Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
  • B01D39/083—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of organic material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
  • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
  • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
  • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
  • B01D46/52—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material
  • B01D46/521—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material using folded, pleated material
  • B01D46/525—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material using folded, pleated material which comprises flutes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
  • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
  • B01D2239/0627—Spun-bonded
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
  • B01D2239/1233—Fibre diameter
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
  • B01D2239/1258—Permeability
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D2239/12—Special parameters characterising the filtering material
  • B01D2239/1291—Other parameters

Definitions

• Embodiments herein relate to filter media, filter media packs, and filter elements.
• High efficiency filtration including high efficiency particulate air (HEP A) filtration
• HEPA A high efficiency particulate air
• a filtration media pack has a plurality of layers of single facer media wherein the layers of single facer media include a fluted sheet, a facing sheet, and a plurality of flutes extending between the fluted sheet and the facing sheet.
• the flutes have a flute length extending from a first face of the filtration media pack to a second face of the filtration media pack.
• a first portion of the plurality of flutes is closed to unfiltered fluid (such as air) flowing into the first portion of the plurality of flutes
• a second portion of the plurality of flutes is closed to unfiltered fluid flowing out of the second portion of the plurality of flutes so that fluid passing into one of the first face or the second face of the media pack and out the other of the first face or the second face of the media pack passes through media to provide filtration of the fluid.
• the fluted sheet and facing sheet are formed of multilayer media that can include a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer supported by a polymeric scrim layer.
• the facing sheet is typically not fluted, but in some embodiments the facing sheet is also fluted.
• the polymeric scrim can be, for example, a spunbond material with high uniformity in the media, such as uniformity of fiber diameter (thickness) or fiber distribution.
• the polymeric scrim layer be relatively uniform in terms of surface irregularities (such as peak height of fibers relative to surrounding fibers), in terms of fiber diameter, and in terms of fiber distribution. This relative uniformity allows for improved support of the PTFE layer without undue damage to the PTFE layer, which is typically quite thin and relatively fragile.
• a filtration media pack having (a) a plurality of layers of single facer media wherein the layers of single facer media include a fluted sheet, a facing sheet, and a plurality of flutes extending between the fluted sheet and the facing sheet and having a flute length extending from a first face of the filtration media pack to a second face of the filtration media pack, (b) a first portion of the plurality of flutes being closed to unfiltered fluid flowing into the first portion of the plurality of flutes, and a second portion of the plurality of flutes being closed to unfiltered fluid flowing out of the second portion of the plurality of flutes so that fluid passing into one of the first face or the second face of the media pack and out the other of the first face or the second face of the media pack passes through media to provide filtration of the fluid
• the fluted sheet and facing sheet are formed of multi-layer media can include a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer supported by a polymeric scrim layer, wherein the polymeric
• the polymeric scrim generally has a relatively small deviation in fiber diameter.
• the fiber diameter can be measured, for example, on the face of the scrim that does not have a PTFE layer laminated to it (so opposite the PTFE layer).
• the polymeric scrim has a fiber diameter standard deviation of less than 3 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim has a fiber diameter standard deviation of less than 2.5 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim has a fiber diameter standard deviation of less than 2 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim has a fiber diameter standard deviation of 1 to 3 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim has a fiber diameter standard deviation of 1 to 4 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim has a mean fiber diameter of less than 30 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim has a mean fiber diameter of less than 25 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim has a mean fiber diameter of less than 20 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim has a mean fiber diameter of greater than 10 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim has a mean fiber diameter of greater than 15 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim has a mean fiber diameter of 5 to 30 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim has a mean fiber diameter of 10 to 25 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim has a mean fiber diameter of 15 to 20 ⁇ m.
• Minimum fiber size can vary.
• the polymeric scrim has a minimum fiber diameter of 8 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim has a minimum fiber diameter of 10 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim has a minimum fiber diameter of 12 ⁇ m.
• Maximum fiber size can also be controlled and is generally less than 50 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim has a maximum fiber diameter of 40 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim has a maximum fiber diameter of 35 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim has a maximum fiber diameter of 30 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim has a maximum fiber diameter of 25 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim layer includes polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers.
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• the polymeric scrim can be composed entirely of PET fibers, or can be formed of PET fibers mixed w/ other fibers, or formed entirely of non-PET fibers.
• the polymeric scrim layer has a basis weight of less than 2 ounces per square yard, or optionally the polymeric scrim layer has a basis weight of 1 to 2 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of less than 11 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of less than 10 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of less than 9 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of greater than 5 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of greater than 6 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of greater than 7 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of 5 to 11 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of 6 to 10 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of 7 to 9 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim layer has an air perm of less than 300 cfm/ft 2 . In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has an air perm of less than 250 cfm/ft 2 .
