EP4409139B1 - Verdrängerpumpe - Google Patents
VerdrängerpumpeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4409139B1 EP4409139B1 EP22797407.8A EP22797407A EP4409139B1 EP 4409139 B1 EP4409139 B1 EP 4409139B1 EP 22797407 A EP22797407 A EP 22797407A EP 4409139 B1 EP4409139 B1 EP 4409139B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- lobes
- rotor
- support
- stator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
- F04C2/08—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
- F04C2/082—Details specially related to intermeshing engagement type machines or pumps
- F04C2/084—Toothed wheels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C15/00—Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
- F04C15/0042—Systems for the equilibration of forces acting on the machines or pump
- F04C15/0049—Equalization of pressure pulses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C15/00—Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
- F04C15/06—Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
- F04C15/064—Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet with inlet and outlet valves specially adapted for rotary or oscillating piston machines or pumps
- F04C15/066—Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet with inlet and outlet valves specially adapted for rotary or oscillating piston machines or pumps of the non-return type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
- F04C2/08—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
- F04C2/12—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
- F04C2/126—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with radially from the rotor body extending elements, not necessarily co-operating with corresponding recesses in the other rotor, e.g. lobes, Roots type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
- F04C2/30—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
- F04C2/40—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and having a hinged member
- F04C2/46—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and having a hinged member with vanes hinged to the outer member
Definitions
- the invention relates to a volumetric lobe pump.
- a “volumetric pump” is a pump in which the pumping of a fluid results from the variation of a volume occupied by the fluid inside the pump, called the pumping volume.
- “Volumetric lobe pumps” include pumps for which several lobes make it possible to define this pumping volume inside the pump.
- volumetric lobe pump The operation of a volumetric lobe pump is described in particular in the documents FR 2 645 915 , FR 2 622 935 And FR 3 053 743 .
- Positive displacement lobe pumps consist of a stator with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, also called an exhaust stack.
- the stator has an internal cylindrical chamber forming a stator volume in hydraulic communication with the fluid inlet and the exhaust stack.
- a lobe rotor is arranged inside the stator volume.
- Each lobe typically has a cylindrical shape of ovoid section with a radial end intended to scrape the internal wall of the internal cylindrical chamber of the stator.
- the rotational movement of the rotor then moves the volume between two lobes facing the internal wall of the stator, thus delimiting the pumping volume.
- the volume between two lobes is continuously moved until it reaches the extraction chimney. In this position, a valve rubs against the lobe located opposite the extraction chimney so that the rotational movement of the rotor moves the fluids from the pumping volume into the extraction chimney.
- the pressure in the piping connected to the extraction chimney is approximately two bars and a very high back pressure is observed when a rotor lobe passes from a state where it rubs against the internal wall of the stator to a state where its radial end is located opposite the extraction chimney.
- the abrupt transition between these two states is visible in the piping.
- the grape harvest products can be seen moving forward in jerks in the piping.
- the grape harvest products move forward for a period of approximately one second and then, for a few milliseconds, the grape harvest products stop. They then move back in the piping when the pumping volume is put into hydraulic communication with the extraction chimney due to the release of the pressure in the piping in the stator volume. After this release, the grape harvest products move forward again under the pressure applied by the rotation of the rotor.
- the invention proposes to use a lobe rotor with chevron-shaped lobes so that the hydraulic communication of the pumping volume with the extraction chimney is progressive.
- the valve also has a chevron shape complementary to that of the lobes so as to obtain the guidance of the fluids from the stator volume to the extraction chimney.
- a “chevron shape” corresponds to a shape in which two segments intersect at an angle between 120 and 170 degrees.
- the invention is characterized in that the radial end of each lobe has the shape of at least one chevron so that the hydraulic communication of the pumping volume with the extraction chimney is progressive, the valve having the shape of at least one chevron complementary to that of the lobes so as to guarantee the hermeticity of the hydraulic communication between the pumping volume and the extraction chimney.
