EP4437641A1 - Elektromotor - Google Patents
ElektromotorInfo
- Publication number
- EP4437641A1 EP4437641A1 EP23710238.9A EP23710238A EP4437641A1 EP 4437641 A1 EP4437641 A1 EP 4437641A1 EP 23710238 A EP23710238 A EP 23710238A EP 4437641 A1 EP4437641 A1 EP 4437641A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electric motor
- cooling plate
- circuit boards
- cooling
- heat pipes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
- H02K9/225—Heat pipes
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electric motor with a stator-side bar winding.
- Electric motors can have a bar winding on the stator side.
- the stator has a series of rods as field conductors instead of wound wire conductors.
- the rods have low inductance compared to conventional windings. Therefore, a comparatively high current flow is required to generate a given magnetic field.
- this high current flow only requires a comparatively low voltage of, for example, 12 V due to the low resistance of the rods.
- the low voltage makes it possible to arrange the components of the inverter, which are used to control the rods, at short distances from one another.
- the components of the power electronics can be arranged on one or more circuit boards that are arranged close to the electric motor.
- the electric motor according to the invention comprises a stator with a plurality of field conductors designed as rods. Furthermore, the electric motor comprises a plurality of inverters for controlling the field conductors, the inverters being arranged on one or more circuit boards and the circuit boards being arranged on at least one cooling plate. Furthermore, there is at least one heat pipe, the evaporator side of which is arranged in the cooling plate and the condenser side of which is arranged outside the cooling plate.
- the heat pipe can also transport away the high amounts of spatially concentrated power loss that occurs in this structure.
- a forced air flow does not have to be generated, at least in the immediate vicinity of the circuit boards, which is why moving parts are eliminated, at least there.
- the heat pipe can be designed in a straight line and, when the electric motor is set up as intended, can be arranged with an inclination of at least 10° to the horizontal.
- the inclination can also be at least 20° and, in special embodiments, at least 45° or at least 60°.
- the direction of the inclination is expediently such that the condenser lies above the evaporator. Since the horizontal inclination of heat pipes influences the efficiency, i.e. the heat conduction, this advantageously ensures optimal efficiency of the heat pipe.
- An inclination of 10° depends on the type and design of the heat pipe achieves a heat transport performance of 80% or more of the maximum possible performance, while this value drops quickly and sharply below 10 °.
- the circuit boards can be designed in the shape of a circle or ring sector. Circuit boards with this shape can be assembled into a circle or ring and thus arranged at an axial end of the machine in an optimally adapted manner to the shape of the electrical machine, while at the same time achieving a high level of modularity.
- axial refers to the axis of the rotor and thus to the corresponding axis of symmetry of the stator.
- Axial describes a direction parallel to this axis
- radial describes a direction orthogonal to the axis, towards it or away from it
- tangential is a direction that is directed in a circle around the axis at a constant radial distance from the axis and at a constant axial position.
- the expression “in the circumferential direction” is equivalent to “tangential”.
- the cooling plate can be arranged perpendicular to the axis of the electrical machine. In this way, the cooling plate with the circuit boards can be arranged at an axial end of the electrical machine to save space.
- a plurality of cooling plates can also be axially offset and arranged close to one another. At the same time, this offers the simple possibility of arranging the heat pipe or several heat pipes vertically or almost vertically when the machine is set up as intended and thus achieve optimal heat transport. Furthermore, with such an arrangement there is a uniform distance between the cooling plate and the power electronics are added to the rods that form the field conductors, which simplifies the contacting of the rods.
- the cooling plate can be covered with circuit boards on both sides. This advantageously achieves improved utilization of space.
- the heat pipe is ideally suited to transporting the resulting increased heat input into the cooling plate.
- the number of heat pipes used allows an adjustment to the waste heat from the inverter circuits.
- the electric motor may have one or more cooling plates and each of them may have one or more heat pipes.
- the electric motor may have one or more cooling plates and each of them may have one or more heat pipes.
- the electric motor can have a plurality of circuit boards.
