EP4440987A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von silicium enthaltenden materialien - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von silicium enthaltenden materialienInfo
- Publication number
- EP4440987A1 EP4440987A1 EP21820604.3A EP21820604A EP4440987A1 EP 4440987 A1 EP4440987 A1 EP 4440987A1 EP 21820604 A EP21820604 A EP 21820604A EP 4440987 A1 EP4440987 A1 EP 4440987A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- lithium
- etching
- etched
- particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
- C01B33/037—Purification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K13/00—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions
- C09K13/02—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions containing an alkali metal hydroxide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for making silicon-containing materials usable by removing excess silicon from particle surfaces, and the use of the silicon-containing materials obtained in this way as active materials for anodes of lithium-ion batteries.
- Lithium-ion batteries are currently the most practicable electrochemical energy stores with the highest energy densities as storage media for electrical power.
- Lithium-ion batteries are mainly used in the field of portable electronics, for tools and also for electrically powered means of transport such as bicycles, scooters or automobiles.
- graphitic carbon is widely used as the active material for the negative electrode ("anode") of corresponding batteries.
- Anode is widely used as the active material for the negative electrode (“anode”) of corresponding batteries.
- a disadvantage is the relatively low electrochemical capacity of such graphitic carbons, which is theoretically at most 372 mAh per gram of graphite and thus corresponds to only about a tenth of the electrochemical capacity that can theoretically be achieved with lithium metal.
- Alternative active materials for the anode use an addition of silicon, as described, for example, in EP 1730800 B1, US Pat. No. 10,559,812 B2, US Pat. No. 10,819,400 B2, or EP 3335262 B1. Silicon forms binary electrochemically active alloys with lithium, which enable very high electrochemically achievable lithium contents of up to 3579 mAh per gram of silicon [M. Obrovac, V. L. Chevrier Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 11444].
- the surface of the silicon-containing active material reacts with components of the electrolyte with the continuous formation of passivating protective layers (Solid Electrolyte Interphase; SEI).
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interphase
- the components formed are no longer electrochemically active.
- the lithium bound in it is no longer available to the system, which leads to a pronounced continuous loss of battery capacity.
- the decrease in capacity over the course of several charging and discharging cycles is also referred to as fading or continuous loss of capacity and is usually irreversible.
- silicon-carbon composite particles have been described as active materials for anodes of lithium-ion batteries, in which the silicon is embedded in porous carbon particles starting from gaseous or liquid precursors.
- US Pat. No. 10, 147, 950 B2 describes the deposition of silicon from monosilane SiJU in a porous carbon in a tube furnace or comparable types of furnace at elevated temperatures of 300 to 900° C., preferably with movement of the particles, by an OVD (“ chemical vapor deposition”) or PE-CVD process ("plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition”).
- OVD chemical vapor deposition
- PE-CVD plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
- a mixture of 2 mol% monosilane with nitrogen f used as an inert gas.
- the low concentration of the silicon precursor in the gas mixture leads to very long reaction times.
- US Pat. No. 10,147,950 B2 discloses a large number of possible combinations of different temperature ranges from 300 to 900° C. with different pressure ranges from 0.01 to 100 bar for carrying out the deposition of silicon on and in porous starting materials.
- the silicon precursor used in this case monosilane SiH, is only present in the total gas volume in a low concentration of at most 5 mol %.
- the methods described above have a number of serious disadvantages.
- the silicon precursor is usually used in low absolute and partial pressure and thus low concentration, which requires long reaction times to achieve high silicon contents in the silicon-containing material, otherwise thick Si layers will form on the outside of the particles. These thick silicon layers are detrimental in that, in contact with the electrolyte and in the course of cycling, they lead to strong structuring of the particle surface in combination with constant regeneration of the SEI.
- the optimal setting of the process parameters requires precise knowledge of all reaction parameters, which usually have to be determined empirically.
- the porous matrices used show a certain range of variation with regard to their pore and particle size distribution, so that overinfiltration with silicon precursors, resulting in silicon layers that are too thick, cannot be ruled out.
- thick Si layers are formed if, for reasons of productivity, the infiltration takes place at a higher concentration of the Si precursor and/or at a higher temperature. In the course of these empirical investigations, the production of batches of material with disadvantageous product properties is unavoidable.
- the task was to find a method for utilizing batches of material with disadvantageous product properties, which makes it possible to use silicon-containing materials as active material in anodes of lithium-ion batteries with a high cycle stability.
- the invention relates to a method for producing etched silicon-containing materials, in which, in a first step, silicon is deposited in the pores and on the surface of the porous particles by thermal decomposition of silicon precursors on porous particles, with silicon-containing materials being formed, and in a second step a part of the deposited silicon of the silicon-containing materials is removed by etching.
- the object was essentially achieved by a method in which the excess silicon applied to the particle surface is removed from the surface in a targeted manner by etching the over-infiltrated particles.
- the disadvantageous effect of the particle structuring caused by the thick Si layers during cycling is surprisingly overcome by the method according to the invention.
- the silicon-containing material preferably consists of silicon-containing particles. These can be obtained, for example, by thermally decomposing one or more silicon precursors in the presence of one or more porous particles, as a result of which silicon is deposited in pores and on the surface of the porous particles.
- the silicon-containing material can be produced in any reactors customary for the deposition of silicon from silicon precursors.
- reactors selected from the group consisting of fluidized bed reactors, rotary kilns, which can be aligned in any arrangement, from horizontal to vertical, and fixed-bed reactors, which can be operated as open or closed systems, for example as pressure reactors.
- Particular preference is given to reactors which enable the porous particles and the silicon-containing material formed during the deposition to be mixed homogeneously with the silicon precursors. This is advantageous for the most homogeneous possible deposition of silicon in pores and on the surface of the porous particles.
