutchouc pour applications dynamiques ou statiques, son procédé de préparation et produits l'incorporantInfo
- Publication number
- EP4448642A1 EP4448642A1 EP22840797.9A EP22840797A EP4448642A1 EP 4448642 A1 EP4448642 A1 EP 4448642A1 EP 22840797 A EP22840797 A EP 22840797A EP 4448642 A1 EP4448642 A1 EP 4448642A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- rubber composition
- precursor mixture
- composition
- phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 309
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 30
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 7
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 5
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 5
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920006285 olefinic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920003244 diene elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 3
- KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(prop-2-enyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound C=CCN1C(=O)N(CC=C)C(=O)N(CC=C)C1=O KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-undecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC=C DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012952 Resampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100021202 Desmocollin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000968043 Homo sapiens Desmocollin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000880960 Homo sapiens Desmocollin-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006125 amorphous polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLLYOYVKQDKAHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;2-methylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C=CC=C.CC(=C)C=C VLLYOYVKQDKAHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001864 heat-flux differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010801 machine learning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000489 osmium tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012285 osmium tetroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006135 semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006014 semi-crystalline thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006342 thermoplastic vulcanizate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiabendazole Chemical compound S1C=NC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=C1 WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L7/00—Compositions of natural rubber
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
- C08J3/247—Heating methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/10—Materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2307/00—Characterised by the use of natural rubber
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2423/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2423/12—Polypropene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/18—Spheres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2312/00—Crosslinking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/06—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers
- C09K2200/0607—Rubber or rubber derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2200/00—Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers
- C09K2200/06—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers
- C09K2200/0615—Macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. prepolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C09K2200/0617—Polyalkenes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a crosslinkable rubber composition, its preparation process, a crosslinked rubber composition, a mechanical member with dynamic function and a sealing element of which at least a part comprises this crosslinked rubber composition.
- the invention applies in particular to all industrial applications using crosslinked rubber compositions, including said mechanical member with dynamic function, in particular chosen from anti-vibration supports and elastic joints for motor vehicles or industrial devices, and said sealing element in particular chosen from seals for vehicle bodywork and sealing profiles for buildings, without limitation.
- the reinforcement of elastomers within rubber compositions is carried out by adding fillers such as carbon black or silica, in order to improve the mechanical properties of the compositions thanks to the hydrodynamic effect and the interactions between the elastomer and the fillers, on the one hand, and between the fillers themselves, on the other hand.
- fillers in powder form are dispersed in the rubber by thermomechanical work during the mixing of the ingredients of the composition, except for the crosslinking system, by heating the mixture to a maximum temperature usually below 150° C., typically between 100 and 130 °C for an ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) type rubber filled with carbon black.
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer
- G’ real part of G* called storage or elastic modulus, G’ characterizing the rigidity or the viscoelastic behavior of the composition (i.e. the energy conserved and totally restored); And
- G imaginary part of G* called loss or dissipation modulus, G” characterizing the viscous behavior of the composition (i.e. the energy dissipated in the form of heat, it being specified that the ratio G”/G' defines the tan delta loss).
- This ratio typically corresponds to G', measured at a low amplitude of dynamic deformation, relative to G' measured at a high amplitude of dynamic deformation, with the two modules G' which are measured at the same frequency and at the same temperature (e.g. G' 0.5% / G' 20%).
- G′ 0.5%/G′ 20% is usually between 1.80 and 2.00 for a rubber composition based on a polyisoprene (IR) and reinforced with 40 phr of a black of grade N330 carbon in order to be usable in dynamic applications (phr: parts by weight per 100 parts of elastomer).
- IR polyisoprene
- phr parts by weight per 100 parts of elastomer
- US Pat. No. 8,247,494 B2 discloses, to overcome the aforementioned drawback of high hysteretic losses of conventionally filled compositions, a rubber composition which may be devoid of carbon black and silica which is reinforced by a thermoplastic resin dispersed in the form of discrete domains in a continuous phase of a cross-linked olefinic rubber. This document teaches to crosslink the rubber exclusively by hydrosilylation, for the formation of silicon crosslinking bridges.
- US 3,965,055 A relates to a rubber composition, in which a semi-crystalline thermoplastic resin (a polypropylene in the examples) is dispersed in an elastomer according to particles of transverse dimension D of at most 500 nm and of factor of shape (length L/D) at least equal to 2, by mixing above the melting point of the resin then crosslinking without constraint of the composition below said melting point.