- the shape of the radial end of each lobe makes it possible to obtain a progressiveness in the hydraulic communication between the stator volume and the pressure contained in the piping connected to the extraction chimney.
- the radial end of the lobes is straight as is the opening of the extraction chimney in the stator volume. It follows that the passage of the radial end of a lobe at the edge of the opening of the extraction chimney in the stator volume causes a very rapid relaxation of the pressure of the piping in the stator volume.
- the straight edge of the extraction chimney opening cooperates with a chevron-shaped edge of the radial end of each lobe so that the pressure relief of the pipe is much slower.
- the invention makes it possible to obtain progressive relaxation as the rotor moves, thereby limiting the compression and expansion phases that the fluid undergoes during pumping.
- stator is not necessarily modified so that it is possible, in one embodiment, to transform an existing pump by simply replacing the rotor and the valve.
- the invention is implemented to pump grape harvest products, limiting the stresses undergone by the grape harvest products during pumping makes it possible to protect the quality of the harvest, that is to say to guarantee the integrity of the harvest as much as possible.
- the complexity of implementing the invention lies in the specific shape of the rotor lobes and the associated valve. More particularly, the rotor is movable on an axis and it can have a variable length inside the stator volume depending on the desired pumping volume. To ensure the progressiveness of the hydraulic communication of the pumping volume with the extraction chimney, it is possible to use one or more chevrons at the radial end of the lobes.
- the rotor has a first circular propeller with a left-hand pitch fixed on a second circular propeller with a right-hand pitch.
- a circular propeller is inscribed in a cylinder of revolution so that the radial end of the propeller, i.e. that of the rotor, can cooperate with the cylindrical internal wall of the stator to form a substantially hermetic cavity.
- the rotor may have two, three or four lobes without changing the invention.
- the rotor cross-section is ovoid and the rotor is relatively simple to design and manufacture.
- the rotor can be manufactured by manufacturing the two propeller parts independently and fixing them after manufacture.
- the rotor can also be cast in one piece by casting a stainless steel core using a lost-wax casting technique.
- This stainless steel core can then be covered with a food-grade elastomer to accommodate the friction of the valve.
- the stainless steel core covered with a food-grade elastomer can be sandwiched between two stainless steel flanges, also made using a lost-wax casting technique. The two flanges are preferably made at the same time as the core.
- three-dimensional printing can be performed to achieve this complex shape.
- each lobe has several chevrons.
- the rotor may have a first circular propeller with a left-hand pitch fixed to a second circular propeller with a right-hand pitch, itself fixed to a third circular propeller with a left-hand pitch, itself fixed to a fourth circular propeller with a right-hand pitch.
- This embodiment makes it possible to obtain good progressiveness for the hydraulic communication of the pumping volume with the extraction chimney, particularly for large volume pumps.
- valve return means can also correspond to any known means, such as springs.
- valve return means correspond to magnetic means.
- they preferably comprise a third annular magnet support, the third support being free to rotate between the first support and the second support, the poles of the magnets of the third support being offset between the poles of the magnets of the first support and the magnets of the second support.
- the return means of the valve comprise removable fixing means of the supports making it possible to open the return means in order to modify the magnetic power or the number of magnets when it is desired to modify the return force of the return means.
- a volumetric lobe pump 10 has a stator 11 whose internal wall forms a substantially cylindrical chamber. The lateral ends of the cylindrical chamber are closed by two plates bolted to the stator 11.
- the stator volume formed in the cylindrical chamber is in hydraulic communication with a fluid inlet 12 and an extraction chimney 13.
- the fluid inlet 12 is arranged at the rear of the pump 10 while the extraction chimney 13 is arranged above the pump 10.
- the positioning of the fluid inlet 12 and the extraction chimney 13 may vary without changing the invention.
- the extraction chimney 13 may be positioned opposite the fluid inlet 12.