- Most preferred reactors are fluidized bed reactors, rotary kilns or pressure reactors, in particular fluidized bed reactors or pressure reactors.
- the silicon precursor used contains at least one reactive component which can react to form silicon under the selected conditions, for example thermal treatment.
- the reactive component is preferably selected from the group containing silicon-hydrogen compounds such as monosilane SiH disilane Si2Hg and higher linear, branched or cyclic homologues, neo-pentasilane SisH ⁇ , cyclo-hexasilane SigHi2, chlorine-containing silanes such as trichlorosilane HSiClß , Dichlorosilane H2S1C12, chlorosilane H 3 SiCl, tetrachlorosilane SiCl hexachlorodisilane Si2Clg, and higher linear, branched or cyclic homologs, such as 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachlorodisilane C12HSi-SiHC12, chlorinated and partially chlorinated oligo- and polysilanes, methylchlorosilanes , such
- the reactive components can also contain other reactive constituents, such as dopants, for example based on boron, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, germanium, iron or compounds containing nickel.
- the dopants are preferably selected from the group comprising ammonia NH 3 , diborane B2H6, phosphine PH 3 , German GeH Arsan AsH 3 , iron pentacarbonyl Fe(CO) 4 and nickel tetracarbonyl Ni(CO) 4 .
- reactive components that can be contained in the reactive component include hydrogen or hydrocarbons selected from the group containing aliphatic hydrocarbons having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane , isobutane, hexane, cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane; unsaturated hydrocarbons having 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as ethene, acetylene, propene or butene, isoprene, butadiene, divinylbenzene, vinylacetylene, cyclohexadiene, cyclooctadiene, cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons such as cyclopropene, cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene, cyclopentadiene
- the process for Si deposition is preferably carried out in an inert gas atmosphere, for example in a nitrogen or argon atmosphere.
- the process can be carried out in a conventional manner current for the deposition of silicon from silicon precursors, with routine adjustments, if necessary, which will be normal to those skilled in the art.
- the porous particles for the method according to the invention are preferably selected from the group containing amorphous carbon in the form of hard carbon, soft carbon, mesocarbon microbeads, natural graphite or synthetic graphite, single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene, oxides such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon-aluminium mixed oxides , magnesium oxide, lead oxides and zirconium oxide, carbides such as silicon carbide and boron carbide, nitrides such as silicon nitride and boron nitride; and other ceramic materials as can be described by the following component formula:
- the ceramic materials can be, for example, binary, ternary, quaternary, quinary, senary or septernary compounds. Ceramic materials with the following component formulas are preferred:
- Non-stoichiometric boron nitrides BN Z with z 0.2 to 1
- Non-stoichiometric carbon nitrides CN Z with z 0.1 bis
- Silicon carbon oxides Si x CO z with x 0.1 to 2 and z 0.1 to 2, where x* 4 + 4 > z*2,
- the porous particles preferably have a density, determined by helium pycnometry, of from 0.1 to 7 g/cm 3 and particularly preferably from 0.3 to 3 g/cm 3 . This is advantageous for increasing the gravimetric capacity (mAh/cm 3 ) of lithium-ion batteries.
- Amorphous carbons, silicon dioxide, boron nitride, silicon carbide and silicon nitride or also mixed materials based on these materials are preferably used as porous particles, the use of amorphous carbons, boron nitride and silicon dioxide being particularly preferred.
- the porous particles have a volume-weighted particle size distribution with diameter percentiles dso of preferably >0.5 pm, more preferably >1.5 pm and most preferably >2 pm.
- the diameter percentiles dso are preferably ⁇ 20 pm, more preferably ⁇ 12 pm and most preferably ⁇ 8 pm.
- the volume-weighted particle size distribution of the porous particles is preferably between the diameter percentiles dio>0.2 pm and dgo ⁇ 20.0 pm, particularly preferably between dio>0.4 pm and dgo ⁇ 15.0 pm and most preferably between dio > 0.6 pm to dgo ⁇ 12.0 pm.
- the porous particles have a volume-weighted particle size distribution with diameter percentiles ⁇ of preferably ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, particularly preferably ⁇ 3 ⁇ m and most preferably ⁇ 2 ⁇ m.
- the diameter percentiles dio are preferably >0.2 pm, more preferably >0.5 and most preferably >1 pm.
- the porous particles have a volume-weighted particle size distribution with diameter percentiles dgo of preferably >4 pm and particularly preferably >8 pm.
- the diameter percentiles dgo are preferably ⁇ 18 pm, particularly preferably ⁇ 15 and most preferably ⁇ 13 pm.
- the volume-weighted particle size distribution of the porous particles has a width dgo-dio of preferably ⁇ 15.0 ⁇ m, more preferably ⁇ 12.0 ⁇ m, particularly preferably ⁇ 10.0 ⁇ m, particularly preferably ⁇ 8.0 ⁇ m and most preferably ⁇ 4. 0 p.m.
- the volume-weighted particle size distribution of the silicon-containing materials which can be produced by the process according to the invention has a width dgo-dio of preferably >0.6 ⁇ m, particularly preferably >0.8 ⁇ m and most preferably >1.0 ⁇ m.
- the volume-weighted particle size distribution of the porous particles can be determined according to ISO 13320 by means of static laser scattering using the Mie model with the Horiba LA 950 measuring device with ethanol as the dispersing medium for the porous particles.
- the particles can be isolated or agglomerated, for example.
- the porous particles are preferably non-aggregated and preferably non-agglomerated.
- Aggregated generally means that in the course of the production of the porous particles, primary particles are initially formed and grow together and/or primary particles are linked to one another, for example via covalent bonds, and in this way form aggregates.
- Primary particles are generally isolated particles.
- Aggregates or isolated particles can form agglomerates.
