EP4448041A1 - Blutbehandlungsmaschine zur extrakorporalen blutbehandlung und system zur erkennung von blut oder von blutbestandteilen in einer schlauchleitung - Google Patents
Blutbehandlungsmaschine zur extrakorporalen blutbehandlung und system zur erkennung von blut oder von blutbestandteilen in einer schlauchleitungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4448041A1 EP4448041A1 EP22836054.1A EP22836054A EP4448041A1 EP 4448041 A1 EP4448041 A1 EP 4448041A1 EP 22836054 A EP22836054 A EP 22836054A EP 4448041 A1 EP4448041 A1 EP 4448041A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blood
- light guide
- hose
- machine
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1692—Detection of blood traces in dialysate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
- A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
- A61B5/6866—Extracorporeal blood circuits, e.g. dialysis circuits
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/15—Detection of leaks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3306—Optical measuring means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3306—Optical measuring means
- A61M2205/331—Optical measuring means used as turbidity change detectors, e.g. for priming-blood or plasma-hemoglubine-interface detection
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3306—Optical measuring means
- A61M2205/3313—Optical measuring means used specific wavelengths
Definitions
- the invention relates to the optical detection of blood or blood components in a dialysate line or a filtrate line on a blood treatment machine for extracorporeal blood treatment for the purpose of detecting a dangerous situation for the patient if, in the event of a fault, for example due to a rupture of the semipermeable membrane of the dialyzer or blood filter or if hemolysis occurs in the patient's blood in the extracorporeal blood circuit, blood or blood components pass through the semipermeable membrane of a dialyzer or blood filter to the dialysate side or filtrate side, so that blood or blood components are accidentally lost to the patient with the dialysate or filtrate to be discarded .
- BLD blood leak detectors
- BLD blood leak detectors
- They detect blood or blood components in the dialysate or filtrate to be discarded and thus differ from systems for detecting accidental blood loss from a leaky extracorporeal blood circuit outside the dialyzer or blood filter or directly from the patient's vascular access into the environment, for example if there is an accidental dislocation or disconnection of a cannula or a catheter or a hose connection.
- Known monitoring devices used in extracorporeal blood treatment for detecting the ingress of blood or hemolysis are based, for example, on the spectroscopic evaluation of the red and green spectrum of light.
- blood in the fluid system is detected using an optical measurement method, the decrease in the intensity of the light being evaluated due to the turbidity of the dialysis fluid caused by blood or blood components.
- the intensity of the light emerging from the dialysis fluid changes, which is referred to here as turbidity, with the change in intensity being dependent on the wavelength of the light.
- hemoglobin In addition to blood entering the fluid system as a result of a defect in the dialyzer or filter, for example due to a membrane rupture or a detachment of casting compound, free hemoglobin can also get into the dialysis fluid in the event of hemolysis of the blood during extracorporeal blood treatment.
- Hemolysis is the dissolution (destruction) of the erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood.
- the erythrocytes mainly consist of the oxygen-binding protein hemoglobin, which gives the erythrocytes and thus also the blood its red color. When hemolysis occurs, the hemoglobin is released.
- hemolysis can occur, for example, as a result of a shearing flow, for example if the blood is subjected to mechanical stresses in a blood-carrying hose line. Such shear flows occur, among other things, when a blood-carrying hose line of the hose line system of the blood treatment device is kinked. However, hemolysis can also be caused systemically by the patient. During extracorporeal blood treatment, hemoglobin can get from the blood side of the dialyzer through the semipermeable membrane to the dialysate side or the filtrate side. The hemoglobin can therefore be detected in the blood using the optical measuring methods known from the prior art.
- a disposable hose line is understood to be a hose line system configured as a single-use or disposable item or such a hose line that is disposed of or discarded after a single use.
- CRRT Continuous Extracorporeal blood treatment
- ICU intensive care units
- the dialysate line or filtrate line are also designed as disposable hose lines, and the required medical solutions such as dialysate and substitution fluid or substitute are provided as ready-to-use solutions in solution bags.
- Such disposable hose lines such as dialysate line or filtrate line, are coupled from the outside to the functional interfaces of the dialysis machine by the user before carrying out an extracorporeal blood treatment.
- a hose section of the dialysate line or filtrate line is inserted into a hose receiving area of a blood leak detector housing which is arranged on the outer surface of the blood treatment machines and is accessible from the outside.
- the blood leak detector housing contains at least one light source, optical sensors and measurement electronics. The measurement signal is conducted by means of electrical lines from the blood leak detector housing into the interior of the blood treatment machine to its regulating and control device.
- Electromagnetic compatibility (abbreviation: EMV) describes the property of a technical device not to disturb other devices through electrical or electromagnetic effects or to be disturbed by other devices (interference immunity).
- EMV Electromagnetic compatibility
- the freely accessible arrangement of the blood leak detector housing on the outer surface of the blood treatment machines inevitably means that the known blood leak detectors are exposed to electromagnetic radiation from the environment and the blood leak detector housing therefore usually has its own electrically conductive shielding against electromagnetic radiation.