- a semi-crystalline thermoplastic resin a polypropylene in the examples
- the mixture obtained by a step A of mixing is cooled during a step B below said melting point (for example at room temperature), then the cooled mixture is placed during a step C on another mixer maintained at a temperature low enough to prevent scorching of the mixture, and the crosslinking system is incorporated into the mixture at a temperature of 150 to 170°F in the examples (65 to 93°C), after which, during a step D , the composition obtained is shaped below said melting point, then the article is crosslinked during a step E.
- the mechanical work of the crosslinkable composition is thus carried out cold during step C.
- WO 2020/225498 A1 in the name of the Applicant discloses a crosslinkable rubber composition based on an elastomer, which comprises a crosslinking system and a thermoplastic phase which has at least a melting point Tm and which is dispersed in nodules (eg spherical or ellipsoidal), the crosslinking system comprising sulfur when the elastomer is unsaturated and said phase comprises saturated chains, and a peroxide when the elastomer is saturated.
- Tm melting point
- nodules eg spherical or ellipsoidal
- the composition comprises the product: a) of a melt reaction by thermomechanical working of the elastomer and of the other ingredients except the crosslinking system, with heating of the mixture to a temperature above Tm maintained for a holding time , to obtain a precursor mixture of the composition, then b) mechanical working of the precursor mixture with addition of the crosslinking system to obtain the crosslinkable composition.
- stage b) of mechanical work (known as acceleration on cylinders) is implemented on day D of stage a) of thermomechanical work, after prior cooling of the precursor mixture obtained in a) from 160° C. to a temperature of 30° C.
- the method according to WO 2020/225498 A1 makes it possible to obtain, thanks to said nodules, an improved resistance to scorch for the crosslinkable composition and, for the crosslinked composition, a reinforcement of the same order and improved mechanical properties even after thermo-oxidative aging or by UV radiation, in comparison with a control composition based on the same ingredients except the carbon black which it contains instead of said thermoplastic phase.
- An object of the invention is to provide a rubber composition which not only overcomes the aforementioned drawback of high hysteresis of compositions filled with carbon black or silica, but which also has in particular properties of reinforcement further improved compared to those of the compositions tested in WO 2020/225498 A1.
- a crosslinkable composition according to the invention is based on at least one elastomer and comprises other ingredients which comprise a crosslinking system and a thermoplastic polymeric phase which has at least a melting temperature Tm or softening Tr, a glass transition temperature Tv and, when said phase is partly crystalline, a crystallization temperature Te, said phase being dispersed in said at least one elastomer in the form of particles, the crosslinking system comprising sulfur when said at least at least one elastomer is unsaturated and said phase comprises saturated polymer chains, and comprising a peroxide when said at least one elastomer is saturated, the crosslinkable composition comprising the product: a) of a melt reaction by thermomechanical working of a mixture reaction comprising said at least one elastomer and said other ingredients with the exception of the crosslinking system for obtaining a precursor mixture of the crosslinkable composition, the reaction comprising heating the reaction mixture to a maximum temperature Ta of said mixture reaction which is higher than said at least one temperature T
- said particles comprise filaments or fibrils produced by these steps a) and b), the temperature Tb of the precursor mixture during the mechanical work of step b) being temporarily higher than said crystallization temperature Te when the polymeric phase thermoplastic is partly crystalline, or at said glass transition temperature Tg when the thermoplastic polymeric phase is amorphous.
- composition or the ingredient considered comprises mainly by weight the constituent concerned, i.e. according to a mass fraction greater than 50%, preferably greater than 75 % and up to 100%.
- thermoplastic elastomer/polymer which comprises at least one unsaturation (i.e. double or triple bond) and which is devoid of unsaturation (i.e. without double or triple bond), respectively.
- phase comprises at least one semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer and therefore has at least one melting temperature Tf, softening temperature Tr and a temperature of crystallization Te, in addition to a glass transition temperature Tv (with by definition Tv ⁇ Te ⁇ Tr ⁇ Tf).
- amorphous thermoplastic polymeric phase is meant in the present description that this phase consists of at least one amorphous thermoplastic polymer having a softening temperature Tr, in addition to a glass transition temperature Tv (Tv ⁇ Tr).
- filaments or fibrils is meant in the present description fibers or elongated fibrillated structures (e.g. nanofilaments) which are distinguished from convex solids, such as spheres or ellipsoids, and can for example be of overall transverse width constant along the length (which may be straight, bent or curved) of the filament or fibril.
- convex solids such as spheres or ellipsoids
- the particles dispersed in a composition according to the invention comprise said filaments or fibrils according to a volume fraction greater than 70%, advantageously greater than 80%, or even greater than 90%.