- Agglomerates are a loose aggregation of aggregates or primary particles that are linked to one another, for example, via van der Waals interactions or hydrogen bonds. Agglomerated aggregates can easily be split back into aggregates by common kneading and dispersing processes.
- Aggregates cannot be broken down into the primary particles, or only partially, with these methods.
- the presence of the porous particles in the form of aggregates, agglomerates or isolated particles can be made visible, for example, by means of conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscopy
- Static light scattering methods for determining the particle size distributions or particle diameters of matrix particles on the other hand, cannot differentiate between aggregates or agglomerates.
- the porous particles can have any morphology, for example be splintered, platy, spherical or acicular, with splintered or spherical particles are preferred.
- the morphology can be characterized by the sphericity ijj or the sphericity S, for example.
- the sphericity ijj is the ratio of the surface area of a sphere of equal volume to the actual surface area of a body. In the case of a sphere, the value is 1.
- the porous particles for the process according to the invention have a sphericity ijj of preferably 0.3 to 1.0, particularly preferably 0.5 to 1.0 and most preferably 0.65 to 1.0.
- the sphericity S is preferably in the range from 0.5 to 1.0 and particularly preferably from 0.65 to 1.0, based on the Percentiles Sio to S90 of the sphericity number distribution.
- the sphericity S is measured, for example, using images of individual particles with an optical microscope or, for particles ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, preferably with a scanning electron microscope, by graphical evaluation using image analysis software such as ImageJ.
- the porous particles preferably have a gas-accessible pore volume of >0.2 cm 3 /g, particularly preferably >0.6 cm 3 /g and most preferably >1.0 cm 3 /g. This is conducive to obtaining high-capacity lithium-ion batteries.
- the gas-accessible pore volume was determined by gas sorption measurements with nitrogen in accordance with DIN 66134.
- the porous particles are preferably open-pored.
- Open-pored generally means that pores are connected to the surface of particles, for example via channels, and can preferably exchange material with the environment, in particular exchange gaseous compounds. This can be determined by means of gas sorption measurements (evaluation according to Brun Auer, Emmett and Teller, "BET"), i.e. the specific surface area.
- the porous particles have specific surface areas of preferably >100 m 2 /g, particularly preferably >500 m 2 /g, particularly preferably >1000 m 2 / g and most preferably >1500 m 2 /g
- the BET surface area is determined according to DIN 66131 (with nitrogen).
- the pores of the porous particles can have any diameter, ie generally in the range of macropores (above 50 nm), mesopores (2-50 nm) and micropores (less than 2 nm).
- the porous particles can be used in any mixtures of different pore types. Preference is given to using porous particles with less than 30% macropores, based on the total pore volume, particularly preferably porous particles without macropores and very particularly preferably porous particles having at least 50% pores with an average pore diameter of less than 5 nm.
- the porous particles exclusively have pores with a pore diameter of less than 2 nm (determination method: pore size distribution according to BJH (gas adsorption) according to DIN 66134 in the mesopore range and according to Horvath-Kawazoe (gas adsorption) according to DIN 66135 in the micropore range; the assessment of the pore size distribution in the macro - pore area is determined by mercury porosimetry according to DIN ISO 15901-1).
- the gas-inaccessible pore volume can be determined using the following formula:
- Gas-inaccessible pore volume 1 / pure material density - 1 / skeletal density .
- the pure material density is a theoretical density of the porous particles, based on the phase composition or the density of the pure material (density of the material as if it had no closed porosity). Data on pure material densities can be found by a person skilled in the art, for example, in the Ceramic Data Portal of the National Institute of Standards (NIST, https://srdata.nist.gov/CeramicDataPortal/scd).
- the pure material density of silicon oxide is 2.20 g/cm 3
- that of boron nitride is 2.25 g/cm 3
- that of silicon nitride is 3.44 g/cm 3
- that of silicon carbide is 3.21 g/cm 3 .
- the skeletal density is the actual density of the porous particles (gas-accessible) determined by helium pycnometry.
- the porous particles are different from the silicon-containing material.
- the porous particles function as a starting material for producing the silicon-containing material.
- the silicon-containing material obtainable by the process according to the invention by depositing silicon in pores and on the surface of the porous particles has a volume-weighted particle size distribution with diameter percentiles dso preferably in a range from 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the dso value is preferably at least 1.5 pm, and particularly preferably at least 2.0 pm.
- the diameter percentiles dso are preferably at most 13 ⁇ m and particularly preferably at most 8 ⁇ m.
- the volume weighted particle size distribution of the silicon containing material is preferably between the diameter percentiles dio d 0.2 pm and dgo d 20.0 pm, more preferably between dio - 0.4 pm and dgo d 15.0 pm and most preferably between dio - 0.6 pm to dgo d 12.0 pm.
- the silicon-containing material has a volume-weighted particle size distribution with diameter percentiles ⁇ of preferably ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, particularly preferably ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, particularly preferably d 3 ⁇ m and most preferably d 1 ⁇ m.
- the diameter Ser percentiles dio are preferably >0.2 pm, more preferably >0.4 pm and most preferably >0.6 pm.
- the silicon-containing material has a volume-weighted particle size distribution with diameter percentiles dgo of preferably >5 gm and particularly preferably >10 gm.
- the diameter percentiles dgo are preferably ⁇ 20 gm, particularly preferably ⁇ 15 gm and most preferably d 12 gm .
- the volume-weighted particle size distribution of the silicon-containing material has a width dgo-dio of preferably d 15.0 gm, more preferably ⁇ 12.0 gm, more preferably ⁇ 10.0 gm, particularly preferably d 8.0 gm and most preferably ⁇ 4 .0 gm.
- the volume-weighted particle size distribution of the silicon-containing material has a width dgo-dio of preferably >0.6 gm, more preferably >0.8 gm and most preferably >1.0 gm.