• the polymeric scrim layer has an air perm of greater than 150 cfm/ft 2 . In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has an air perm of greater than 200 cfm/ft 2 . In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has an air perm of greater than 225 cfm/ft 2 . In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has an air perm of 200 to 300 cfm/ft 2 . In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has an air perm of 225 to 275 cfm/ft 2 .
• the polymeric scrim layer has an external maximum peak height, SP, measured between the highest peak and the mean plane, of less than 5 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a mean diameter of 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m and a standard deviation of less than 3 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a mean diameter of 12 ⁇ m to 18 ⁇ m and a standard deviation of less than 2 ⁇ m.
• the multi-layer media has air permeability of greater than 4.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM).
• the filter pack has an efficiency of at least 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a face velocity of 10 feet per minute.
• the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of greater than 900 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5 inches of water.
• the PTFE has a basis weight of 1.5 to 2.5 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a basis weight of less than 3.0 ounces per square yard.
• an filtration media pack as described herein has (a) a plurality of layers of filter media wherein the layers of filter media include a folded sheet and a facing sheet with spaces between the layers, (b) a first portion of the spaces between the layers of filter media being closed to unfiltered fluid flowing into the first portion of the spaces between the layers, and a second portion of the spaces between the layers being closed to unfiltered fluid flowing out of the second portion of the spaces between the layers, so that fluid passing into one face of the media pack and out another face of the media pack passes through media to provide filtration of the fluid, and (c) wherein the folded sheets include first peaks and second peaks, and at least a portion of the folded sheets have a crease aligned so that it approaches toward a first peak and away from a second peak, wherein the fluted sheet and facing sheet are formed of multi-layer media that includes a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer supported by a polymeric scrim layer.
• PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
• the polymeric scrim has a fiber diameter standard deviation of less than 4 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim has a fiber diameter standard deviation of less than 3 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim has a fiber diameter standard deviation of less than 2.5 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim has a fiber diameter standard deviation of less than 2 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim has a fiber diameter standard deviation of 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim has a fiber diameter standard deviation of 1 ⁇ m to 4 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim layer has an external maximum peak height Sp, measured between the highest peak and the mean plane, of less than 80 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has an external maximum peak height SP, measured between the highest peak and the mean plane, of less than 60 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has an external maximum peak height Sp, measured between the highest peak and the mean plane, of less than 50 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has an external maximum peak height Sp, measured between the highest peak and the mean plane, of less than 40 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has an external maximum peak height Sp, measured between the highest peak and the mean plane, of less than 30 ⁇ m. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has an external maximum peak height Sp, measured between the highest peak and the mean plane, of less than 20 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim layer has an external root mean square height Sq, of less than 100 ⁇ m according to the formula:
• the polymeric scrim layer has an external root mean square height Sq, of less than 75 ⁇ m; of less than 50 ⁇ m; of less than 40 ⁇ m; of less than 35 ⁇ m; or less than 20 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim layer has an external arithmetical mean height Sa of less than 100 ⁇ m according to the following formula:
• the polymeric scrim layer has an external arithmetical mean height Sa of less than 75 ⁇ m; the polymeric scrim layer has an external arithmetical mean height Sa of less than 60 ⁇ m; the polymeric scrim layer has an external arithmetical mean height Sa of less than 50 ⁇ m; the polymeric scrim layer has an external arithmetical mean height Sa of less than 40 ⁇ m; the polymeric scrim layer has an external arithmetical mean height Sa of less than 30 ⁇ m; or the polymeric scrim layer has an external arithmetical mean height Sa of less than 20 ⁇ m;
• the fibers of the polymeric scrim layer is typically desirable to have the fibers of the polymeric scrim layer be relatively uniformly distributed.
• the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of distribution of measured variance from the mean density of -1.0 to -0.25 as measured by the following formula: according to “Nonwoven Uniformity - Measurements using Image Analysis by Rajev Chhabra, 50 INJ Spring 2003, incorporated herein by reference.
• the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of distribution of -1 to -0.5. In embodiments the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of distribution of more than -1.5; alternatively, the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of distribution of more than -2.0; alternatively, the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of distribution of greater than - 3.0. In embodiments, the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of contact points of less than 2.0, of less than 1.5, of less than 1.0, or less than 1.0. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of contact points of 0.5 to 2.5.
