EP4399990A2 - Embout de pointe et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Embout de pointe et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4399990A2
EP4399990A2 EP23206958.3A EP23206958A EP4399990A2 EP 4399990 A2 EP4399990 A2 EP 4399990A2 EP 23206958 A EP23206958 A EP 23206958A EP 4399990 A2 EP4399990 A2 EP 4399990A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cap
toe cap
areas
simulated
characteristic parameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23206958.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4399990A3 (fr
Inventor
Lukas Ehring
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Strauss Ip & Co Kg GmbH
Original Assignee
Engelbert Strauss & Co Kg GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Engelbert Strauss & Co Kg GmbH filed Critical Engelbert Strauss & Co Kg GmbH
Publication of EP4399990A2 publication Critical patent/EP4399990A2/fr
Publication of EP4399990A3 publication Critical patent/EP4399990A3/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/08—Heel stiffeners; Toe stiffeners
    • A43B23/081—Toe stiffeners
    • A43B23/082—Toe stiffeners made of metal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B17/00—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined
    • A43B17/16—Insoles for insertion, e.g. footbeds or inlays, for attachment to the shoe after the upper has been joined with heel or toe caps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/08—Heel stiffeners; Toe stiffeners
    • A43B23/081—Toe stiffeners
    • A43B23/086—Toe stiffeners made of impregnated fabrics, plastics or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43D—MACHINES, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT OR METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING OR REPAIRING FOOTWEAR
    • A43D11/00—Machines for preliminary treatment or assembling of upper-parts, counters, or insoles on their lasts preparatory to the pulling-over or lasting operations; Applying or removing protective coverings
    • A43D11/12—Machines for forming the toe part or heel part of shoes, with or without use of heat
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43D—MACHINES, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT OR METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING OR REPAIRING FOOTWEAR
    • A43D2200/00—Machines or methods characterised by special features
    • A43D2200/60—Computer aided manufacture of footwear, e.g. CAD or CAM

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a toe cap and to a toe cap.
  • Toe caps also known as toe protection caps, are available in a variety of versions and are mainly made of metal.
  • An example is a toe cap in the EP 1 066 786 A1 which can be made of metal or carbon fiber reinforced plastic and has a large number of holes that vary in size and arrangement.
  • Toe caps are described that have openings that are characterized by a honeycomb structure.
  • Other geometries of openings in the form of e.g. slots or triangles are the US 2008/0115387 A1 or the US 2011/0185602 A1 refer to.
  • Corresponding toe caps can be manufactured using metal injection molding (MIM) processes ( US 2011/0185602 A1 In the injection molding process, after the WO 2014/007818 A1 a toe cap is produced which has reinforcement structures on the inside.
  • MIM metal injection molding
  • the EP 3 257 391 A1 relates to a non-metallic protective cap comprising an inner and an outer plate separated by partitions to form cells into which an elastomer or thermoplastic material is injected.
  • toe caps especially those made of metal, have disadvantages in terms of weight, regardless of the recesses that are present, so that a shoe with a corresponding toe cap cannot offer the user the desired comfort. Ventilation to the required extent is also often not provided.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing a protective cap and a method for producing such a cap, which is optimized in particular with regard to its weight, while at the same time meeting the necessary safety requirements, in particular the relevant standards. Adequate air flow should be possible.
  • the finite element method is used as the simulation method.
  • the virtual cap is divided into finite elements of a size such that the value of a first simulated characteristic parameter corresponding to the specified characteristic parameter corresponds to the specified characteristic parameter of the master cap or lies within a specified tolerance range of this.
  • the master cap used is generally one that is provided by means of computer-aided design (CAD) and that has the specified characteristic parameter, in particular the minimum residual height under the toe cap when subjected to impact and pressure, as specified, for example, by DIN ISO 22568-1:2020-01.
  • CAD computer-aided design
  • Another characteristic parameter can also be used as a basis.
  • a digital master cap is preferably available on the basis of whose data the simulation is carried out, a real cap can of course also be used, from which CAD data is then made available.
