EP4420227A1 - Permanentmagnet für eine elektrische maschine, elektrische maschine sowie verfahren zum herstellen eines permanentmagneten - Google Patents
Permanentmagnet für eine elektrische maschine, elektrische maschine sowie verfahren zum herstellen eines permanentmagnetenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4420227A1 EP4420227A1 EP22823582.6A EP22823582A EP4420227A1 EP 4420227 A1 EP4420227 A1 EP 4420227A1 EP 22823582 A EP22823582 A EP 22823582A EP 4420227 A1 EP4420227 A1 EP 4420227A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cutout
- base body
- permanent magnet
- cutouts
- width
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
- H02K15/02—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
- H02K15/03—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
- H01F7/0205—Magnetic circuits with PM in general
- H01F7/021—Construction of PM
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/02—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2793—Rotors axially facing stators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
Definitions
- Permanent magnet for an electrical machine, electrical machine and method for producing a permanent magnet
- the invention relates to a permanent magnet for an electrical machine according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- the invention also relates to an electrical machine and a method for producing a permanent magnet.
- the poles are usually segmented.
- this can be done by the axial segmentation of the rotor, in particular in the case of radial flow machines, since this is usually already produced in disks for a bevel.
- effective magnet segmentation requires more steps than effective skewing.
- the magnet or partial pole in rotor discs, especially in axial flux machines can be segmented tangentially in order to achieve the optimum without dividing the rotor unnecessarily often. This segmentation is carried out by the magnet supplier directly during production. These are made from several sections and then glued back together. The final magnet is then ground and brought to geometric tolerances and possibly coated. The intermediate steps of producing smaller individual parts and subsequent gluing cause significant additional work and costs compared to producing the unsegmented magnet in the final geometry.
- EP 2760 112 A1 relates to a permanent magnet for an electrical machine, one or more grooves being provided in the permanent magnet, the one or more grooves dividing the permanent magnet into at least two sections which are connected to one another by one or more bridges.
- the object of the present invention is to create a permanent magnet, an electrical machine and a method for producing a permanent magnet, which can be produced with reduced effort.
- One aspect of the invention relates to a permanent magnet for an electrical machine, having a magnetic base body, the base body having a direction of magnetization, and having at least two recesses which are formed orthogonally to the direction of magnetization in the base body.
- the electrical machine can be designed as an axial flux machine, in which the stator and rotor are arranged next to one another in the axial direction with respect to the axis of rotation and thus form an axial air gap through which the magnetic flux acts, or as a radial flux machine, in which the stator and rotor face each other and are arranged coaxially to the axis of rotation and thus form a radial air gap.
- the at least two recesses are designed as cutouts and run essentially parallel to one another, with a first cutout being formed from a first side of the base body and the second cutout being formed from a second side of the base body opposite the first side , wherein the cutouts extend only partially along the entire width of the base body, so that a first material bridge results from the first cutout to the second side and a second material bridge results from the second cutout to the first side, and being viewed essentially orthogonally to the direction of magnetization the first cutout is at a first distance from the second cutout.
- the cutouts are thus produced by water jet cutting with corresponding fan nozzles.
- the cutouts always start from the opposite sides and take place parallel as a straight line/section at a distance from one another.
- the direction of the line of intersection for example perpendicular to the magnetization and thus to the thickness of the magnet, can be selected and can depend on the basic shape of the magnet, as well as the number of cuts, in particular the at least two cutouts.
- the number should be selected in such a way that at least one of the resulting partial webs of the magnet, in particular in a meander arm, corresponds as closely as possible to a square shape.
- the distances between the cutouts are then advantageously equidistant, so that, above all in the case of cuboid magnets, all partial areas then have the same, in particular almost square, cross-sectional area. This applies both to cutting directions in the direction of length and width, and also to oblique or diagonal arrangements.
- a width of the material bridge is shorter than a width of the cutouts.
- the material bridges are therefore shorter in width than the cutouts.
