EP4445173A1 - Verfahren zur rechnerischen störschallkompensation, ultraschallsensorsystem und kraftfahrzeug - Google Patents
Verfahren zur rechnerischen störschallkompensation, ultraschallsensorsystem und kraftfahrzeugInfo
- Publication number
- EP4445173A1 EP4445173A1 EP22822567.8A EP22822567A EP4445173A1 EP 4445173 A1 EP4445173 A1 EP 4445173A1 EP 22822567 A EP22822567 A EP 22822567A EP 4445173 A1 EP4445173 A1 EP 4445173A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reference signal
- signal
- representation
- ultrasonic sensor
- ultrasonic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
- G01S7/52004—Means for monitoring or calibrating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/06—Systems determining the position data of a target
- G01S15/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S15/10—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
- G01S7/52004—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/52006—Means for monitoring or calibrating with provision for compensating the effects of temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
- G01S7/523—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/526—Receivers
- G01S7/527—Extracting wanted echo signals
- G01S7/5273—Extracting wanted echo signals using digital techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
- G01S2015/937—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles sensor installation details
- G01S2015/938—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles sensor installation details in the bumper area
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of ultrasonic measurement technology in motor vehicles and in particular to a method for computational interference noise compensation for an ultrasonic sensor system in a motor vehicle, an ultrasonic sensor system for a motor vehicle that implements the method, and a motor vehicle with the ultrasonic sensor system.
- Motor vehicles are equipped with ultrasonic sensors which emit ultrasonic transmission signals into the surroundings of the motor vehicle and receive ultrasonic reception signals from the surroundings of the motor vehicle.
- a distance from an obstacle in the vicinity of a motor vehicle is determined based on a signal propagation time between the transmission of the ultrasonic transmission signal and the occurrence of an airborne sound echo in the ultrasonic reception signal and is made available to a driving or parking assistance system of the motor vehicle.
- ultrasonic sensors are also installed in a concealed manner, with an element of the outer skin of the vehicle being coupled to the membrane of the ultrasonic sensor.
- structure-borne noise occurs in the outer skin of the vehicle, and structure-borne noise echoes are superimposed on the airborne noise echoes in the ultrasonic received signal as background noise.
- WO 2019/137784 A1 discloses reflective elements in a bumper, which reduce the propagation of structure-borne noise in the bumper through destructive interference.
- WO 2007/012958 A2 discloses a method in which an airborne sound echo contained therein, which originates from an obstacle that is invariant to the motor vehicle, such as a trailer hitch attached to the motor vehicle, is identified by comparing a plurality of ultrasonic reception signals received at intervals in time. The airborne sound echo is mathematically removed from the ultrasonic received signals in subsequent measurements.
- DE 10 2013 204 910 A1 discloses a method in which a reference signal is subtracted from a measurement signal of an ultrasonic sensor in order to reduce or remove decay signals contained in the measurement signal.
- US Pat. No. 5,124,954 A discloses a method for distance measurement using ultrasound, in which a reference measurement is carried out in the absence of an object to be measured and a reference signal is obtained and stored which contains noise which has been reflected from objects which are not to be measured. In the case of a later measurement in the presence of the object to be measured, the stored reference signal is subtracted from the measurement signal in order to improve its signal-to-noise ratio.
- DE 10 2019 123822 A1 therefore proposes repeating a reference measurement for detecting a reference signal during operation of the vehicle at regular intervals in order to update the reference signal.
- a reference signal is detected which, in addition to the structure-borne noise echoes, also contains an airborne noise echo reflected by the obstacle, the airborne noise echo and thus the obstacle are incorrectly blanked out in subsequent measurements by subtracting the reference signal.
- DE 10 2019 123822 A1 therefore proposes recognizing such obstacles present during reference measurements in the area surrounding the vehicle from a signal shape change that occurs when the obstacles change their position relative to the vehicle.
- the object of the invention is to further improve the computational interference noise compensation of an ultrasonic system of a motor vehicle. Therefore, from a first aspect, a method for computational interference noise compensation for an ultrasonic sensor system of a motor vehicle is proposed. The method comprises the steps: a) detecting a plurality of reference signal representations at different points in time, each by sending out an ultrasonic transmission signal with an ultrasonic sensor of the ultrasonic sensor system and receiving an ultrasonic received signal with the same or another ultrasonic sensor of the ultrasonic sensor system; b) storing the plurality of reference signal representations; d) detecting a measurement signal representation by emitting an ultrasonic transmission signal with the ultrasonic sensor and receiving an ultrasonic received signal with the same or the additional ultrasonic sensor; e) selecting one of the stored reference signal representations; and f) generating a noise-compensated measurement signal representation by subtracting the selected reference signal representation from the detected measurement signal representation.
- the proposed method creates a reference signal basis from several and preferably a large number of stored reference signal representations, which are recorded and stored for different interpolation points—at different points in time and thus in particular with different interferences.
- a suitable one of the multiple reference signal representations for a respective measurement the quality of the background noise compensation can advantageously be improved.
- a suitable reference signal representation from the stored reference signal representation can be used instead of having to use a currently recorded reference signal representation that would possibly be distorted by the obstacle.
- the selection is in particular a targeted selection.