- a plurality of separate circuit boards can be applied to a cooling plate.
- the power electronics used can be modularized by distributing them across a plurality of circuit boards.
- a large number of inverters can be provided using a large number of similar circuit boards, thereby improving production in terms of scrap.
- At least some of the fins can be in mechanical connection with several heat pipes.
- several of the heat pipes open into the heat sink formed by the fins. In addition to mechanical stabilization of the slats, this also results in more uniform heat dissipation and thus a lower temperature gradient in the cooling plate.
- the cooling plate can have two cover surfaces and a circumferential jacket surface, with the circuit boards being arranged on one of the cover surfaces or both cover surfaces and with the heat pipe passing through the jacket surface.
- the cooling plate is therefore designed as a substantially cylindrical plate.
- the top surfaces advantageously remain completely free for the attachment of the circuit boards.
- the heat pipe can run in a straight line through a wide area of the cooling plate, so that a high level of mechanical stability and optimal heat transfer from the cooling plate to the heat pipe is achieved.
- This comparatively low voltage makes it possible for the inverter components to be arranged very close to one another. Distances of approximately 2 mm can be used between the components such as the power semiconductor switches, which results in a high packing density of the electronic components and the possibility of arranging a large number of inverters in a comparatively small space. This in turn makes it possible to use a large number of phases, in particular a number of phases that corresponds to the number of stator bars, while requiring little space. With a correspondingly high number of stator bars, 12, 24 or even 48 phases can be used.
- Figure 1 shows an electric motor with two cooling plates for cooling circuit boards and with heat pipes for cooling the cooling plate in a side view
- Figure 2 shows the electric motor in front view
- Figure 3 shows a second design variant for the heat pipes in a side view
- Figure 7 shows the exit in a side view
- Figure 10 shows a fifth design variant for the heat pipes in a side view.
- Figure 11 shows a sixth design variant for the heat pipes in a side view.
- FIG 1 represents an isometric view of an electric motor 10.
- the electric motor 10 comprises a stator 11 and a rotor arranged essentially in the stator 11, which is not visible in Figure 1.
- the rotor is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a shaft, which is also not shown in Figure 1.
- the rotor is set in rotation about an axis 9 by electromagnetic interaction of the rotor with an energized stator 11 .
- the rotor is separated from the stator 11 by an air gap.
- the stator 11 comprises a plurality of rigid and straight conductor bars 12 as field conductors. These conductor bars 12 are connected to one another on the end face 13 facing away from FIG. 1 via a short-circuit ring. On the back 14 of the electric motor 10, the conductor bars 12 are individually fed by associated inverter modules. Since it is an electric motor 10 operated at low voltages due to the conductor bars 12, the inverter modules can be connected together with other electronic components (DC-DC converters, rectifiers). be arranged close together on circuit boards 15. In this example, the boards are ring sector-shaped and many individual boards 15 together form a ring-shaped board structure.
- the boards carry 15 inverter modules, it is also possible that some of the boards carry 15 rectifiers and DC/DC converters.
- FIG. 2 shows a top view of such a circuit board structure.
- the number of circuit boards shown in FIG. 2 is reduced compared to the representation in FIG. 1 for better clarity and is shown in a very simplified manner.
- the specific number of such circuit boards 15 depends on the specific design of the electric motor 10, in particular the number of conductor bars 12.
- Each of the boards 15 includes a plurality of semiconductor switches 422.
- the boards 15 may include driver circuits (not shown in the figures) and other electronic components such as capacitors.
- the semiconductor switches 422 are power semiconductors such as IGBTs, MOSFETs or JFETs and, depending on the circuitry, may additionally include diodes (not shown).
- the semiconductor switches 422 are connected as half bridges, for example.
- a capacitor, not shown, can represent, for example, an intermediate circuit capacitor of the half bridges.
- the semiconductor switches 422 of a circuit board 15 can be assigned to a single phase or to several phases.
- the circuit boards 15 also include contact points 421 to which the conductor bars 12 are connected.