- Such a blood leak detector is known, for example, from the multiFiltratePRO acute dialysis machine from the applicant Fresenius Medical Care GmbH. If the terms "susceptible to interference” or “immunity to interference” are used here, interference from electromagnetic radiation is always meant. Summary of the Invention
- One object of the present invention is to reduce the susceptibility of the blood leak detector to interference, in particular that of the particularly interference-sensitive phototransistors, to electromagnetic radiation from the environment of the dialysis machine.
- a further object is to be able to completely do without a cost-intensive and assembly-intensive electrically conductive sheet metal shielding of the blood leak detector housing with connection of the electrically conductive sheet metal shielding to the protective conductor, without at the same time increasing the susceptibility of the blood leak detector to electromagnetic radiation from the environment of the dialysis machine.
- a further object of the present invention is to increase the sensitivity of the blood leak detector, in particular in such a way that a calculated blood loss of 0.35 ml/min or even less is reliably detected over the entire range of the usual flow rates of dialysate or filtrate or effluent can.
- Another object of the present invention is to reduce the manufacturing cost of the blood leak detector.
- a further object is to reduce the maintenance and repair costs of the blood leak detector, in particular by increasing the reliability and the service life and a maintenance- and repair-friendly design.
- One object is to provide an alternative blood leak detector without having to change the proven measurement and evaluation method, in particular without software changes to the measurement and evaluation algorithm.
- Another object is to provide an alternative blood leak detector available without the proven handling of the known blood leak detector in the practice operation has to be changed, in particular without the users having to be specially trained and in particular without the instructions for use for the user having to be changed.
- a further object is to counteract aging of the green LED, which, in order to be able to provide the required high light intensity, usually has to be operated with high wear at its specified maximum electric current.
- a further object is to ensure a simple and easy-to-repair structure of the blood leak detector despite the cramped space conditions in the blood leak detector housing and the cramped space conditions at the front of the dialysis machine, to simplify the assembly of the blood leak detector and thereby save assembly costs.
- the present invention relates to a medical system for the optical detection of at least one blood component in a hose line on a blood treatment machine for extracorporeal blood treatment, having the features of claims 1 to 17.
- the present invention also relates to a blood treatment machine (1000) for extracorporeal blood treatment, having the features of the claims 18 to 20
- the system according to the invention has a blood treatment machine for extracorporeal blood treatment with a machine housing.
- the machine housing can be characterized in that it accommodates at least one electronic control and regulation device for controlling and regulating an extracorporeal blood treatment.
- the interior of the machine housing in particular on the inside of an outer wall, also accommodates at least one or more electric drive motors for driving at least one pump from the group blood pump, dialysis liquid pump, dialysate pump, filtrate pump, effluent pump.
- the machine housing has a base with four castors, so that the machine housing with its castors can stand on the floor and can be pushed to another location by the user.
- the system according to the invention has an electrically conductive shield against electromagnetic radiation, which at least partially shields an inner area of the shield against electromagnetic radiation from an outer area of the shield.
- the electrically conductive electromagnetic radiation shield is an electromagnetic radiation shield of the machine housing that at least partially shields an inner area of the machine housing from electromagnetic radiation from an area outside the machine housing.
- the electrically conductive shielding of the machine housing consists of only one electrically conductive metal sheet or mesh behind a plastic machine housing front. In other embodiments, the electrically conductive shielding of the machine housing can shield the interior of the machine housing against external electromagnetic radiation on several sides or on all sides.
- a further or alternative electrically conductive shielding can be provided in the inner area or the outer area of the machine housing.
- the electrically conductive shield is a shield can.
- the shielding case at least partially shields an interior area of the shielding case from electromagnetic radiation from an area outside the shielding case.
- the shielding housing can consist of or contain an electrically conductive material, particularly preferably an electrically conductive sheet metal.
- the shielding housing can accommodate the interference-sensitive components of the system according to the invention.
- the shield case can be arranged in the inner area of the machine housing or in the outer area of the machine housing.
- the shielding housing can be arranged inside the electrically conductive shielding of the machine housing.
- the shield case may be attached to the machine case from the outside.
- the shield case can be arranged in the outer area of the machine case without being connected to the machine case.
- the shielding housing can accommodate other interference-sensitive components of the extracorporeal blood treatment machine, for example a control and regulation device and/or one or more CPUs (abbreviation: CPU, English: Central Processing Unit).
- a control and regulation device and/or one or more CPUs (abbreviation: CPU, English: Central Processing Unit).
- the system according to the invention also has a hose receiving device which is arranged in the area outside the electrically conductive shielding against electromagnetic radiation.
- the hose-receiving device has a hose-receiving area that is configured for reversibly holding a hose section of a medical hose line, in particular from the group of filtrate line, dialysate line, effluent line, for carrying out an extracorporeal blood treatment using the blood treatment machine for extracorporeal blood treatment.
- the hose receiving device can be arranged on an outer surface of the machine housing.
- the hose-receiving device and/or the hose-receiving area is configured for reversibly holding the hose section by pressing it in with elastic deformation of the hose section behind an undercut or behind a cross-sectional constriction of the hose-receiving area and/or for form-fitting holding by means of a housing door or housing flap.
- the hose receiving device is alternatively or additionally configured for positive and/or non-positive retention of the hose section in the hose receiving area by means of a housing door or a housing flap.
