EP4412833A1 - Film biodégradable multicouche obtenu par coextrusion réactive - Google Patents

Film biodégradable multicouche obtenu par coextrusion réactive

Info

Publication number
EP4412833A1
EP4412833A1 EP22713249.5A EP22713249A EP4412833A1 EP 4412833 A1 EP4412833 A1 EP 4412833A1 EP 22713249 A EP22713249 A EP 22713249A EP 4412833 A1 EP4412833 A1 EP 4412833A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
film
polylactic acid
biodegradable film
productivity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22713249.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Filip SPASOV UBLEKOV
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lam'on Ltd
Original Assignee
Lam'on Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lam'on Ltd filed Critical Lam'on Ltd
Priority claimed from PCT/BG2022/050001 external-priority patent/WO2023056534A1/fr
Publication of EP4412833A1 publication Critical patent/EP4412833A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92514—Pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/9258—Velocity
    • B29C2948/9259—Angular velocity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92704—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B29C2948/92885—Screw or gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0019—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by flattening, folding or bending
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/025—General arrangement or layout of plant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/28—Storing of extruded material, e.g. by winding up or stacking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/49—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using two or more extruders to feed one die or nozzle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2063/00—Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B29K2067/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
    • B29K2067/046—PLA, i.e. polylactic acid or polylactide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/004—Semi-crystalline
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0041—Crystalline
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0059—Degradable
    • B29K2995/006—Bio-degradable, e.g. bioabsorbable, bioresorbable or bioerodible
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0088—Molecular weight
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/716—Degradable
    • B32B2307/7163—Biodegradable
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02W90/10—Bio-packaging, e.g. packing containers made from renewable resources or bio-plastics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a biodegradable film, with and without an adhesive layer, based on polylactides (polylactic acid) and a method for its production by reactive coextrusion.
  • the biodegradable film can be used for hot lamination of different types of paper, aluminum foil or other films based on polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, etc., as well as the production of disposable products such as packaging, including food products, waste bags, shopping bags, sealing materials.
  • Flexible films are usually composed of multiple layers, which include different types of materials to provide the desired functionality, such as flexibility, sealing, barrier properties and printing.
  • flexible packaging material is often used as a food preservative.
  • Flexible packaging is also used to store various consumer products.
  • PLA polylactic acid
  • PLA polylactic acid
  • the ratio of the length of the screw to its diameter determines its ability to homogenize.
  • a typical feature of the extrusion of polylactic acid is the ratio to be greater than 24.
  • Most Extruders manufactured after the year 2000 have an equal or greater ratio. This allows the extrusion of polylactic acid on virtually any extruder manufactured after the year 2000.
  • Polylactic acid films can be obtained by two methods:
  • the first method has found the widest application. From the extruder, the molten plastic enters the die and it is distributed by the mandrel in an even thin layer and comes out in the form of a hot bubble. Compressed air is supplied through the mandrel, which inflates the bubble to the desired thickness of the film and at the same time cools it.
  • the bubble is wound paired and guided by the nip rollers that continuously pull it at a constant speed. At the same time, the nip rollers perform the role of tightly pressing the bubble and preventing the inflating air from escaping.
  • single-layer and multi-layer films can be produced at the same time.
  • the film obtained by this method has an almost uniformly oriented structure longitudinally and transversely to the pull, which provides virtually the same properties in both directions. At the same time the film is characterized by some darkening due to the increased crystallization due to the delayed cooling.
  • Another disadvantage of the blown film die ring extrusion method is the limitation of the plastics used, which must have relatively low values for their melt index equal to or less than 12 g/min at 190°C. This limitation is constructively related to the method of blown film die ring extrusion and subsequent bubble blowing. Plastics that do not meet these conditions (they are too fluid in molten state) are extruded through a flat die. Basically, this method extrudes polyolefin - polyethylene, polypropylene or their copolymers.
  • Flat die extrusion consists of extruding a melt through a flat die while the melt is lowered vertically and directed toward cooling device. By cooling the surface of polished metal cooled rolls. With this technology single-layer or multi-layer films can be produced.
  • the film obtained by this method has good optical properties, but the mechanical properties in the two directions differ significantly.
  • the method allows extrusion of films of polyolefins, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride and others.
  • Patent issued in China with No. CN109177401 which is part of the prior art, discloses a completely biodegradable film and its method of production by the blown extrusion method.