  • a master cap can be used in particular if it is a closed body, i.e. a cap without openings, with the wall thickness being the same at least in the front wall area and in the cover wall covering the toes on the top. The same should apply to the lower edge which is rolled inwards.
  • the characteristic parameter of the master cap corresponds to the characteristic parameter that a real cap must have, such as the minimum residual height under the toe cap when subjected to impact and pressure.
  • a virtual cap is simulated, in particular using the finite element method.
  • the simulated cap has an external geometry that corresponds to the master cap, which in turn corresponds to the external geometry of a real toe cap to be manufactured.
  • the virtual cap has an envelope geometry that corresponds to that of the master cap, which is in particular a closed body.
  • the master cap can have a closed surface, i.e. be a closed body whose wall thickness can remain unchanged across the body.
  • the material parameters also match.
  • a simulation is carried out in such a way that at least one characteristic parameter characterizing the master cap, in particular the minimum residual height required by DIN EN ISO 22568-1:2020-01 when subjected to impact and pressure tested according to this standard, is the same or approximately the same in the simulated cap, i.e. is within a specified tolerance or value range.
  • the minimum residual height is the height that is perpendicular to the contact surface below the protective cap, which must not be less than 21 mm for a metal toe cap of size 8 for protective shoes (see section 4 of DIN EN ISO 22568-1:2020-01).
  • the simulated cap is divided into sub-areas, i.e. in the case of the finite element method into the finite elements, to such an extent that the corresponding simulated characteristic parameter corresponds to the value of the characteristic parameter of the master cap. corresponds or corresponds approximately. Approximately means that specified tolerance ranges must be adhered to.
  • the structure is changed in order to achieve optimization with regard to, for example, weight or ventilation, whereby defined characteristic parameters must correspond to value-based specifications, in particular standards.
  • the change structure is carried out automatically taking into account the specified parameters such as weight or area, where area can be the closed area or the area of the simulated cap, which is to be changed by openings or material changes compared to the virtual initial cap (step 2).
  • the value of the specified characteristic quantity is recalculated for the virtual cap with a changed topology. If the values are outside a specified range, i.e. a specified tolerance, the structure is changed again, from which the value of the simulated characteristic quantity is also calculated and then compared with the corresponding characteristic quantity of the master cap or the original virtual cap. If the values are outside a specified range, the structure is changed again in order to then calculate the simulated characteristic quantity.
  • a process in this regard which can be referred to as an iteration process, can be continued until the simulated characteristic quantity lies within the specified value range after the last change, in order to then produce real toe caps on the basis of the virtual cap constructed in this way.
  • the user specifies the desired changes in order to then change the remaining topology of the virtual cap through simulation in such a way that the desired structure is achieved while at the same time fulfilling the characteristic parameters.
  • the structure is changed by changing the mass or surface of the virtual model.
  • the surface of the model means that the arrangement and/or formation of through holes and/or surface enlargements are carried out by removing material or thickening material. These measures can be carried out alternatively or at least partially cumulatively.
  • step 6 this is done by at least one measure from the group of formation of through-openings, modification of through-openings, material removal, material thickening, formation or modification of webs or areas in the virtual cap delimiting through-openings or depressions.
  • step 4 it is particularly intended that areas of the virtual cap are removed and/or material is removed in areas where a force flow does not occur or does not occur significantly or is lower compared to other areas.
  • the path of a force from the point of introduction to the point where it is absorbed by a reaction force can be represented by a force flow line and thus also simulated.
  • a simulated pressure test and/or a drop test is carried out, which is also used to determine the characteristic parameter of a real cap.
  • the maximum permissible deformation of the cap perpendicular to the contact surface of the cap i.e. the minimum residual height specified in DIN EN ISO 22568-1:2020-01, which is 21.0 mm for a metal toe cap of size 8 with a type A as an inner toe cap, is to be selected as the characteristic parameter.
  • At least one further parameter in particular a material parameter from the group of tensile strength, yield strength, uniform elongation, mechanical stress, comparative stress, can be used as a characteristic parameter for the virtual construction of the toe cap to be produced.
  • the comparative stresses of individual areas of the virtual toe cap are used to make changes to the structure, i.e. the topology, depending on the calculated values, especially in step 6).