- the housing door or the housing flap can be pivoted or rotatably mounted on the hose receiving device by means of a hinge, so that the housing door or the housing flap from a first, closed position in which it covers the hose receiving area and prevents a hose section according to the invention from falling out or being removed from the hose receiving area , Can be pivoted or twisted into a second, open position, in which the user can remove the hose section from the hose receiving area or insert the hose section into the hose receiving area.
- the hose receiving device can have a lock for the housing door or the housing flap, so that the housing door or the housing flap cannot be pivoted or rotated relative to the hose receiving device when the lock is in the first, closed position.
- the lock for the housing door or the housing flap can be designed in particular as a locking device with a locking bar on the hose receiving device.
- the system according to the invention makes it possible to connect all components that are sensitive to interference from electromagnetic radiation, such as LEDs, phototransistors and the drive circuit to be able to arrange a printed circuit board outside the hose receiving device, in particular spatially separated from the hose receiving device, within the shielding of the machine housing of the blood treatment machine and/or within the shielding housing.
- electromagnetic radiation such as LEDs, phototransistors and the drive circuit
- the hose receiving device according to the invention therefore has no LEDs, no sensors, no electrical components and/or electronic components and no electrical lines or conductor tracks or electrical cables or does not contain any such.
- This is advantageous according to the invention because it reduces the sensitivity of the system to electromagnetic radiation from the environment of the dialysis machine, in particular the sensitivity to interference of the interference-sensitive phototransistors, since these are not included in the hose receiving device, which is particularly exposed to high-frequency electromagnetic radiation from the environment.
- the use of light guides in the system according to the invention also makes it possible to further improve the electrical safety of the patient by reducing patient leakage currents, because susceptible air and creepage distances in the area of the hose receiving device are avoided entirely if, according to the invention, no electrical components are arranged in the hose receiving device.
- the hose receiving device according to the invention has no or no own electrically conductive shielding against electromagnetic radiation or does not contain such. According to the invention, this is advantageous because a simpler and easier-to-repair structure can be ensured despite the cramped space conditions in the tube receiving device and the cramped space conditions at the front of the dialysis machine.
- the system according to the invention has an electronic measuring device which has an electric light source which, when switched on, emits light into the emits the first light guide and has an optical sensor which receives light emerging from the second light guide, the electronic measuring device being arranged in the inner region of the electrically conductive shield.
- the electronic measuring device comprises, in addition to the optical sensor, a further optical sensor comprising a further phototransistor which is directly illuminated by the light source, when switched on, bypassing the first light guide and the second light guide.
- the additional phototransistor can be arranged and switched in the electronic measuring device as a reference phototransistor, the reference phototransistor being directly illuminated by the light source during operation, bypassing the first light guide and the second light guide.
- the optical sensor in the electronic measuring device, is spatially separated from the electric light source by an opaque barrier, so that no light can hit the optical sensor directly, bypassing the first light guide and the second light guide from the light source.
- the electrical light source has at least one LED (Light Emitting Diode) with a green color spectrum and at least one LED with a red color spectrum.
- LED Light Emitting Diode
- the electric light source therefore has at least one second LED with a green color spectrum, the first LED with a green color spectrum and the second LED with a green color spectrum being arranged and connected adjacently on a common printed circuit board for simultaneous light generation.
- this also increases the sensitivity of the blood leak detector because the light intensity of two or more LEDs is higher than that of a single LED despite the reduced electrical operating current, in particular so that a calculated blood loss of 0.35 ml/min or even less than the entire range of the usual flow rates of the dialysate or the filtrate or the effluent can be reliably detected.
- the system according to the invention has a first light guide, which is configured as an illumination source leading to the tube receiving area, with a first end section and a second end section, and has a second light guide with a third end section and a fourth end section, the second light guide being in addition to the first light guide is present and is configured as a light guide leading away from the tube receiving area for the transmission of light emerging from the tube section.
- the medical system for the optical detection of at least one blood component in a hose line on a blood treatment machine for extracorporeal blood treatment has an opening area in the electrically conductive shielding against electromagnetic radiation, with the first light guide and the second light guide leading from the outer area through the opening area into the inner Area of shielding are performed.
- opening area always describes all housing openings through which the first light guide and the second light guide must be routed in order to be routed from the hose receiving device in the outer area of the shielding to the measuring device in the inner area of the electrically conductive shielding, and regardless of where the housing openings are arranged and through how many housing openings the first light guide and the second light guide must be guided and regardless of how many shields are provided and regardless of how the various shields are spatially arranged.
- the term “opening area” also includes embodiments in which more than just one shield is provided, for example in which a first shield at least partially encloses a second shield or in which a first shield and a second shield are spatially separated.
- the invention therefore includes special embodiments in which the electrically conductive shielding against electromagnetic radiation is one or only one shielding of the machine housing against electromagnetic radiation.
- Other specific embodiments are also encompassed by the invention, in which the electrically conductive shield against electromagnetic radiation is a shield housing.
- the invention covers embodiments in which the shielding housing is arranged inside or outside the machine housing of the blood treatment machine.
- the invention also covers specific embodiments in which the shielding housing is present in addition to the shielding of the machine housing of the blood treatment machine and is arranged inside or outside the shielding of the machine housing of the blood treatment machine.