- the silicon-containing material is preferably in the form of particles.
- the particles can be isolated or agglomerated.
- the siliceous material is preferably non-aggregated and preferably non-agglomerated.
- isolated, agglomerated and non-aggregated are defined above with respect to the porous particles.
- the presence of silicon-containing materials in the form of aggregates or agglomerates can be visualized, for example, using conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
- the silicon-containing material can have any morphology, that is, for example, be splintered, flaky, spherical or needle-shaped, with splintered or spherical particles being preferred.
- the sphericity ijj is the ratio of the surface area of a sphere of equal volume to the actual surface area of a body. In the case of a sphere has the value 1. According to this definition, after the Silicon-containing materials obtainable according to the invention have a sphericity ijj of preferably 0.3 to 1.0, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0 and most preferably 0.65 to 1.0.
- S would have the value 1.
- the sphericity S is preferably in the range from 0.5 to 1.0 and particularly preferably from 0.65 to 1.0 on the percentiles Sio to S90 of the sphericity number distribution.
- the sphericity S is measured, for example, using images of individual particles with an optical microscope or, in the case of particles smaller than 10 ⁇ m, preferably with a scanning electron microscope, by graphical evaluation using image analysis software such as ImageJ.
- the cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries can be further increased via the morphology, the material composition, in particular the specific surface area or the internal porosity of the silicon-containing material.
- the silicon-containing material preferably contains 10 to 90% by weight, more preferably 20 to 80% by weight, particularly preferably 30 to 60% by weight and particularly preferably 40 to 50% by weight of porous particles, based on the Total weight of siliceous material.
- the silicon-containing material contains preferably 10 to 90% by weight, more preferably 20 to 80% by weight, particularly preferably 30 to 60% by weight and particularly preferably 40 to 50% by weight via the deposition from the silicon Precursor silicon obtained, based on the total weight of the silicon-containing material (preferably determined by means of elemental analysis, such as ICP-OES). If the porous particles contain silicon compounds, for example in the form of silicon dioxide, the aforementioned weight. - Determine % information for the silicon obtained via the deposition from the silicon precursor by subtracting the silicon mass of the porous particles, determined by elemental analysis, from the silicon mass of the silicon-containing material, determined by elemental analysis, and dividing the result by the mass of the silicon-containing material .
- the volume of the silicon contained in the silicon-containing material obtained via the deposition from the silicon precursor results from the mass fraction of the silicon obtained via the deposition from the silicon precursor in the total mass of the silicon-containing material divided by the density of silicon ( 2 , 336 g/ cm3 ).
- the pore volume P of the silicon-containing materials results from the sum of gas-accessible and gas-inaccessible pore volumes.
- the gas-accessible pore volume according to Gurwitsch of the silicon-containing material can be determined by gas sorption measurements with nitrogen in accordance with DIN 66134.
- the gas-inaccessible pore volume of the silicon-containing material can be determined using the formula:
- Gas-inaccessible pore volume 1/pure material density - 1/skeletal density.
- the pore volume P of the silicon-containing materials ranges from 0 to 400 vol. -%, preferably in the range of 100 to 350 vol. -% and particularly preferably in the range of 200 to 350 vol. -% based on the volume of silicon contained in the silicon-containing material obtained from the deposition from the silicon precursor silicon.
- the porosity contained in the silicon-containing material can be either gas-accessible or gas-inaccessible.
- the ratio of the volume of gas-accessible to gas-inaccessible porosity of the silicon-containing material can generally range from 0 (no gas-accessible pores) to 1 (all pores are gas-accessible).
- the ratio of the volume of gas-accessible to gas-inaccessible porosity of the silicon-containing material is preferably in the range from 0 to 0.8, particularly preferably in the range from 0 to 0.3 and particularly preferably from 0 to 0.1.
- the pores of the silicon-containing material can have any diameter, for example in the range of macropores (>50 nm), mesopores (2-50 nm) and micropores ( ⁇ 2 nm).
- the silicon-containing material can also contain any mixtures of different pore types.
- the silicon-containing material preferably contains at most 30% macropores, based on the total pore volume, a silicon-containing material without macropores is particularly preferred and a silicon-containing material with at least 50% pores, based on the total pore volume, with an average pore diameter of less than 5 nm .
- the silicon-containing material particularly preferably has exclusively pores with a diameter of at most 2 nm.
- the silicon-containing material has silicon structures which, in at least one dimension, have structure sizes of preferably no more than 1000 nm, more preferably less than 100 nm, particularly preferably less than 5 nm (determination method: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and/or high-resolution transmissions -Electron-Microscopy (HR-TEM)) have.
- SEM scanning electron microscopy
- HR-TEM high-resolution transmissions -Electron-Microscopy
- the silicon-containing material preferably contains silicon layers with a layer thickness of less than 1000 nm, more preferably less than 100 nm, particularly preferably less than 5 nm (determination method: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and/or high-resolution transmission electron microscopy ( HRTEM) ) .
- the silicon-containing material can also contain silicon in the form of particles. Silicon particles have a diameter of preferably at most 1000 nm, more preferably less than 100 nm, particularly preferably less than 5 nm (determination method: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and/or high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM)) .
- the information about the silicon particles preferably relates to the diameter of the circumference of the particles in the microscope image.
- the silicon deposited from the silicon precursor can contain dopants in the silicon-containing material, for example selected from the group consisting of Li, Fe, Al, Cu, Ca, K, Na, S, Cl, Zr, Ti, Pt, Ni, Cr, Sn, Mg, Ag, Co, Zn, B, P, Sb, Pb, Ge, Bi, rare earths or combinations thereof. Lithium and/or tin are preferred.
- the content of dopants in the silicon-containing material is preferably at most 1 wt. -% and particularly preferably at most 100 ppm based on the total weight of the silicon-containing material, determinable by means of TCP-OES.