- a valve 16 is mounted at the extraction chimney 13 and return means 17 of the valve 16 are used to constrain the end 42 of the valve 16 against the rotor 14. More precisely, the end 42 of the valve 16 extends over the entire width of the rotor 14 following the shape of the lobes 15.
- the radial end 18 of each lobe 15 has a shape of at least one chevron and the end 42 of the valve 16 also has a chevron shape intended to match the chevron shape of the radial end 18 of each lobe 15.
- the valve 16 rubs against the lobes 15 of the rotor 14 to force the fluid present in a pumping volume Vp to be moved from the stator volume to the extraction chimney 13.
- the pumping volume Vp is defined by the volume arranged inside the stator volume between two lobes 15 and the internal stator wall 11, as illustrated for example in the figures 1 And 2 .
- a radial end 18 of each lobe 15 rubs against the internal wall of the stator 11 so that the fluids are contained in this pumping volume Vp when none of the lobes is positioned opposite the fluid inlet 12 or the extraction chimney 13.
- each lobe 15 and more particularly illustrated in top view on the figure 7 .
- this shape with a single chevron can be produced with a first circular helix 20 having a left-hand pitch fixed on a second circular helix 21 having a right-hand pitch.
- lobes 15 and a valve 16 having a shape with several chevrons it is also possible to use lobes 15 and a valve 16 having a shape with several chevrons.
- the double chevron shape of a lobe 15 is illustrated in the figure 8 .
- This double chevron shape can be obtained with a first circular helix with a left-hand thread fixed on a second circular helix with a right-hand thread, itself fixed on a third circular helix with a left-hand thread, itself fixed on a fourth circular helix with a right-hand thread.
- the rotor may also comprise flanges 45 arranged on the edges of the lobes 15.
- the shape of the flanges 45 is substantially identical to the shape of the edges of the lobes 15 of the rotor 14.
- flanges 45 are positioned at the longitudinal ends of the cylindrical chamber of the stator 11.
- one of the flanges 45 is movable opposite the fluid inlet 12 and periodically cuts the fluid inlet 12 to define the pumping volume Vp.
- the lobes 15 have a stainless steel core covered with a food-grade elastomer while the flanges 45 are made of stainless steel to effectively cut any solid elements of the harvest when defining the pumping volume Vp.
- FIG 9 illustrates a planar projection of the internal surface of the stator 11 and the friction positions of the radial end 18 of a lobe 15 during its movements in the stator volume.
- the radial end 18 In a first position, at an instant ti, the radial end 18 is arranged opposite the fluid inlet 12. Then, at times ti+1 to ti+3, the radial end 18 is moved against the internal wall of the stator volume. At time ti+4, a small portion of the radial end 18 of the lobe 15 is arranged opposite the extraction chimney 18.
- a small hydraulic communication is initiated between the pumping volume Vp and the extraction chimney 13.
- the contact surface between the pumping volume Vp and the extraction chimney 13 increases so that at state ti+5 the pumping volume Vp is almost completely in hydraulic communication with the extraction chimney 13.
- the return means 17 of the valve 16 can correspond to any known means, such as a spring or even a return system with plastic shims.
- the return means 17 of the valve 16 correspond to magnetic means using the cooperation of several magnets to cause a movement of the valve 16 against the different lobes 15.
- the valve 16 is mounted on a rotation axis 40 and has a connecting portion 41 up to the chevron end 42.
- the axis of the valve 40 is fixed on an axis support 34 integrated in the return means 17, illustrated in exploded view on the figure 10 .
- Covers 31, 32 and 33 are preferably arranged between the different rings to guarantee the integration of the magnets 27, 28 and 30.
- a plug 35 is also attached to the axis 40 after fixing it in the return means 17.
- the supports 25, 26 and 29 as well as the covers 31, 32 and 33 are mounted by removable fixing means, for example screws, thus making it possible to open the return means 17 to modify the magnets 27, 28 and 30 in order to modify the return force applied by these return means 17.