- a crosslinkable composition according to the invention thus unexpectedly allows, following thermomechanical work (with continued heating for a determined period), by said mechanical work at a temperature of the mixture Tb which is temporarily (ie for a given period of time) higher than the threshold Te or Tv (threshold determined by the chosen thermoplastic phase), to obtain a dispersion of this phase in the elastomer matrix in the form of particles, which mainly comprise or consist of these filaments or fibrils with a further optimized interface between the particles and this matrix, thus giving the composition these improved reinforcement properties under static and dynamic stresses.
- the crosslinkable composition according to the invention makes it possible, following its thermal crosslinking via the crosslinking system incorporated in step b) which is adapted to the elastomer-thermoplastic phase pair, to confer on the crosslinked composition has a Shore hardness and mechanical properties that are markedly improved compared to those of the control composition of the same formulation obtained according to the examples of WO 2020/225498 A1.
- thermoplastic phase In general, all semi-crystalline or amorphous thermoplastic polymers can be used as thermoplastic phase, provided that they have a sufficiently high rigidity at room temperature and a plastic or at least deformable character during mixing. .
- the decrease in rigidity can be brought about by the passage, during step b) of mechanical work, of the temperature of the precursor mixture above Te for a phase at least partly crystalline, or at above Tg for an amorphous phase (e.g. consisting of at least one polystyrene as amorphous polymer, with in this example Tg typically being between 80 and 105° C.).
- composition according to the invention characterized by a dispersion of the thermoplastic phase in said at least one elastomer, is not to be confused with a thermoplastic vulcanizate in which the thermoplastic base contains a dispersion of rubber bumps.
- the heating maintenance time in step a) can be at least 10 seconds, preferably being between 10 seconds and 10 minutes, more preferably between 20 seconds and 5 minutes. and for example between 30 seconds and 3 minutes.
- the mechanical work of step b) can be initiated at an initial temperature TbO of the precursor mixture, with TbO > Te or TbO > Tv when the thermoplastic polymer phase is partly crystalline or amorphous, respectively, and preferably the mechanical work of step b) is initiated while said phase is in the molten or softened state in the precursor mixture.
- the mechanical work according to the invention can thus be initiated at a sufficiently high temperature TbO for the thermoplastic phase to change from a non-crystallized or non-vitreous state to a crystallized or vitreous state, respectively, during the stage b), and preferably so that this phase is melted or at least softened in the precursor mixture, which can then be softened, or even almost liquid during the initiation of stage b).
- thermoplastic phase changes from a non-crystallized or non-glassy state to a crystallized or glassy state, respectively , during the first minutes of the mechanical work (i.e. at the start of step b)).
- the mechanical work is initiated at said initial temperature TbO which is between
- thermoplastic polymeric phase is partly crystalline or amorphous, respectively.
- TbO is preferably between Te and Ta or between Tv and Ta, and preferably TbO is between 110 and 220°C.
- the final value of Tb is then lower than Te or Tv as explained above, this final value being able to vary to a large extent depending on the architecture chosen for the mixing and thermal regulation system.
- said crosslinking system is preferably incorporated into the precursor mixture after a period of homogenization of the latter, which period (counted from the initiation of the mechanical work) is for example between 1 min. and 5 minutes, e.g. between 2 min. and 4 mins.
- the initial temperature TbO of the precursor mixture at which step b) is initiated can be such that the mechanical work begins when the precursor mixture is in the molten state (for example liquid or pasty) or in the less softened, before the temperature Tb of the precursor mixture decreases as explained above.
- the precursor mixture then being cooled at the end of the step a) essentially during said mechanical work, so that the precursor mixture is subjected to generally continuous shearing from the initiation of step a) until the end of step b).
- the present invention can indeed result in the fact that the cooling of the precursor mixture from its extraction at the end of step a) is essentially implemented by this shearing, ie almost without cooling to room temperature waiting for mechanical work.
- said particles dispersed in the composition may have at least one of the following morphological characteristics:
- an average equivalent diameter comprised between 30 nm and 300 nm and preferably comprised between 40 nm and 70 nm;
- These particles can thus have the characteristics [(a) (i) and/or (a) (ii) and/or (a) (iii)] and/or [(b) (i) and/or ( b) (ii)], advantageously at least (a) (iii) and (b) (i).
- SEM scanning electron microscopy
- FIF-SEM focused ion beam
- equivalent diameter is thus meant in the present description a diameter of the equivalent sphere which corresponds to the diameter of a sphere which would have the same volume as the particle itself, but not the same projected area.
- mean equivalent diameter here means the arithmetic mean equivalent diameter in number of the equivalent diameters of the particles, i.e. for a sample divided into classes.