- the selection can preferably be made on the basis of a comparison of the stored reference signal representations with the recorded measurement signal representation and/or on the basis of a comparison of conditions that influence background noise when recording the reference signal representations in step a) with conditions that influence background noise when recording the measurement signal representation in step d). take place.
- a targeted selection can thus advantageously be made such that in the subsequent step f) the signal components of the measurement signal caused by background noise are reduced as far as possible and preferably removed from the measurement signal as precisely and completely as possible.
- a detected signal representation is used on the one hand as a measurement signal representation, but on the other hand also as a reference signal representation—which may need to be cleaned up—steps a) and d) are therefore carried out simultaneously or are one and the same step.
- the reference signal basis can be continuously updated during operation without having to discard previously acquired reference signal representations.
- a comprehensive reference signal base with a large number of interpolation points adapted to the operating reality of the motor vehicle can thus be created over the course of the service life of the motor vehicle.
- the respective ultrasonic transmission signal can be, for example, a pulse modulated onto an ultrasonic carrier frequency.
- the ultrasound reception signal can be received over a predetermined period of time after the transmission of the ultrasound transmission signal.
- the ultrasonic sensor can be put into a receiving mode for the predetermined period of time.
- the ultrasonic sensor can be provided with a piezo element, which converts vibrations of an ultrasonic membrane of the ultrasonic sensor, which are excited by incoming ultrasonic waves, into an electrical signal, which can be referred to as the ultrasonic received signal.
- a respective signal representation (reference signal representation, measurement signal representation) can be a recording, for example digital, of the corresponding ultrasound reception signal over a predetermined reception period.
- the respective signal representation can particularly preferably be a data-reduced representation of the corresponding ultrasound received signal.
- the transmission of the ultrasonic transmission signal and the receiving of the ultrasonic reception signal can take place, for example, with the same ultrasonic sensor of the ultrasonic sensor system.
- the ultrasonic sensor system only needs to include a single ultrasonic sensor.
- the ultrasonic sensor system comprises a plurality of, for example n, ultrasonic sensors, a plurality of, in the example n 2 , different signal paths can be formed.
- a signal path leads from a transmitting ultrasonic sensor to a receiving ultrasonic sensor, it being possible for the transmitting ultrasonic sensor and the receiving ultrasonic sensor to be the same ultrasonic sensor or different ultrasonic sensors.
- the proposed steps can therefore be carried out separately for each possible signal path of the ultrasonic sensor system, with a separate reference signal basis being stored for each of the signal paths and that reference signal basis which corresponds to the signal path used to acquire the measurement signal representation being used later in the background noise compensation. Accordingly, a particularly precise interference noise compensation can be possible for each individual signal path.
- step a) the multiple reference signal representations are recorded under different conditions influencing background noise.
- a reference signal representation can preferably be detected whenever a condition influencing background noise has changed by a predetermined amount or factor.
- a self-adjusting system can thus advantageously be created which automatically detects a further reference signal representation whenever an adjustment of the reference signal representation or the detection of a further reference signal representation is required due to a change in a condition influencing background noise.
- a respective condition influencing background noise can preferably include one or more of the following variables: a temperature of an outer skin of the motor vehicle; a temperature of the ultrasonic sensor; an age of the ultrasonic sensor and/or the motor vehicle; an excitation mode of the ultrasonic transmission signal; and the same.
- An excitation mode of the ultrasonic transmission signal can preferably include: a frequency, a signal form and/or an amplitude of the emitted ultrasonic transmission signal.
- Values of the respective variables can, as appropriate, be measured with sensors, for example, derived from the reference signal representations or the measurement signal representation, or provided by a control unit (ECU) that controls the operation of the ultrasonic sensor.
- sensors for example, derived from the reference signal representations or the measurement signal representation, or provided by a control unit (ECU) that controls the operation of the ultrasonic sensor.
- ECU control unit
- step b) the respective condition influencing background noise is stored linked to the respective reference signal representation (101, 102, 103).
- step b) both the respective reference signal representation and the condition influencing background noise prevailing at the time the reference signal representation in question was detected are stored, and a link is established between the stored reference signal representation and the associated condition influencing background noise. Accordingly, at a later point in time, for example during the selection in step e), a suitable reference signal representation can be determined and selected from the stored reference signal representations on the basis of a condition influencing background noise.
- the proposed method also includes c) the generation of a reference signal representation from one or more of the recorded and/or stored reference signal representations, from which airborne sound echo signal components have been removed.
- the cleaning can preferably take place by means of a signal comparison with the multiple reference signal representations stored in step b).
- the cleaning can be done using mean filters, logical operations or other filter mechanisms to eliminate undesired signal components in the reference signal representations.
- Methods for weighting reference signal representations depending on the trustworthiness of the respective reference measurement are also conceivable.
- the cleaning can take place in such a way that only reference signal representations are stored in the reference signal base, in which signal components originating from airborne sound echoes are reduced and/or removed.
- the relevant signal components in the recorded or stored reference signal representations can be reduced and/or removed.
- Step c) can be carried out before or after step b).
- the recorded reference signal representations can be cleaned up and only cleaned reference signal representations can be stored in step b).
- all reference signal representations can be stored first and the cleaning can be carried out once or periodically at a later point in time.
- reference signal representations are selected for the cleaning in step c), which were recorded under the same or comparable conditions influencing background noise, and the cleaned reference signal representation is generated using a signal comparison of the selected reference signal representations.
