EP4419267A1 - Verfahren zum gewinnen einer wiederverwendbaren gesteinskoernung aus aschen von hausmüllverbrennungsanlagen - Google Patents
Verfahren zum gewinnen einer wiederverwendbaren gesteinskoernung aus aschen von hausmüllverbrennungsanlagenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4419267A1 EP4419267A1 EP22813418.5A EP22813418A EP4419267A1 EP 4419267 A1 EP4419267 A1 EP 4419267A1 EP 22813418 A EP22813418 A EP 22813418A EP 4419267 A1 EP4419267 A1 EP 4419267A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ash
- grain
- fractions
- iron
- moisture content
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/30—Incineration ashes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for obtaining a reusable aggregate from ashes from household waste incineration plants.
- this grate/boiler ashes or ashes from household waste incineration plants (HMVA) or waste incineration plants (KVA) also contain metals, stones and glass, other unburned or non-combustible residues and pollutants that do not allow and make simple landfilling possible.
- HMVA household waste incineration plants
- KVA waste incineration plants
- the processed grate/boiler ash also referred to here as slag
- slag at least as a filler or additive in the construction industry
- landfilling and the mining of the raw materials otherwise required, such as gravel, natural stone and sand for such use can be dispensed with.
- a granulate In order for a granulate to be used as a building material, for example in road construction, it must comply with specified limit values with regard to certain pollutants. For Germany, these are e.g. B. in the technical rules of the state working group on waste (TR-LAGA soil) specified.
- the slag is divided into certain assignment values Z0, ZI, Z2, Z3 and higher. Slags with an allocation value Z0 can be used without restrictions.
- the allocation value ZI allows it to be used as a building material without additional technical equipment.
- the TR LAGA Boden differentiates between the value Zl.l and ZI.2.
- sealing measures must be taken if the processed slag is to be used as an unbound base layer in order to prevent pollutants from being washed out of the slag and thus contamination of the soil or groundwater. Sulfates, chlorides or water-soluble metal compounds are particularly suitable as pollutants.
- HMVA slags are also classified according to the regulations of the TL-Gestein StB (technical delivery conditions for aggregates in road construction). A distinction is made here between a slag according to HMVA-2 according to TL-Gestein StB and a slag according to HMVA-1 according to TL-Gestein StB, which must comply with significantly lower pollutant contents. Corresponding provisions apply in other countries.
- the fresh ash is initially stored temporarily for several months. Carbonation occurs during the deposition of the slag.
- the calcium oxide (CaO) contained in the slag and the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the air form a calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), which is also known as carbonate of lime.
- This process is also known as static carbonation, since the process takes place over a longer period of around twelve weeks, during which the ash is hardly or not at all moved.
- This chemical process solidifies the ash into a hydraulically bound mixture of substances.
- the ash that has been carbonated and solidified in this way is very unstable in terms of building physics and therefore does not meet the building physics parameters for aggregates in concrete.
- the most significant exceedances in slag granules from such carbonated ash are in the frost resistance according to DIN EN 1367-1 and the resistance to freeze-thaw stress according to DIN EN 1367-6.
- DIN EN 1367-1 the frost resistance according to DIN EN 1367-1
- DIN EN 1367-6 the resistance to freeze-thaw stress according to DIN EN 1367-6.
- the invention is based on the object of developing a method of the type described above in such a way that a reusable aggregate can be obtained from the ash of household waste incinerators.
- the slag processed according to the method according to the invention should be usable as certified aggregate for concrete, for example according to DIN EN 12620.
- the object is achieved according to the invention in that the ash is not deposited for a period of about twelve weeks, as is usual, but is processed as fresh slag within a specifiable maximum intermediate storage time.
- the granules are preferably treated in a rotating drum with the supply of heat and CO 2 .
- CaCO 3 is formed from CaO and CO 2 in just a few minutes during the treatment.
- the carbon dioxide is fed into the drum via the burner.
- the fine ash particles that are on the surface of the slag granules are separated by the rotation of the drum and sucked off using a filter system. This dynamic carbonation therefore does not result in the formation of mechanically unstable solidified slag granules.