  • recesses and/or depressions are simulated in the area with a comparison stress of up to a maximum of 90% of the maximum comparison stress occurring in the simulated cap and/or that changes in the structure are omitted in areas with a comparison stress of more than 90% of the maximum comparison stress occurring in the simulated cap.
  • the toe cap to be produced on the basis of the virtual cap is produced in particular by injection molding, in particular metal injection molding, by die casting, by lamination or by additive manufacturing.
  • Another possible manufacturing process is the forming of materials, such as deep drawing of metal.
  • the material of the toe cap can be metal, in particular tool steel, plastic, in particular fiber-reinforced plastic or aramid.
  • the basic wall thickness is the wall thickness in which the wall, i.e. the cover wall and the front wall, does not have any areas of thickness D.
  • the areas themselves can be through-openings and/or recesses in the walls, without the latter completely penetrating the walls.
  • the invention provides that the through-openings have edge boundaries that are inclined towards at least one surface, in particular towards the outside of the toe cap.
  • the invention is also characterized in that recesses and/or depressions are provided in areas of the toe cap with a comparative stress of up to 90% and/or closed areas are provided in areas of the toe cap with a comparative stress of more than 90%.
  • the toe cap has areas of smaller thickness in regions of a comparative stress between 0 and 1200 MPa and/or has the base wall thickness in regions of a comparative stress greater than 1200 MPa, based on a toe cap of size 8 according to DIN EN ISO 22568-1:2020-01.
  • the toe cap is made of metal, in particular tool steel, plastic, in particular fibre-reinforced plastic or aramids.
  • the toe cap is an injection-molded body, in particular a metal injection-molded body, a die-cast body, a body produced by a lamination process or a body produced by an additive process.
  • groups of areas of lower density are surrounded by a common edge which is chamfered.
  • a toe cap is simulated according to the finite element method, which is optimized in terms of mass and/or ventilation, in order to then produce a real toe cap based on the CAD data of the simulated cap, which is used as an inner toe cap, whereby depending on whether the toe cap is used for protective shoes or for safety shoes, different minimum residual heights must be achieved in accordance with DIN EN ISO 22568-1:2020-01.
  • a master toe cap - also called master cap - is used according to Fig.1 which is a closed body, ie that the surface is completely closed and the wall thickness W is of constant thickness, ie that the toe cap 10 in both the curved front wall 12 and in the cover wall 14 covering the toes on the top side, wall thickness is the same.
  • the master cap can also be a body that already has openings and/or does not have a consistent wall thickness.
  • An inner edge can extend from the bottom region of the peripheral wall 12, an inwardly angled edge which lies in one plane.
  • the master toe cap is in particular a computer-aided design (CAD) of a real cap, taking into account the material properties of the real cap.
  • CAD computer-aided design
  • a toe cap 16 is simulated from the master cap 10 using the finite element method, which is divided into a finite number of sub-areas, i.e. finite elements. The division is made to such an extent that the simulated cap 16 has the same value in relation to a characteristic parameter of the master cap 10.
  • the characteristic parameter of the master cap 10 corresponds to the characteristic parameter of a real cap.
  • the characteristic parameter is the deformation of the cap in the Z direction, i.e. perpendicular to a plane that is spanned by the lower edge of the front wall 12 or the inward-facing edge. The plane thus runs parallel to a surface on which the cap rests with its edge.
  • the deformation in the Z direction must not be less than 21 mm for a size 8, e.g. for a metal inner toe cap type A intended for protective shoes.
  • the value is 25 mm.
  • Corresponding toe caps are used below the upper part of a shoe.
  • the material properties of the master cap i.e. a real cap, were taken into account.
  • the tensile strength was specified as 1280 MPa and the yield strength as 1080 MPa.
  • the simulated cap 16 which fulfilled the value of the characteristic parameter, was then structurally modified, whereby alternatively volume changes or area changes or both volume changes and area changes were specified as parameters to be changed.
  • the change in area means that 16 recesses were made in the simulated cap, whereby the total area of the recesses was set in relation to the total area of the closed simulated cap 16.