- the width of the cutouts corresponds to at least 80 percent of the width of the base body.
- the material bridge can then have a width of 20 percent of the total width of the base body.
- the width of the cutouts can be between 80 percent and 95 percent of the width of the base body, with the width of the material bridges then in turn corresponding to between 20 and 5 percent of the total width of the base body.
- a first partial area, which is delimited by a third side, which is orthogonal to the direction of magnetization, the first side, the second side and the first cutout is essentially the same size as a second partial area, which is delimited by the first cutout, the first side, the second side and the second cutout and/or a third partial area which is delimited by a fourth side, which is orthogonal to the direction of magnetization, the first side, the second side and the second cutout is limited, is essentially the same size as the second partial area and/or the first partial area.
- partial areas of essentially the same size can thus be provided.
- these partial areas are essentially square, for example.
- This embodiment can result in an advantageous meandering shape, so that essentially a long meandering shape of the magnet is formed, which has the same width everywhere and in particular also over the same thickness and the same cross-sectional area. Corresponding currents in the magnet always "see" the same cross-sectional area along the meander shape and no local maxima can form within the magnet.
- two cutouts are provided so that the three sub-areas are formed. If there are more than two cutouts, the boundaries must be adjusted accordingly, so that, for example, several partial areas can be delimited by two cutouts.
- At least one third cutout is provided, which is essentially parallel to one of the two Cutouts is formed, wherein the first distance essentially corresponds to a second distance between the second cutout and the third cutout.
- this exemplary embodiment involves a rectangular or cuboid base area of the base body.
- more than three cutouts can also be provided here, in which case the distances between the cutouts are essentially the same. Eddy current losses can thus advantageously be reduced.
- the base body essentially has a rectangular base area or a trapezoidal base area.
- permanent magnets with a rectangular base can be used advantageously for electric radial flux machines and permanent magnets with a trapezoidal base can be used advantageously for electric axial flux machines.
- a distance between the cutouts decreases as a function of the length of the trapezoid.
- this is the special form of the trapezoidal magnet, whereby the distances in the direction of the smaller leg of the trapezium can optionally increase here, since the "length” decreases here.
- the same “seen” cross-sectional area can thus advantageously be provided, so that no local maxima of eddy currents form within the magnet.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to an electrical machine with a permanent magnet according to the preceding aspect.
- the electrical machine is preferably used in a motor vehicle and can advantageously be designed as an axial flow machine or radial flow machine.
- the motor vehicle can be designed as an at least partially electrically operated motor vehicle or as a fully electrically operated motor vehicle.
- Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a permanent magnet for an electrical machine.
- a magnetic base body is provided.
- a first cutout is produced from a first side of the base body, the first side being formed orthogonally to a direction of magnetization, a first material bridge to a second side of the base body being produced by means of a cutting technique.
- a second cut-out is produced from the second side of the base body, opposite the first side of the base body, with a second material bridge to the first side by means of a cutting technique.
- the cutting technique can preferably be water jet cutting. It should only be noted at this point that the manufacturing process is not limited to water jet cutting, but that other cutting techniques can also be used. For example, the cutout or cutouts can also be sawn.
- Advantageous configurations of the permanent magnet are to be regarded as advantageous configurations of the electrical machine and of the method.
- corresponding method steps for producing the permanent magnet according to the preceding aspects are also disclosed.
- 1 shows a schematic plan view of an embodiment of a permanent magnet
- 2 shows a further schematic plan view of a further embodiment of a permanent magnet
- FIG. 3 shows a further schematic plan view of an embodiment of a permanent magnet
- FIG. 4 shows a further schematic plan view of an embodiment of a permanent magnet
- FIG. 5 shows a further schematic plan view of an embodiment of a permanent magnet
- FIG. 6 shows yet another schematic plan view of an embodiment of a permanent magnet.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic plan view of an embodiment of a permanent magnet 10 for an electrical machine 12, shown purely schematically.