- the ash is charged with CO2 and heat before the end of a predeterminable maximum intermediate storage time after its formation. This continues until the ash has a residual moisture content of less than 8.0% by weight. -% or less than 4.0 wt. -% having . Furthermore, the ash carbonated in this way is crushed and classified into several grain fractions, and at least ferrous compounds and iron oxides and the non-ferrous metals are separated from each grain fraction independently of one another. At least part of the grain fractions freed from the iron-containing compounds and iron oxides and from the non-ferrous metals is then each subjected to a main wash, in which the pollutants adhering to the individual grains and which are harmful to the environment are at least partially removed.
- Fresh ash from household waste incineration plants is used as the starting material, in which the natural or static carbonation has not yet started or has only started to a small extent.
- the alkaline milieu of a building material to be produced with it is thus maintained. This is advantageous for a concrete produced therewith.
- Static carbonation which is unfavorable for use as a building material, is accelerated by a moist environment, which is avoided by early heat treatment within the maximum interim storage time.
- the maximum interim storage time can be 96 or 72 or 48 or 24 hours.
- the fresh ash can either come from a known wet slag remover or a known dry slag remover. In the first case, the moisture content is still well above 8.0% by weight after the specified maximum interim storage time. -% lay . Then a dynamic carbonation as described above and the associated drying of the ash is required so that the natural or static carbonation cannot or only insignificantly start. If the ash comes from a dry deslagger, the heat treatment is not always necessary necessary because the moisture content is usually below 8.0
- the ash that has been dynamically carbonated in this way is then crushed and classified into different grain fractions so that each grain fraction can be subjected to further treatment.
- the ash consists mainly of an unstable sintered product from the incineration.
- Impact crushers for example impact mills or high-speed impact separators, can preferably be used for the comminution. This has the advantage that the sintered products of the ash are broken up into stable grains that are useful and necessary for a building material.
- the dynamically carbonated or dry ash can, for example, be classified into six grain fractions 0/1 mm, 1/3 mm, 3/6 mm, 6/12 mm, 12/22.4 mm and >22.4 mm.
- the upper grain size 22.4 mm and a granulate mixture formed with it with grains between 1 mm and 22.4 mm in size is a granulate fraction for concrete that is currently customary in construction.
- a grain fraction with a small grain size for example ⁇ 1 mm or ⁇ 3 mm, can also be separated off before the comminution or dynamic carbonation.
- This has the advantage that s the fine fraction of the ash, which tends towards natural carbonation, is separated in advance. This first rough classification into the fines, the part to be processed further and the majority of the ash can be easily carried out with simple means.
- each cleaning step or each separating step can be adapted and optimized to the particular separating task or cleaning task at hand.
- the undesired components are reliably almost completely removed from the respective grain fractions and can be used elsewhere or dumped.
- the further planned steps for separating the ferrous compounds or the non-ferrous metals are also considerably facilitated by the dry and classified state of the part of the ash to be processed.
- the smallest grain size can be 1.0 mm, for example, and the largest grain size can be 22.4 mm, for example.
- the ash processed in this way would then have a rock grain size in accordance with DIN EN 12620.
- the ash can be used as a so-called certified building material, it is expedient to separate other components of the ash. It is therefore also provided according to the invention that iron components are removed from the ash prior to classification. This can be done using known magnetic separators.
- the grain fraction is deposited below a predeterminable smallest grain limit after the iron-containing compounds and iron oxides and the non-ferrous metals have been removed or is fed to further processing.
- Light materials can also be at least partially separated from the grain fractions above a predeterminable first grain boundary.
- the first grain boundary can be assumed to be 1.0 mm or 3.0 mm, so that the larger light materials are separated only from the grain fractions above this grain size.
- VA metals chromium-nickel steels
- These components above the first grain boundary of, for example, 3.0 mm can be inductively separated well and effectively from the individual fractions and used elsewhere.
- glass can be at least partially separated from the grain fractions above the predeterminable first grain boundary.
- the methods that can be used for this are also known, and the separated glass can be readily recycled.
- the grain fractions between the smallest and the largest grain size are fed separately to the main wash. Then the main wash can be adjusted and optimized to the grain size to be treated. Provision can be made for the grain fractions to be subjected again to a prewash with light matter separation before the main wash, so that the troublesome light matter can be reliably and completely removed.
- the individual grain fractions can be brought together again before or after the post-wash.
- the product is a clean and reusable building material as aggregate between the specifiable smallest and largest grain size of, for example, 1.0 mm and 22.4 mm according to DIN EN 12620 for concrete, which is also largely free of pollutants.