- Certain conditions influencing background noise may only be reached when the vehicle is stationary with a cold engine.
- an obstacle in the area surrounding the vehicle does not change its position.
- the obstacle can still be identified by comparison with a reference signal representation recorded at an earlier stage under the same noise-affecting conditions. because the obstacle was either not present at an earlier point in time or at least was not present in the same position with an overwhelming probability. Position differences in the submillimeter range can be sufficient to identify the obstacle when comparing two reference signal representations.
- step e) the reference signal representation is selected on the basis of a condition influencing background noise at the time the measurement signal representation is recorded.
- one technique for selecting an appropriate reference signal representation in step e) for use in step f) may preferably consist of selecting a reference signal representation that was acquired under the same or comparable noise-affecting conditions that exist at the time the measurement signal representation is acquired.
- a particularly precise interference noise compensation can advantageously take place.
- Conditions influencing comparable noise are to be understood in particular as conditions which do not deviate from one another by more than a predetermined amount or factor.
- the conditions influencing the respective background noise, which were present at the time the respective reference signal representation was recorded, can be included in step b), for example linked to the respective reference signal representation. However, in some examples, they can also be derived implicitly from the reference signal representation whenever necessary.
- step e) an interpolated reference signal representation is generated and selected from a plurality of the stored reference signal representations on the basis of respective noise-influencing conditions at the time the multiple reference signal representations are recorded and the noise-influencing condition at the time the measurement signal representation is recorded.
- an interpolated reference signal representation can advantageously be used if the condition influencing the background noise lies between two or more interpolation points of the reference signal basis at the time the measurement signal representation is recorded. In this way, the background noise compensation can take place particularly precisely.
- the respective condition influencing background noise includes a variable that is measured by a sensor that is integrated into the ultrasonic sensor or is attached to the motor vehicle.
- the respective conditions influencing noise can be determined by sensors with high accuracy.
- a particularly well suited reference signal representation can be selected in step e) and the quality of the background noise compensation in step f) can thus be advantageously improved.
- the respective condition influencing the background noise comprises a variable which is determined on the basis of the occurrence of a structure-borne noise echo signal component which is first in time in the respective reference signal representation or the measurement representation.
- the variable can be, for example, the signal propagation time between the transmission of the ultrasound transmission signal and the occurrence of the first structure-borne sound echo.
- the variable can also be a temperature derived from the signal propagation time using a calibration curve or the like.
- a separately provided temperature sensor or the like can advantageously be dispensed with and the condition influencing the background noise can be determined directly from the respective signal display.
- step e) the selection is made on the basis of a comparison of the measurement signal representation with a number of the stored reference signal representations.
- step e) it is advantageously not necessary for the selection in step e) to know (to measure or to derive) the conditions influencing the background noise that were present when the reference signal representations and the measurement signal representations were recorded. Nevertheless, a targeted selection of a suitable reference signal representation is possible.
- a degree of agreement or a degree of detuning between the measurement signal representation and the respective reference signal representation can be used as a comparison criterion, for example.
- steps a) and b) and preferably also c) of the method are carried out when the motor vehicle is moving and/or steps a) and b) and preferably also c) of the method are carried out when the motor vehicle is stationary .
- the steps mentioned can also be carried out in particular when there is no relative movement between the motor vehicle and objects in its vicinity, such as when the motor vehicle is parked in an underground car park.
- Such a correction is possible using several reference signal representations recorded during different parking processes under otherwise identical conditions affecting background noise as soon as a reference signal representation is recorded again after parking again under conditions otherwise affecting identical background noise.
- a self-adjusting system can be created that has optimally adjusted reference signal representations in every driving or stationary situation in which it is brought by the driver for optimal noise correction.
- the respective reference signal representation and the measurement signal representation are each a data-reduced representation of the corresponding received ultrasound signal, which is obtained by frequency conversion of the received ultrasound signal by means of complex downward conversion.
- storage space for example, in a control unit (ECU) that implements the proposed method, can be saved, or more reference signal representations can be stored for a larger number of interpolation points.
- bandwidth is advantageously saved in the transmission of the signal information from the ultrasonic sensor to the control unit or the transmission can be implemented within a given limited bandwidth if the ultrasonic sensor already generates such a data-reduced signal representation and only transmits the data-reduced signal representation to the control unit.
- the data can be reduced by complex downward conversion, for example, by converting the received ultrasound signal into baseband using an IQ mixer and capturing the respective signal representation using the converted signal in baseband.
- a respective signal representation can thus comprise an I component (real component) and a Q component (imaginary component).
- a respective signal representation include amplitude component and a phase component. In both cases, both the amplitude and the phase information of the original ultrasonic received signal are advantageously retained, and the computational background noise compensation can be carried out with greater accuracy and deliver more usable results than if, for example, in a simpler data-reduced representation, such as an envelope curve, only the amplitude information is included.
- the respective reference signal representation and the measurement signal representation are each recorded by the ultrasonic sensor receiving the corresponding ultrasonic received signal using complex downward conversion to determine two signal components of the ultrasonic received signal, the determined downward-converted signal components to a control unit of the Motor vehicle transmits and the control unit based on the received down-converted signal components reconstructs a raw signal representation of the ultrasonic received signal.