• the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of contact points 1.0 to 2.0. Uniformity of Contact Points can be measured in accordance with MEASUREMENT OF THE UNIFORMITY OF THERMALLY BONDED POINTS IN POLYPROPYLENE SPUNBONDED NON-WOVENS USING IMAGE PROCESSING AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THEIRTENSILE PROPERTIES by Mina Emadi et al., AUTEX Research Journal, Vol. 18, No. 4, December 2018 (incorporated herein by reference).
• the multi-layer media has air permeability of 2.0 to 3.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM); in an embodiment, the multi-layer media has air permeability of 1.5 to 4.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM); in an embodiment, the multilayer media has air permeability of 1.0 to 5.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM); in an embodiment, the multi-layer media has air permeability of 0.5 to 6.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM); in an embodiment, the multi-layer media has air permeability of greater than 2.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM); in an embodiment, the multi-layer media has air permeability of greater than 2.5 cubic feet per minute (CFM), in an embodiment, the multi-layer media has air permeability of greater than 3.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM); in an embodiment, the multi-layer media has air permeability of greater than 4.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM); and in an embodiment, the multi-layer media has air permeability of greater than 5.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM).
• CFM cubic feet per minute
• the multi-layer media
• the filter pack has efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a flow rate of 1200 cfm through the media pack. In an embodiment, the filter pack has an efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a flow rate of 800 cfm through the media pack. In an embodiment, the filter pack has an efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a flow rate of 1600 cfm through the media pack. In an embodiment, the filter pack has an efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a flow rate of 2400 cfm through the media pack. In an embodiment, the filter pack has an efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a flow rate of 3000 cfm through the media pack.
• the filter pack has an efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a face velocity of 5 to 25 feet per minute. In an embodiment, the filter pack has an efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a face velocity of 5 feet per minute. In an embodiment, the filter pack has an efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a face velocity of 10 feet per minute. In an embodiment, the filter pack has an efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a face velocity of 15 feet per minute. In an embodiment, the filter pack has an efficiency of 99.97 percent of 3 ⁇ m particles at a face velocity of 20 feet per minute.
• the filter pack has an efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a face velocity of 25 feet per minute. In an embodiment, the filter pack has an efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a face velocity of 30 feet per minute.
• the multi-layer media has a thickness of 6 to 9 mils. In an embodiment, the multi-layer media has a thickness of 5 to 10 mils. In an embodiment, the multi-layer media has a thickness of 4 to 11 mils. In an embodiment, the multi-layer media has a thickness of 3 to 15 mils. In an embodiment, the multi-layer media has a thickness of less than 22 mils; less than 15 mils, less than 12 mils, less than 9 mils, less than 7 mils, less than 6 mils, or less than 5 mils.
• the multi-layer media has a bubble point of 6 to 10 psi. In an embodiment, the multi-layer media has a bubble point of 5 to 11 psi. In an embodiment, the multi-layer media has a bubble point of 4 to 12 psi.
• the PTFE includes expanded PTFE (ePTFE).
• the PTFE has an average pore size of 1.0 to 5.0 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim includes spunbond fibers.
• the spunbond fibers include polyester fibers.
• the fibers are substantially uniformly distributed.
• the polymeric scrim layer has a basis weight of 0.5 to 1.0 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a basis weight of 0.6 to 0.9 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a basis weight of greater than 0.5 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a basis weight of less than 1.5 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a basis weight of less than 2.0 ounces per square yard.
• the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of 6 mils. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of 4 to 8 mils. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of 3 to 10 mils. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of less than 12 mils. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of less than 14 mils. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of less than 16 mils.
• the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of 800 to 900 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5 inches of water. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of 700 to 1,000 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5 inches of water. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of 600 to 1,100 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5 inches of water. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of 550 to 1,050 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5 inches of water.
• the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of 500 to 1.500 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5 inches of water. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of greater than 500 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5 inches of water. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of greater than 700 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5 inches of water. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of greater than 900 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5 inches of water.
• the fibers are substantially uniformly distributed such that the standard deviation of fiber spacing is from 0.5 to 1.0. In an embodiment, the fibers are substantially uniformly distributed such that the standard deviation of fiber spacing is from 0.6 to 0.9. In an embodiment, the fibers are substantially uniformly distributed such that the standard deviation of fiber spacing is from 0.7 to 0.8. In an embodiment, the fibers are substantially uniformly distributed such that the standard deviation of fiber spacing is from 0.25 to 1.0.
• the filter media can further include an additional layer between the PTFE layer and polymeric scrim layer.
• the additional layer includes polypropylene or polyethylene.
• the polymeric scrim layer further includes cellulose.
• the PTFE has a thickness of 6 to 10 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of 4 to 12 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of 7 to 9 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of 2 to 14 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of 5 to 10 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of greater than 4 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of greater than 5 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of greater than 6 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of greater than 7 mils.