- the circuit boards 15 are carried by disk-shaped cooling plates 16, whereby the cooling plates 16 can be covered with circuit boards 15 on both sides for better use of space. Since relatively high currents are required in the conductor bars in the electric motor 10, several inverters are preferably connected in parallel to supply them with current. This can be achieved, for example, in that the six circuit board structures shown in Figure 1 on three cooling plates 16 are all connected in the same way to the conductor bars 12 and are therefore electrically connected in parallel. This takes advantage of the fact that the conductor bars 12 or connecting elements to the conductor bars 12 penetrate the cooling plates 16 and thus also the circuit boards 15 in the same way at the contact points or, in the case of the outermost cooling plate 16, at least contact them.
- Figures 1 and 2 do not show any active measures for cooling the power electronic components. These are shown in very simplified form in Figures 3 to 6.
- FIG 3 shows an exemplary electric motor 20 with two cooling plates 16 for heat spreading of the heat loss of the power electronic components and with heat pipes 30, 31 for dissipating heat from the cooling plates 16 in a side view.
- Figure 4 shows a front view of the same electric motor 20. It can be seen that each of the cooling plates is cooled by a plurality (here: 6) heat pipes 30, 31.
- the end of the heat pipes 30, 31 on the evaporator side is inserted into the cooling plate 16 and runs in a straight line through the converter housing into the outside space.
- the course of the heat pipes 30, 31 is almost vertical when the electric motor 20 is set up as intended.
- the heat transport of the heat pipes 30, 31 is optimized by an arrangement far from the horizontal.
- Recooling of the heat pipes 30, 31 at their condenser end is supported by a plurality of cooling fins 32.
- the cooling fins 32 are expanded so that each of the cooling fins 32 is connected to each of the heat pipes 30, 31.
- the heat pipes can be, for example, copper water heat pipes.
- FIG. 5 shows a modification of the second embodiment variant.
- the cooling fins 32 are arranged at an angle to the horizontal. This improves the passive cooling, as the chimney effect ensures an improved flow of air through the cooling fins 32.
- heat pipes 31 are led out of the plane of the cooling plate 16 in the area of the central opening through a curved course and then the further distance up to the cooling fins 32 run parallel to the top surface of the cooling plate 16.
- the heat pipes 31 are advantageously connected to the cooling plate 16 only in the area of their evaporator side.
- FIG. 8 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- the heat pipes 51, 52 are at an angle of approx. Arranged at 40° to the vertical and leading out of the cooling plates 16 on two sides.
- the cooling fins 32 no longer enclose all of the existing heat pipes 51, 52, but only those on one side. Due to the changed arrangement of the heat pipes 51, 52, the cooling fins 32 are no longer arranged horizontally, but are also tilted at an angle of approximately 40° relative to the horizontal.
- the chimney effect results in an improved flow of air through the cooling fins 32 and thus an improved passive heat dissipation compared to the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4.
- FIG. 9 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- the heat pipes 61, 62 are arranged at an even greater angle to the vertical than in the example in FIG. 8, in this case approx. 80°.
- the cooling fins 32 can now be arranged vertically. Due to the almost horizontal arrangement, the heat transport of the heat pipes 61, 62 is no longer as good as in the examples described above. However, the chimney effect results in an optimal passive flow of air through the cooling fins 32 and thus an optimal passive heat dissipation.
- Figure 10 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- the heat pipes 71, 72 are arranged completely differently than in the exemplary embodiments described above.
- the embodiment of Figure 10 is particularly suitable for electric motors 70 in which only a single cooling plate 16 is present and in which this is only covered with circuit boards 15 on one side - towards the motor.
- the circuit boards 15 are connected to the conductor bars 12 by means of copper cables 73.
- the heat pipes 71, 72 do not extend in the plane of the cooling plate 16, but rather are led out through the surface of the cover, whereby they are oriented towards the side facing away from the engine.
- the heat pipes 71, 72 are six heat pipes, but they are arranged in two rows and therefore only appear as two heat pipes 71, 72 in FIG. 11.