- the first light guide and the second light guide are either guided through the shielding through a common housing opening or, alternatively, the first light guide is guided through a first housing opening and the second light guide is guided through the shielding through a second housing opening.
- a second shield it is disclosed that the first light guide and the second light guide are routed either through a common third housing opening through the second shield, or alternatively the first light guide through the third housing opening and the second light guide through a fourth housing opening through the second shield be led.
- the system according to the invention has a first housing opening, which penetrates a wall of the machine housing and/or the shielding of the machine housing of the blood treatment device for extracorporeal blood treatment, wherein the first housing opening is configured for the passage of the first light guide and the second light guide, and wherein the at least one first light guide and the at least one second light guide are guided through the first housing opening into the inner area of the machine housing or can be guided through the first housing opening into the inner area of the machine housing for installation.
- the system according to the invention alternatively has a first housing opening and a second housing opening, which penetrate a wall of the machine housing and/or the shielding of the machine housing of the blood treatment device for extracorporeal blood treatment, the first housing opening for passing through the first light guide and the second housing opening configured to pass through the second light guide, and wherein the first light guide is guided through the first housing opening into the inner area of the machine housing or, for its installation, can be guided through the first housing opening into the inner area of the machine housing, and wherein the second light guide can be guided through the second housing opening is guided into the inner area of the machine housing or, for its assembly, can be guided through the second housing opening into the inner area of the machine housing.
- the system according to the invention has, as an alternative or in addition to the first housing opening or alternatively or in addition to the first housing opening and second housing opening, a third opening which penetrates a wall of the shielding housing and is configured for the passage of the first light guide and the second light guide , wherein the at least one first light guide and the at least one second light guide are guided through the third housing opening into the inner region of the shielding housing or can be guided through the third housing opening into the inner region of the shielding housing for assembly.
- the system according to the invention has, as an alternative or in addition to the first housing opening or alternatively or in addition to the first housing opening and second housing opening, a third opening and a fourth opening which penetrate through a wall of the shielding housing, the third housing opening being used to pass through the first Light guide and the fourth housing opening is configured for passing through the second light guide, and wherein the first light guide through the third housing opening is led into the inner region of the shielding housing or can be guided into the inner region of the shielding housing through the third housing opening for its installation, and the second optical fiber is led into the inner region of the shielding housing through the fourth housing opening or through the fourth housing opening for its installation can be guided into the inner area of the shield case.
- the first end section of the first light guide in the hose receiving device is aligned with the hose receiving section such that when the hose section is inserted, the light beams emerging from the first end section illuminate the hose section and the second end section of the first light guide is aligned on the electronic measuring device in such a way that the light rays exiting the light source enter the second end portion of the first light guide.
- the third end section of the second light guide in the hose receiving device is aligned with the hose receiving section such that when the hose section is inserted, the light rays passing through the hose section enter the third end section of the second light guide and the fourth end section of the second light guide is aligned on the electronic measuring device , that the light beams emerging from the fourth end section impinge on the optical sensor.
- the first and the third end section can be aligned in the hose receiving device, for example by means of cylindrical channels or bores in the hose receiving device.
- the hose receiving device is produced by injection molding and already has the cylindrical channels, so that the end sections are inserted into the cylindrical channels for their assembly.
- the alignment of the first and the The third end section can be carried out by means of two cylindrical sleeves, each of which is fixed on the printed circuit board, the end sections being inserted into the cylindrical sleeves in order to mount them.
- the first light guide and the second light guide are each flexible light guide cables or each have flexible light guide cables.
- the flexible light guide cables each have a plurality or a large number of light-conducting glass fibers or plastic fibers or consist of such.
- the first light guide and the second light guide are each rigid, light-guiding optical components, in particular made of plastic, in particular PC (polycarbonate) or PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) or ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), which can be produced, for example, by injection molding.
- plastic in particular PC (polycarbonate) or PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) or ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), which can be produced, for example, by injection molding.
- a blood treatment machine for extracorporeal blood treatment with a medical system according to the invention according to one of Claims 1 to 17 for the optical detection of at least one blood component in the hose section (3100) of the medical hose line (3000), the medical hose line (3000) being connected to the hose section (3100) Is part of a disposable tubing set (4000), additionally has a blood pump configured to pump blood in at least one blood tubing line to be coupled for the extracorporeal blood treatment, which is part of the disposable tubing set (4000).
- the blood treatment machine has a machine-side venous Clamp on for clamping the venous line or return line that is part of the disposable tubing set (4000) and has at least one other pump configured to pump a medical liquid to be discarded in the medical tubing (3000) and the tubing section (3100).
- the blood treatment machine has a control and computing unit with a memory in which a computer program is stored which, when it runs, controls the electronic measuring device and evaluates the measurement data of the optical sensor and, if a limit value is exceeded, an impermissibly high proportion of blood or a blood component in the tubing section (3100) and wherein the control and processing unit is programmed to issue an alarm and to at least stop the blood pump and to close the machine-side venous clamp to establish a safe state if an impermissibly high proportion of blood or a blood component is detected.
- the medical hose line (3000) can in particular be a hose line from the group of effluent line, dialysate line, filtrate line.
- the pump for pumping the medical liquid to be discarded in the medical hose line (3000) and the hose section (3100) can in particular be a pump from the group of filtrate pumps, effluent pumps and dialysate pumps.