- the raw signal representation reconstructed in this way can be used or recorded by the control device as the respective reference signal representation or the measurement signal representation.
- the respective receiving ultrasonic sensor can advantageously transmit a data-reduced representation (the two signal components, such as an I signal component and a Q signal component) of the ultrasonic received signal in a bandwidth-saving manner.
- the control unit which can have high computing power, can reconstruct the respective reference signal representation and the measurement signal representation from the transmitted data-reduced representation in such a way that the respective signal representation is a raw signal representation of the corresponding ultrasound received signal.
- a raw signal representation can depict all essential information of the raw ultrasound received signal, in particular the amplitude and phase information thereof.
- the proposed method can result in a qualitatively better representation of the measurement signal that is compensated for by noise result, which, for example, has a better signal-to-noise ratio, resolves the shape of the airborne sound echoes contained therein more cleanly, and the like.
- the calculated background noise compensation can be carried out with an accuracy that essentially corresponds to an accuracy that would be achieved if the ultrasonic sensor were to transmit the raw ultrasonic received signals and raw signal representations were recorded using the raw ultrasonic received signals and the calculated background noise compensation based on the raw signal representations (raw Reference signal representation, raw measurement signal representation) would be carried out.
- a method for measuring the surroundings of a motor vehicle comprises the steps of the method for computational interference noise compensation according to one of the preceding claims, wherein based on the occurrence of airborne sound echo signal components in the interference noise-compensated measurement signal representation, at least one distance to an obstacle in the Environment of the motor vehicle is determined.
- the distance can thus advantageously be determined more precisely.
- the distance can be calculated using a signal propagation time between sending out the control signal and receiving the first airborne sound echo in the noise-compensated measurement signal representation and the known speed of sound.
- a warning tone can be output if the distance falls below a minimum.
- the determined distance can also be made available to a driving or parking assistance system, which controls partially or fully autonomous driving or parking of the motor vehicle.
- an ultrasonic sensor system for a motor vehicle comprising at least one ultrasonic sensor and means that are suitable carry out steps of the method according to the first or second aspect or one of the embodiments thereof.
- the means may include a processor, memory, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a control unit (ECU) and the like.
- the means can be provided centrally or provided separately for each of the ultrasonic sensors.
- a motor vehicle which includes the ultrasonic sensor system of the third aspect.
- the motor vehicle can be a passenger car, a truck, an electric bicycle, a marine vehicle, a robot, and the like.
- the motor vehicle can preferably have an assistance system for partially or fully automatically driving.
- a computer program product comprising instructions which cause the ultrasonic sensor system according to the third aspect to carry out the method according to the first or second aspect, and a computer-readable storage medium on which the computer program product is stored.
- FIG. 1 shows a motor vehicle with an ultrasonic sensor system according to exemplary embodiments
- 3 is an illustration for explaining the principle of the computational interference noise compensation and shows plots of exemplary signal representations
- FIG. 4 illustrates the method for compensating for background noise according to exemplary embodiments.
- a motor vehicle 1 shows a motor vehicle 1 with an ultrasonic sensor system 7 according to exemplary embodiments.
- a first ultrasonic sensor 2 is installed on a front bumper 4 and a second ultrasonic sensor 3 is installed on a rear bumper 5 .
- the ultrasonic sensor 2 is, for example, installed in a concealed manner, that is to say it is arranged behind the front bumper 4 and is invisible from the outside.
- the ultrasonic sensor 3 is installed uncovered, for example, that is, it is visible from the outside.
- the ultrasonic sensor 3 is inserted into an opening, not shown, in the rear bumper 5, for example with a sealing ring, not shown.
- the bumpers 4, 5 are body components which, together with other body components, form an outer skin 8 (FIG. 2) of the motor vehicle 1.
- the motor vehicle 1 is equipped with a control unit (ECU) 6, which is connected to the ultrasonic sensors 2, 3 for communication and is set up to measure an environment of the motor vehicle 1 with the aid of the ultrasonic sensors 2, 3.
- the ultrasonic sensors 2, 3 and the control unit 6 together form an ultrasonic sensor system 7.
- 2 shows an ultrasonic sensor system 7 according to exemplary embodiments in greater detail.
- the ultrasonic sensor system 7 includes the ultrasonic sensor 2 and the controller 6.
- the controller 6 controls the operation of the ultrasonic sensor 2.
- the controller 6 includes a processor 17 and a memory 18.
- the memory 18 is preferably a non-volatile memory, such as a flash memory EEPROM, a magnetic memory and the like.
- the ultrasonic sensor 2 is installed in a concealed manner behind an outer skin 8 of a motor vehicle 1 (FIG. 1).
- An ultrasonic membrane 9 of the ultrasonic sensor 2 is coupled via a coupling element 11 to the outer skin 8 of the motor vehicle 1 (FIG. 1).
- a piezoelectric element 12 is attached to an inner side of the ultrasonic membrane 9 and is electrically connected to a control element 14 arranged on a printed circuit board 13 . If an ultrasonic transmission signal is to be sent, the control element 14 controls the piezoelectric element 12 with electrical signals, whereupon the piezoelectric element 12 excites the ultrasonic membrane 9 to oscillate. The vibrations are transmitted via the coupling element 11 to the vehicle outer skin 8, which is thus also excited to vibrate.