- the invention makes it possible to obtain a progressiveness in the hydraulic communication of the pumping volume Vp with the extraction chimney 13, thus limiting the stresses undergone by the fluids during pumping.
- this pump 10 makes it possible to obtain a pump 10 limiting the noise and stresses experienced by the fluids during pumping.
- this pump 10 is particularly suitable for pumping grape harvest products and protecting the quality of the harvest.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Rotary Pumps (AREA)
- Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)
Claims (10)
- Drehkolbenpumpe (10), umfassend:- einen Stator (11), der eine Innenwand aufweist, welche ein Statorvolumen begrenzt; wobei der Stator (11) einen Fluideingang (12) und einen Absaugkanal (13) aufweist; wobei der Fluideingang (12) und der Absaugkanal (13) in hydraulischer Verbindung mit dem Statorvolumen stehen;- einen Rotor (14), der im Inneren des Statorvolumens eine Drehbewegung ausführen kann, wobei er mindestens zwei Flügel (15) umfasst; wobei jeder Flügel (15) ein radiales Endstück (18-19) umfasst, das dazu bestimmt ist, die Innenwand des Stators (11) derart abzuschaben, dass zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Flügeln (15) ein Pumpvolumen (Vp) erzielt wird, wenn diese zwischen dem Fluideingang (12) und dem Absaugkanal (13) angeordnet sind;- eine Ventilklappe (16), die derart im Bereich des Absaugkanals (13) angeordnet ist, dass sie mit den Flügeln (15) zusammenwirkt, um die Fluids, welche sich in dem Pumpvolumen (Vp) befinden, zwangsläufig in den Absaugkanal (13) zu befördern, wenn sich der Rotor (14) dreht; und- Mittel (17) zum Rückstellen der Ventilklappe (16), die dafür ausgelegt sind, die Ventilklappe (16) gegen die Flügel (15) zu drücken, wenn sich die Flügel (15) im Bereich des Absaugkanals (13) bewegen;dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das radiale Endstück (18-19) jedes der Flügel (15) die Gestalt mindestens eines symmetrisch spitz zulaufenden Elements hat, sodass die hydraulische Verbindung zwischen dem Pumpvolumen (Vp) und dem Absaugkanal (13) fortschreitend hergestellt wird, wobei die Ventilklappe (16) die Gestalt mindestens eines symmetrisch spitz zulaufenden Elements hat, das komplementär zu demjenigen der Flügel (15) ausgebildet ist, wodurch sichergestellt ist, dass die hydraulische Verbindung zwischen dem Pumpvolumen (Vp) and dem Absaugkanal (13) abgedichtet ist.
- Drehkolbenpumpe nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Flügel (15) und die Ventilklappe (16) eine Gestalt mit einem einzigen symmetrisch spitz zulaufenden Element aufweisen, wobei der Rotor (14) eine erste kreisförmige Schraube (20) mit Linksgewinde aufweist, die an einer zweiten kreisförmigen Schraube (21) mit Rechtsgewinde befestigt ist.
- Drehkolbenpumpe nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Flügel (15) und die Ventilklappe (16) eine Gestalt mit zwei symmetrisch spitz zulaufenden Elementen aufweisen, wobei der Rotor (14) eine erste kreisförmige Schraube mit Linksgewinde aufweist, die an einer zweiten kreisförmigen Schraube mit Rechtsgewinde befestigt ist, welche wiederum an einer dritten kreisförmigen Schraube mit Linksgewinde befestigt ist, wobei diese wiederum an einer vierten Schraube mit Rechtsgewinde befestigt ist.
- Drehkolbenpumpe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei der Rotor (14) zwei, drei oder vier Flügel (15) aufweist.
- Drehkolbenpumpe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei der Rotor (14) eine feste Drehachse aufweist.
- Drehkolbenpumpe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei der Rotor (14) eine bewegliche Drehachse aufweist, welche ein Planetengetriebe bildet.
