EP4385110A1 - Dispositif permettant de décharger un accumulateur d'énergie électrique d'un appareil électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif permettant de décharger un accumulateur d'énergie électrique d'un appareil électrique

Info

Publication number
EP4385110A1
EP4385110A1 EP22760705.8A EP22760705A EP4385110A1 EP 4385110 A1 EP4385110 A1 EP 4385110A1 EP 22760705 A EP22760705 A EP 22760705A EP 4385110 A1 EP4385110 A1 EP 4385110A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
discharge
voltage
energy store
electrical energy
discharging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22760705.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Juergen Gerhart
Michael Rummel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP4385110A1 publication Critical patent/EP4385110A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/322—Means for rapidly discharging a capacitor of the converter for protecting electrical components or for preventing electrical shock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for discharging an electrical energy store of an electrical device.
  • the invention also relates to a method for discharging an electrical energy store of an electrical device.
  • a so-called "discharge function” must usually be implemented in electronic control units of vehicles that are operated in the electrical high-voltage (HV) network. This is used to discharge all electrical voltages in the control unit to less than 60V contact voltage in the event of a voltage failure of an electrical on-board network, a disconnection of the HV plug, in the event of an accident, etc.
  • HV high-voltage
  • This variant has the disadvantage that you cannot ensure the discharge in all situations, since you have to make an active decision to discharge. This is possible, for example, by controlling a microcontroller. However, if the power supply to the microcontroller fails or the microcontroller itself has a defect, it is no longer possible to activate the discharge.
  • the electrical supply voltage is discharged to a lower voltage potential in an exponential curve in a defined period of time.
  • the object is achieved with a device for discharging an electrical energy store of an electrical device:
  • the device is designed to detect a discharge situation in which the electrical energy store has to be discharged within a defined time
  • the device is further designed to activate the discharging of the electrical energy store by means of a discharging element
  • the discharge element can be switched in parallel with the electrical energy store. This makes it possible to comply with a standard that stipulates, for example, that an electrical energy store of a control device must be discharged to contact voltage, in particular below 60V, within 5s.
  • the object is achieved with a method for discharging an electrical energy store of an electrical device, having the steps:
  • This provides a method with which an electrical energy store is discharged to a defined electrical voltage within a defined period of time.
  • the electrical energy store is designed as one or more buffer capacitors. More than one electrical energy store is preferably formed.
  • a preferred development of the device is characterized in that by comparing the measured voltage with a reference voltage, a decision is made as to whether a discharge situation is present, a discharge state being present when a measured voltage is less than a reference voltage.
  • a detection device is provided in the form of a sample and hold circuit.
  • a preferred development of the device is characterized in that a switch is switched, in particular cyclically, preferably for a first period of time. It is advantageous that a voltage is detected while the switch is switched. It is also advantageous that by comparing the measured voltage with a reference voltage, a decision is made as to whether a discharge case is present, a discharge state being present when the measured voltage is less than the reference voltage.
  • a further preferred development of the device provides for a switch to initiate rapid discharging of the electrical energy store to be activated when the event of discharge is detected.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that a supply voltage is discharged to approximately 60 V, in particular less than 60 V, within 10 s, in particular 6 s, preferably approximately 5 s. This can easily be achieved, e.g. by means of an appropriately dimensioned resistor.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that the electrical voltage is set at a reference capacitance by a switch controlled by a timer.
  • timer is in the form of a bistable flip-flop or a programmable timer module.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that it also has a suppression element which is designed to implement switch-on suppression of the switch. Diagnostic purposes for the device can advantageously be implemented in this way by means of a microcontroller which controls the suppression element.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that it also has a passive discharge element in an electrically conductive connection with the reference capacitance. In this way, a defined comparison between the measurement voltage and the reference voltage is made possible, it being possible, for example, for a discharge characteristic of the reference capacitor to be monitored to be formed in a very defined manner.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that a two-stage voltage divider is provided for providing an electrical voltage for the comparator. In this way, a time constant for the reference capacitor can be set in an optimized manner.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the device is characterized in that the device is provided for discharging the electrical energy store of a control device in a defined manner.
  • a development is characterized in that the at least one electrical energy store is part of the electrical device.
  • the electrical device is in particular a control device or is connected to such a device, in particular interacts, or the control device is part of the electrical device.
  • the electrical device and/or the control device being used in particular in a vehicle.
  • the electrical device and/or the control unit preferably serves to control an electrical high-voltage consumer, in particular a drive motor of the vehicle, an electric compressor, a fan, a pump or another supply device of the vehicle.
  • a development of the method is characterized in that a decision is made as to whether a discharge situation is present by comparing a measured voltage with a reference voltage. Furthermore, it is advantageous that a discharge state is present when the measured voltage is lower than the reference voltage.
  • a development of the method is characterized in that a switch is switched, in particular cyclically, preferably for a first period of time. It is advantageous that a voltage is detected while the switch is switched, in particular for a defined period of time, and that a decision is made by comparing the measured voltage with a reference voltage as to whether a discharge case is present, a discharge state being present when the measured voltage is smaller than the reference voltage.