• the PTFE has a thickness of less than 9 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of less than 10 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of less than 12 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of less than 15 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of less than 20 mils.
• the PTFE has an air perm of 200 to 300 cfm/ft 2 . In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of 150 to 350 cfm/ft 2 . In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of 100 to 400 cfm/ft 2 . In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of 500 to 500 cfm/ft 2 . In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of greater than 100 cfm/ft 2 .
• the PTFE has an air perm of greater than 125 cfm/ft 2 . In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of greater than 150 cfm/ft 2 . In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of greater than 200 cfm/ft 2 . In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of greater than 225 cfm/ft 2 .
• the PTFE has an air perm of less than 275 cfm/ft 2 ; an air perm of less than 300 cfm/ft 2 ; an air perm of less than 350 cfm/ft 2 ; an air perm of less than 400 cfm/ft 2 ; an air perm of less than 500 cfm/ft 2 ; or an air perm of less than 1000 cfm/ft 2 .
• the PTFE has a Mullen burst of 25 to 75 psi; alternatively, in some embodiments the PTFE has a Mullen burst of 10 to 90 psi; a Mullen burst of 10 to 100 psi; a Mullen burst of less than 125 psi; a Mullen burst of less than 150 psi; or a Mullen burst of less than 200 psi.
• the PTFE has a strip tensile strength (MD/CD, kg/5cm) of 60/48. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a strip tensile strength (MD/CD, kg/5cm) of 40 to 80/40 to 60; alternatively, in an embodiment, the PTFE has a strip tensile strength (MD/CD, kg/5cm) of 30 to 90/30 to 70; and alternatively, in an embodiment the PTFE has a strip tensile strength (MD/CD, kg/5cm) of 20 to 100/20 to 80.
• the PTFE has a basis weight of 1.0 to 3.0 ounces per square yard; alternatively, in an embodiment, the PTFE has a basis weight of 1.5 to 2.5 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a basis weight of 0.5 to 3.0 ounces per square yard; alternatively, the PTFE has a basis weight of greater than 0.5 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a basis weight of greater than 1.0 ounces per square yard; of greater than 1.5 ounces per square yard; of less than 3.0 ounces per square yard; of less than 4.0 ounces per square yard; or less than 5.0 ounces per square yard.
• FIG. l is a perspective view of piece of single-facer z-flow media made in accordance with various embodiments herein.
• FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of a portion of single-facer z-flow media made in accordance with various embodiments herein.
• FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two-layer media construction made in accordance with various embodiments herein.
• FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of three-layer media in accordance with various embodiments herein.
• FIG. 5 is a perspective view of filter element in accordance with various embodiments herein.
• FIG. 6 is a front view of the filter element of FIG. 5 in accordance with various embodiments herein.
• FIG. 7 is a chart showing relative performance between z-flow media containing an ePTFE layer and pleated HEPA media.
• FIG. 8 is an illustration of a close-up of stylized filter media showing fibers of multiple diameters.
• FIG. 9 is the illustration of Figure 8, showing three specific regions A, B, and C for closeup views in FIG. 10, 11, and 12, respectively.
• FIG. 10 is a closeup of region A from FIG. 9.
• FIG. 11 is a closeup of region B from FIG. 9.
• FIG. 12 is a closeup of region C from FIG. 9.
• FIG. 13 is an illustration of a close-up of stylized filter media showing fibers of substantially unform diameters, also showing specific region A.
• FIG. 14 is a closeup of region A from FIG. 13.
• FIG. 15 is an illustration of a close-up of stylized filter media showing fibers of substantially unform diameters, also showing specific region A.
• FIG. 16 is a closeup of region A from FIG. 15.
• FIG. 17 is an illustration of a close-up of stylized filter media.
• FIG. 18 is an illustration of a closeup side-cross sectional view of a polymeric scrim, showing aspects of the maximum and minimum heights of the top surface.
• FIG. 19 is a closeup of Detail 19 from FIG. 18.
• FIG. 20 is an illustration showing heights of a PTFE top surface.
• FIG. 21 is a closeup of Detail 21 from FIG. 20.
• FIG. 22 is a scanning electron micrograph of the inner surface of a spunbound material made in accordance with an example embodiment herein.
• FIG. 23 is a scanning electron micrograph of the inner surface of a spunbound material made in accordance with a comparative example.
• FIG. 24 is a scanning electron micrograph of the inner surface of a spunbound material made in accordance with an example embodiment herein.
• FIG. 25 is a scanning electron micrograph of the inner surface of a spunbound material made in accordance with a comparative example.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of piece of single facer z-flow media 110 made in accordance with various embodiments herein.