- median equivalent diameter we mean here the median dso of the volume distribution, i.e. by definition the equivalent diameter corresponding to the cumulative frequency of 50% which divides the histogram of the relative frequencies into two parts of the same area.
- mean form factor here means the arithmetic mean form factor in number of the particles.
- the crosslinkable composition of the invention may comprise said thermoplastic phase in an amount of between 1 and 150 phr (phr: parts by weight per 100 parts of elastomer(s)) and preferably comprised between 5 and 70 phr (even more preferably between 10 and 30 phr).
- the crosslinkable composition may comprise, as a powder filler dispersed in said at least one elastomer:
- a non-reinforcing inorganic filler other than a silica phr: parts by weight per 100 parts of elastomer(s)
- the crosslinkable composition can be completely devoid of organic or inorganic powder filler.
- filler in the present description one or more individual filler(s) of reinforcing grade(s) or not for the elastomer concerned which is/are dispersed from homogeneously in powder form in the composition (unlike the nodules of the present invention), and by “inorganic filler” is meant a clear filler (sometimes called “white filler”), as opposed to organic fillers such as carbon blacks and graphite, for example .
- composition according to the invention is thus devoid of carbon black or else contains at most 100 phr thereof (preferably at most 50 phr, or even at most 10 phr or even at most 5 phr), and that this composition of the invention may be free of silica and may optionally comprise at most 70 phr of a non-reinforcing inorganic filler, such as chalk or an aluminosilicate such as kaolin, without limitation.
- the crosslinking system comprises sulfur and optionally also a peroxide, said at least one elastomer being a rubber chosen from:
- ethylene-alpha olefin(s) copolymers such as, for example, ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPM) and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (EPDM), and
- thermoplastic polymeric phase comprises at least a saturated polymer preferably chosen from aliphatic or aromatic polyolefins, functionalized or not, such as, for example, homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene or propylene.
- this sulfur crosslinking system comprises in known manner, in addition to sulfur, all or some of the usual vulcanization accelerators and activators.
- ethylene-alpha olefin(s) copolymers for olefinic rubbers mention may generally be made of those derived from ethylene and an alpha-olefin having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms and from preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms, such as propylene, butene-1, pentene-1, hexene-1, 4- methylpentene-1, heptene-1, octene-1, nonene-1, decene-1, undecene-1 and dodecene-1.
- the alpha-olefins chosen from propylene, butene-1, hexene-1, 4-methylpentene-1 and octene-1 are preferred.
- copolymers of isoprene and butadiene for diene rubbers mention may be made, for example, of isoprene-butadiene (BIR) copolymers, copolymers of isoprene and/or butadiene with a vinylaromatic comonomer such as styrene (SIR, SBR, SBIR).
- BIR isoprene-butadiene
- said at least one elastomer is an EPDM whose mass content of units derived from ethylene is between 15% and 80% and said thermoplastic polymeric phase comprises at least one said aliphatic polyolefin chosen from ethylene homopolymers, propylene homopolymers and polypropylene-ethylene-diene terpolymers having a mass content of units derived from ethylene of between 1% and 15%.
- the EPDM that can be used as an elastomer in the composition of the invention can thus have a relatively high mass content of units derived from ethylene of between 60 and 80%, or the opposite. between 15 and 20%.
- the aliphatic polyolefin forming the thermoplastic phase of the invention may be a “PEDM” mainly derived from polypropylene, according to a mass content of at least 80% (with for example between 5 and 15% of ethylene and between 2.5 and 5% diene).
- the crosslinking system comprises a peroxide and optionally also sulfur, said at least one elastomer being saturated and said phase comprising saturated or unsaturated polymer chains, and preferably said at least one elastomer is a silicone rubber, for example chosen from polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), and said phase comprises at least one saturated polymer, for example chosen from phenyl silicone or alkyl silicone resins.
- PDMS polydimethylsiloxanes
- this peroxide crosslinking system can advantageously comprise an organic peroxide as crosslinking agent and a co-crosslinking agent comprising for example triallyl cyanurate (TAC) or triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC).
- TAC triallyl cyanurate
- TAIC triallyl isocyanurate
- silicone rubber it is generally possible to use any polyorganosiloxane, and as a saturated polymer any thermoplastic silicone resin, for example of the alkyl (e.g. methyl) silicone or phenyl silicone type.
- the present invention also relates to a crosslinked rubber composition, which is the product of thermal crosslinking of the crosslinkable composition as defined above by chemical reaction with said crosslinking system.
- This crosslinking can be obtained via a temperature setting of between 140 and 220° C., preferably between 150 and 200° C.