- the hose section (3100) can be configured by at least one feature from the group: outer diameter, length, deformability, transparency, degree of reflection, wall thickness for functional coupling in the hose receptacle (1310).
- the blood tubing to be coupled for the extracorporeal blood treatment can be selected from the group: sampling line, arterial line, return line, venous line. Since the system according to the invention for the optical detection of at least one blood component in a hose line on a blood treatment machine for extracorporeal blood treatment (1000) is suitable according to the invention, in the memory of the measuring device 300 a computer program with one that has been tried and tested from the prior art, in particular by the applicant's multiFiltratePRO dialysis machine To run the evaluation algorithm for the blood leak detection, the system according to the invention does not require any cost-intensive software changes to solve the tasks according to the invention.
- the computer program in the memory of the control and processing unit can also be programmed to recognize a liquid-free tube section (3100) in the tube receiving area (1310) before the start of an extracorporeal blood treatment and to issue an alarm if there is no liquid-free tube section (3100) in the tube receiving area (1310). is recognized.
- the blood treatment machine according to the invention can be selected from the group: hemodialysis machine, hemofiltration machine,
- Hemodiafiltration machine acute dialysis machine, CRRT machine.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an extracorporeal blood circuit.
- FIG. 2 shows a view of an exemplary blood treatment machine for extracorporeal blood treatment.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a medical system for the optical detection of at least one blood component in a hose line.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a disposable tubing set for extracorporeal blood treatment.
- FIG. 5 shows a view of a preferred embodiment of a hose receiving device.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an extracorporeal blood circuit as part of a system according to the invention.
- the extracorporeal blood circuit has an extraction line or arterial blood line 1260 with a blood pump 1210, by means of which the blood is sucked out of a patient's vascular access and fed into the blood chamber of a dialyzer or blood filter 1250.
- the blood is further returned from the blood chamber 1260 via a return line or venous line 1270 with an air trap or venous chamber 1284 back into the patient's vascular access.
- the patient-side ends of the extraction line or arterial blood line 1260 and the return line or venous line 1270 have an extraction clamp or arterial clamp 1261 or a return clamp or venous clamp 1271, by means of which the flow can be interrupted by pinching off the hose line using actuators on the machine.
- the dialyzer or blood filter 1250 is divided internally by a semipermeable membrane 1251 into the blood compartment and a dialysate compartment or filtrate compartment.
- the dialysate chamber is fed into a dialysis liquid line by means of a dialysis liquid pump 1220 a dialysis liquid is supplied, which is provided in a dialysis liquid container 1282 .
- the dialysis fluid can be heated in a dialysis fluid heating bag 1283 on the way to the dialysate chamber.
- substances to be separated from the blood diffuse through the semipermeable membrane into the dialysate chamber.
- the dialysate loaded with the substances to be separated and to be discarded is discharged into a dialysate container 1285 in a medical hose line 3000 by means of a dialysate pump 1240 .
- filtrate passes from the blood chamber through the semipermeable membrane into the filtrate chamber 1253 .
- filtrate also passes from the blood chamber through the semipermeable membrane into the filtrate chamber 1253, which is pumped into a filtrate container 1285 by means of the filtrate pump 1240 in the medical hose line 3000.
- the liquid to be discarded in the medical tubing 3000 regardless of whether it is referred to as dialysate or filtrate or simply as effluent, flows through a tubing section 3100 on which an optical blood leak detector 1295 is arranged, before it is discharged into the dialysate container or filtrate container or effluent container 1285 disposal is collected.
- dialysate, filtrate, effluent are used synonymously for the liquid to be disposed of, since in the present invention it is not important which blood treatment method was used to obtain the liquid to be disposed of.
- the optical blood leak detector 1295 detects blood or blood components in the dialysate, filtrate or effluent with a specific sensitivity while it flows through the tubing section 3100 at a specific flow rate.
- the extracorporeal blood circuit can have different pressure measurement points, namely a pressure measurement point 1290 upstream of the blood pump, a pressure measurement point 1291 downstream of the blood pump, upstream 1291 and a pressure measurement point 1293 on the return line or venous line 1270, in particular on the air bubble separator or the venous chamber 1284.
- a substitution liquid line with a substitution liquid container 1280, a substitution liquid pump 1230 and a substitution liquid heating bag 1281 may be provided. In FIG.
- the substitution fluid line is shown as an example on the return line or venous line 1270.
- a corresponding arrangement of a further substitution liquid line with a further substitution liquid container, a further substitution liquid pump and a further substitution liquid heating bag can also be provided on the withdrawal line or arterial line 1260 .
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a blood treatment machine 1000 according to the invention for extracorporeal blood treatment and a medical system according to the invention for optically detecting at least one blood component in a hose line on the blood treatment machine 1000 for extracorporeal blood treatment.
- a component of a blood leak detector system according to the invention namely a hose receiving device 1300 according to the invention, is shown in an enlarged detail shown in FIG. 1 as a dashed circular line.
- the hose receiving device 1300 is configured such that a hose section 3100 (not shown in FIG. 1) of a medical hose line 3000 can be reversibly received and held in a hose receiving area 1310 arranged in the hose receiving device 1300.