- Airborne noise 15 is emitted.
- structure-borne noise 16 propagates in the outer skin 8 of the vehicle. If the airborne sound 15 is reflected by an obstacle (not shown) in the vicinity of the motor vehicle 1 (Fig. 1), an airborne sound echo runs back to the vehicle outer skin 8, excites it to vibrate, which is passed on to the ultrasonic membrane 9 via the coupling element 11 and are converted by the piezo element 12 into an electrical signal, which is also referred to as an ultrasonic reception signal.
- the structure-borne noise 16 can also be reflected in the outer skin 8 and run back to the ultrasonic sensor 2 . For this reason, a structure-borne sound echo signal component can also be superimposed on the airborne sound echo signal component of the ultrasonic reception signal.
- the control unit 6 causes the ultrasonic sensor 2 (the control element 14 of the ultrasonic sensor 2) to emit ultrasonic transmission signals and receives ultrasonic reception signals from the ultrasonic sensor 2 and detects signal representations (measuring signal (Representations and/or reference signal representations) of the received ultrasound reception signals.
- Detected reference signal representations 101-103 are stored in memory 18 of control unit 6 and form a reference signal base 10. Received measurement signal representations are compensated for noise using reference signal representations 101-103 of reference signal base 10, which will be discussed in detail below.
- control unit 6 determines a distance from an obstacle in the area surrounding motor vehicle 1 (FIG. 1).
- the ultrasonic sensor 2 with the control element 14, the ultrasonic membrane 9 and the piezo element 12 and the control unit 6 with the processor 17 and the memory 18 represent means for carrying out a proposed method described later.
- the method steps are initiated by the activation element 14 and/or by the processor 17 of the control unit 6 and are executed with the aid of the further elements of the control unit and the ultrasonic sensor 2 .
- FIG. 3 is an illustration to explain the principle of the computational interference noise compensation and shows graphic plots of exemplary signal representations 21, 102, 20, 30.
- the signal representations shown are data-reduced representations that only show an envelope curve with amplitude information about the received ultrasonic signals represent and are for illustrative purposes only.
- the arithmetic noise compensation is preferably carried out using signal representations that include at least amplitude information and phase information about the received ultrasonic signals.
- Fig. 3 a shows a measurement signal representation 21 as it is detected by the uncovered installed ultrasonic sensor (3 in Fig. 1) when an obstacle is in the vicinity of the motor vehicle (1 in Fig. 1) is arranged.
- An airborne sound echo signal component 212 occurs in the measurement signal representation 21 at a later point in time. A distance from the obstacle can be determined on the basis of the point in time at which this airborne sound echo signal component 212 occurs, by multiplying half the signal propagation time by the speed of sound in air.
- FIG. 3b shows a signal representation 102 as it is detected by the concealed ultrasonic sensor (2 in FIG. 1) when there is no obstacle in the vicinity of motor vehicle 1 (FIG. 1).
- the signal representation 102 shows a number of structure-borne sound echo signal components 213 which are due to reflections of the structure-borne sound 16 (FIG. 2) in the vehicle outer skin 8 .
- the signal representation 102 is also referred to as a reference signal representation 102 since it indicates a reference for a structure-borne sound pattern that arises when there is no obstacle.
- FIG. 3c shows a measurement signal representation 20 as it is detected by the concealed ultrasonic sensor 2 in FIG. 2) when an obstacle is arranged in the vicinity of the motor vehicle 1 (FIG. 1).
- the structure-borne sound echo signal components 213 overlay the airborne sound echo signal component 212; the airborne sound echo signal component 212 can only be seen as a slight broadening of one of the structure-borne sound echo signal components 213 and is difficult or impossible to detect in an automated manner. This results in an undesired lengthening of the dead time.
- Fig. 3d shows a signal representation 30, which results when the reference signal representation 102 from Fig. 3b) of the Measurement signal representation 20 from FIG. 3c) is subtracted.
- the airborne sound echo portion 212 can now be seen clearly and is easily and automatically detectable.
- the signal-to-noise ratio is drastically improved; moreover, the noise-compensated measurement signal representation 30 never reaches saturation; there is essentially no dead time.
- the technical effect of improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the noise-compensated measurement signal representation 30 and reducing the dead time of the ultrasonic sensor 2 only occurs if the reference signal representation 102 only contains structure-borne noise echo signal components 213 that contain those structure-borne noise -Signal components 213 are the same that occur when detecting the measurement signal representation 20.
- FIG. 3 Numerous conditions influencing background noise have an influence on the expression of the structure-borne noise 16 in the outer skin 8 of the motor vehicle 1 .
- conditions influencing background noise include the temperature of vehicle outer skin 8 and/or the temperature of ultrasonic sensor 2 correlating therewith, and material properties of ultrasonic sensor 2 and outer skin 8, which can change as the materials age. If the speed of propagation of the structure-borne noise 16 changes, the structure-borne noise echo signal components 213 of the signal representations 102, 20 shown in FIG. 3 are stretched or compressed to different extents along the time axis.
- Dampening properties of the outer skin and/or adjacent vehicle parts or of materials applied to the outer skin 8 to reduce the propagation of structure-borne noise 16 that have changed over time can also affect the shape, number, amplitude, phase position and the like of the structure-borne noise echo signal components 213.