- a crosslinked composition according to the invention may have, like the crosslinkable composition, at least one of the aforementioned morphological characteristics [(a) (i) and/or (a) ( ii) and/or (a) (iii)] and/or [(b) (i) and/or (b) (ii)] for said particles dispersed in the composition.
- said crosslinked rubber composition may have at least one of the following properties (a), (b), (c) and (d):
- these properties (a), (b), (c) and/or (d) are obtained in accordance with said first mode of the invention, i.e. with the crosslinking system which is sulfur, said at least an elastomer which is an olefinic rubber (e.g. EPM or EPDM) or a diene rubber derived from conjugated dienes (e.g. NR), and said thermoplastic phase which comprises a saturated polymer (e.g. aliphatic or aromatic polyolefin, such as for example a homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene or propylene, or a polystyrene).
- a saturated polymer e.g. aliphatic or aromatic polyolefin, such as for example a homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene or propylene, or a polystyrene
- the hardness and the mechanical properties of the crosslinked composition according to the invention are advantageously greater than those of a control composition based on the same ingredients, but obtained according to the method exemplified in WO 2020/225498 A1 (and thereby incorporating nodules, instead of the dispersed filaments or fibrils according to the invention).
- a crosslinked composition according to the invention has static moduli very clearly increased compared to those of the control composition obtained according to the examples of WO 2020/225498 A1, as well as dynamic properties also improved by compared to those of said control composition, including a much higher fatigue strength than that of the latter.
- the crosslinked composition of the invention may be devoid of any powder filler (organic or inorganic).
- the crosslinked composition can thus be completely free of silica.
- a mechanical member with a dynamic function according to the invention is in particular chosen from anti-vibration mounts and elastic joints for motor vehicles or industrial devices, said member comprising at least one elastic part which consists of a rubber composition crosslinked and which is suitable for being subjected to dynamic stresses, and according to the invention said crosslinked composition is as defined above.
- a sealing element according to the invention is in particular chosen from seals for vehicle bodywork and sealing profiles for buildings, said sealing element comprising an elastic part which consists of a crosslinked rubber composition, and according to the invention the crosslinked rubber composition is as defined above.
- composition of the invention for example in a seal ensuring the sealing of a motor vehicle body, it is possible to incorporate into the composition of the invention at most 100 phr of carbon black and between 10 and 60 phr of an inorganic filler other than silica, for example chalk or an aluminosilicate such as kaolin, combined with a metal oxide such as calcium oxide.
- an inorganic filler other than silica for example chalk or an aluminosilicate such as kaolin, combined with a metal oxide such as calcium oxide.
- a process for the preparation according to the invention of a crosslinkable composition as defined above comprises the following steps: a) In an internal mixer, for example tangential or meshing (ie with meshing rotors), or in an extruder with screws, for example twin screws: aO) introducing said at least one elastomer then said other ingredients with the exception of said crosslinking system; a1) thermomechanical work comprising melt mixing of said reaction mixture with the exception of the crosslinking system, to obtain a precursor mixture of the crosslinkable composition; a2) heating of the reaction mixture to said maximum temperature Ta of the reaction mixture which is higher than said at least one melting temperature Tf or softening temperature Tr of the thermoplastic polymer phase, preferably by a difference Ta-Tf or Ta- Tr between 1 and 100°C; a3) stabilization of said heating for a holding time of at least 10 seconds which is preferably between 20 seconds and 5 min.; a4) extraction of the precursor mixture from the internal mixer or the screw extruder; then b) mechanical working of the precursor mixture
- step b) is initiated at a maximum initial temperature TbO of the precursor mixture, with TbO>Te or TbO>Tv when the thermoplastic phase is partially crystalline or amorphous, respectively. More preferably, step b) is initiated while the thermoplastic phase is in the softened state and for example molten in the precursor mixture, the temperature Tb decreasing until Tb ⁇ Te or Tb ⁇ Tv .
- At ⁇ 10 minutes and for example At ⁇ 2 minutes so that AT/Tt ⁇ 10% and for example AT/Tt ⁇ 1%.
- step a4) essentially by the mechanical work of step b), by being subjected to generally continuous shearing from step a1) until the end of step b).
- the difference Ta-Tf or Ta-Tr depending on the case can advantageously be between 5 and 100° C., preferably between 10 and 70° C.
- Ta thus depends on that of Tf or Tr which characterizes the thermoplastic polymeric phase used, and that in the case where the latter is based on an aliphatic polyolefin such as a homopolymer or copolymer propylene, Ta can for example be between 160 and 220° C., preferably between 170 and 200° C., whereas in the case where this thermoplastic phase is an alkyl or phenyl silicone resin, Ta can be for example between 70 and 150°C, preferably between 80 and 120°C.