- the hose section 3100 and the medical hose line 3000 are part of a disposable hose set 4000 (not shown), which is functionally coupled by the user to the front of the blood treatment machine 1000 for extracorporeal blood treatment for the purpose of carrying out an extracorporeal blood treatment session.
- the disposable hose set 4000 can be prepared in or on an organizer or tray to facilitate the functional coupling.
- the functional coupling of the disposable hose set 4000 according to the invention which is also referred to as an upgrade process by the user, begins in such embodiments with the manual attachment of the Organizers or trays on two hooks or pins 1500 a and 1500 b on the front of the blood treatment machine 1000.
- all hose set components to be functionally connected hang in front of the associated machine-side actuators and sensors in a user-friendly manner.
- the medical hose line 3000 is arranged by means of the tray or organizer in such a way that the hose section 3100 hangs directly in front of the hose receiving device 1300 in a user-friendly manner. This avoids errors when rigging due to mistakenly swapping hose sections and enables a particularly quick and user-friendly rigging process, which is particularly important in intensive care medicine or emergency medicine in intensive care units.
- FIG 2 shows a diagram of a dialysis fluid pump 1220 on the front of the blood treatment machine 1000, which is configured for the functional coupling of a dialysis fluid pump hose segment 1221 (not shown in Figure 2), a substitution fluid pump 1230, which is configured for the functional coupling of a substitution fluid pump hose segment 1231 (also not shown in Figure 2 shown), a filtrate pump or effluent pump or dialysate pump 1240 configured to operatively couple a filtrate pump tubing segment 1241 (also not shown in Figure 2) and a blood pump 1210 configured to operatively couple a blood line pump tubing segment 1262 (also not shown in Figure 2 ).
- the aforementioned pump tubing segments are components of the disposable tubing set 4000.
- further pumps can be added, for example a heparin pump for carrying out heparin anticoagulation and/or for carrying out regional anticoagulation, a citrate pump for pumping a medical solution containing citrate and a calcium pump for pumping a medical solution containing calcium.
- the disposable tubing set 4000 additionally has at least one heparin line, which opens into the arterial blood line or sampling line, and a citrate line, which also runs into the arterial blood line or Collection line opens and a calcium line that opens into the venous blood line or return line.
- electromagnetic radiation of the environment in a region 2000 outside of the machine housing 1100 of the blood treatment machine 1000 is indicated schematically in FIG. 2 by the pictogram with the reference number 2100 .
- Figure 3 schematically shows the structure of a medical system according to the invention for the optical detection of at least one blood component in a hose line on a blood treatment machine for extracorporeal blood treatment 1000.
- the system has a blood treatment machine for extracorporeal blood treatment 1000 with a machine housing 1100 with at least partial shielding 1110 of the machine housing 1100 against electromagnetic radiation, the shielding 1110 protecting an inner region of the machine housing 1120 at least partially against electromagnetic radiation 2100 from a region 2000 outside of the machine housing 1100 shields.
- the shielding 1110 of the machine housing 1100 consists of only one metal sheet behind a plastic machine housing front. In other embodiments, the shielding 1110 of the machine housing 1100 can shield the machine housing from external electromagnetic radiation on several sides or on all sides.
- the system further includes a hose receiving device 1300 on an outer surface of the machine housing 1100 in the area outside of the shield 1110, with a hose receiving area 1310 configuring is for reversibly holding a hose section 3100 of a medical hose line 3000 from the group of filtrate line, dialysate line, effluent line for carrying out an extracorporeal blood treatment using the blood treatment machine for extracorporeal blood treatment 1000.
- shielding is provided in the inner area of the machine housing 1120 in addition to the shielding 1110 of the machine housing.
- the shielding in the interior of the machine housing 1120 is a sheet metal shielding housing 1111 .
- the shield case 1111 is indicated by a broken line in FIG.
- the use of fiber optics enables the measurement electronics to be arranged in the shielding housing 1111 at a spatial distance from the hose receiving device 1300.
- the use of flexible fiber optic cables in particular facilitates the simple laying of the fiber optics from the hose receiving device 1300 to the electronic measuring device 300, even over longer distances within the machine housing.
- the system further has a first light guide 100, configured as an illumination source leading to the hose receiving area 1310, with a first end section 101 and a second end section 102, and has a second light guide 200, with a third end section 201 and a fourth end section 202, the second Light guide is present in addition to the first light guide 100 and is configured as a light guide leading away from the hose receiving area for the purpose of forwarding light emerging from the hose section 3100 when the system is used as intended.
- the machine housing 1100 has at least one housing opening 1130, 1130a, 1130b, which penetrates the shielding of the machine housing (1100) of the blood treatment device for extracorporeal blood treatment (1000), the first light guide (100) and the second light guide (200) passing through in the operational state the at least one housing opening (1130, 1130 a, 1130 b) into the inner area (1120) of the machine housing (1100) are guided in or, for their assembly, can be guided through the at least one housing opening (1130, 1130 a, 1130 b) into the inner region (1120) of the machine housing (1100).
- the at least one housing opening is a through opening. It can preferably have a round or angular cross-section and be produced by drilling or punching.
- the opening cross section of the at least one housing opening is larger than the cross section of the light guide to be passed through.