- the structure-borne sound echo signal components 213 also change as a function of an excitation mode of the ultrasonic sensor 2, that is to say of the frequency, the signal form and the amplitude of the transmitted ultrasonic signal; these also represent examples of conditions influencing background noise.
- the reference signal representation 102 was now recorded under conditions that influence background noise than the measurement signal representation 20, a detuning results due to different Licher structure-borne noise echo signal components in the signal representations 102, 20, and a subtraction does not result in the noise-compensated measurement signal representation 30, but rather a signal representation with phantom signal components and a poor signal-to-noise ratio, in which the airborne noise echo signal portion 212 may no longer be clearly detectable is.
- the reference signal representation 102 should be updated. However, if there is an obstacle in the area surrounding motor vehicle 1 during such an update, airborne sound echo signal component 212 resulting from the obstacle is incorrectly treated as a structure-borne sound echo signal component. As a result, the airborne sound echo signal portion 212 of a measurement signal representation 20 captured following the capture of the reference signal representation 102 would also be subtracted during the difference formation and the obstacle would thus be masked out.
- Exemplary embodiments are presented below that show advantageous configurations for obtaining suitable reference signal representations 102 for arithmetical interference noise compensation according to the principle set out above, taking into account the above-mentioned problem of the changing conditions influencing interference noise.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the method for compensating for background noise according to exemplary embodiments. The description is made with reference to FIG. 4 and also with reference back to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
- a reference signal representation 102 is recorded in step S1.
- Step S1 is repeated several times at different points in time in order to acquire further reference signal representations 101 and 103.
- a respective recorded reference signal representation 101, 102, 103 is stored in step S2 in the memory 18 of the control device 6 for later use.
- a reference signal basis 10 is created, which includes a multiplicity of reference signal representations 101, 102, 103 recorded at different points in time and thus potentially also under different conditions influencing background noise.
- a measurement signal representation 20 is recorded in step S4 in the same way as described for step S1.
- step S5 a suitable one of the stored reference signal representations 101 is then selected with knowledge of the recorded measurement signal representation 20 and the reference signal base 10 stored in the memory 18.
- the noise-compensated measurement representation 30 is then generated in step S6 by subtracting the selected reference signal representation 101 from the recorded measurement signal representation 20 .
- a respectively suitable reference signal representation 101 can advantageously be selected for each measurement. Suitable is to be understood, for example, as meaning that the selected reference signal representation 101 for the relevant measurement maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio of the noise-compensated measurement representation 30 .
- the selection in step S5 is based on a comparison of the measurement signal representation 20 with several or all of the reference signal representations 101, 102, 103 of the reference signal base 10.
- the decay signal components 21 1 of the respective signal representations 20, 101, 102, 103 can be compared with one another. The comparison can based on characteristic features of the respective structure-borne sound echo signal components 213.
- the comparison is made by quantifying a quality of the structure-borne noise compensation of the measurement signal representation 20 using the respective reference signal representation 101 , 102 , 103 of the reference signal basis 10 .
- the quality of structure-borne noise compensation i.e. the degree of correspondence between reference signal representation 101, 102, 103 and measurement signal representation 20, can be determined, for example, using an effective value, a maximum amount or a statistical measure for the amplitude distribution of the difference signal representation remaining after subtraction of the respective reference signal representation from measurement signal representation 20 30 to be quantified.
- reference signal representation 101 with the best quantified match can be selected.
- one or more conditions influencing background noise are linked to the respective reference signal representation 101 , 102 , 103 and stored together with the respective reference signal representation 101 , 102 , 103 in the memory 18 .
- a parameter can be calculated that indicates the relative point in time of the occurrence of a first structure-borne noise signal echo component 214 in the reference signal representation 101 , 103 .
- Such a parameter is indicative of the sound propagation speed of the structure-borne noise 16 in the vehicle outer skin 8.
- a temperature in the vehicle outer skin 8 can also be inferred from the parameter using a calibration curve.
- the control unit 6 and/or the control element 14 can provide information about the excitation mode of the ultrasonic sensor 2 when it is switched off.
- the ultrasonic sensor 2 also has a temperature sensor 19 with which a temperature of the ultrasonic sensor 2 can be measured directly.
- the relative time of the occurrence of the first structure-borne noise signal echo component 214, the temperature of the vehicle outer skin 8, the information about the age, the information about the excitation mode and/or the temperature of the ultrasonic sensor 2 are examples or indicators of conditions that influence background noise, which are linked to the Reference signal representation 101, 103 can be stored in the memory 18.
- conditions influencing background noise can also include information that can be regarded as indicators for a physical measurement parameter that influences background noise, in addition to physical measured variables.
- step S5 in the same way as described above for step S2, one or more conditions influencing background noise can be determined, which were present when the measurement signal representation 20 was recorded.
- a reference signal representation 101 can then be selected from the reference signal base 10 in step S5 by comparing the conditions influencing the background noise when detecting the measurement signal representation 20 with the conditions affecting the background noise stored in association with the reference signal representations 101 , 102 , 103 .
- an interpolated reference signal representation (not shown) can be generated by interpolation and then selected.
- the interpolation can be done in one dimension or in multiple dimensions when working with multiple types of noise influencing conditions (e.g., temperature, age, and excitation mode).