  • a further development of the method is characterized in that a switch for initiating rapid discharging of the electrical energy store is activated when the event of discharge is detected. Faster discharging takes place via the discharge element.
  • Device features disclosed result analogously from corresponding disclosed method features and vice versa. This means in particular that features, technical advantages and designs relating to the device for discharging an electrical energy storage device result from corresponding designs, features and technical advantages relating to the method for discharging an electrical energy storage device of an electrical device and vice versa.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a device for discharging an electrical energy store
  • the present invention proposes an electronic circuit that makes it possible to activate a discharge of an electrical energy store without using a microcontroller or another control in a defined situation. This is achieved by using a sample-hold stage with a downstream comparator to monitor the HV input voltage of an electrical device. When the HV input voltage drops in a defined manner, a fast discharge circuit is activated, thus ensuring fast discharging in a defined manner, even if the control via a microcontroller fails.
  • the existing boundary conditions can be outlined as follows:
  • the electrical energy storage device or devices are discharged via a passive discharge element 18 and the HV voltage drops quickly by a defined voltage level (e.g. 20V in 3.5 seconds).
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic mode of operation of the proposed method.
  • a time profile of an electrical supply voltage II can be seen.
  • a permanent monitoring of AU/t1 is provided, with a comparison being carried out with a voltage reference value AUref.
  • AUref a voltage reference value
  • AU>AU ref a rapid discharge process (fast discharge) of the electrical energy store is activated.
  • t1 rapid discharging of the electrical energy store 10 is supported, e.g. within 1 s. t1 can be dimensioned with 0.1 s, for example (factor 10 smaller than the rapid discharging). This enables rapid discharge faster than 5s, preferably within 4.6 - 4.7 s.
  • Figure 2 shows a device 100 for detecting a discharge case of an electrical energy store 10.
  • Said electrical energy store 10 (DC link capacitor, DCL capacitor) can, for example, for buffering electrical Be arranged voltage in an electronic control unit of an electric vehicle, wherein the electrical supply voltage HV + 60V or more, in particular 200V, 400V, 800V or 1000V can be.
  • One or more electrical energy stores 10 are conceivable.
  • the electrical energy store 10 is embodied as a buffer capacitor, for example.
  • the electrical energy store is a buffer store or buffer elements or, in general, components of the electrical device that are designed to store electrical energy.
  • the electrical energy store 10 can also be designed as one or more batteries, preferably as a secondary battery.
  • the electrical energy store can also be a combination of a capacitor and a battery, in particular a secondary battery.
  • a two-stage voltage divider with a first voltage divider R1/R2 and a second voltage divider R3/R4 can be seen at the input of a comparator 15.
  • the second voltage divider R3/R4 is only optional and is used to lower the electrical supply voltage HV + , which may be very high, to a level that is favorable for the comparator 15.
  • a single-stage voltage divider with the two ohmic resistors R1, R2 would also be conceivable.
  • a discharge element 11 can be seen in the form of a constant ohmic resistance, for example, which is connected in series with a switch element 12 . If an impermissible drop or interruption of the supply voltage HV + or HV is detected; for example as a result of an accident, a technical maintenance operation, a cable fault, etc., the switch element 12 is closed and the electrical energy store 10 is thereby discharged “quickly” via the discharge element 11 in the form of the ohmic resistance.
  • a detection or trigger circuit of the device 100 that is suitable for this purpose is explained in more detail below.
  • a timer 13, which cyclically controls a switch 14, is used to alternately charge a reference capacitor Cref with a sample-hold stage, which provides the electrical reference voltage U ref .
  • a downstream comparator 15 can be seen, which compares the current measurement voltage Umess with a reference voltage U ref , the measurement voltage being an image of the supply voltage HV + and the reference voltage U ref normally having to be smaller than the electrical measurement voltage Umess.
  • a “normal fair” is understood to mean a non-discharging situation of the electrical energy store 10 .
  • the comparator 15 which is fed to an optional suppression element 16 (e.g. OR element), which is also controlled by a microcontroller (not shown) and is used to suppress switching on, e.g. for diagnostic purposes Device 100 to realize.
  • An output signal of the suppression element 16 is fed to an inverter 17 which provides the correct polarity for a switch 12 driving control signal.
  • the device 100 has an optional passive discharge element 18 .
  • the optional passive discharge element 18 is embodied in the form of a resistor, for example. According to an alternative embodiment, it can also be designed as a current sink. A defined comparison between the measurement voltage Umess and the reference voltage U ref is thus made possible, as a result of which, for example, a discharge characteristic of the reference capacitor C ref to be monitored according to FIG. 1 can be formed in a very defined manner.
  • the optional passive discharge element 18 is preferably necessary in order to obtain a voltage drop in the event of discharge.
  • the voltage drop requires activation of the "rapid discharge” via the discharge element 11 . The exact way it works is described below.
  • the optional passive discharge element 18 serves as a secondary discharge path, in particular when the device according to the invention fails.
  • the discharge via the optional passive discharge element 18 takes place much more slowly, in particular in approximately 120 s or less.
  • the optional passive discharge element 18 is a resistance, preferably with higher resistance value as the discharge element 11 . The resistance value is increased to keep the power loss low.
  • the circuit activates the switch 12, in particular during the first time period t1. If the voltage falls below the reference voltage U ref or if the voltage drop itself is greater than a defined value, the switch 12 remains closed . If no voltage drop is detected, the switch 12 is opened again. Closing to detect a voltage drop of the switch 12 is repeated cyclically. If there is a voltage drop, but this is less than the reference voltage Uref after the time t1, the switch 12 is opened again. Such a small voltage drop can occur in particular as a result of incorrect triggering, in particular due to voltage dips in the vehicle electrical system.
  • FIG. 3 shows a time profile of an electrical control signal S for the switch 14. This shows a period t1 with a switch-on time tem in which the switch 14 is closed and with a switch-off time t off in which the switch 14 is open.
  • the reference capacitor C ref is cyclically charged to the electrical reference voltage U ref with the aid of the timer 13 .