- the silicon-containing material generally has a surprisingly high stability under pressure and/or shear stress.
- the pressure stability and the shear stability of the silicon-containing material is shown, for example, by the fact that the silicon-containing material under pressure (e.g. during electrode compaction) or shearing stress (e.g. during electrode preparation) shows little or no change in its porous structure in the SEM.
- the silicon-containing material can optionally contain additional elements such as carbon.
- Carbon is preferably contained in the form of thin layers with a layer thickness of at most 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 100 nm, particularly preferably less than 5 nm and very particularly preferably less than 1 nm (determinable via SEM or HR-TEM).
- the carbon layers can be present both in the pores and on the surface of the silicon-containing material.
- the sequence of different layers in the silicon-containing material is also arbitrary. Thus, on the porous particles there can initially be a layer of another material that is different from the porous particles, such as carbon, for example, and a layer of silicon or a layer of silicon particles can be present thereon.
- a layer of another material can also be present on the silicon layer or on the layer of silicon particles, which can be different from or the same as the material of the porous particles, regardless of whether it is between the porous particles and the silicon layer or the layer consisting of silicon particles a further layer of a material different from the material of the porous particles is present.
- the silicon-containing material preferably contains ⁇ 50 wt. -%, particularly preferably ⁇ 40 wt. -% and particularly preferably d 20 wt. -% of additional items .
- the silicon-containing material preferably contains> 1 wt. -%, particularly preferably> 3 wt. -% and particularly preferably> 2 wt. -% of additional items .
- the information in wt. -% refer to the total weight of the silicon-containing material.
- the silicon-containing material contains no additional elements.
- part of the deposited silicon of the silicon-containing materials is removed by etching. This removes coarse silicon, also known as excess silicon. The fine silicon is desirable and will remain on and in the etched silicon containing materials.
- the amount of excess silicon on the deposited silicon after etching is less than 3% by weight, more preferably less than 1% by weight, most preferably less than 0.1% by weight.
- the determination of fine and coarse silicon in a sample can be carried out using TGA measurements via the reaction of silicon with oxygen to form SiC>2.
- the ability to distinguish different silicon species can be explained by the fact that thin silicon layers show a higher reactivity towards oxygen than thick layers or silicon particles.
- thin Si layers react in TGA measurements even at low temperatures (400-650°C) (increase in mass) and thick layers or coarse silicon structures only show a reaction at temperatures of more than 700°C.
- silicon-containing composites to be used as anode active materials do not show any mass increase in a TGA measurement under an oxygen-containing atmosphere at temperatures above 800°C. This method can also be used to determine the elemental silicon content. Silicon previously oxidized and passivated by contact with air no longer takes part in the reaction and is therefore not taken into account in the TGA measurements.
- the proportion of coarse silicon must be multiplied by the proportion of deposited silicon in the material.
- silicon can be removed from surfaces in various ways.
- a liquid or gaseous etching medium is particularly suitable for this.
- the wet-chemical route based on HF under oxidizing conditions e.g. as a mixture with HNO3 and acetic acid - HNA, CP4
- basic solutions for example solutions containing KOH, on the other , tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) , NaOH, LiOH, CsOH, NH 4 OH, Mg(OH) 2 , Ca(OH) 2 , Ba(OH) 2 , ethylenediamine (EDP) .
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- wet-chemical etchings can be carried out at room temperature (25° C.), but also at elevated temperatures below the boiling point of the solutions to accelerate the reaction.
- energy can also be introduced into the system via microwave or ultrasonic treatment. Etching processes below room temperature ( ⁇ 25°C) are also conceivable.
- etching processes using the gas phase are also known.
- XeF 2 or SFg for example, can be used here as the gaseous etching medium, with a plasma being induced.
- Etching can be done either iteratively (deficit of etching medium) while controlling the coarse silicon content, or by etching matched to the amount of coarse silicon (calculated amount of etching medium).
- the materials containing the etched silicon are preferably washed with a washing medium, preferably water. After washing, the materials containing etched silicon are preferably separated from the washing medium and dried.
- the etched silicon-containing material preferably has a specific surface area of at most 80 m 2 /g, more preferably less than 30 m 2 /g, and most preferably less than 10 m 2 /g.
- the BET surface area is determined according to DIN 66131 (with nitrogen).
- Another object of the invention is the use of the etched silicon-containing material as an active material in anode materials for anodes of lithium-ion batteries and the use of such anodes for the production of lithium-ion batteries.
- the anode material is preferably based on a mixture comprising the etched silicon-containing material obtainable by the method according to the invention, one or more binders, optionally graphite as an additional active material, optionally one or more additional electrically conductive components and optionally one or more additives.
- the contact resistances within the electrode and between the electrode and current collector can be reduced, which improves the current carrying capacity of the lithium-ion battery according to the invention.
- Preferred other electrically conductive components are, for example, conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes or metallic particles such as copper.
- the anode material preferably contains 0 to 95 wt. -%, particularly preferably 0 to 40 wt. -% and most preferably 0 to 25 wt. -% on one or more other electric conductive components, based on the total weight of the anode material.
- the etched silicon-containing material may be present in the anodes for lithium-ion batteries at preferably 5 to 100% by weight, more preferably 30 to 100% by weight and most preferably 60 to 100% by weight based on the total active material contained in the anode material.
- Preferred binders are polyacrylic acid or its alkali, in particular lithium or sodium salts, polyvinyl alcohols, cellulose or cellulose derivatives, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyolefins, polyimides, in particular polyamide amide imides, or thermoplastic elastomers, in particular ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers .
- the alkali metal salts, in particular lithium or sodium salts, of the aforementioned binders are also particularly preferred. All or preferably a proportion of the acid groups of a binder can be present in the form of salts.