- the heat pipes 71, 72 have an inclination to the horizontal when the electric motor 70 is installed as intended, with the condenser side located above the evaporator side.
- the cooling fins 32 again enclose all the heat pipes 71, 72 and their surface normal is essentially horizontal, which ensures a good flow of air.
- the electric motor 70 has a more elongated shape, in which the heat pipes 71, 72 increase the circumference of the electric motor 70 less significantly.
- the embodiment of FIG. 10 can also be used.
- the heat pipes 31 can be led out perpendicular to the surface of the cooling plates 16.
- the cooling fins 32 in turn can be arranged perpendicular to the heat pipes 31, which means that they would ultimately be horizontal if they were installed as intended.
- an inclined position can again be preferred when arranging the cooling fins 32.
- active cooling can preferably be achieved by a fan 110 which is arranged in the middle of the central opening of the cooling plate 16, in particular directly on the shaft of the electric motor 70.
- the cooling fins 32 unlike shown in Figure 10, are not arranged almost vertically, but rather horizontally or almost horizontally, in order to enable a good flow of the air driven by the fan 110.
- Such an embodiment is shown in Figure 11.
- cooling fins 32 to cool the condenser side of the heat pipes 30, 31, 51, 52, 61, 62, 71, 72
- fin coolers or heat exchangers can also be connected to the heat pipes 30, 31, 51, 52, 61 instead.
- 62, 71, 72 be connected.
- Cooling plates 16 with circuit boards 15 are arranged at both axial ends of the electric motor 10, 20, 50, 60, 70.
- the cooling plates 16 can be provided with respective heat pipes 30, 31, 51, 52, 61, 62, 71, 72.
- cooling fins 32 are provided with holes for the current rods to the motor, then it is possible to expand the embodiment variant of Figures 8 or 9 in such a way that a plurality of cooling plates 16 are present with respective heat pipes 71, 72 and cooling fins 32, whereby the current rods are guided through the holes. It is possible for the heat pipes 71, 72 to be led out of the cooling plates 16 on the same side. However, it is also possible in an alternative embodiment for the heat pipes 71, 72 of two cooling plates 16 to be led out of the cooling plates 16 facing one another. Reference symbols
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22162925.6A EP4246783A1 (de) | 2022-03-18 | 2022-03-18 | Elektromotor |
| PCT/EP2023/055095 WO2023174680A1 (de) | 2022-03-18 | 2023-03-01 | Elektromotor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4437641A1 true EP4437641A1 (de) | 2024-10-02 |
Family
ID=80819980
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22162925.6A Withdrawn EP4246783A1 (de) | 2022-03-18 | 2022-03-18 | Elektromotor |
| EP23710238.9A Pending EP4437641A1 (de) | 2022-03-18 | 2023-03-01 | Elektromotor |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22162925.6A Withdrawn EP4246783A1 (de) | 2022-03-18 | 2022-03-18 | Elektromotor |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP4246783A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN118844013A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA3244492A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023174680A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015013403A1 (de) * | 2015-10-19 | 2017-04-20 | Bergische Universität Wuppertal | Elektro-Antriebssystem |
| DE102015014509A1 (de) * | 2015-11-11 | 2017-05-11 | Bergische Universität Wuppertal | Elektro-Antriebssystem |
-
2022
- 2022-03-18 EP EP22162925.6A patent/EP4246783A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2023
- 2023-03-01 CN CN202380026659.1A patent/CN118844013A/zh active Pending
- 2023-03-01 CA CA3244492A patent/CA3244492A1/en active Pending
- 2023-03-01 WO PCT/EP2023/055095 patent/WO2023174680A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-03-01 EP EP23710238.9A patent/EP4437641A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA3244492A1 (en) | 2025-06-13 |
| WO2023174680A1 (de) | 2023-09-21 |
| CN118844013A (zh) | 2024-10-25 |
| EP4246783A1 (de) | 2023-09-20 |
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Legal Events
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