EP4416493A1 - Procede de mesure quantitatif d'un element dans une piece - Google Patents
Procede de mesure quantitatif d'un element dans une pieceInfo
- Publication number
- EP4416493A1 EP4416493A1 EP22802204.2A EP22802204A EP4416493A1 EP 4416493 A1 EP4416493 A1 EP 4416493A1 EP 22802204 A EP22802204 A EP 22802204A EP 4416493 A1 EP4416493 A1 EP 4416493A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- content
- control part
- cut
- thermochemical
- photograph
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/204—Structure thereof, e.g. crystal structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/8422—Investigating thin films, e.g. matrix isolation method
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2873—Cutting or cleaving
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/8422—Investigating thin films, e.g. matrix isolation method
- G01N2021/8427—Coatings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10056—Microscopic image
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30108—Industrial image inspection
- G06T2207/30136—Metal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30108—Industrial image inspection
- G06T2207/30164—Workpiece; Machine component
Definitions
- TITLE QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE OF AN ELEMENT IN A PART
- the technical field of the invention is that of measuring the content of a specific element in a part and more particularly how to determine whether the part has an acceptable content or not.
- thermochemical surface treatment aimed at hardening the surface layers, such as carburizing
- the control after these operations on power transmission parts is particularly critical, in particular for those which equip the helicopter turbine engines.
- this metallurgical phase which may result from the thermochemical surface treatment operation may: locally alter the mechanical properties of the treated layers cause microstructural instability which under the action of mechanical stresses and temperatures encountered in operation may by crystallographic transformation lead to another phase and induce a possible impact on the integrity of the parts.
- the material volume thus studied therefore relates to the first surface layers. These conditions are not equivalent to the observation made under a microscope on a micrographic section which covers a depth in relation to the surface of the control part which can go up to a few millimeters or more if necessary.
- the result thus obtained by X-ray diffraction corresponds to that which would be obtained by the analysis of a narrow band of the image made on the micrographic section.
- the invention offers a solution to the problems mentioned above, by making it possible to analytically and quantitatively measure an undesirable element in a metal part. Thanks to the invention, an analysis method is available in which the result of the content of the undesirable element is a value measured and obtained entirely analytically and quantitatively; it relates to the areas of interest of the part/sample by giving the associated values of the desired content, can be correlated with the so-called X-ray diffraction method and can be easily obtained in an industrial environment.
- the invention relates to a method for quantitative measurement of an element in a metal control part having received a thermochemical surface treatment, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a- making a cut in the sample piece, b- taking a photograph by an optical microscope of said section on a surface S with a magnification, c- calculating the ratio of the surfaces s occupied by the element with respect to the surface S on the photograph by a processing tool of the image, d- obtaining the content of the element in the surface S of the control part.
- a content profile of undesirable elements by avoiding the subjective aspect or variability of the control by a human and which is representative of a content obtained by acquisition of X-rays from X-ray diffraction performed using a synchrotron.
- Stream EssentialTM software or ImageJTM software can be used.
- the image processing tool measures the number of pixels occupied by the element in the surface S.
- the measurement is thus particularly precise.
- the cut is marked by aligned and equidistant points, called micro-hardness points.
- This alignment makes it possible to have a mark over the entire depth of the surface thermochemical treatment.
- the points are preferably spaced apart by a distance equal to the side of the surface S, for example 80 ⁇ m. These points make it possible to locate by serving as a benchmark and their spacing is adapted to the irradiated surface, to have a continuous view of the depth of the surface thermochemical treatment.
- steps b, c and d are repeated on other surfaces Sn arranged in line and side by side. This repetition makes it possible to cover a larger surface and to have a vision of the full depth of the thermochemical surface treatment. Said surfaces are placed using the landmarks above.
- the surface S is 80 ⁇ m ⁇ 80 ⁇ m.
- This surface dimension has been limited to correspond to the size of the X-ray beam which has a section of 80 ⁇ 80 ⁇ m 2 , since this dimension offers the advantage of having a relatively constant content of undesirable elements; the gradient of the surface thermochemical treatment being perceptible only for a larger extent.
- the undesirable element is austenite.
- the presence of residual austenite in the carburized layers of steel parts and in particular in the 16NiCrMo13 alloy is linked to carbon enrichment during carburizing.
- Austenite locally alters the mechanical properties of case-hardened layers and its microstructural instability which, under the action of mechanical stresses and temperatures encountered in operation, can by crystallographic transformation lead to another phase and thus induce dimensional deformations of the surfaces of the part. .
- the carbon enrichment of the part by diffusion from the surface during the carburizing operation has the effect of promoting the stability of the austenite phase which remains present after returning to room temperature.
- control part comprises a notch.
- This notch makes it possible to simulate a toothing, it represents the replica of two teeth flanks of a pinion and makes it possible to reproduce with similarities the phenomenon of diffusion for this geometry.
- the production part having undergone the same treatment as the control part is declared compliant if the content of the element in the section of the control part is lower than a limit content and non-compliant if the content of the element is higher than the limit content.
- the content should be less than 15%.
- FIG. 1 shows the different areas of analysis according to the methods used, between the conventional X-ray diffraction method and the micrographic section method,
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a control piece according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a detail of part of the control piece with points serving as benchmarks;
- FIG. 4 shows an image obtained by X-ray implemented by synchrotron from the micrographic section of the control part; [0030] [Fig. 5] shows the image of FIG. 4 after processing by image processing software;
- FIG. 6 shows a comparison of the residual austenite content profiles resulting from X-ray diffraction analysis methods and the inventive method.