- the interpolation can particularly preferably be carried out iteratively, with a quality of the structure-borne noise compensation resulting from the respective interpolated reference signal representation being optimized iteratively.
- a preselection can be made from the reference signal base 10 based on the conditions influencing background noise when detecting the measurement signal representation 20, which includes reference signal representations 101, 102, 103 that were recorded under comparable conditions influencing background noise.
- Each of the preselected reference signal representations 101, 102, 103 can then be subtracted from the measurement signal representation 20 and that one of the preselected reference signal representations 101 for the background noise correction of step S6 can be selected for which there is the highest degree of agreement, i.e. the greatest signal-to-noise ratio and/or a lowest proportion of remaining structure-borne noise echo signal components 213 in the difference signal display 30.
- a measurement signal representation 30 that is particularly precisely compensated for background noise can advantageously be obtained and used for the particularly precise measurement of the surroundings of motor vehicle 1 .
- the multiple reference signal representations 101, 102, 103 are recorded under different conditions influencing background noise.
- step S1 can be event-driven whenever at least a noise affecting condition changes by more than a predetermined relative or absolute amount.
- the method also includes a step S3, in which the reference signal base 10 is cleaned.
- Cleaning means that airborne sound echo signal components 212 in the reference signal representations 101, 102, 103 are reduced or removed and/or that further reference signal representations 101, 102, 103 are generated in which the airborne sound echo signal components 212 are reduced or removed. and/or the untrustworthy reference signal representations 101, 102, 103 are discarded.
- methods for weighting the reference signal representations 101 , 103 can be used in order to discard untrustworthy reference signal representations 101 , 103 .
- averaging filters, logical operations or other filter mechanisms can be used to remove airborne sound echo signal components 212 from the reference signal representations 101 , 102 , 103 .
- step S3 several of the reference signal representations 101, 102, 103 are selected from the reference signal base 10, which were detected under the same or comparable conditions influencing the background noise.
- the selected reference signal representations 101, 102, 103 are then compared with one another.
- the selected reference signal representations 101, 102, 103 can be successively subtracted from one another in a commuting manner for the purpose of comparison. In this way, one or more airborne sound echo signal components 212 can be identified on the basis of the resulting difference signal representations 30 . Then, by subtracting the identified airborne sound echo signal components 212 from the selected reference signal representations 101, 102, 103 corresponding cleaned reference signal representations 101, 102, 103 are generated.
- Step S3 for cleaning can be carried out before step S2, i.e. based on each newly acquired reference signal representation 102 and the already known reference signal base 10 at this point in time, a cleaned reference signal representation 102' is first generated and this is then added to the reference signal base 10 in step S2.
- step S3 can also be carried out independently of steps S1 and S2 directly on reference signal base 10 and clean it up, for example at regular time intervals or whenever reference signal base 10 is stored with a reference signal representation 102 with associated conditions influencing background noise and for a reference signal representation 101 , 103 is already stored in the reference signal basis 10 for these conditions or for comparable conditions influencing the background noise.
- Such a cleanup step S3 is particularly useful in exemplary embodiments in which steps S1, S2, ie the acquisition and storage of reference signal representations 101-103, are carried out continuously or at regular time intervals.
- the reference signal base 10 can be updated continuously when the motor vehicle 1 is moving and/or when the motor vehicle 1 is stationary. It is possible that when a reference signal representation 101-103 was detected, an object was located in the vicinity of the motor vehicle 1 and airborne sound echo signal components originating from the object are contained in the detected reference signal representations 101-103, which are to be cleaned up.
- reference signal representations 101, 102, 103 are contained in the reference signal base 10, for example from a respective standstill of the motor vehicle 1 from the current day and from previous days with the same condition influencing background noise, a difference in the position of the obstacle in the garage in the sub-millimetre range is sufficient to deal with the above to recognize the respective airborne sound echo signal components 212 to be attributed to the obstacle by forming the difference and to clean up the reference signal representations 101, 102, 103 accordingly.
- the options shown for ongoing maintenance of the reference signal base 10 can be used to create a reference signal base 10 that includes high-quality reference signal representations 101, 102, 103, which have been cleaned of airborne sound echo signal components 102 as best as possible, even if the reference signal representations 101, 102, 103 originally were recorded in critical situations with obstacles in the vicinity of motor vehicle 1.
- the quality of the noise-compensated measurement signal representation 30 and thus the quality of the obstacle detection and the like can be advantageously improved.
- a concealed built-in ultrasonic sensor 2 and structure-borne noise 16 in the vehicle outer skin 8 were described as background noise.
- the proposed method can also be applied to ultrasonic sensors 3 installed in an uncovered manner.
- the decay signal component 211 visible in the measurement signal display 20 due to the vibration of the ultrasonic membrane 9 after the transmission of the ultrasonic signal can also be regarded as background noise and can be viewed in the same way as the structure-borne sound echo signal components 213 in the case of the ultrasonic sensor 2 installed in a concealed manner Signal subtraction are compensated.
- the dead time of the uncoveredly installed ultrasonic sensor 2 can advantageously be reduced or eliminated.
- the means of the ultrasonic sensor system 7 for carrying out the proposed method include the control unit 6 and the control element 14 .
- the control element 14 can comprise, for example, a simple circuit for impedance matching and an analog/digital converter.
- the drive element 14 can also be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and can itself take over part of the processing for performing steps S1 to S6.