- the system has an electronic measuring device 300, which is arranged in the inner area 1120 of the machine housing 1100, with an electrical light source 301 for emitting light into the first light guide 100 and an optical sensor 302 for receiving light emerging from the second light guide 200.
- the hose receiving device has no LEDs, no sensors, no electrical components and/or electronic components and no electrical lines or conductor tracks or electrical cables or does not contain any such. According to the invention, this is advantageous because the system's susceptibility to interference from electromagnetic radiation from the environment of the dialysis machine can be reduced, in particular the susceptibility to interference of the interference-sensitive phototransistors, since according to the invention these components are not contained in the hose receiving device, which is particularly exposed to high-frequency electromagnetic radiation from the environment. but inside the shielding 1110 of the machine housing 1100.
- the hose receiving device (1300) according to the invention does not have or does not contain any shielding against electromagnetic radiation. This is advantageous according to the invention, because it results in a lack of space a simple and easy-to-repair structure can be guaranteed in the hose receiving device and limited space at the front of the dialysis machine.
- the first end section 101 of the first light guide 100 when installed in the hose receiving device 1300 is aligned with the hose receiving section 1310 such that when the system is operated as intended with the inserted hose section 3100, the light beams emerging from the first end section 101 penetrate the hose section 3100 illuminate and that the second end section 102 of the first light guide 100 is aligned in the installed state on the electronic measuring device 400 such that when the system is operated as intended, the light beams emerging from the light source 301 enter the second end section 102 of the first light guide 100.
- the third end 201 of the second light guide 200 in the installed state in the hose receiving device 1300 is aligned with the hose receiving section 1310 such that when the system is operated as intended with the hose section 3100 inserted, the light beams passing through the hose section 3100 enter the third end 201 of the second light guide 200 and that the fourth end section 202 of the second light guide 200 is aligned in the installed state on the electronic measuring device 300 such that, when the system is operated as intended, the light beams emerging from the fourth end section 202 strike the optical sensor 302, wherein the optical sensor 302 comprises a phototransistor 302a.
- the first light guide 100 and the second light guide 200 are each flexible light guide cables or each have flexible light guide cables. This has the advantage according to the invention that the electronic measuring device 300 in the inner area 1120 of the
- Machine housing 1100 regardless of the distance to
- Hose receiving device 1300 can be arranged, in particular at locations that are advantageous to the inside or outside of the Machine housing 1100 generated electromagnetic radiation are protected and in places that are easy to assemble and easy to maintain accessible both in the factory assembly and for a service technician in a clinic.
- the flexible light guide cables each have a plurality of light-conducting glass fibers or plastic fibers or consist of such.
- the electronic measuring device 300 has two LEDs 401, 402 with a green color spectrum as an electric light source 301, the first LED 401 with a green color spectrum and the second LED 402 with a green color spectrum being arranged on a printed circuit board 400 for simultaneous light generation and are switched.
- This achieves the advantage of the invention that aging of the green LED is slowed down because it does not have to be operated at high wear and tear at its specified maximum electrical current in order to provide the required light intensity, but can be operated gently with reduced electrical current because the total required light intensity is provided by two LEDs.
- the service life of the green LEDs is advantageously increased, the maintenance and repair costs are reduced and ultimately the overall costs are reduced.
- this also increases the sensitivity of the blood leak detector because the light intensity of two or more LEDs is higher than that of a single LED despite the reduced electrical operating current, in particular so that a calculated blood loss of 0.35 ml/min or even less than the entire range of the usual flow rates of dialysate or filtrate or effluent can be reliably detected.
- a reference phototransistor 404 is arranged and switched in the electronic measuring device 300 and is illuminated by the light source 301 when it is in operation in order to carry out a reference measurement.
- the phototransistor 302a is spatially separated from the electric light source 301 by an opaque barrier 450, so that no light can hit the phototransistor 302a directly, bypassing the first light guide 100 and the second light guide 200 from the light source 301.
- FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a disposable hose set 4000, which is set up on an organizer or tray in a user-friendly and non-confusing manner.
- the organizer or tray consists, for example, of a thermoformed plastic film and has recesses or openings in the area of the pumps, with the recesses forming two eyelets 1501a and 1501b at the same time, and configured for hanging and aligning the disposable hose set 4000 on the two hooks or pins 1500a and 1500b on the front of the blood treatment machine 1000, as shown in FIG.
- the medical hose line 3000 with the hose section 3100 is part of the disposable hose set 4000.
- the medical hose line 3000 is fixed in a predetermined position by at least one clip on the organizer or tray, so that the hose section 3100 when the organizer or the tray is on the two hooks or pins 1500 a and 1500 b on the front of the blood treatment machine 1000 is suspended in front of the tube receiving area according to the invention of the tube receiving device 1300 (see FIG. 2) in a user-friendly and non-confusing manner.
- the disposable hose set 4000 has a blood hose line or extraction line or arterial line 1260 with a blood line pump hose segment 1261 and a return line or venous line 1270 with an air bubble separator or a venous chamber 1284 . Furthermore, a dialysis fluid pump hose segment 1221, a
- the pump tubing segments 1261, 1221, 1231 and 1231 are positioned and fixed on the organizer or tray in such a way that they are user-friendly when the organizer or tray is hung on the two hooks or pins 1500 a and 1500 b on the front of the blood treatment machine 1000 and are aligned and assigned in front of the roller pumps so that they cannot be confused (cf. FIG. 2) and can be functionally coupled by the user with the respective intended roller pump in a way that cannot be confused or can be inserted into it for functional coupling.