- the heating of step a2) can be carried out by using: - in said internal mixer: a shear rate of said reaction mixture in the internal mixer of at least 80 s -1 , preferably at least 150 s -1 , for example implemented at a speed of rotation of rotor blades in the internal mixer between 10 and 200 rpm. and preferably between 50 and 120 revolutions/min., and/or of a double wall in the internal mixer receiving a heat transfer fluid, and/or by using a filling rate of the internal mixer greater than 100%; Or
- such a shear rate (for example comprised between 100 and 300 s ⁇ 1 ) can be used in a tangential internal mixer (eg of the Banbury type) or intermeshing (of the Haake type).
- a rotational speed of 200 revolutions/min. is in particular usable for a Haake mixer, while a rotation speed of the order of 100 rpm. is more usable for a Shaw 3.6L blender.
- step b) of mechanical work it should be noted that it could be implemented other than in an external roller mixer or in a conical twin-screw device, provided that the precursor mixture resulting from stage a4) is immediately cooled solely by the mechanical work of stage b), thus being subjected to generally continuous shear between stage a4) and the end of stage b) while passing from an initial molten, softened or at least non-crystallized state to a crystallized state (in the case of a partly crystalline thermoplastic phase), or passing from an initial softened or at least non-vitreous state to a vitreous state (in the case of an amorphous thermoplastic phase).
- Fig. 1 is a relative enthalpy-temperature graph showing the thermal behavior of the “PPH 3060” polypropylene forming the thermoplastic polymer phase in the crosslinkable composition I according to the invention and the control crosslinkable composition C3.
- FIG. 2 is an image obtained by an infrared camera of the precursor mixture of the crosslinkable composition I according to the invention, at the outlet of the internal mixer used in step a).
- FIG. 3 is an image obtained by the infrared camera of the crosslinkable composition I according to the invention, at the outlet of the external mixer used in step b).
- FIG. 5 is a first photograph illustrating the three-dimensional morphology (axes in nm) of the dispersion in the form of polypropylene nodules forming the thermoplastic polymer phase of the control crosslinked composition C3, obtained by segmentation via the FIF-SEM scanning electron microscopy technique (SEM) Focused Ion Beam (FIF).
- SEM FIF-SEM scanning electron microscopy technique
- FIF Focused Ion Beam
- FIG. 6 is a second photograph illustrating the two-dimensional morphology (in nm) of the dispersion in the form of polypropylene nodules in the control crosslinked composition C3, obtained by segmentation using the same FIF-MEB technique.
- Fig. 7 is a second photograph illustrating the two-dimensional morphology (in nm) of the dispersion in the form of polypropylene nodules in the control crosslinked composition C3, obtained by segmentation using the same FIF-MEB technique.
- FIG. 7 is a first snapshot illustrating the three-dimensional morphology (in nm) of the dispersion in the form of polypropylene filaments or fibrils forming the thermoplastic phase of the crosslinked composition I according to the invention, obtained by segmentation via the same FIF-MEB technique as for Figure 5.
- FIG. 8 is a second snapshot illustrating the two-dimensional morphology (in nm) of the dispersion in the form of filaments or fibrils of polypropylene in the crosslinked composition I according to the invention, obtained by segmentation using the same FIF-MEB technique as for FIG. 6 .
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating, after analysis by FIF-SEM, the volume distribution of the equivalent diameters of the filaments or fibrils of the crosslinked composition I according to the invention, and that of the nodules of the control crosslinked composition C3, the equivalent diameters being weighted by their volume fractions in the total dispersed polypropylene.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating, after analysis by FIF-SEM, the number distribution of the form factors of the filaments or fibrils of the crosslinked composition I according to the invention, and that of the form factors of the nodules of the control crosslinked composition C3 .
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating, after analysis by FIF-SEM, the correlations measured for the crosslinked composition I according to the invention and the control crosslinked composition C3, between the form factors of the particles (i.e. filaments or fibrils for I and nodules for C3) and their equivalent diameters.
- Fig. 12 is a graph combining the characteristic stress-strain curves for the crosslinked composition I according to the invention and for the control crosslinked compositions C1, C2 and C3.
- FIG. 13 is a fatigue strength-applied force graph combining the curves of the number of cycles without rupture as a function of the intensity of the forces applied, for the crosslinked composition I according to the invention and the control crosslinked composition C2.