  • the completely degradable film consists of three layers - inner, middle and outer layer, arranged sequentially.
  • the inner layer comprises 10-25 parts polylactic acid PLA, 61.8 - 68.95 parts poly[butylene terephthalate-co-polybutylene glycol) terephthalate] , 0.1-2 parts of a compatibilizer, 0.1 weight parts of a plasticizer, 0.1-3 parts of a nucleating agent, 0.05- 0.2 parts of a chain extender, 0.1-1 part of an opening agent, 0.1-2 parts of a lubricant and 0.2-2 parts of black carbon.
  • the middle layer comprises 10-25 parts of polylactic acid, 52.8-83.25 parts of poly[butylene terephthalate-co-polybutylene glycol) terephthalate], 0.1-2 parts of compatibilizer, 0.1-5 parts of plasticizer, 0.1-2 parts of lubricant, 0.05-0.2 part of chain extender and 6-12 parts of titanium dioxide.
  • the outer layer comprises 15-30 parts of polylactic acid, 53.8-82.65 parts of parts poly[butylene terephthalate-co-polybutylene glycol) terephthalate], 0.1-2 parts of a compatibilizer, 0.1-5 parts of a plasticizer, 0.1-2 parts of a lubricant, 0.02-0.2 part of a chain extender and 2-6 parts of titanium dioxideEach of the three layers additionally comprises glycerol monooctadecanoate, acetyl tributyl citrate, ethylene bisteramide and a chain extender.
  • the anti-blocking agent is erucylamide or oleamide and the chain extender is a triblock copolymer of styrene-acrylate-propylene oxide methacrylate and / or a triblock copolymer of styrene-maleic anhydride-propylene oxide methacrylate.
  • the method for the production of the biodegradable film comprises the following stages: preparation of the composition of each of the layers and its supply to three separate extruders in a blown extrusion line; extrusion and granulation of each layer in a certain temperature profile in zones; simultaneous extrusion of the three layers by the method of blown extrusion; withdrawing the resulting bubble of the film to produce a fully degradable film.
  • Document CN105416797 which is also part of the prior art, discloses a biodegradable express delivery packaging composed of a composite layer comprising a first layer, a third layer and a second layer located between the first and third layers. All layers are made of film material A or film material B, wherein film material A consists of the following components by weight %: 95.5% polylactic acid, 3% degradable color masterbatch and 1 .5% adhesive, and film material B consists of 95% polyadipic acid / PBT, 3.5% degradable color masterbatch and 1.5% adhesive.
  • the invention further discloses a three-layer co-extrusion technology by the method of blown extrusion of biodegradable express delivery packaging.
  • the disadvantages of these disclosures are that the PLA used is in a very small ratio, i.e. they are not based on PLA and are not based entirely on renewable sources such as polylactic acid. Copolyesters of adipic acid with 1 ,4 butanediol, terephthalic acid, dimethyl terephthalic acid and others are completely biodegradable, but the starting monomers are obtained synthetically from non-renewable sources as opposed to PLA.
  • EP 1 793 994 B1 discloses a PLA-based film obtained by the blown extrusion method, as well as a method for its production by blown extrusion.
  • a method for producing a film by blown extrusion from polylactic acid (PLA) comprising: a) providing dry granules of PLA; b) melting the granules to form a molten mass of a first desired viscosity value or range of values; c) increasing the viscosity of the molten mass to a second desired viscosity value or range of values; d) forming a bubble from the resulting molten mass; and e) flattening the bubble to form a film, wherein the plasticizer is lactide and the blown PLA film comprises less than 10% of the plasticizer.
  • a PLA film obtained by this method is also disclosed.
  • the disclosed film and the method for its production are based on PLA, they also contain plasticizers, which reduce the glass transition temperature of the PLA and severely limit the temperature range of application of the products.
  • the task of creating a film based on PLA, meeting the above criteria, is achieved by a multilayer biodegradable film according to the combination of features of independent claim 1 .
  • a multilayer biodegradable film comprising at least one first layer A and at least one second layer B, wherein the layer A and layer B are different from each other, wherein the layer A comprises: i) a minimum of 75 wt. % amorphous polylactic acid (PLA) with D isomer content >5%; ii) triblock epoxy styrene-acrylate copolymer up to 5 wt. % of the total PLA in this layer, and layer B comprises: i) a minimum of 75 wt.