- the binders have a molar mass of preferably 100,000 to 1,000,000 g/mol. Mixtures of two or more binders can also be used.
- Natural or synthetic graphite can generally be used as the graphite.
- the graphite particles preferably have a volume-weighted particle size distribution between the diameter percentiles dio>0.2 pm and dgo ⁇ 200 pm.
- additives are pore formers, dispersants, leveling agents or dopants, for example elemental lithium.
- Preferred formulations for the anode material preferably contain 5 to 95% by weight of the silicon-containing material, 0 to 90% by weight, further electrically conductive components, 0 to 90% by weight graphite, 0 to 25% by weight, binder and 0 to 80% by weight of additives, the percentages by weight relating to the total weight of the anode material and the proportions all components of the anode material to 100 wt. - % add up .
- the processing of the components of the anode material to an anode ink or. paste is preferably carried out in a solvent, preferably selected from the group consisting of water, hexane, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, acetone, ethyl acetate, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylacetamide and ethanol and mixtures of these solvents, preferably using of rotor-stator machines, high-energy mills, planetary kneaders, agitator bead mills, vibrating plates or ultrasonic devices.
- a solvent preferably selected from the group consisting of water, hexane, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, acetone, ethyl acetate, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylacetamide and ethanol and
- the anode ink -paste has a pH of preferably 2 to 8.5 (determined at 20 ° C, for example with the pH meter from WTW pH 340i with probe SenTix RJD).
- the anode ink or paste can be squeegeed onto a copper foil or other current collector.
- Other coating methods such as spin coating, roller, dip or slot coating, brushing or spraying, can also be used according to the invention.
- the copper foil Before the copper foil is coated with the anode material according to the invention, the copper foil can be treated with a commercially available primer, for example based on polymer resins or silanes. Primers can lead to improved adhesion to the copper, but themselves generally have practically no electrochemical activity.
- the anode material is generally dried to constant weight.
- the drying temperature depends on the components used and the solvent used. It is preferably between 20 and 300° C.
- the layer thickness, ie the dry layer thickness of the anode coating, is preferably 2 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the electrode coatings can be calendered to set a defined porosity.
- the electrodes produced in this way preferably have porosities of 15 to 85%, which can be determined via mercury porosimetry according to DIN ISO 15901-1. In this case, preferably 25 to 85% of the pore volume that can be determined in this way is provided by pores which have a pore diameter of 0.01 to 2 ⁇ m.
- lithium-ion batteries comprising a cathode, an anode containing the etched silicon-containing material, two electrically conductive connections to the electrodes, a separator and an electrolyte with which the separator and the two electrodes are impregnated, as well as a housing accommodating the parts mentioned.
- lithium-ion battery also includes cells.
- Cells generally include a cathode, an anode, a separator, and an electrolyte.
- lithium ion batteries preferably also contain a battery management system. Battery management systems are generally used to control batteries, for example by means of electronic circuits, in particular for detecting the state of charge, for deep discharge protection or overcharging protection.
- Lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium nickel cobalt oxide (doped or undoped), lithium manganese oxide (spinel), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxides, lithium nickel manganese oxides, lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate, lithium vanadium phosphate, or lithium vanadium oxides can be used according to the invention as preferred cathode materials.
- Cyclic carbonates propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, gamma-butyrolactone, dioxolane, acetonitrile, organic carbonic acid esters or nitriles, individually or as mixtures thereof, are preferably used as solvents.
- the electrolyte preferably contains a film former, such as vinylene carbonate or fluoroethylene carbonate.
- a film former such as vinylene carbonate or fluoroethylene carbonate.
- the first or initial charging/discharging cycle of secondary lithium-ion cells leads to the formation of a covering layer on the surface of the electrochemically active materials in the anode.
- This top layer is called “Solid Electrolyte Interphase” (SEI) and usually consists mainly of electrolyte decomposition products and a certain amount of lithium, which is no longer available for further charge/discharge reactions.
- SEI Solid Electrolyte Interphase
- the thickness and composition of the SEI depends on the type and quality of the anode material used and the electrolyte solution used.
- the SEI is particularly thin in the case of graphite. On graphite, a loss of typically 5 to 35% of the mobile lithium occurs in the first charging step. The reversible capacity of the battery also decreases accordingly.
- Silicon-containing material is characterized by a clear improved electrochemical behavior and leads to lithium-ion batteries with high volumetric capacities and excellent application properties.
- the material containing etched silicon obtained by the method according to the invention is permeable to lithium ions and electrons and thus enables charge transport.
- the SEI in lithium-ion batteries can be reduced to a large extent with the material containing etched silicon obtained by the process according to the invention.
- the SEI no longer detaches from the surface of the active material, or at least to a far lesser extent. All of this leads to a high cycle stability of corresponding lithium-ion batteries whose anodes contain the material containing etched silicon that can be obtained by the method according to the invention.
- Inorganic analysis/elemental analysis The C contents given in the examples were determined using a Leco CS 230 analyzer to determine 0 and, if applicable, N or A Leco TCH-600 analyzer was used for H levels. The qualitative and quantitative determination of other The elements specified were carried out by means of TCP (inductively coupled plasma) emission spectrometry (Optima 7300 DV, Perkin Elmer). For this purpose, the samples were acidically digested (HF/HNO3) in a microwave (Microwave 3000, Anton Paar).
- TCP inductively coupled plasma
- Optima 7300 DV Perkin Elmer
- the ICP-OES determination is based on ISO 11885 "Water quality - Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (ISO 11885:2007); German version EN ISO 11885:2009", which is used to analyze acidic, aqueous solutions (e.g. acidified drinking water, waste water and other water samples, aqua regia extracts from soil and sediments).