  • the reference capacitor Cref is charged alternately with a sample hold stage in this way.
  • the first voltage divider R1, R2 provides the electrical reference voltage U ref , the first voltage divider being dimensioned in such a way that it provides, for example, 90% of the measurement voltage Umess. This ensures that, under normal circumstances, the reference voltage U ref is always smaller than the measurement voltage Umess.
  • the reference capacitor Cref is always kept at the current measurement voltage Umess by the switch 14 cyclically controlled by the timer 13 . This occurs alternately with a predetermined time t1, with the electronic switch 14 bidirectionally carrying the charging/discharging current in the reference capacitor C ref .
  • the second voltage divider R3, R4 can be used in order to use a comparator 15 for lower electrical voltages (eg max. 25V, with the voltage at R3 being approx. 5% of HV+ in a favorable design).
  • the measured voltage Umess falls due to a discharge via "passive discharge", so the voltage U ref tracks the measured voltage Umess for the switch-on time tem (e.g. with 0.2 x t1 , i.e. 20 ms).
  • the "passive discharge” takes place in particular via the discharge element 18.
  • the measurement voltage Umess drops below the reference voltage U ref and the comparator 15 switches.
  • the electrical energy store 10 can be discharged very quickly (for example in about 1 second) to a defined voltage value, for example to ⁇ 60V.
  • the rapid discharge then takes place via the discharge element 11.
  • the profile is dependent on the discharge element 11. In particular, the profile is exponential if the discharge element includes a resistor or is designed as such. If, on the other hand, the discharge element 11 is in the form of a current sink, a linear profile results, with a preferably constant discharge current.
  • Timer 13 can be implemented using various standard circuits, e.g. as a bistable flip-flop, programmable timer module, etc.
  • rapid discharging must not be incorrectly activated for several timer cycles (e.g. max. 5 ⁇ t1), because the discharge resistor 11 can then be thermally overloaded due to the rapid discharging.
  • the discharge resistor 11 is therefore designed in such a way that it can discharge the electrical energy store 10 within, for example, 1s.
  • the “fast discharge” could be incorrectly activated due to an undefined voltage level in the electronic device HV circuit. To do this, the fast discharge signal could be suppressed by the microcontroller. As a rule, however, this is permissible because a "fast discharge" when switching on the electrical device can usually be accepted for a short time.
  • Diagnostic options result from a back measurement and a comparison of Uref and Umess, as well as monitoring the on/off time of the timer 13.
  • cyclic monitoring of the rapid discharging can be carried out by activation via the microcontroller.
  • a test of the comparator 15 and the activation of “fast discharge” can be carried out by feeding in a test voltage for the reference voltage, which is greater than the measurement voltage Umess.
  • the electrical energy store 10 can be provided, for example, to buffer an electrical operating voltage in an electronic control unit of an electric vehicle.
  • a capacitance value of the electrical energy store 10 can be specified, for example, by EMC specifications or other relevant standards.
  • the proposed device 100 can be used in all HV devices that require the electronics to be discharged, e.g. in an e-compressor, which implements an electrically controlled compressor for the purpose of air conditioning the interior of a vehicle.
  • an e-compressor which implements an electrically controlled compressor for the purpose of air conditioning the interior of a vehicle.
  • step 200 a discharge case in which the electrical energy store 10 has to be discharged is detected.
  • the detection takes place by means of the optional passive discharge element 18 or by switching the switch 12, in particular cyclically.
  • the electrical energy store 10 is discharged by means of at least one discharge element 11, the discharge element 11 being connected in parallel with the electrical energy store 10 and being designed to discharge the electrical energy store 10 to a defined voltage value in a defined time.
  • the discharge element 11 is designed as a current sink. Corresponding discharge elements are shown in FIGS.
  • the discharge element 11 according to FIG. 5 has a depletion MOS FET.
  • the discharge element 11 may include a resistor R5.
  • the resistor is arranged between the source S and the gate G of the depletion MOSFET.
  • a negative gate-source voltage UGS is generated, so that the depletion MOS FET can be used as a constant current sink with a defined current according to its characteristic.
  • the resistor R5 could also be omitted.
  • the gate G and the source S of the depletion MOSFET would then be connected directly to one another.
  • a level of the electrical current results from dividing the threshold voltage of the depletion MOS FET by a resistance value of the resistor R5.
  • the diode shown as an example in Figure 5 represents a parasitic element of the depletion MOSFET.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of a discharge element 11 with bipolar transistors T1, T2, which are connected within a current-limiting circuit known per se.
  • an electric current is generated by means of the resistor R5 determined, with a current flow through the transistor T1 being monitored.
  • An electrical voltage drop across R5 increases in the event of an increasing electrical current through the transistor T1.
  • the transistor T2 begins to conduct, with the transistor T2 diverting electrical current from the base of T1 and conducting it to ground. This reduces the collector current of the transistor T1 and keeps the electrical voltage across the resistor R1 constant at a defined value, in particular at approx. 0.7 V.
  • the passive discharge element is also designed as a current sink according to one of the embodiments above.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Est divulgué un dispositif (100) permettant de décharger un accumulateur d'énergie électrique (10) d'un appareil électrique : - le dispositif (100) étant conçu pour reconnaître un événement de décharge nécessitant que l'accumulateur d'énergie électrique (10) soit déchargé dans un délai spécifique ; - le dispositif (100) étant en outre conçu pour activer l'opération de décharge de l'accumulateur d'énergie électrique (10) au moyen d'un élément de décharge (11) ; - dans un cas de décharge, l'élément de décharge (11) pouvant être connecté en parallèle à l'accumulateur d'énergie électrique (10).
EP22760705.8A 2021-08-11 2022-08-01 Dispositif permettant de décharger un accumulateur d'énergie électrique d'un appareil électrique Pending EP4385110A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021208763.9A DE102021208763A1 (de) 2021-08-11 2021-08-11 Vorrichtung zum Entladen eines elektrischen Energiespeichers einer elektrischen Einrichtung
PCT/EP2022/071498 WO2023016836A1 (fr) 2021-08-11 2022-08-01 Dispositif permettant de décharger un accumulateur d'énergie électrique d'un appareil électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4385110A1 true EP4385110A1 (fr) 2024-06-19