  • PLA polylactic acid
  • PLA semi-crystalline polylactic acid
  • D isomer ⁇ 5% ii) triblock epoxy styrene-acrylate copolymer up to 5 wt. % of the total PLA in this layer.
  • the epoxy styrene-acrylate triblock copolymer increases the molecular weight of the polylactic acid by reacting with the hydroxyl end groups of the polylactic acid macromolecule and the epoxy group of the triblock copolymer. This increases the melt index and improves the properties of polylactic acid.
  • the resulting film has improved impact strength, tensile strength, elongation at break while maintaining hardness and thermomechanical resistance at the same time.
  • the epoxy styrene-acrylate triblock copolymer has an average molecular weight of 3000 to 10000, and with the following structural formula wherein Ri, R2, R3, R4, Rs and Re are independently from each other methyl, methylene, ethylene or propylene groups.
  • the total molecular weight of the epoxy styrene-acrylate triblock copolymer is about 7100.
  • the multilayer biodegradable film further comprises a third layer C, which is wholly or partially composed of thermoplastic copolyimide, preferably highly branched polyamide with a low molecular weight of 5,000 to 20,000, and wherein the layers are arranged in the ABC order.
  • the resulting film is a fully transparent biodegradable three-layer film with an adhesive layer included, suitable for hot lamination of paper, aluminum, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane and others.
  • the multilayer biodegradable film also comprises a third layer C, which is identical to the layer A, wherein the layers are arranged in the ABC order.
  • the resulting film is a fully transparent biodegradable three-layer film of the ABC type, suitable for packaging food and other products by thermal sealing.
  • the multilayer biodegradable film is characterised in that the layers A and B further comprise polyamide form 1 wt.% up to 4 wt.%.
  • the macromolecule of polyamide has hydroxyl end groups, which allows by the same mechanism to react with epoxy styrene-acrylate triblock copolymer, obtaining branched macromolecules with improved properties.
  • the multilayer biodegradable film when the layers A and B comprise polyamide, is also characterized in that it comprises a third layer C, which is wholly or partially composed of thermoplastic copolyimide, preferably highly branched low molecular weight polyamide with low molecular weight from 5,000 to 20,000, and wherein the layers are arranged in the ABC order.
  • the resulting film is a matte biodegradable three-layer film of the ABC type with an adhesive layer included, suitable for hot lamination of paper, aluminum, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane and others.
  • the multilayer biodegradable film when layers A and B comprise polyamide, is also characterized in that it comprises a third layer C, which is identical to the layer A, and wherein the layers are arranged in the ABC order.
  • the resulting film is a matte biodegradable three-layer film of the ABC type suitable for packaging food and other products by thermal sealing.
  • the multilayer biodegradable film is characterized by the total thickness of the layers from 5 to 120 microns.
  • the biodegradable film is suitable for laminating paper, cardboard, other films (polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyamide) or aluminum. The laminating can be done at a temperature between 80 and 120 degrees C and pressure between 2 and 5 N depending on the thickness of the film. This allows it to be exploited industrially on automatic machines or manual lamination.
  • the multilayer biodegradable film is characterized in that it is obtained by the method of reactive coextrusion by a blown film die ring.
  • the film produced by this method has extremely good physio-mechanical and optical properties, as well as improved extrusion process and all other processes related to additional work with the film - treatment, printing, thermal sealing, etc., as well as with low cost.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for manufacturing a multilayer biodegradable film based on PLA by the blown film extrusion, which is achieved by the production of a multilayered biodegradable film based on PLA, in accordance with any one of the previous embodiments of the composition of the multilayered biodegradable film, comprised by the steps:
  • composition for each of the layers and feeding it to at least two separate extruders A and B, one for each layer A, B, respectively, in a blown extrusion line;
  • the temperature profile of extruder A is 170° C, 180° C, 190° C, 200° C, 200° C, and the screw speed is 14 min -1 , which allows 24 kg / h productivity and 100 bar pressure of the melt;
  • the temperature profile of extruder B is: 170 ° C, 180 ° C, 190 ° C, 200 ° C, 200 ° C, and the screw speed is 18 min -1 , which allows 45 kg/h productivity and 126 bar pressure on the melt;
  • the temperature profile of extruder C is: 170° C, 180° C, 190° C, 200° C, 200° C; the screw speed is12 min -1 , which allows 21 kg/h productivity and 60 bar pressure on the melt;
  • the temperature profile of extruder A is 170° C, 180° C, 190° C, 200° C, 200° C, and the screw speed is 14 min -1 , which allows 24 kg/h productivity and 100 bar pressure of the melt;
  • the temperature profile of extruder C is: 170° C, 180° C, 190° C, 200° C, 200° C., the screw speed is 14 min -1 , which allows 24 kg/h productivity and 100 bar pressure on the melt;
  • This method is extremely suitable for the production of matt biodegradable three-layer film of the ABC type suitable for packaging food and other products by thermal sealing, as well as for the production of a fully transparent biodegradable three-layer film of the ABC type suitable for packaging food and other products by thermal sealing.