- compositions C1, C2 and C3 control based on the same natural rubber (NR), C1 not being reinforced, C2 being reinforced only by carbon black and C3 being reinforced only by polypropylene nodules (PP abbreviated below), and
- composition I based on the same natural rubber and the same other ingredients as composition C3, but composition I being reinforced by nanofilaments or nanofibrils of the same PP instead of said nodules, and having been obtained by a mixing process different from that used for composition C3, as explained below.
- Table 1 details the formulations in phr (parts by weight per 100 parts of NR elastomer) of the masterbatches (constituting the precursor mixtures obtained by step a) of thermomechanical work, before step b) of work mechanics and the addition of crosslinking systems), and crosslinkable compositions C1 -C3 and I which were derived from these masterbatches.
- the enthalpy diagram of the "PPH 3060" PP used in compositions C3 and I for obtaining the particles dispersed in the NR matrix, as visible in FIG. 1, shows, on the one hand, the melting temperature Tf of PP (upper peak of endothermic transition) which is about 165° C and, on the other hand, the crystallization temperature Te of PP (lower peak of exothermic transition) which is 100-110° C.
- thermoplastic polymeric phase e.g. consisting of "PPH 3060” (with a density of 0.905, measured according to ISO 1183) which includes the measured temperatures Tf, Tr, Te and Tv, as explained below.
- crosslinkable compositions C1-C3 and I mentioned above were prepared using:
- step b) of mechanical work step commonly called “acceleration" on an open roller mixer "Comerio”. More specifically, the following successive steps were implemented to prepare each of the compositions C1-C2, the composition C3 and the composition I, as detailed in the three processes detailed below.
- Tself-heating 150°C.
- Stages a) and b) implemented for the crosslinkable compositions C3 and I Table 2 below compares the implementation of stages a) of thermomechanical mixing and b) of mechanical working as a function of the regulation temperatures used and precisely measured temperatures at the core of the precursor mixture, for the crosslinkable compositions C3 and I.
- FIG. 2 shows the appearance of the precursor mixture of the crosslinkable composition I according to the invention at the outlet of the internal mixer
- the negative of FIG. 3 shows the appearance of this composition I after acceleration on the cylinders of the open mixer (i.e. at the end of the mechanical work), these shots having been obtained by a “FLIR SC660” high-definition infrared camera.
- composition I according to the invention was extracted from the internal mixer at a temperature of 171° C., which was the so-called “dropping” temperature, taken from the heart of the precursor mixture using a “Testo 925” pyrometer. Then the precursor mixture of composition I was immediately deposited on the open roller mixer.
- the crosslinking system was added after 3 min. approximately after tO.
- the PP contained in the precursor mixture of composition I was worked first in the liquid state, then during its crystallization (at approximately 100-110° C.) under shear, i.e. in accordance with the invention as generally defined herein.
- the aforementioned nanofilaments or nanofibrils were therefore obtained, homogeneously dispersed in the crosslinkable composition I, as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8.
- cooling kinetics according to the process of the invention kinetics which in the example of FIG. 4 for composition I is defined by a continuously decreasing temperature with time and then substantially constant resulting in a curve generally convex (ie with concavity facing upwards), nevertheless depends on the quantity of mixture precursor and the equipment used for the mechanical work (dimensions of the cylinders, power of the thermoregulators, etc.).
- the precursor mixture of the crosslinkable composition C3 was left to cool for 20 hours without the slightest shearing (i.e. cooling at rest for almost a day in ambient air).
- Table 3 below details the vulcanization conditions followed (temperature of 155° C. for 20 min.) for compositions C1-C3 and I.
- compositions C3 and I were analyzed by segmentation using the FIF-SEM technique of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with focused ion beam (FIF), known under the name "FIB-SEM” in English. , as explained below.
- Each sample was surfaced beforehand by cryo-ultramicrotomy, to obtain a flat surface.
- the surface obtained was brought into contact with a solution of osmium tetroxide (4% in water) for 3 days.
- a second surfacing of the treated zone was carried out by cryo-ultramicrotomy, to eliminate the surface layer altered by direct contact with osmium.
- 3D tracking exposure time per voxel: 0.6 ps.
- each measured equivalent diameter refers to the diameter of a hypothetical spherical particle of the same volume as the observed particle (the "mean equivalent diameter” refers to the arithmetic mean equivalent diameter in number of the equivalent diameters of the particles for the sample divided into classes , and “median equivalent diameter” refers to the median dso of the volume distribution);
- the shape factor designates the ratio of the greatest length to the smallest width of each particle observed, the width being able to be assimilated to a minimum diameter in the case of an ellipsoidal nodule or a globally cylindrical filament (by " mean form factor >>, means the arithmetic mean form factor in number of the particles);
- total PP volume fraction (on the ordinate in Figure 9) is the ratio of the total volume of class X particles to the total volume of PP (ratio multiplied by 100 to obtain this fraction in % ).