- the dialysis fluid line has a dialysis fluid heating bag 1283 and the substitution fluid line has a substitution fluid heating bag 1281 .
- FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of an exemplary structural embodiment of a hose receiving device 1300 according to the invention with a hose receiving area 1310 according to the invention a hose section 3100 according to the invention is prevented from falling out or being removed from the hose receiving area 1310 and in a second, open position (shown in FIG. 5) the hose receiving area 1310 is released.
- the housing door 1311 has a latching device 1313a, 1313b which is configured for reversible latching with a latching bolt 1314 when the housing door 1311 is in the first, closed position.
- the perspective view in Figure 5 shows a medical hose line 3000, which is only indicated, with a hose section 3100 in a functionally coupled state, which enables light to be coupled into hose section 3100 and transmission light to be coupled out and forwarded from hose section 3100 if the system is in normal operation.
- the detachable arrangement of the light guides inside the hose receiving device 1300 and the continuation of the light guides outside of the hose receiving device 1300 is not shown in FIG can be seen from Figure 3.
- the hose receiving device 1300 is also configured to be attached to the machine front of the machine housing 1100, in particular by screwing.
- a further advantage of the hose receiving device 1300 according to the invention is that in the event of damage, for example a broken housing door, it can be easily replaced with an identical replacement housing without having to replace the light guides or dismantle the entire system.
- the objects of the present invention are solved with the described exemplary embodiment.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021132841.1A DE102021132841A1 (de) | 2021-12-13 | 2021-12-13 | Blutbehandlungsmaschine zur extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung und System zur Erkennung von Blut oder von Blutbestandteilen in einer Schlauchleitung |
| PCT/EP2022/085323 WO2023110717A1 (de) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-12-12 | Blutbehandlungsmaschine zur extrakorporalen blutbehandlung und system zur erkennung von blut oder von blutbestandteilen in einer schlauchleitung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4448041A1 true EP4448041A1 (de) | 2024-10-23 |
Family
ID=84820397
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22836054.1A Withdrawn EP4448041A1 (de) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-12-12 | Blutbehandlungsmaschine zur extrakorporalen blutbehandlung und system zur erkennung von blut oder von blutbestandteilen in einer schlauchleitung |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250050001A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4448041A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2024543315A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN118382469A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021132841A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023110717A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022124946A1 (de) * | 2022-09-28 | 2024-03-28 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Blutleckdetektor-System und Blutbehandlungsmaschine zur extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung |
| IT202300023769A1 (it) * | 2023-11-10 | 2025-05-10 | Ibd Italian Biomedical Devices S R L | Sistema per dialisi |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5331958A (en) | 1992-03-31 | 1994-07-26 | University Of Manitoba | Spectrophotometric blood analysis |
| US5385539A (en) | 1992-06-30 | 1995-01-31 | Advanced Haemotechnologies | Apparatus for monitoring hematocrit levels of blood |
| SE504812C2 (sv) | 1995-08-21 | 1997-04-28 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Optomodul |
| US6947131B2 (en) * | 2002-05-07 | 2005-09-20 | Chf Solutions, Inc. | Blood leak detector for extracorporeal treatment system |
| DE102009036044A1 (de) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-10 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erkennung von Blut oder Blutbestandteilen im Flüssigkeitssystem einer Vorrichtung zur extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung |
| AU2010338448B2 (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2014-01-23 | Gambro Lundia Ab | System and method for monitoring the presence of blood |
| EP2625505A1 (de) * | 2010-10-08 | 2013-08-14 | Edwards Lifesciences Corporation | Kontinuierliche messung des gesamthämoglobins |
| DE102016007828A1 (de) | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-04 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Steuereinheit zur Bluterkennung in einer Dialysierflüssigkeitsabführleitung einer Blutbehandlungsvorrichtung und Blutbehandlungsvorrichtung |
| EP3542707A1 (de) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-25 | Gambro Lundia AB | Vorrichtung, sensor und verfahren zur bestimmung mindestens eines parameters von in einem extrakorporalen blutkreislauf zirkulierendem blut |
| US10596311B2 (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2020-03-24 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Fiber-optic clot detector with an ultrasonic clot neutralizer |
-
2021
- 2021-12-13 DE DE102021132841.1A patent/DE102021132841A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2022
- 2022-12-12 JP JP2024523190A patent/JP2024543315A/ja active Pending
- 2022-12-12 EP EP22836054.1A patent/EP4448041A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-12-12 CN CN202280081877.0A patent/CN118382469A/zh active Pending
- 2022-12-12 US US18/718,627 patent/US20250050001A1/en active Pending
- 2022-12-12 WO PCT/EP2022/085323 patent/WO2023110717A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102021132841A1 (de) | 2023-06-15 |
| WO2023110717A1 (de) | 2023-06-22 |
| CN118382469A (zh) | 2024-07-23 |
| JP2024543315A (ja) | 2024-11-21 |
| US20250050001A1 (en) | 2025-02-13 |
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