  • a final step of applying corona treatment to increase the surface tension can be applied.
  • Figure 2 Three-layer blown extrusion line with a double winding module.
  • Plastic films comprising polylactic acid (PLA) and a method for their production by blown film extrusion are described herewith.
  • the terms 'reactive coextrusion', ' blown film die ring reactive coextrusion ', 'blown extrusion' should be understood in the same way, namely the die ring extrusion method followed by inflation with a certain volume of air to obtain the required bubble thickness of the film.
  • the present invention provides blown films comprising polylactic acid.
  • film and “foil” should be interpreted unambiguously and include not only film/foil but also sheets.
  • the names of the polymer sometimes derives from the name of the monomer from which the polymer is made, in other cases, the name of the polymer derives from the name of the smallest repeating unit.
  • the smallest repeating unit in a polylactide is lactic acid.
  • the commercial polylactide is produced by polymerizing lactide, which is a lactic acid dimer.
  • polylactic acid refers to polymers that have a repeating unit (Structural formulas A, B and C) without any restriction on how the polymer is synthesized (e.g. from lactides, lactic acid and/or their oligomers) and without reference to the degree of polymerization.
  • the terms are intended to include in their scope both polymers based on lactic acid and polymers based on polylactide, the terms being used interchangeably. Namely, the terms “polylactic acid”, “polylactide” and “PLA” are not limiting as to how the polymer is formed.
  • compositions used in the embodiments and claims should not be construed as limiting to the content mentioned there, but it should be borne in mind that other components may be present in the composition, such as pigments, dyes, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, colorants or plasticizers, which may also be added if necessary.
  • foil type A, B, C is to be construed a three-layer foil (film), wherein layer B is to be understood as the middle layer and layers A and C as the two outer layers. Respectively, film of type A, B should be understood as a two-layer foil (film). Similarly, in the film production method, extruders A, B and/or C should be understood as extruders in which the extrusion of each layer A, B and/or C, respectively, takes place.
  • Ingeo TM Biopolymer 4032D for amorphous polylactic acid (PLA) with D isomer content >5%
  • Ingeo TM Biopolymer 4060D for semi-crystalline PLA with crystallinity >20% and low D isomer content ⁇ 5% respectively, purchasedfrom NatureWorks LLC.
  • the other components are BASF products.
  • the illustrated examples relate to a three-layer biodegradable film, which the inventors have found to have the best physico-mechanical and optical properties and the best cost.
  • the blown extrusion line includes main motor 1 , reducer 2, extruder 3, auger 4, dispenser(s) 5, adapter 6, die/nozzle 7, fan 8, cooling unit 9, air ring 10, film bubble 11 , guides 12, a discharge block 13, pulling shafts 14, a flat sleeve 15, guide shafts 16, a winding device 17 including a spool 18 and a guide shaft 19 through which the wound film passes 20.
  • the line is equipped with three separate extruders each with 4 dispensers, only 2 of them are used for the two-layer film and all 3 extruders for the three-layer film, respectively.
  • the molten plastic from the two or three extruders (depending on the type of foil - two-layer or three-layer) are fed simultaneously in a special die for blown extrusion, in this case, a die ring.
  • the film comes out uniformly from the die, inflated with compressed air like a bubble and cooled with cold air. After the formation of the bubble, the film passes through several shafts, which orient and pull it.
  • the film takes the shape of a sleeve, which is split with vertical knives to obtain a single-layer film (Fig. 2).
  • the thus obtained single-layer film is wound on two different spools.
  • the standard Windmbller & Hblscher line for three-layer blown coextrusion of polyethylene with a die ring of 200 mm and a die width to bubble diameter ratio of 1 : 2.5 is used.