- the electrical machine 12 can be designed, for example, as an axial flux machine or radial flux machine.
- the permanent magnet 10 has a magnetic base body 14 , the magnetic base body 14 having a direction of magnetization 16 . In particular, two recesses are provided, which run orthogonally to the direction of magnetization 16 .
- the two recesses are formed in particular as cutouts 18, 20 and are essentially parallel to one another, with a first cutout 18 being formed from a first side 22 of the base body 14 and the second cutout 20 from a second side 24 of the base body opposite the first side 22 14 is formed, with the cutouts 18, 20 only partially extending along an entire width B of the base body 14, so that there is a first material bridge 26 from the first cutout 18 to the second side 24 and from the second cutout 20 to the first side 22 a second material bridge 28 results, and with the first cutout 18 being at a first distance 30 from the second cutout 20 when viewed essentially orthogonally to the direction of magnetization 16 .
- a third cutout 32 is provided, which also extends from the first side 22 to the second side 24 , a third material bridge 34 being provided between the third cutout 32 and the second side 24 . Furthermore, it is shown in particular that a second distance 36 is formed between the second cutout 20 and the third cutout 32, the first distance 30 and the second distance 36 being essentially the same in the present exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows that the base body essentially has a rectangular base area. Furthermore, it can be provided in particular that a width of the material bridges 26, 28, 34 is essentially the same.
- a width of the material bridges 26, 28, 34 is also in particular shorter than a width of the cutouts 18, 20, 32.
- a width of the cutouts 18, 20, 32 can correspond to at least 80 percent of the width B of the base body 14.
- a first partial area 38 which is delimited by a third side 40, which is orthogonal to the direction of magnetization 16, the first side 22, the second side 24 and the first cutout 18, is essentially the same size as a second partial area 42, which is delimited by the first cutout 18, the first side 22, the second side 24 and the second cutout 20.
- a third partial surface 44 can also be provided, which is delimited by a fourth side 46 .
- the third partial area 44 is also delimited by the third cutout 32 , the first side 22 and the second side 24 .
- a fourth partial surface 48 is shown in the following exemplary embodiment, which is delimited by the first side 22 , the second side 24 , the second cutout 20 and the third cutout 32 .
- the sub-areas 38, 42, 44, 48 are in particular essentially cuboid and of the same size.
- a meandering shape is therefore proposed in the base body 14, with the cutouts 18, 20, 32 being just straight lines that cut through the base body 14 alternately from opposite sides 22, 24, but not entirely in length or, in the present case, in width B.
- the cross-sectional areas of the sections 38, 42, 44, 48 should be as square as possible.
- the thickness here is in the direction of the magnetization direction 16, so that the base body 14 always corresponds to the length or width B or diagonally or obliquely to it and thus the direction of intersection of the straight lines perpendicular to the magnetization.
- the base body 14 is cut through and thus separated at the interfaces, but the cutting pattern does not result in complete cutting, but rather areas, in particular the material bridges 26, 28, 34, always remain, which form the base body 14 as one piece , in particular the one-piece design, and then the meandering shape emerges at the end.
- the cuts always start from opposite sides 22, 24 and take place essentially parallel as a straight line or segment at a distance from one another.
- the direction of the line of intersection in particular perpendicular to the direction of magnetization 16 and thus to the thickness of the base body 14, can be selected and can depend on the basic shape of the base body 14, as well as the number of cuts, whereby there should be at least two cutouts 18, 20, 32.
- the number should be selected in such a way that at least one of the resulting partial webs of the magnet, in a meander arm, corresponds as closely as possible to a cuboid shape.
- the distances between the cutouts 18, 20, 32 are advantageously equidistant, so that, especially in the case of cuboid magnets, all the partial areas 38, 42, 44, 48 then have the same, in particular almost square, cross-sectional area. This applies both to cutting directions in the direction of length and width B, and also to oblique or diagonal arrangement.