  • the volume of the simulated cap 16 was set in relation to the volume of the structurally modified simulated toe cap.
  • a corresponding structurally modified simulated toe cap after a first structural change is the Fig.3 and is marked with the reference number 18.
  • the model had a base plate 22, a holding fork 24, a rounded plate 26 and the falling body 20.
  • the simulated toe cap 16 was positioned on the base plate 22 between the holding fork 24 and the rounded plate 26.
  • the falling body 20, base plate 22, holding fork 24 and rounded plate 26 were rigid bodies made of steel.
  • the test body, i.e. the simulated toe cap 18, was made of tool steel 1.2709.
  • simulated pressure tests were also carried out on simulated toe caps in accordance with DIN EN ISO 22568-1:2020-01.
  • the simulated pressure test setup is the Fig.6 This shows the simulated toe cap 16 to be tested in principle, which was positioned between an upper plate 30 and a lower plate 32.
  • the lower plate 32 was made of steel and had a diameter of 150 mm and the upper plate 30 had a diameter of 141 mm.
  • the material was also steel.
  • the material for the simulated toe cap 16 was tool steel 1.2709. During the pressure test, a force of up to a maximum of 15 kN or 20 kN was applied in 1 kN increments.
  • a pressure test result for the simulated cap 28 at a force of 15 kN is the Fig.8 which shows the equivalent stress in the simulated toe cap 26.
  • the finite element method shows an inadmissible deviation from the specified value with regard to the characteristic parameter to be checked, taking into account specifications, in particular the specification according to DIN EN ISO 22568-1:2020-01, a further structural change was made, e.g. by enlarging or reducing and/or relocating openings or changing the thickness of the wall in some areas.
  • the simulated cap 18 did not meet the requirements regarding the specified characteristic parameter or the specified characteristic parameters, so that a change in the structure, i.e. a structure optimization, was carried out.
  • the structural change led to the simulated cap 36.
  • the simulation showed that for a metal toe cap of size 8 according to DIN EN ISO 22568-1:2020-01, recesses are possible in the areas where the comparative stress was less than 1200 MPa, whereas recesses should be avoided in areas above this value.
  • openings were formed in the areas where no or essentially no force flow was determined in the drop test and the pressure test on the simulated toe cap 16.
  • Structural changes are made to an extent until a simulated toe cap is obtained that satisfies the requirements with regard to the characteristic parameter(s) that are specified and must be fulfilled by a real cap.
  • Toe caps are then produced on the basis of the corresponding simulated toe cap, in particular using die casting, metal injection molding, lamination for caps made of fiber composite material or additive processes.
  • Another possible manufacturing process is the forming of materials, such as deep drawing of metal.
  • the material used for caps is metal, preferably steel, especially tool steel, although fibre-reinforced plastics can also be used.
  • the volume of a toe cap produced according to the invention is lower than that of a toe cap with closed surface can be reduced between 5% and 35%, especially in the range between 20 and 30%.
  • the surface of the cap can be reduced between 20% and 60%, in particular between 40% and 60%, i.e. a cap with a completely closed surface compared to a cap according to the invention which has recesses, such as openings, or regions of low wall thickness.
  • toe caps can be produced which allow good ventilation due to the openings, thus preventing heat build-up.
  • corresponding toe caps 40, 42 are shown in the Fig.10 and 11 These also illustrate that the type of openings can basically be chosen arbitrarily.
  • the openings in the toe cap 40 are formed by triangles, with triangles being put together in groups that are surrounded by a common edge that slopes towards the surface.
  • bevels are present. This is illustrated by the triangular openings 44, 46 and the common edge 48 surrounding them or by the openings 50, 52, 54 and the beveled border 56 that surrounds them.
  • Fig. 11 The perforations are formed by circular openings, some of which are identified by the reference numerals 58, 60, 62.