  • the film is type AB and ABC, extruded in 2 or 3 layers, respectively, each in a separate extruder, which is equipped with 4 automatic gravimetric dosing systems.
  • the film is cooled with cold air, which keeps the temperature of the film under 70° C before its contact with the nip roller.
  • the inflated bubble is rolled, oriented and pulled until the film is obtained.
  • the resulting film is a three-layer film with a width of 900 cm and a thickness of 25 microns.
  • the dynamometer strength indicators are determined on a ZWICK 1464 dynamometer according to the BDS EN ISO 527-1 : 2020 standard.
  • the production of the multilayer biodegradable film according to the present disclosure is particularly recommended, efficient and cost-effective, it will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the multilayer biodegradable film according to the present disclosure can also be obtained by direct flat die extrusion with subsequent rolling with cooled polished shafts and the present invention is not limited to its production by a blown extrusion.
  • Example 1 Matt biodegradable two-layer film of the AB type without an adhesive layer, suitable for packaging food and other products by thermal sealing.
  • the raw materials in layer A are the following:
  • Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer.
  • the temperature profile of extruder A is as follows: 170° C, 180° C, 190° C, 200° C, 200° C.
  • the screw speed is 16 min -1 , which provides 30 kg/h productivity and 100 bar melt pressure.
  • the raw materials in layer B are the following:
  • Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer.
  • the temperature profile of extruder B is as follows: 170° C, 180° C, 190° C, 200° C, 200° C.
  • the screw speed is 22 min -1 , which provides 60 kg/h productivity and 126 bar melt pressure.
  • the parameters of the blown extrusion line are: total productivity 90 kg/h, pull speed 24 m/min and winding speed 24 m/min. To obtain a film with a thickness of 7 microns, the parameters are: total productivity is 90 kg/h, pull speed 80 m/min and winding speed 80 m/min. To obtain a film with a thickness of 100 microns, the parameters are: total productivity 250 kg/h, pull speed 30 m/min and winding speed 30 m / min.
  • the foil allows it to be wound with a strength of 40N, without defects on single-layer rolls of the desired size and thickness.
  • the surface tension of the foil is 38 dyn, if desired it can be treated with a corona discharge, in which the surface tension is 42 dyn.
  • the film obtained in this way has the following physico-mechanical properties: By Machine Direction (MD):
  • Example 2 Matt biodegradable three-layer film of type ABC with an adhesive layer, suitable for hot lamination for paper, aluminum, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane and others.
  • the raw materials in layer A are the following:
  • Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer.
  • the temperature profile of extruder A is as follows: 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, 200°C.
  • the screw speed is 14 min -1 , which provides 24 kg/h productivity and 100 bar melt pressure.
  • the raw materials in layer B are the following:
  • Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer.
  • the temperature profile of extruder B is as follows: 170°C, 18 °C, 190°C, 200°C, 200°C.
  • the screw speed is 18 min -1 , which provides 45 kg/h productivity and 126 bar melt pressure.
  • the raw materials in layer C are the following:
  • the temperature profile of extruder C is as follows: 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, 200°C.
  • the screw speed is 12 min -1 , which provides 21 kg/h productivity and 60 bar melt pressure.
  • the parameters of the blown extrusion line are: total productivity 90 kg/h, pull speed 24 m/min and winding speed 24 m/min.
  • total productivity 90 kg/h
  • total productivity 250 kg/h the productivity 250 kg/h
  • the surface tension of the foil is 38 dyn, if desired it can be treated with a corona discharge, in which the surface tension is 42 dyn.
  • the film obtained in this way has the following physico-mechanical properties:
  • Example 3 Matt biodegradable three-layer film of type ABC suitable for packaging food and other products by thermal sealing.
  • the raw materials in layer A are the following:
  • Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer.
  • the temperature profile of extruder A is as follows: 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, 200°C.
  • the screw speed is 14 min -1 , which provides 24 kg/h productivity and 100 bar melt pressure.
  • the raw materials in layer B are the following:
  • Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer.
  • the temperature profile of extruder B is as follows: 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, 200°C.
  • the screw speed is 18 min -1 , which provides 45 kg/h productivity and 126 bar melt pressure.
  • the raw materials in layer C are the following:
  • the parameters of the blown extrusion line are: total productivity 90 kg/h, pull speed 24 m/min and winding speed 24 m/min. To obtain a film with a thickness of 7 microns, the parameters are: total productivity is 90 kg/h, pull speed 80 m/min. and winding speed 80 m/min. To obtain a film with a thickness of 100 microns, the parameters are: total productivity 250 kg/h, pull speed 30 m/min. and winding speed 30 m/min.