- the ash 10 produced in a household waste incineration plant originates either from a wet slag remover or a dry slag remover and accordingly differs primarily in its moisture content. In the following description it is assumed that the moisture content of the starting ash is more than 8.0% by weight or at least more than 4.0% by weight.
- a second classification 13 the fine fraction 14 of the ash is separated with a particle size of 0/1 mm or 0/3 mm.
- These components can be landfilled or fed into a more extensive treatment process.
- the ash can still have a residual moisture content of more than 8.0% by weight. -% exhibit .
- the remaining part of the ash 15 is dynamically carbonated in a suitable device 16, in which the fresh ash is exposed to CO2 and possibly heat during rotation until the ash has a residual moisture content of ⁇ 8.0% by weight. -% having .
- This dynamic carbonation preferably takes place in a rotating drum within the predeterminable maximum intermediate storage time of less than 96 or 72 and preferably less than 48 or 24 hours, during which the natural carbonation has not yet started or has only started to an insignificant extent. Treating the fresh ash with CO2 and heat inhibits its natural carbonation.
- the CO 2 is added to the ash by the burner which heats the heat treatment device 16 . If the ash comes from a dry deslagger and already has a residual moisture content of less than 8.0 wt. -%, the treatment in the device 16 would be limited to the supply of CO 2 .
- the ash that has been carbonated in this way is comminuted in a comminution stage 17 .
- Known impact crushers can be used, through which the ash is broken down into its mechanically stable particles, but not ground up. Larger parts of usable ingredients are thus retained.
- the resulting mixture of granulated ash of different grain sizes is classified in a further step 18 .
- the crushed ash which has a maximum grain size of 40 mm or 100 mm, due to the previous classification in steps 11 and 12, in a Grain fraction 19 with grains smaller than 1 mm, a grain fraction 20 with grains between 1 mm and 3 mm, a grain fraction 21 with grains between 3 mm and 6 mm in size, a grain fraction 22 with grain sizes between 6 mm and 12 mm, a grain fraction 23 with grains between 12 mm and 22.4 mm and a grain fraction with grains larger than 22.4 mm is classified.
- the corresponding methods and devices can be optimally adjusted to the respective grain size range and good results can be achieved for the respective grain fraction. This is particularly the case when the relevant cleaning or processing step depends on the size and thus also on the weight of the individual grains.
- the light materials 26 can first be separated, for example in an air classifier 25 .
- the ferrous compounds or components 29 containing iron oxide and the non-ferrous metals 30 are separated from all grain fractions 19 to 24 in a dynamic magnetic field 28 and then in an eddy current separator 27 .
- the VA metals chromium-nickel steels, Chromium-nickel-molybdenum steels
- the larger grain fractions 21 to 24 are particularly suitable for further processing of these VA metals 32 , so that only these need to be fed to method step 31 .
- the smaller grain fraction 20 with a grain size of 1/3 mm can be fed directly to the main wash 33 .
- the smallest fraction 19 can be landfilled or fed to further processing.
- the glass 34 contained in the larger grain fractions 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 with a grain size >3 mm and ⁇ 40 mm or 100 mm is removed in a further step 35 . In the case of granules of this grain size, this can be done using known methods. This glass 34 can also be easily recycled.
- the larger and largely cleaned fraction 24 with a grain size >22.4 mm is fed back to the crushing device 17 since these grain sizes are unsuitable for a conventional building material with a grain size of 1/22.4 mm.
- the re-comminution also allows trapped components to be uncovered and removed in the subsequent processing steps.
- the granules can be kept in an upflow reactor well within the effective range of the ultrasonic generators in the water bath by means of a correspondingly adjusted vertical upward flow. Due to the cavitation in the upflow reactor, mechanically unstable grain fractions are broken up and converted into mechanically stable granulates. In the process , any light materials that may still be present can also be washed up and separated .
- the granulate that has been cleaned and freed from harmful substances can be finally cleaned in a post-wash 38 .
- the individual fractions 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 can be brought together again and rinsed off with clear water, for example.
- the result is a processed granulate 39 in the form of aggregate between 1 mm and 22.4 mm, as specified for a building material in accordance with DIN EN 12620 for concrete.
- the granules have the same or at least comparable properties as an original and non-recycled material.
- the advantage of this method shown can also be seen in the fact that ash or its granules are always subjected to a specific grain fraction of the intended treatment.