• the single facer z-flow media 110 includes a fluted sheet 112 along with a facer sheet 114.
• the fluted sheet 112 includes a plurality of flutes 113 extending from one end of the single facer sheet to the other.
• a glue bead 116 or other obstruction is located on an end of the single facer z-flow media 110 and obstructs the flow of gases such that they have to enter specific flutes.
• An arrowl 18 showing unfiltered air enters the flutes of the single facer z-flow media 110 and then passes through the flutes (such as at arrow 120) and travels along the outside of the flute as shown at arrow 122.
• FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of a portion of single facer z-flow media 110 made in accordance with various embodiments herein.
• the single facer z-flow media 110 includes the fluted sheet 112 and facer sheet 114, along with a flute 113.
• the fluted sheet 112 includes an interior surface 226, and the facer sheet 114 includes an interior surface 224.
• These interior surfaces 224 and 226 typically include an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer secured to a support scrim.
• the interior surface 224 and interior surface 226 are generally on the upstream side of the singer facer media (thus are on the side receiving unfiltered air).
• FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a two-layer media construction 330 made in accordance with various embodiments herein.
• the two-layer media construction 330 includes a support scrim 334 and an ePTFE layer 332.
• the surface 338 of the ePTFE layer typically forms the interior of a flute receiving unfiltered air; while a surface 336 of the support scrim 334 is positioned on the downstream side of the filter. It will be appreciated that typically the same media is used for both the fluted sheet and the facer sheet (see FIG. 1 and FIG. 2)
• FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a three-layer media 440 in accordance with various embodiments herein.
• a support scrim 444 and ePTFE layer 442 are secured to one another by an additional layer 450, such as a polypropylene or polyethylene layer.
• FIG. 5 is a perspective view of filter element 550 in accordance with various embodiments herein, the filter element 550 containing a filter media pack.
• the filter element 550 includes a top 552, a bottom 554, a first side 556, and a second side 558.
• the filter element 550 further includes a front 560 and a back 562.
• the front 560 includes an exposed surface 564 of the front of the z-flow media, which continues through the filter element 550 to the back 562.
• FIG. 6 is a front view of the filter element 550 of FIG. 5 in accordance with various embodiments herein.
• FIG. 7 is a chart showing relative performance between media containing an ePTFE layer and not containing an ePTFE layer.
• FIG. 5 shows how HEPA z-flow media has a longer life than an example pleated media.
• FIG. 8 is an illustration (not a photograph) of a close-up of stylized filter media 810 showing fibers of multiple diameters for the polymeric scrim support material.
• there thin fibers 820, medium fibers 830 and thick fibers 840 are desirable to have fibers that are relatively uniform in size. The uniformity of size allows for better support of the PTFE layer, preserving integrity of the PTFE layer and avoiding degradation of the PTFE layer.
• the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a mean diameter of 10 to 20 p and a standard deviation of less than 3 p; alternatively, the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a mean diameter of 5 to 25 p and a standard deviation of less than 4 p; alternatively, the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a mean diameter of 12 to 18 p and a standard deviation of less than 2 ⁇ m. Alternatively, the polymeric scrim layer has fibers have a standard deviation of less than 5 ⁇ m, less than 4 ⁇ m, less than 3 p, or less than 2 ⁇ m.
• FIG. 9 is the illustration of Figure 8, showing three specific regions A, B, and C for closeup views in FIG. 10, 11, and 12, respectively.
• FIG. 9 specifically shows media 810 with the three regions A, B, and C superimposed on the filter media 810.
• media 810 is polymeric scrim media.
• Measurement of fiber diameter can be undertaken by selecting a region, such as region A, region B, or region C, and then measuring the number of fibers in that region and the diameter of each fiber to obtain a mean fiber diameter, and also allow for other statistical measures, such as median fiber diameter, mode fiber diameter, standard deviations, etc.
• the size of the regions used for these measures can be adjusted, but in general should be big enough to allow for a statistically meaningful sample size.
• at least 20 fibers should be shown in a measurement region, more typically at least 30 fibers, at least 40 fibers, or at least 50 fibers. It is possible to also use higher sample sizes, such as 50 to 500 fibers, 50 to 250 fibers, or 50 to 100 fibers.
• FIG. 10 is a closeup of region A from FIG. 9, showing small fibers 1020, medium fibers 1030, and large fibers 1040.
• FIG. 11 is a closeup of region B from FIG. 9, showing small fibers 1120, medium fibers 1130, and large fibers 1140.
• each of the fibers have been labeled, with four small fibers 1120; six medium fibers 1130; and one large fiber 1140.