- ISO 11885 Water quality - Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (ISO 11885:2007); German version EN ISO 11885:2009”, which is used to analyze acidic, aqueous solutions (e.g. acidified drinking water, waste water and other water samples, aqua regia extracts from soil and sediments).
- the particle size distribution was determined according to ISO 13320 by means of static laser scattering with a Horiba LA 950.
- special care must be taken to disperse the particles in the measurement solution so that the size of individual particles is not measured of agglomerates to measure.
- the particles were dispersed in ethanol for the measurement.
- the dispersion was treated with 250 W ultrasound for 4 minutes in a Hielscher ultrasonic laboratory device model UIS250v with sonotrode LS24d5.
- the specific surface area of the materials was measured by gas adsorption with nitrogen using a Sorptomatic 199090 (Porotec) or SA-9603MP (Horiba) device according to the BET method (determination according to DIN ISO 9277:2003-05 with nitrogen).
- the skeletal density i.e. the density of the porous solid based on the volume excluding the pore spaces accessible to gas from the outside, was determined using He pycnometry in accordance with DIN 66137-2.
- Gas accessible pore volume The gas-accessible pore volume according to Gurwitsch was determined by gas sorption measurements with nitrogen in accordance with DIN 66134.
- Thermogravimetry (TGA) and Coarse Silicon Determination Thermogravimetry (TGA) and Coarse Silicon Determination: The reactivity of the powders towards oxygen was determined by TGA measurements in pure oxygen in a temperature window of 25-1000°C using a heating rate of 5 K/min.
- the used SiH of quality 4.0 was purchased from Linde GmbH.
- Porous carbon particles with the following properties were used: BET surface area: 2140 m 2 /g Gurvich PV: 1.01 cm 3 /g
- phase 1 an autoclave was filled with 10.04 g of porous material and sealed.
- phase 2 the autoclave was first evacuated. A quantity of 16.6 g of SiH4 was then subjected to a pressure of 15.5 bar.
- phase 3 the autoclave was heated to a temperature of 420° C. within 2.5 hours, and the temperature was maintained in phase 4 for 60 minutes.
- phase 5 the autoclave cooled down to room temperature within 12 hours. After cooling, a print remained of 37.6 bar on the autoclave.
- the pressure in the autoclave was reduced to 1 bar in phase 6 and then flushed five times with nitrogen, five times with lean air with an oxygen content of 5%, five times with lean air with an oxygen content of 10% and then five times with air.
- a 22 g quantity of siliceous material was isolated in phase 7 as a black, fine solid. The silicon content was 57.5% by weight.
- Example 2 (BeS06956) Removal of excess silicon by etching with a quantity of caustic soda tailored to the coarse silicon content
- the properties of the treated Si composite can be found in Table 1 (excess silicon 0.0% by weight, surface area BET 64 m 2 /g). The silicon content was 48.0% by weight. wt%
- the ink was again degassed in a planetary mixer at 1500 rpm for 5 minutes.
- the finished dispersion was then applied to a copper foil with a thickness of 0.03 mm (Schlenk metal foils, SE-Cu58) applied.
- the anode coating produced in this way was then dried at 50° C. and 1 bar air pressure for 60 minutes.
- the average basis weight of the dry anode coating was 1.9 mg/cm 2 and the coating density was 0.9 g/cm 3 .
- the electrochemical investigations were carried out on a button cell (type CR2032, Hohsen Corp.) in a 2-electrode arrangement.
- a glass fiber filter paper (Whatman, GD Type D) saturated with 60 ⁇ l of electrolyte served as a separator (Dm 16 mm).
- the electrolyte used consisted of a 1.0 molar solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate in a 1:4 (v/v) mixture of fluoroethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate.
- the cell was constructed in a glove box ( ⁇ 1 ppm H2O, O2), the water content in the dry matter of all components used was below 20 ppm.
- the electrochemical testing was carried out at 20°C.
- the cell was charged using the cc/cv method (constant current/constant voltage) with a constant current of 12 mA/g (corresponding to C/10) in the first cycle and 60 mA/g (corresponding to C/2) in the subsequent cycles and after reaching the voltage limit of 4.2 V with constant voltage until the current falls below 1.2 mA/g (corresponding to C/100) or 15 mA/g (corresponding to C/8) .
- the cell was discharged using the cc method (constant current) with a constant current of 12 mA/g (corresponding to C/10) in the first cycle and 60 mA/g (corresponding to C/2) in the subsequent cycles to Reaching the voltage limit of 2.5 V.
- the specific current chosen was based on the weight of the positive electrode coating.
- the ratio of the cell's charge to discharge capacity is called the Coulomb efficiency.
- the electrodes were chosen in such a way that a capacitance ratio of cathode to anode of 1:1.2 was set.