- the cutouts 18, 20, 32 still leave a residue, in particular the material bridges 26, 28, 34, so that the basic body 14 remains in one piece.
- This uncut residue should in particular be between 5 and 20 percent of the total width, ie the width B, so that just 80 to 95 percent of the cutouts 18, 20, 32 are still cut.
- the standing remainder i.e. the material bridges 26. 28, 34
- the standing remainder i.e. the material bridges 26. 28, 34
- the standing remainder i.e. the material bridges 26. 28, 34
- the standing remainder i.e. the material bridges 26. 28, 34
- the standing remainder i.e. the material bridges 26. 28, 34
- the standing remainder i.e. the material bridges 26. 28, 34
- the standing remainder i.e. the material bridges 26. 28, 34
- the cutouts 18 , 20 , 32 are made axially or tangentially to the axis of the rotor of the electrical machine 12 .
- the distances between the cutouts 18, 20, 32 are in the range of the magnet thickness and are ideally smaller than the magnet thickness. There can be an even or odd number of cuts.
- the incisions can also be made at any angle to the rotor axis. This is shown in FIG. 3, for example.
- the incisions can also be made at an angle, in particular a diagonal one, which results from the magnet geometry and is shown in FIG. 3 and is advantageous.
- Other magnet geometries, for example trapezoidal ones, as shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, can also be segmented into this variant. Any angle can also be selected here.
- the distances between the incisions can, in particular in the trapezoidal variant, as shown in FIG. 6, also increase towards the side of the magnet which becomes thinner.
- FIG. 2 shows a further schematic embodiment of the permanent magnet 10.
- five cutouts 18, 20, 32 are provided, further cutouts 50 being provided here.
- these extend from alternate sides 22 and 24.
- the distances between the cutouts 18, 20, 32, 50 are the same. Furthermore, for example, the distance from the first cutout 18 to the third side 40 is also equal to the first distance 30 between the first cutout 18 and the second cutout 20 and thus also equal to the other distances.
- FIG. 3 shows a further schematic embodiment of the permanent magnet 10, with the cutouts 18, 20, 32 being formed in particular diagonally in the present exemplary embodiment.
- the base body 14 is essentially trapezoidal.
- six cutouts 18, 20, 32 are provided in particular.
- the distances between the cutouts 18, 20, 32, 50 are the same.
- FIG. 5 shows a further schematic plan view of a further exemplary embodiment of a permanent magnet 10, the base body 14 continuing to be trapezoidal.
- the cutouts 18, 20, 32, 50 can also have a diagonal angle in this exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 6 shows yet another schematic embodiment of a permanent magnet 10, with the base body 14 having a trapezoidal structure in the present exemplary embodiment.
- the distances 30, 36, 52 decrease as a function of the length L.
- the distances decrease from the fourth side 46 to the third side 40 .