• a fiber that appears anywhere in the region is counted. If a fiber is continuous, but leaves the measurement region and reenters it, can be counted as two fibers. In this example, assuming the small fibers 1120 are 10 ⁇ m, the medium fibers 1130 are 20 ⁇ m, and the large fibers 1140 are 30 ⁇ m, the average diameter would be 17.3 ⁇ m.
• FIG. 12 is a closeup of region C from FIG. 9, showing small fibers 1220; medium fibers 1230, and large fibers 1240.
• FIG. 13 is an illustration of a close-up of stylized filter media 1320 showing fibers of substantially unform diameters, also showing specific region A.
• FIG. 14 is a closeup of region A.
• the uniformity of size of the fibers is desirable in certain embodiments since uniform fiber sizes can result in improved support of the PTFE layer.
• FIG. 15 is an illustration of a close-up of stylized filter media 1510 showing small fibers 1520 of substantially unform diameters, also showing specific region A.
• FIG. 16 is a closeup of region A from FIG. 15. Closeup region A also shows a contact point 1625, where two fibers cross with one another and make contact.
• the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of contact points of less than 2.0 of less than 1.5, of less than 1.0, or less than 1.0.
• the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of contact points 0.5 to 2.5.
• the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of contact points 1.0 to 2.0.
• FIG. 17 is an illustration of a close-up of filter media 1710, showing example first region 1770 and second region 1780.
• First region 1770 has significantly more uniform distribution of polymeric scrim fibers than second region 1780, and this more uniform distribution is desired.
• the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of distribution of measured as variance from the mean density of -1.0 to -0.25 as measured by the following formula:
• the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of distribution of -1 to -0.5. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of distribution of greater than -1.5; in an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of distribution of greater than - 2.0; in an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of distribution of greater than -3.0; and in an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has fibers having a uniformity of contact points of less than 3.0.
• FIG. 18 is an illustration of a closeup side-cross sectional view of a polymeric scrim 1810, showing aspects of the maximum and minimum heights of the top surface 1812.
• FIG. 19 is a closeup of Detail 19 from FIG. 18, showing the minimum height 1925 of the top surface, as well as the maximum height 1935 of the top surface.
• An example mean height is also shown.
• the polymeric scrim layer has an external maximum peak height Sp, measured between the highest peak and the mean plane, of than 5 p - 100 p; alternatively, in an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has an external maximum peak height Sp, measured between the highest peak and the mean plane, of greater than 5p.
• the polymeric scrim layer has an external maximum peak height SP, measured between the highest peak and the mean plane, of less than lOOp. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has an external maximum peak height SP, measured between the highest peak and the mean plane, of less than 80p. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has an external maximum peak height Sp, measured between the highest peak and the mean plane, of less than 60p. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has an external maximum peak height Sp, measured between the highest peak and the mean plane, of less than 50p. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has an external maximum peak height Sp, measured between the highest peak and the mean plane, of less than 40p.
• the polymeric scrim layer has an external maximum peak height Sp, measured between the highest peak and the mean plane, of less than 30p. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has an external maximum peak height Sp, measured between the highest peak and the mean plane, of less than 20p.
• the polymeric scrim layer has an external root mean square height Sq, of less than 100g according to the formula:
• the polymeric scrim layer has an external root mean square height Sq, of less than 75p; of less than 50p; of less than 40p; of less than 35p; or of less than 20p.
• the polymeric scrim layer has an external arithmetical mean height Sa of less than 100g according to the following formula:
• the polymeric scrim layer has an external arithmetical mean height Sa of less than 75p; the polymeric scrim layer has an external arithmetical mean height Sa of less than 60p; the polymeric scrim layer has an external arithmetical mean height Sa of less than 50p; the polymeric scrim layer has an external arithmetical mean height Sa of less than 40p; the polymeric scrim layer has an external arithmetical mean height Sa of less than 30p; or the polymeric scrim layer has an external arithmetical mean height Sa of less than 20p.
• FIG. 20 is an illustration showing heights of a PTFE top surface 2060
• FIG. 21 is a closeup of Detail 21 from FIG. 20. The max peak is shown, along with minimum valley, and a mean value.
• FIG. 22 is a scanning electron micrograph of the inner surface of a first spunbound material made in accordance with an example embodiment herein.
• FIG. 23 is a scanning electron micrograph of the inner surface of a second spunbound material made in accordance with a comparative example.
• FIG. 24 is a scanning electron micrograph of the inner surface of the first spunbound material made in accordance with an example embodiment herein.
• FIG. 25 is a scanning electron micrograph of the inner surface of the second spunbound material made in accordance with a comparative example.