- thermochemical surface treatment such as carburizing
- other types of thermochemical surface treatment can be considered, such as carbonitriding, or carburizing-nitriding sequence, etc.
- the undesirable element here will therefore be austenite, but other elements can be measured.
- thermochemical surface treatment 4 a part 1 on which a thermochemical surface treatment 4 has been carried out, the volume 2 analyzed by conventional synchrotron X-ray diffraction which covers only part of the thermochemical surface treatment 4 and a surface 3 being the subject of the micrographic analysis, following the cutting of the part 1 and which only covers this surface.
- carbon enrichment of the treated part is carried out by diffusion of the carbon from the surface. This diffusion thus creates a profile of carbon content which decreases going from the surface of the part towards its core according to the arrow 40.
- This cementation is carried out in a furnace in which a control part is placed which will therefore receive the same treatment as the production part to be analyzed.
- This control piece 1 illustrated in Figure 2 is substantially cylindrical and has a notch 10, here this notch 10 represents a replica of a flank of pinion teeth (usually case-hardened engine part) and makes it possible to reproduce with similarities the phenomenon of diffusion for this geometry.
- the carbon enrichment takes place simultaneously on different surfaces of the control part, in particular on the "two sides" for each tooth tip.
- the control part 1 undergoes a carburizing operation with a deliberately very high carbon enrichment (content > 0.95% in the 1st tenth of the depth of the control part) thus making it possible to obtain an increase in residual austenite from the surface to the depth of the cemented layer.
- a slice of the order of 1 mm in thickness is taken from this control piece.
- control part is the subject of a preparation which consists of: a standard micrographic preparation, in order to obtain a poly mirror (these steps must be fixed in order to ensure repeatability):
- This operation makes it possible to obtain visual reference points on the edge.
- This slice is studied by X-ray diffraction implemented at the synchrotron, which makes it possible to carry out local volume analyzes, the X-rays penetrating into the material.
- the effective analysis zone therefore corresponds to a volume associated with the reduced and selected irradiated zone.
- This method thus makes it possible to obtain a profile of the residual austenite content by studying successive fields carried out along a virtual line identified by points 12 corresponding to the carbon diffusion gradient.
- the successive fields are carried out every 80 ⁇ m from the surface of the slice of the control part to the depth of 1.28 mm, for example.
- the areal dimension of the fields has been limited by fixing the size of the beam to a section of 80 x 80 pm2. This dimension also offers the advantage of having a relatively constant residual austenite content; the increase in the austenite content being perceptible only for a larger extent.
- the metallographic analyzes are carried out using an optical microscope with a suitable magnification allowing the observation of a surface of identical size to the irradiated surface for each area of material volume studied using a synchrotron, i.e. here 80 x 80 pm 2 .
- Digital photographic negatives are obtained (cf. FIG. 4) corresponding to each zone studied by X-ray diffraction with the help of the imprints of micro-hardness points 12 used as markers on the micrographic section.
- FIG. 5 shows a view of two different zones 13 and 14 of the wafer, corresponding to two contiguous sectors along the direction 40 of carbon diffusion and identified thanks to the filiations of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 4 the raw images where the element 41 is residual austenite appears in gray
- FIG. 5 the images after processing by the software where the phase of the identified element 41, here of residual austenite, appears by pixels in white.
- the invention can be applied for the release control of the thermochemical treatment, on a production monitoring control part (as represented in figure 2) but also on a real part of power transmission, or any other sample of cemented material and in all the considered areas of interest of these parts.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2110757A FR3128024B1 (fr) | 2021-10-12 | 2021-10-12 | Procede de mesure quantitatif d’un element dans une piece |
| PCT/FR2022/051903 WO2023062309A1 (fr) | 2021-10-12 | 2022-10-10 | Procede de mesure quantitatif d'un element dans une piece |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4416493A1 true EP4416493A1 (fr) | 2024-08-21 |
Family
ID=80122940
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22802204.2A Pending EP4416493A1 (fr) | 2021-10-12 | 2022-10-10 | Procede de mesure quantitatif d'un element dans une piece |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250003944A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4416493A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118119840A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3128024B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023062309A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3677462B2 (ja) * | 2000-05-12 | 2005-08-03 | 株式会社中村製作所 | 鋼材の高濃度浸炭焼入方法および高濃度浸炭焼入部品 |
| JP2003055711A (ja) * | 2001-08-16 | 2003-02-26 | Mazda Motor Corp | 鋼部材の表面処理方法およびその焼入れ部品 |
| CN109211903B (zh) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-06-30 | 华中科技大学 | 一种对相变的原位观察结果进行定量分析的方法及应用 |
| CN113049586A (zh) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-29 | 宝武特种冶金有限公司 | 一种基于Matlab的钛合金金相分析方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-10-12 FR FR2110757A patent/FR3128024B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-10-10 CN CN202280069099.3A patent/CN118119840A/zh active Pending
- 2022-10-10 EP EP22802204.2A patent/EP4416493A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-10-10 US US18/700,575 patent/US20250003944A1/en active Pending
- 2022-10-10 WO PCT/FR2022/051903 patent/WO2023062309A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN118119840A (zh) | 2024-05-31 |
| FR3128024B1 (fr) | 2024-08-09 |
| US20250003944A1 (en) | 2025-01-02 |
| WO2023062309A1 (fr) | 2023-04-20 |
| FR3128024A1 (fr) | 2023-04-14 |
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