- Drehkolbenpumpe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Rückstellmittel (17) der Ventilklappe (16) magnetischen Mitteln entsprechen.
- Drehkolbenpumpe nach Anspruch 7, wobei die Rückstellmittel (17) der Ventilklappe (16) Folgendes aufweisen:- einen ersten ringförmigen Halter (25) für Magnete (27), wobei der erste Halter (25) gegenüber dem Stator (11) unbeweglich ist; und- einen zweiten ringförmigen Halter (26) für Magnete (28), wobei der zweite Halter (26) gegenüber der Ventilklappe (16) unbeweglich ist;wobei die beiden Halter (25, 26) koaxial mit der Drehachse der Ventilklappe (16) sind und einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind;wobei die Pole der Magnete (27) des ersten Halters (25) sind zu den Polen der Magnete (28) des zweiten Halters (26) derart versetzt sind, dass die Magnetkraft der Magnete (27-28) dahingehend wirkt, dass die Ventilklappe (16) gegen die Flügel (15) gedrückt wird.
- Drehkolbenpumpe nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Rückstellmittel (17) der Ventilklappe (16) darüber hinaus einen dritten ringförmigen Halter (29) für Magnete (30) aufweisen, wobei der dritte Halter (29) zwischen dem ersten Halter (25) und dem zweiten Halter (26) frei drehbar ist, wobei die Pole der Magnete (30) des dritten Halters (29) zwischen den Polen der Magnete (27) des ersten Halters (25) und der Magnete (28) des zweiten Halters (26) derart versetzt angeordnet sind, dass der Rückstellhub der Rückstellmittel (17) erhöht wird.
- Drehkolbenpumpe nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, wobei die Rückstellmittel (17) der Ventilklappe (16) lösbare Mittel zur Befestigung der Halter (25-26, 29) aufweisen, die es ermöglichen, die Rückstellmittel (17) zu öffnen, um die Magnetstärke oder die Anzahl der Magnete (27-28, 30) zu modifizieren, wenn es angestrebt wird, die Rückstellkraft der Rückstellmittel (17) zu modifizieren.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2110301A FR3127530B1 (fr) | 2021-09-30 | 2021-09-30 | pompe volumétrique à lobes |
| PCT/FR2022/051830 WO2023052727A1 (fr) | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-27 | Pompe volumetrique a lobes |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4409139A1 EP4409139A1 (de) | 2024-08-07 |
| EP4409139B1 true EP4409139B1 (de) | 2025-08-13 |
| EP4409139C0 EP4409139C0 (de) | 2025-08-13 |
| EP4409139B8 EP4409139B8 (de) | 2025-09-24 |
Family
ID=78332962
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22797407.8A Active EP4409139B8 (de) | 2021-09-30 | 2022-09-27 | Verdrängerpumpe |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4409139B8 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR3127530B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023052727A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2622935A1 (fr) * | 1987-09-03 | 1989-05-12 | Egretier Jean Michel | Pompe rotative a rotor a section en forme de triangle equilateral |
| FR2645915B1 (fr) * | 1989-04-17 | 1994-05-20 | Egretier Jean Michel | Pompe volumetrique a double rotor-clapet |
| FR3053743B1 (fr) * | 2016-07-05 | 2018-08-17 | Cabernet Dev | Pompe a lobes |
-
2021
- 2021-09-30 FR FR2110301A patent/FR3127530B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-09-27 WO PCT/FR2022/051830 patent/WO2023052727A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-09-27 EP EP22797407.8A patent/EP4409139B8/de active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4409139A1 (de) | 2024-08-07 |
| EP4409139B8 (de) | 2025-09-24 |
| WO2023052727A1 (fr) | 2023-04-06 |
| FR3127530B1 (fr) | 2023-09-08 |
| FR3127530A1 (fr) | 2023-03-31 |
| EP4409139C0 (de) | 2025-08-13 |
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