• a filtration media pack having (a) a plurality of layers of single facer media wherein the layers of single facer media include a fluted sheet, a facing sheet, and a plurality of flutes extending between the fluted sheet and the facing sheet and having a flute length extending from a first face of the filtration media pack to a second face of the filtration media pack, (b) a first portion of the plurality of flutes being closed to unfiltered fluid flowing into the first portion of the plurality of flutes, and a second portion of the plurality of flutes being closed to unfiltered fluid flowing out of the second portion of the plurality of flutes so that fluid passing into one of the first face or the second face of the media pack and out the other of the first face or the second face of the media pack passes through media to provide filtration of the fluid, wherein the fluted sheet and facing sheet formed of multi-layer media can include a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer supported by a polymeric scrim layer.
• PTFE polytetrafluor
• the multi-layer media has air permeability of 2.0 to 3.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM). In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has air permeability of 1.5 to 4.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM). In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has air permeability of 1.0 to 5.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM). In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has air permeability of 0.5 to 6.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM). In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has air permeability of greater than 2.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM). In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has air permeability of greater than 2.5 cubic feet per minute (CFM).
• CFM cubic feet per minute
• the multi-layer media has air permeability of greater than 3.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM). In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has air permeability of greater than 4.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM). In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has air permeability of greater than 5.0 cubic feet per minute (CFM).
• the filter pack has efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a flow rate of 1200 cfm through the media pack. In an embodiment, the filter pack has efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a flow rate of 800 cfm through the media pack. In an embodiment, the filter pack has efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a flow rate of 1600 cfm through the media pack. In an embodiment, the filter pack has efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a flow rate of 2400 cfm through the media pack. In an embodiment, wherein the filter pack has efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a flow rate of 3000 cfm through the media pack.
• the filter pack has efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a face velocity of 5 to 25 feet per minute. In an embodiment, the filter pack has efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a face velocity of 5 feet per minute. In an embodiment, wherein the filter pack has efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a face velocity of 10 feet per minute. In an embodiment, wherein the filter pack has efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a face velocity of 15 feet per minute. In an embodiment, wherein the filter pack has efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a face velocity of 20 feet per minute. In an embodiment, wherein the filter pack has efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a face velocity of 25 feet per minute.
• the filter pack has efficiency of 99.97 percent of 0.3 ⁇ m particles at a face velocity of 30 feet per minute.
• the multi-layer media has a thickness of 6 to 9 mils. In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has a thickness of 5 to 10 mils. In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has a thickness of 4 to 11 mils. In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has a thickness of 3 to 15 mils. In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has a thickness of less than 20 mils. In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has a thickness of less than 20 mils. In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has a thickness of less than 15 mils.
• the multi-layer media has a thickness of less than 12 mils. In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has a thickness of less than 9 mils. In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has a thickness of less than 7 mils. In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has a thickness of less than 6 mils. In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has a thickness of less than 5 mils. In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has a bubble point of 6 to 10 psi. In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has a bubble point of 5 to 11 psi. In an embodiment, wherein the multi-layer media has a bubble point of 4 to 12 psi.
• the PTFE includes expanded PTFE (ePTFE).
• the PTFE has an average pore size of 1.0 to 5.0 ⁇ m.
• the polymeric scrim includes spunbond fibers.
• the spunbond fibers include polyester fibers.
• the fibers are substantially uniformly distributed.
• the polymeric scrim layer has a basis weight of 0.5 to 1.0 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a basis weight of 0.6 to 0.9 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a basis weight of greater than 0.5 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a basis weight of less than 1.5 ounces per square yard.
• the polymeric scrim layer has a basis weight of less than 2.0 ounces per square yard.
• the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of 6 mils.
• the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of 4 to 8 mils. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of 3 to 10 mils. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of less than 12 mils. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of less than 14 mils. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a thickness of less than 16 mils.
• the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of 800 to 900 cfm/ft2 at 0.5 inches of water. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of 700 to 1,000 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5 inches of water. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of 600 to 1,100 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5 inches of water. In an embodiment, the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of 550 to 1,050 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5 inches of water.
• the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of 500 to 1.500 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5 inches of water. In an embodiment, wherein the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of greater than 500 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5 inches of water. In an embodiment, wherein the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of greater than 700 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5 inches of water. In an embodiment, wherein the polymeric scrim layer has a Frazier air permeability of greater than 900 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5 inches of water.