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
- the entire proposed method can also be implemented with the ASIC 14 and carried out without a separate control unit 6 being present.
- the memory 18 can be provided on the circuit board 13 of the ultrasonic sensor 2 .
- the conditions influencing background noise mentioned are purely exemplary.
- Other influencing variables can be taken into account, for example weather information that can be obtained from light sensors, rain sensors and the like.
- the method is preferably carried out using signal representations 20, 30, 101-103, which include at least amplitude and phase information about the respective ultrasonic received signal.
- Control element 14 of the ultrasonic sensor 2, 3 be an ASIC that implements an IQ mixer.
- This can carry out a complex downward conversion of the received ultrasonic signal into baseband.
- the complex downward conversion provides an I signal component and a Q signal component of the received ultrasound signal (example of a data-reduced representation of the received ultrasound signal).
- This data-reduced display can be transmitted to control unit 6 of motor vehicle 1 .
- control unit 6 then carries out the method described above separately using both the I signal components and the Q signal components, so that a measurement signal representation 30 compensated for the background noise signal is generated, which contains the background noise-compensated I signal components and the background noise-compensated Q signal components included. From this, a data-reduced, noise-compensated, envelope-like representation of the respective ultrasonic received signal can be calculated if required—for determining and classifying airborne sound echoes, for determining the distance to obstacles in the vicinity of motor vehicle 1 and the like.
- control unit 6 can first reconstruct a raw signal representation of the received ultrasound signal from the I signal components and the Q signal components. This means that the method can be carried out using raw signal representations and the generated noise-compensated measurement signal representation 30 can include a noise-compensated raw signal representation of the measured ultrasonic received signal. In this way, despite the reduced data transmission between the ultrasonic sensors 2, 3 and the control unit 6, a high-quality measurement signal display 30 that is compensated for background noise can be generated by the control unit 6.
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- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021132027.5A DE102021132027A1 (de) | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-06 | Verfahren zur rechnerischen störschallkompensation, ultraschallsensorsystem und kraftfahrzeug |
| PCT/EP2022/083834 WO2023104603A1 (de) | 2021-12-06 | 2022-11-30 | Verfahren zur rechnerischen störschallkompensation, ultraschallsensorsystem und kraftfahrzeug |
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| EP4445173A1 true EP4445173A1 (de) | 2024-10-16 |
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| EP (1) | EP4445173A1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20240097931A (de) |
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| DE (1) | DE102021132027A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023104603A1 (de) |
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| DE102024126447A1 (de) * | 2024-09-13 | 2026-03-19 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Verfahren zum bestimmen einer temperatur eines karosserieblechs |
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| US4382291A (en) * | 1980-10-17 | 1983-05-03 | Secom Co., Ltd. | Surveillance system in which a reflected signal pattern is compared to a reference pattern |
| NL8902413A (nl) | 1989-09-28 | 1991-04-16 | Staalkat Bv | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het detecteren van de positie van een voorwerp. |
| DE10100596A1 (de) * | 2001-01-09 | 2002-07-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zum Verarbeiten von Ausgangs- oder Basissignalen einer Einrichtung zum Bestimmen eines Abstands eines Gegenstands |
| ITMO20050199A1 (it) | 2005-07-29 | 2007-01-30 | Meta System Spa | Sistema e metodo di rilevamento di ostacoli per veicoli |
| DE102013204910B4 (de) | 2013-03-05 | 2024-02-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung mittels eines Schallwandlers empfangener Umgebungssignale |
| DE102015209282A1 (de) * | 2015-05-21 | 2016-11-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erkennen von Dauerstörern und/oder Fremdschallstörern und entsprechende Vorrichtung |
| DE102017105207A1 (de) * | 2017-03-13 | 2018-09-13 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer Luftschalldämpfung für ein Ultraschallsignal eines Ultraschallsensors eines Kraftfahrzeugs, Vorrichtung, Fahrerassistenzsystem sowie Kraftfahrzeug |
| DE102018100594A1 (de) | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-18 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Ultraschallsensoranordnung für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit Elementen zur Reduzierung einer Ausbreitung von Biegewellen sowie dazugehöriges Herstellungsverfahren |
| DE102019207029A1 (de) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-11-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ermitteln einer Umweltbedingung im Umfeld eines Fortbewegungsmittels auf Basis eines Ultraschallsensors des Fortbewegungsmittels |
| DE102019123822A1 (de) | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-11 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Rechnerische Störschallkompensation für Ultraschallsensorsysteme |
| DE102019134307A1 (de) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-17 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Berührungsdetektion mit einem Ultraschallsensorsystem |
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- 2022-11-30 CN CN202280080873.0A patent/CN118369591A/zh active Pending
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- 2022-11-30 US US18/716,140 patent/US20250035783A1/en active Pending
- 2022-11-30 KR KR1020247018842A patent/KR20240097931A/ko active Pending
- 2022-11-30 WO PCT/EP2022/083834 patent/WO2023104603A1/de not_active Ceased
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| CN118369591A (zh) | 2024-07-19 |
| US20250035783A1 (en) | 2025-01-30 |
| DE102021132027A1 (de) | 2023-06-07 |
| WO2023104603A1 (de) | 2023-06-15 |
| KR20240097931A (ko) | 2024-06-27 |
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