- Comparative Example 5 Excessive removal of excess silicon by etching with an amount of caustic soda tailored to the coarse silicon content
- the properties of the treated Si composite can be found in Table 1 (excess silicon 0.0% by weight, BET surface area 170 m 2 /g). The silicon content was 41.6% by weight. wt%. Table 1: Properties of the etched silicon-containing materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2021/083993 WO2023099002A1 (de) | 2021-12-02 | 2021-12-02 | Verfahren zur herstellung von silicium enthaltenden materialien |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4440987A1 true EP4440987A1 (de) | 2024-10-09 |
Family
ID=78824644
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21820604.3A Pending EP4440987A1 (de) | 2021-12-02 | 2021-12-02 | Verfahren zur herstellung von silicium enthaltenden materialien |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250015259A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4440987A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP7799059B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20240091284A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN118339107A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023099002A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102024204938A1 (de) * | 2024-05-28 | 2025-12-04 | Powerco Se | Rezeptur & Design einer Anodenbeschichtung basierend auf einem Graphite-Silizium Aktivmaterialgemisch für eine Lithium-Ionen-Batterie |
| CN119841320B (zh) * | 2024-12-03 | 2025-11-21 | 宜都兴发化工有限公司 | 一种高硅渣衍生多孔负极材料的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2372904A1 (fr) * | 1976-11-19 | 1978-06-30 | Ibm | Composition de decapage du silicium polycristallin contenant de l'hydroxyde de tetramethylammonium et procede d'application |
| US6372618B2 (en) * | 2000-01-06 | 2002-04-16 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Methods of forming semiconductor structures |
| DE102004016766A1 (de) | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-20 | Degussa | Nanoskalige Siliziumpartikel in negativen Elektrodenmaterialien für Lithium-Ionen-Batterien |
| TW200842970A (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2008-11-01 | Mallinckrodt Baker Inc | Polysilicon planarization solution for planarizing low temperature poly-silicon thin filim panels |
| CN101453016A (zh) * | 2007-11-29 | 2009-06-10 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 负极活性材料及其制备方法和负极及锂离子电池 |
| DE102011008814B4 (de) | 2011-01-19 | 2026-03-12 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von einem Kohlenstoffträger mit auf der Oberfläche befindlichen nanoskaligen Siliciumpartikeln sowie ein entsprechender Kohlenstoffträger insbesondere für den Einsatz in Akkumulatoren |
| EP2514799A1 (de) * | 2011-04-21 | 2012-10-24 | Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials LLC | Verbesserte polykristalline Strukturierungszusammensetzung und Verfahren |
| GB2492167C (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2018-12-05 | Nexeon Ltd | Structured particles |
| TW201529473A (zh) * | 2013-06-24 | 2015-08-01 | Dow Corning | 自矽組成物移除矽化物之方法以及以此等方法製造之產品 |
| US10396865B2 (en) | 2015-03-19 | 2019-08-27 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Spectral analysis signal identification |
| US9502238B2 (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2016-11-22 | Lam Research Corporation | Deposition of conformal films by atomic layer deposition and atomic layer etch |
| DE102015215415A1 (de) | 2015-08-12 | 2017-02-16 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Siliciumpartikel enthaltende Anodenmaterialien für Lithium-Ionen-Batterien |
| CN119419246A (zh) | 2015-08-28 | 2025-02-11 | 14集团技术公司 | 具有极其持久的锂嵌入的新型材料及其制造方法 |
| JP6433442B2 (ja) | 2016-01-04 | 2018-12-05 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質、非水電解質二次電池用負極、及び非水電解質二次電池、並びに非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質の製造方法 |
| KR20250163427A (ko) * | 2018-02-15 | 2025-11-20 | 더 리서치 파운데이션 포 더 스테이트 유니버시티 오브 뉴욕 | 규소-탄소 나노 재료, 이의 제조방법, 및 이의 용도 |
| GB2584615C (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2023-10-25 | Nexeon Ltd | Electroactive materials for metal-ion batteries |
| GB2580033B (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2021-03-10 | Nexeon Ltd | Electroactive materials for metal-Ion batteries |
| WO2021193737A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-09-30 | 株式会社トクヤマ | 多孔質シリコン微粒子およびその製造方法 |
| CN113471419A (zh) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-10-01 | 济南精智方正新材料有限公司 | 一种硅碳复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
-
2021
- 2021-12-02 US US18/713,207 patent/US20250015259A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-02 KR KR1020247018352A patent/KR20240091284A/ko active Pending
- 2021-12-02 CN CN202180104609.1A patent/CN118339107A/zh active Pending
- 2021-12-02 JP JP2024532795A patent/JP7799059B2/ja active Active
- 2021-12-02 WO PCT/EP2021/083993 patent/WO2023099002A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-12-02 EP EP21820604.3A patent/EP4440987A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023099002A1 (de) | 2023-06-08 |
| CN118339107A (zh) | 2024-07-12 |
| US20250015259A1 (en) | 2025-01-09 |
| JP7799059B2 (ja) | 2026-01-14 |
| JP2024544769A (ja) | 2024-12-04 |
| KR20240091284A (ko) | 2024-06-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3103149B1 (de) | Si/g/c-komposite für lithium-ionen-batterien | |
| EP3535793B1 (de) | Kohlenstoff-beschichtete siliciumpartikel für lithiumionen-batterien | |
| DE112012001289B4 (de) | Silicium-Kohlenstoff-Verbundanodenmaterial für Lithiumionenbatterien und Herstellungsverfahren dafür | |
| EP3580798B1 (de) | Kern-schale-kompositpartikel für lithium-ionen-batterien | |
| EP3580797A1 (de) | Kern-schale-kompositpartikel für anodenmaterialien von lithium-ionen-batterien | |
| EP3545572A1 (de) | Kern-schale-kompositpartikel für anodenmaterialien von lithium-ionen-batterien | |
| DE102016202458A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Si/C-Kompositpartikeln | |
| EP4377259B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von silicium enthaltenden materialien in einem kaskadenreaktorsystem | |
| EP4146594A1 (de) | Silicium-kohlenstoff-kompositpartikel | |
| EP3580796A1 (de) | Siliciumpartikel für anodenmaterialien von lithium-ionen-batterien | |
| EP4337607B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines silicium-komposits | |
| WO2023099002A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von silicium enthaltenden materialien | |
| EP4204360B1 (de) | Silicium enthaltende materialien | |
| EP4433422A1 (de) | Silicium-subhalogenid-enthaltende kompositpartikel | |
| EP4222292A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von silicium enthaltenden materialien | |
| DE102024205767A1 (de) | Silicium-Kohlenstoff-Komposite und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung | |
| WO2025031558A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von silicium-kohlenstoff- kompositpartikeln |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20240523 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20241031 |
|
| P01 | Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered |
Free format text: CASE NUMBER: APP_61895/2024 Effective date: 20241119 |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) |