• the fibers are substantially uniformly distributed such that the standard deviation of fiber spacing is from 0.5 to 1.0. In an embodiment, the fibers are substantially uniformly distributed such that the standard deviation of fiber spacing is from 0.6 to 0.9. In an embodiment, the fibers are substantially uniformly distributed such that the standard deviation of fiber spacing is from 0.7 to 0.8. In an embodiment, the fibers are substantially uniformly distributed such that the standard deviation of fiber spacing is from 0.5 to 1.0. In an embodiment, further can include an additional layer between the PTFE layer and polymeric scrim layer. In an embodiment, the additional layer includes polypropylene or polyethylene.
• the polymeric scrim layer further includes cellulose.
• the PTFE has a thickness of 6 to 10 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of 4 to 12 mills. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of 7 to 9 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of 2 to 14 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of 6 to 10 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of greater than 4 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of greater than 5 mils.
• the PTFE has a thickness of greater than 6 mils. In an embodiment, wherein the PTFE has a thickness of greater than 7 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of less than 9 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of less than 10 mils.
• the PTFE has a thickness of less than 12 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of less than 15 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a thickness of less than 20 mils. In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of 200 to 300 cfm/ft2. In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of 150 to 350 cfm/ft2. In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of 100 to 400 cfm/ft2. In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of 500 to 500 cfm/ft2. In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of greater than 100 cfm/ft2.
• the PTFE has an air perm of greater than 125 cfm/ft2. In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of greater than 150 cfm/ft2. In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of greater than 200 cfm/ft2. In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of greater than 225 cfm/ft2. In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of less than 275 cfm/ft2. In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of less than 300 cfm/ft2. In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of less than 350 cfm/ft2.
• the PTFE has an air perm of less than 400 cfm/ft2. In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of less than 500 cfm/ft2. In an embodiment, the PTFE has an air perm of less than 1000 cfm/ft2. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a Mullen burst of 25 to 75 psi. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a Mullen burst of 10 to 90 psi. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a Mullen burst of 10 to 100 psi. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a Mullen burst of less than 125 psi.
• the PTFE has a Mullen burst of less than 150 psi. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a Mullen burst of less than 200 psi. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a strip tensile strength (MD/CD, kg/5cm) of 60/48.
• the PTFE has a strip tensile strength (MD/CD, kg/5cm) of 40 to 80/40 to 60. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a strip tensile strength (MD/CD, kg/5cm) of 30 to 90/30 to 70. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a strip tensile strength (MD/CD, kg/5cm) of 20 to 100/20 to 80.
• the PTFE has a basis weight of 1.0 to 3.0 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a basis weight of 1.5 to 2.5 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a basis weight of 0.5 to 3.0 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a basis weight of greater than 0.5 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a basis weight of greater than 1.0 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a basis weight of greater than 1.5 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a basis weight of less than 3.0 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a basis weight of less than 4.0 ounces per square yard. In an embodiment, the PTFE has a basis weight of less than 5.0 ounces per square yard.
• Example media was produced using two different spunbond materials.
• the first media produced filter elements with HEPA performance, while the second media produced filter elements with non-HEPA performance.
• the first media is an example of media made in accordance with HEPA properties, while the second media is a comparative example of media that does not demonstrate HEPA properties.
• the PTFE used in the examples had a basis weight of 0.054 oz/yd 2 and a perm of 3.0 CFM.
• the substrate material had properties as provided below in Table 1. Fiber sizing was analyzed using SEM images and Scandium® software program. A minimum of 30 measurements over a minimum of 5 different areas were averaged for results. For SEM, the samples were mounted on aluminum stubs, sputter coated with 60:40 Au:Pd, and imaged on the JSM-7100F.
• a filtration media pack comprising:
• a plurality of layers of single facer media wherein the layers of single facer media comprise a fluted sheet, a facing sheet, and a plurality of flutes extending between the fluted sheet and the facing sheet and having a flute length extending from a first face of the filtration media pack to a second face of the filtration media pack;
• CFM cubic feet per minute
• CFM cubic feet per minute
• ePTFE expanded PTFE
• filtration media pack of any of embodiments 1-130 and 132-154, wherein the PTFE has an air perm of less than 300 cfm/ft 2 .
• filtration media pack of any of embodiments 1-144 and 146-154, wherein the PTFE has a strip tensile strength (MD/CD, kg/5cm) of 20 to 100/20 to 80.
• filtration media pack of any of embodiments 1-150 and 152-154, wherein the PTFE has a basis weight of greater than 1.5 ounces per square yard.
• the phrase “configured” describes a system, apparatus, or other structure that is constructed or configured to perform a particular task or adopt a particular configuration.
• the phrase “configured” can be used interchangeably with other similar phrases such as arranged and configured, constructed and arranged, constructed, manufactured and arranged, and the like.

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• 2022
  • 2022-09-22 EP EP22790126.1A patent/EP4405079A1/de active Pending
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