- Table 4 below details the individual analyzes carried out to quantify the morphological parameters of the PP nodules in the crosslinked composition C3, and of the filaments or fibrils dispersed in the crosslinked composition I.
- MDR Moving Die Rheometer
- Shore A hardness according to ASTM D 2240.
- An endurance machine was used as the elastomer test system hydraulic “MTS 831.02”, with a maximum capacity of 25 kN, fitted with a 15 kN load cell and a cylinder with a stroke of +/- 60 mm.
- the test was controlled by the “MTS Flextest 40” software. We used :
- thermoplastic phase dispersed in the crosslinked composition I according to the invention makes it possible, thanks to the aforementioned mixing process, to obtain an overall reinforcement improved for composition I compared to compositions C1 - C3, as shown by the mechanical properties of composition I compared to the three control compositions C1 -C3.
- composition I The tensile curves in FIG. 12 show the reinforcement obtained from composition I, which was significantly higher than that of unreinforced composition C1 and that of composition C3 reinforced with PP nodules, and which was also comparable to that of composition C2 only reinforced with carbon black.
- composition I of the invention was not only 37% higher than that of composition C3 reinforced with PP nodules, but was also 8% higher than that of composition C2 reinforced with carbon black,
- composition I of the invention were very clearly higher than those of composition C3 (by 300%, 197% and 123%, respectively) and were higher (cf. M100 and M200) or comparable (cf. M300) to those of composition C2, and that
- composition I of the invention were satisfactory, being globally of the same order as those of compositions C2 and C3.
- composition I according to the invention shows a significant increase in the dynamic moduli at 15 Hz, at 155 Hz and in the M155/M15 Hz ratio of composition I according to the invention compared with composition C3 reinforced with PP nodules (increase in 77% for M15 Hz and 99% for M155 Hz), which advantageously results in a reduction in the mechanical non-linearities in frequency scanning, for composition I of the invention compared with composition C3.
- composition I of the invention had a fatigue strength greater than 5 million cycles without breaking (test stopped at 5 million cycles), whereas composition C2 was the site of a break at about 500,000 cycles only.
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2113837A FR3130811B1 (fr) | 2021-12-17 | 2021-12-17 | Composition de caoutchouc pour applications dynamiques ou statiques, son procédé de préparation et produits l’incorporant. |
| PCT/FR2022/052324 WO2023111441A1 (fr) | 2021-12-17 | 2022-12-13 | Composition de caoutchouc pour applications dynamiques ou statiques, son procédé de préparation et produits l'incorporant |
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| EP4448642A1 true EP4448642A1 (fr) | 2024-10-23 |
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| EP22840797.9A Pending EP4448642A1 (fr) | 2021-12-17 | 2022-12-13 | Composition de caoutchouc pour applications dynamiques ou statiques, son procédé de préparation et produits l'incorporant |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250129238A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4448642A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025501506A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118632893A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3130811B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023111441A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US3965055A (en) | 1972-09-21 | 1976-06-22 | Uniroyal Inc. | Free curing rubber composition |
| US5157081A (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1992-10-20 | Advanced Elastomer Systems, L.P. | Dynamically vulcanized alloys having two copolymers in the crosslinked phase and a crystalline matrix |
| US9745461B2 (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2017-08-29 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Vulcanized polymer blends |
| US8247494B2 (en) | 2009-11-23 | 2012-08-21 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Thermoset compositions with dispersed thermoplastic resin therein and process for making them |
| FR3095648B1 (fr) | 2019-05-03 | 2021-04-16 | Hutchinson | Composition de caoutchouc pour applications dynamiques ou statiques, son procédé de préparation et produits l’incorporant. |
-
2021
- 2021-12-17 FR FR2113837A patent/FR3130811B1/fr active Active
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2022
- 2022-12-13 US US18/718,525 patent/US20250129238A1/en active Pending
- 2022-12-13 CN CN202280089867.1A patent/CN118632893A/zh active Pending
- 2022-12-13 JP JP2024535854A patent/JP2025501506A/ja active Pending
- 2022-12-13 WO PCT/FR2022/052324 patent/WO2023111441A1/fr not_active Ceased
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| FR3130811B1 (fr) | 2025-09-05 |
| FR3130811A1 (fr) | 2023-06-23 |
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| WO2023111441A1 (fr) | 2023-06-22 |
| US20250129238A1 (en) | 2025-04-24 |
| JP2025501506A (ja) | 2025-01-22 |
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