Family

ID=83081644

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22760705.8A Pending EP4385110A1 (fr) 2021-08-11 2022-08-01 Dispositif permettant de décharger un accumulateur d'énergie électrique d'un appareil électrique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4385110A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN117678139A (fr)
DE (1) DE102021208763A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023016836A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118432425B (zh) * 2024-07-03 2024-08-23 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 一种放电控制电路、控制器

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10035422B2 (en) 2016-06-14 2018-07-31 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Self-limiting active discharge circuit for electric vehicle inverter
DE102016222632A1 (de) * 2016-11-17 2018-05-17 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Entladen eines Zwischenkreiskondensators
DE102018125272A1 (de) 2018-10-12 2020-04-16 Valeo Siemens Eautomotive Germany Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Entladen eines Zwischenkreiskondensators, Stromrichter und Fahrzeug
DE102019203526A1 (de) * 2019-03-15 2020-09-17 Brose Fahrzeugteile SE & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg Entladevorrichtung, elektrische Einheit und Entladeverfahren
CN110611342A (zh) * 2019-07-22 2019-12-24 航宇救生装备有限公司 一种空投用低温脉冲电池电路
DE102020213249A1 (de) 2020-10-20 2022-04-21 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur aktiven Entladung eines Zwischenkreiskondensators

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2023016836A1 (fr) 2023-02-16
CN117678139A (zh) 2024-03-08
DE102021208763A1 (de) 2023-02-16

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