  • the film allows it to be wound with a strength of 40N, without defects on single-layer rolls of the desired size and thickness.
  • the surface tension of the film is 38 dyn, if desired it can be treated with a corona discharge, in which the surface tension is 42 dyn.
  • the film obtained in this way has the following physico-mechanical properties: By Machine direction (MD):
  • Example 4 Transparent biodegradable three-layer film of type ABC suitable for packaging food and other products by thermal sealing.
  • the raw materials in layer A are the following:
  • Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer.
  • the temperature profile of extruder A is as follows: 170° C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, 200°C.
  • the screw speed is 14 min -1 , which provides 24 kg/h productivity and 100 bar melt pressure.
  • the raw materials in layer B are the following:
  • the temperature profile of extruder B is as follows: 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, 200°C.
  • the screw speed is 18 min -1 , which provides 45 kg/h productivity and 126 bar melt pressure.
  • the raw materials in layer C are the following:
  • Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer.
  • the temperature profile of extruder A is as follows: 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, 200°C.
  • the screw speed is 14 min -1 , which provides 24 kg/h productivity and 100 bar melt pressure. All temperatures after the extruders - adapters and die are set at 200°C.
  • the parameters of the blown extrusion line are: total productivity 90 kg/h, pull speed 24 m/min and winding speed 24 m/min. To obtain a film with a thickness of 7 microns, the parameters are: total productivity is 90 kg/h, pull speed 80 m/min. and winding speed 80 m/min. To obtain a film with a thickness of 100 microns, the parameters are: total productivity 250 kg/h, pull speed 30 m/min. and winding speed 30 m/min.
  • the film allows it to be wound with a strength of 40N, without defects on single-layer rolls of the desired size and thickness.
  • the surface tension of the foil film is 38 dyn, if desired it can be treated with a corona discharge, in which the surface tension is 42 dyn.
  • the film obtained in this way has the following physico-mechanical properties: By Machine direction (MD):
  • Example 5 Transparent biodegradable two-layer film of type AB without adhesive layer, suitable for packaging food and other products by thermal sealing.
  • the raw materials in layer A are the following:
  • Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer The temperature profile of extruder A is as follows: 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, 200°C.
  • the screw speed is 16 min -1 , which provides 30 kg/h productivity and 100 bar melt pressure.
  • the raw materials in layer B are the following:
  • Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer.
  • the temperature profile of extruder B is as follows: 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, 200°C.
  • the screw speed is 22 min -1 , which provides 60 kg/h productivity and 126 bar melt pressure.
  • the parameters of the blown extrusion line are: total productivity 90 kg/h, pull speed 24 m/min and winding speed 24 m/min. To obtain a film with a thickness of 7 microns, the parameters are: total productivity is 90 kg/h, pull speed 80 m/min. and winding speed 80 m/min. To obtain a film with a thickness of 100 microns, the parameters are: total productivity 250 kg/h, pull speed 30 m/min and winding speed 30 m/min.
  • the film allows it to be wound with a strength of 40N, without defects on single-layer rolls of the desired size and thickness.
  • the surface tension of the film is 38 dyn, if desired it can be treated with a corona discharge, in which the surface tension is 42 dyn.
  • the film obtained in this way has the following physical and mechanical properties: By Machine direction (MD):
  • Example 6 Transparent biodegradable three-layer film with an adhesive layer, suitable for hot lamination for paper, aluminum, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane and others.
  • the raw materials in layer A are the following:
  • Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer The temperature profile of extruder A is as follows: 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, 200°C.
  • the screw speed is 14 min -1 , which provides 24 kg/h productivity and 100 bar melt pressure.
  • the raw materials in layer B are the following:
  • Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer Joncryl ADR 4400 - 1 .75% of the whole layer.
  • the temperature profile of extruder B is as follows: 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, 200°C.
  • the screw speed is 18 min -1 , which provides 45 kg/h productivity and 126 bar melt pressure.
  • the raw materials in layer C are the following:
  • the temperature profile of extruder C is as follows: 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, 200°C.
  • the screw speed is 12 min -1 , which provides 21 kg/h productivity and 60 bar melt pressure. All temperatures after the extruders - adapters and die are set at 200°C.