- the apparatuses and devices in question such as eddy current separators, magnetic drums, air classifiers, upflow reactors with ultrasonic generators, can then be adjusted and operated according to the size of the granulate grains to be treated become.
- the dynamic carbonation of the ash shortly after its formation creates the conditions for later use of the cleaned granulate as a certified building material.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021127319.6A DE102021127319A1 (de) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Verfahren zum Gewinnen einer wiederverwendbaren Gesteinskörnung aus Aschen von Hausmüllverbrennungsanlagen |
| PCT/EP2022/079009 WO2023066951A1 (de) | 2021-10-21 | 2022-10-19 | Verfahren zum gewinnen einer wiederverwendbaren gesteinskoernung aus aschen von hausmüllverbrennungsanlagen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4419267A1 true EP4419267A1 (de) | 2024-08-28 |
Family
ID=84363709
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22813418.5A Pending EP4419267A1 (de) | 2021-10-21 | 2022-10-19 | Verfahren zum gewinnen einer wiederverwendbaren gesteinskoernung aus aschen von hausmüllverbrennungsanlagen |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250235912A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4419267A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN118176067A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2022369022A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021127319A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023066951A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3175694B2 (ja) * | 1997-05-08 | 2001-06-11 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | 海中沈設用石材及びその製造方法 |
| JPH1121153A (ja) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-01-26 | Nkk Corp | 路盤材及びその製造方法 |
| JP3173495B2 (ja) * | 1998-11-09 | 2001-06-04 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | 人工石材の製造方法および製造設備 |
| DE19924472A1 (de) | 1999-05-28 | 2000-11-30 | Code Gmbh Commercial Developme | Verfahren zum Weiterbehandeln eines exotherm ausreagierenden Gemisches |
| KR100732732B1 (ko) * | 2003-06-09 | 2007-06-29 | 신닛뽄세이테쯔 카부시키카이샤 | 제강 슬러그의 안정화 처리 방법과 안정화 제강 슬러그 및그 슬러그를 이용하는 수역 환경 보전 재료와 수역 환경보전 방법 |
| KR20070012310A (ko) * | 2003-09-08 | 2007-01-25 | 크리스토프 무더 | 수경성 결합제의 제조방법, 건축 자재, 그 용도 및 이를위한 장치 |
| US20050238563A1 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2005-10-27 | Eighmy T T | Method for sequestering carbon dioxide |
| DE102006002290A1 (de) | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-25 | Code Gmbh Commercial Developments | Verfahren zur Einbindung, Nutzung und Verbrauch von CO2 |
| CN1963304A (zh) * | 2006-12-01 | 2007-05-16 | 清华大学 | 用加速碳酸化技术稳定化处理垃圾焚烧飞灰的方法 |
| DE102008004477A1 (de) | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Scherer & Kohl Gmbh & Co.Kg | Verfahren zur Schlackenaufbereitung |
| EP2732887B1 (de) * | 2012-11-15 | 2015-07-15 | S.VE.D.A. S.R.L. Società Veneta Depuratori e Affini | Verfahren zur Behandlung von schwerer Asche oder Schlacke im Allgemeinen |
| DK3175889T3 (da) | 2015-12-02 | 2022-01-10 | Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen | Apparat og fremgangsmåde til carbonatisering af alkaliske faste stoffer |
| DE102020119699A1 (de) | 2020-07-27 | 2022-01-27 | H-U-R Hamburg GmbH Hamburger-Umwelt-Recyclingtechnologien | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Waschen/Reinigen von Granulaten aus Schlacken sowie Rost-/Kesselaschen aus der thermischen Abfallverwertung sowie mineralische Rest- und Recyclingstoffe |
-
2021
- 2021-10-21 DE DE102021127319.6A patent/DE102021127319A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2022
- 2022-10-19 EP EP22813418.5A patent/EP4419267A1/de active Pending
- 2022-10-19 US US18/703,294 patent/US20250235912A1/en active Pending
- 2022-10-19 CN CN202280070125.4A patent/CN118176067A/zh active Pending
- 2022-10-19 WO PCT/EP2022/079009 patent/WO2023066951A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-10-19 AU AU2022369022A patent/AU2022369022A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN118176067A (zh) | 2024-06-11 |
| DE102021127319A1 (de) | 2023-04-27 |
| AU2022369022A1 (en) | 2024-05-16 |
| WO2023066951A1 (de) | 2023-04-27 |
| US20250235912A1 (en) | 2025-07-24 |
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