- the distances 30, 36, 52 increase in the direction of the smaller leg of the trapezoid, in this case the fourth side 46, since the length L decreases.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021006006.7A DE102021006006A1 (de) | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-06 | Permanentmagnet für eine elektrische Maschine, elektrische Maschine sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Permanentmagneten |
| PCT/EP2022/084315 WO2023104672A1 (de) | 2021-12-06 | 2022-12-02 | Permanentmagnet für eine elektrische maschine, elektrische maschine sowie verfahren zum herstellen eines permanentmagneten |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4420227A1 true EP4420227A1 (de) | 2024-08-28 |
Family
ID=84536027
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22823582.6A Pending EP4420227A1 (de) | 2021-12-06 | 2022-12-02 | Permanentmagnet für eine elektrische maschine, elektrische maschine sowie verfahren zum herstellen eines permanentmagneten |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12640296B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4420227A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN118355593A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021006006A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023104672A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11936256B2 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2024-03-19 | Jacobi Motors, Llc | Flux-mnemonic permanent magnet synchronous machine and magnetizing a flux-mnemonic permanent magnet synchronous machine |
| CN114400126A (zh) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-26 | 上海盘毂动力科技股份有限公司 | 磁性元件及制作方法 |
| US12620920B2 (en) | 2022-10-26 | 2026-05-05 | Jacobi Motors, Llc | System and method for shifting operation modes of variable flux memory motors |
| DE102022132795A1 (de) * | 2022-12-09 | 2024-06-20 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Magnet für einen Rotor, Rotor mit Magnet, Elektromaschine / Axialflussmaschine und Herstellverfahren |
| US12558980B2 (en) | 2023-11-09 | 2026-02-24 | Jacobi Motors, Llc | Integrated variable flux memory motor charger |
| DE102023004778A1 (de) | 2023-11-22 | 2025-05-22 | Mercedes-Benz Group AG | Segmentierungsanordnung für Permanentmagnete einer Doppel-V-Anordnung in einem Rotor für eine permanenterregte elektrische Maschine |
| US12614998B2 (en) | 2024-03-04 | 2026-04-28 | Jacobi Motors, Llc | System for multi-variable flux memory motor configuration |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61208815A (ja) | 1985-03-14 | 1986-09-17 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 磁場発生装置 |
| JPH07284238A (ja) * | 1994-04-06 | 1995-10-27 | Aichi Emerson Electric Co Ltd | 磁石回転子 |
| JP2000228838A (ja) * | 1998-12-01 | 2000-08-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | 永久磁石モータ |
| DE10126730A1 (de) | 2001-05-31 | 2003-01-02 | Sachsenwerk Gmbh | Rotierende oder lineare elektrische Maschine mit Permanentmagneterregung insbesondere mit vorgefertigten Permanentmagneten |
| JP2006136130A (ja) | 2004-11-05 | 2006-05-25 | Toyota Motor Corp | 永久磁石式回転電機、それに用いる永久磁石の製造方法およびその製造方法を用いた永久磁石式回転電機の製造方法 |
| JP5440079B2 (ja) | 2009-10-01 | 2014-03-12 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | アキシャルギャップ型永久磁石式回転機用回転子及びアキシャルギャップ型永久磁石式回転機 |
| EP2760112B1 (de) | 2013-01-25 | 2015-08-19 | Bomatec Holding AG | Dauermagnet, elektrische Maschine und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Dauermagnets |
| JP6878064B2 (ja) | 2017-03-16 | 2021-05-26 | 株式会社安川電機 | 回転電機用永久磁石、回転電機、回転電機用永久磁石の製造方法 |
| US11004586B2 (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2021-05-11 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Permanent magnet for a permanent magnet machine |
| CN110890798A (zh) | 2018-09-10 | 2020-03-17 | 烟台正海磁性材料股份有限公司 | 一种永磁体及永磁电机 |
| CN109921525A (zh) | 2019-03-19 | 2019-06-21 | 甘长泉 | 一种减少涡流效应的电机磁体环及磁体 |
| CN212183213U (zh) | 2020-05-27 | 2020-12-18 | 杭州中豪电动科技有限公司 | 一种轴向磁场电机用的磁钢 |
| CN112531940A (zh) | 2020-12-15 | 2021-03-19 | 安徽美芝精密制造有限公司 | 永磁体结构、转子结构和电机结构 |
-
2021
- 2021-12-06 DE DE102021006006.7A patent/DE102021006006A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-12-02 CN CN202280080670.1A patent/CN118355593A/zh active Pending
- 2022-12-02 US US18/714,962 patent/US12640296B2/en active Active
- 2022-12-02 EP EP22823582.6A patent/EP4420227A1/de active Pending
- 2022-12-02 WO PCT/EP2022/084315 patent/WO2023104672A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US12640296B2 (en) | 2026-05-26 |
| DE102021006006A1 (de) | 2023-06-07 |
| US20250079057A1 (en) | 2025-03-06 |
| WO2023104672A1 (de) | 2023-06-15 |
| CN118355593A (zh) | 2024-07-16 |
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