  • volume changes i.e. mass changes
  • reductions can also be achieved by forming recesses in the toe cap instead of or in addition to through-holes, i.e. by removing material, as can also be seen from the Fig.10
  • recesses 66, 68, 70 are provided, which lead to a reduction in volume and thus mass.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Socks And Pantyhose (AREA)
EP23206958.3A 2022-11-01 2023-10-31 Embout de pointe et son procédé de fabrication Pending EP4399990A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022128872.2A DE102022128872B3 (de) 2022-11-01 2022-11-01 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zehenkappe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4399990A2 true EP4399990A2 (fr) 2024-07-17
EP4399990A3 EP4399990A3 (fr) 2024-10-16

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23206958.3A Pending EP4399990A3 (fr) 2022-11-01 2023-10-31 Embout de pointe et son procédé de fabrication

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US12446661B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP4399990A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE102022128872B3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD1043080S1 (en) * 2021-12-17 2024-09-24 Telfair W. Houston, III Shoe insert

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1066786A1 (fr) 1999-07-05 2001-01-10 Cws International Ag Dispositif de déclenchement d'un processus dépendant d'un déplacement et son utilisation
US20080115387A1 (en) 2006-11-06 2008-05-22 Walworth Van T Flexibly rigid personal protective equipment components
EP2286686A1 (fr) 2009-08-21 2011-02-23 Mascot International A/S Capuchon de protection d'orteil et chaussure le comprenant
WO2014007818A1 (fr) 2012-07-05 2014-01-09 Honeywell International Inc. Bout rapporté protecteur injecté
EP3257391A1 (fr) 2016-06-16 2017-12-20 Soulier, Joël Embout de protection non métallique

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191510704A (en) * 1915-07-23 1916-07-24 W H Staynes & Smith An Improved Manufacture of Toe-cases, Toe-joiners, Stiffeners and the like, for Boots and Shoes and Material therefor.
EP1066768A1 (fr) 1999-07-06 2001-01-10 Calzaturificio 5BI S.r.l. Coquille de protection des orteils pour des chaussures de sécurité pour protéger contre des chocs
MX2007015351A (es) * 2007-12-05 2008-09-18 Internac De Calzado Ten Pac S Casco de proteccion para calzado industrial.
EP3027074A1 (fr) * 2013-08-02 2016-06-08 Universidade do Minho Embout protecteur métallique pour chaussures de sécurité
JP5902746B2 (ja) * 2014-04-26 2016-04-13 美津濃株式会社 インドアスポーツシューズのソール構造
US12201189B2 (en) 2016-01-07 2025-01-21 Mark Costin Roser Human locomotion assisting shoe
DE102016221669A1 (de) * 2016-11-04 2018-05-09 Adidas Ag Vorrichtugn und Verfahren zum reversiblen Modifizieren der optischen Erscheinung eines Kleidungsstücks
US20190269199A1 (en) * 2018-03-05 2019-09-05 Abigail R. Freed Carbon fiber insert for ballet shoe
CA3047771A1 (fr) * 2018-06-29 2019-12-29 Bauer Hockey, Ltd. Procedes et systemes de conception et de production d`equipement portable personnalise

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1066786A1 (fr) 1999-07-05 2001-01-10 Cws International Ag Dispositif de déclenchement d'un processus dépendant d'un déplacement et son utilisation
US20080115387A1 (en) 2006-11-06 2008-05-22 Walworth Van T Flexibly rigid personal protective equipment components
EP2286686A1 (fr) 2009-08-21 2011-02-23 Mascot International A/S Capuchon de protection d'orteil et chaussure le comprenant
EP2298112A1 (fr) 2009-08-21 2011-03-23 Mascot International A/S Coque de protection d'orteil et chaussure le comprenant
US20110185602A1 (en) 2009-08-21 2011-08-04 Mascot International A/S Toe protection cap and footgear comprising toe protection cap
WO2014007818A1 (fr) 2012-07-05 2014-01-09 Honeywell International Inc. Bout rapporté protecteur injecté
EP3257391A1 (fr) 2016-06-16 2017-12-20 Soulier, Joël Embout de protection non métallique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US12446661B2 (en) 2025-10-21
DE102022128872B3 (de) 2023-10-12
EP4399990A3 (fr) 2024-10-16
US20260026573A1 (en) 2026-01-29
US20240138521A1 (en) 2024-05-02

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