  • the parameters of the blown extrusion line are: total productivity 90 kg/h, pull speed 24 m/min and winding speed 24 m/min. To obtain a film with a thickness of 7 microns, the parameters are: total productivity is 90 kg/h, pull speed 80 m/min. and winding speed 80 m/min. To obtain a film with a thickness of 100 microns, the parameters are: total productivity 250 kg/h, pull speed 30 m/min and winding speed 30 m/min.
  • the film allows it to be wound with a strength of 40N, without defects on single-layer rolls of the desired size and thickness.
  • the surface tension of the film is 38 dyn, if desired it can be treated with a corona discharge, in which the surface tension is 42 dyn.
  • the film obtained in this way has the following physical and mechanical properties: By Machine direction (MD):
  • the films and the compounds disclosed herewith ensure environmentally friendly materials, as their physical destruction and degradation are faster and more complete than conventional non-degradable plastics, which they can replace (e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.). That is, the intermediate products from the degradation, lactic acid and its short polymers, are common naturally occurring substances that are easily metabolized by a wide variety of organisms to carbon dioxide and water. Thus, PLA-based films are a desirable substitute for many conventional plastic films.
  • Such applications include, but are not limited to, batteries, boxes, bottles, disposable lighters, pens and decorative items, food boxes with windows (e.g. pastries, donuts), food coatings (e.g. packaging and bags covering meat, fish and vegetables), toys, flower bags and envelopes.
  • the films of the present invention may be particularly suitable for packaging food of any type.
  • the components used for the production of this film have certificates for contact with food products.
  • the tests have shown that there is no migration of chemicals from the film to food.
  • VLM 104 2010 under test conditions: HPLC / MS / MS, 10 days, 40°C, model solution B, the values illustrated in Table 1 were obtained:
  • the PLA-based films of the present invention can also be used in applications that traditionally use paper, such as envelopes and plaques.
  • the films of the present invention may be particularly suitable for print applications.
  • the relatively high surface tension of PLA films makes them susceptible to (printed) ink often without additional surface treatment.
  • the surface energy of substantially pure polylactide films of the present invention is from 38 up to 42 dyn. This results in a surface with satisfactory printable characteristics without surface modification. In this way, inks that are generally more difficult to apply to films, such as water-based inks, can be applied directly to PLA films.
  • the films, printed or otherwise, can also be produced with glue on one side to provide pressure-sensitive labels. These labels can be applied to various consumer products, such as bottles (e.g. drinks, shampoos, tubes, cans, etc.) and general packaging.
  • the thickness and width of the films according to the invention can be adjusted according to well-known and used techniques and the necessities of the end customer.
  • the extrusion speed can be adjusted to determine the thickness of the product.
  • the pull speed is the speed at which the bubble is withdrawn through a nozzle or die; usually the higher the speed, the thinner the thickness.
  • Pigments, dyes, colorants, plasticizers and other additives may also be added if necessary.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un film biodégradable multicouche à base de polylactides (acide polylactique), de préférence obtenu par coextrusion réactive. Le film biodégradable multicouche est constitué d'au moins une première couche A et d'au moins une seconde couche B, la couche A et la couche B étant différentes l'une de l'autre et la couche A comprenant : i) un minimum de 75 % en poids d'acide polylactique amorphe (PLA) avec une teneur en isomère D ≥ 5 %; ii) un copolymère de styrène-acrylate d'époxy triséquencé jusqu'à 5 % en poids de l'acide polylactique total dans cette couche; la couche B comprenant : i) un minimum de 75 % en poids d'acide polylactique semi-cristallin ayant un degré de cristallinité ≥ 20 % et une faible teneur en isomère D ≤ 5 %; ii) un copolymère de styrène-acrylate d'époxy triséquencé jusqu'à 5 % en poids de l'acide polylactique total dans cette couche. Dans des modes de réalisation particulièrement préférés, le film biodégradable multicouche dispose de trois couches et est obtenu par le procédé d'extrusion-soufflage.
EP22713249.5A 2021-10-07 2022-02-17 Film biodégradable multicouche obtenu par coextrusion réactive Pending EP4412833A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BG53912121 2021-10-07
PCT/BG2022/050001 WO2023056534A1 (fr) 2021-10-07 2022-02-17 Film biodégradable multicouche obtenu par coextrusion réactive

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EP4412833A1 true EP4412833A1 (fr) 2024-08-14

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