EP4382724A1 - Case with injectable sheath - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for creating a barrier between a first wall (9) and a second wall by introducing a filling material into a sheath (2). According to the invention, the device is a pre-assembled kit (100) comprising: - a case provided with a housing having a cavity open on one side and delimited by an open edge; - at least one hole passing through the bottom of the housing ; and- a sheath (2) closed and placed in the housing, the sheath being provided with at least one opening in fluid communication with said at least one bore, the dimensions of the sheath being chosen so that before filling it can be entirely contained in the housing without flushing, and that after filling, the sheath protrudes from the housing, the pre-assembled kit (100) being dimensioned to be handled by hand by one or two operators without lifting tools.

Description

The invention relates to a device for creating a barrier between a first wall and a second wall by introducing a filling material into a sheath. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a prefabricated element obtained by molding and provided with a device according to the invention, in particular for manufacturing a tunnel segment, the prefabricated element having at least one face on which the housing and a second face.

Technical area

To build a tunnel, it is necessary to excavate a gallery which is then lined with a tube formed by a succession of rings made up of segments. The segments are prefabricated elements curved in an arc generally obtained by molding in reinforced concrete. The segments are either prefabricated and transported by truck to the installation site, or manufactured directly on site. There remains between the ring made up of segments and the excavated ground an annular void which must be filled with a more or less permeable material. When the tunnel is made in hard rock, it is sometimes necessary to make boxes in this annular space to prevent water from spreading all along. For this, it is known to manufacture sealing barriers on the upper surface of certain rings.

These barriers are usually made of fabric sheaths designed and made to measure. They are installed on the extrados of the voussoirs. After a complete ring made up of a plurality of segments has been put in place, the sheaths are filled by injection of a cement grout, through one or more injection points. The initially folded sheath deploys upon filling to match, on the one hand, the upper surface of the voussoir ring and, on the other hand, the excavated ground by matching the irregularities thereof. These sealing barriers are therefore placed in a radial plane relative to the axis of the tunnel.

Before injection, the folded sheath is positioned on the upper surface of the segment. The size of the folded sheath must be as small as possible. To prevent it from being torn off when passing the tunnel boring machine scales, it is common to place it in a recess provided for this purpose in the upper surface of the segment. The sheath is mechanically fixed to the segment, for example by eyelet strips and concrete screws, Velcro ^® type strips, or by straps. To protect the fabric of the sheath placed in the groove during the passage of the tunnel boring machine scales, and thus avoid its tearing, a protective strip is often provided on the upper part of the folded sheath.

Technical problem

• une étanchéité non obtenue dans les zones de contact aux extrémités de la gaine ;
• la formation de bourrage liée à de mauvais déploiements de la gaine ;
• la formation de vrille liée à une mauvaise installation de la gaine ;
• des fuites au niveau du point d'injection, liées à une mauvaise interface intrados/gaine (manque de serrage).

L'objectif de l'invention est de remédier à ces inconvénients et de faciliter la mise en place d'une gaine d'étanchéité.However, it proved costly in time and money to make engravings in the extrados of the voussoirs, then to manually place the folded sheaths there. The ducts are installed either on the segment manufacturing site after unmoulding, or on the tunnel site. It turns out that the installation of ducts is a delicate operation and is often a source of poor results in use, because the operators on site do not take great care during installation. This can be explained either by a lack of preparation, resources or means, or because operators are poorly trained or inexperienced. The damage observed is:

• a seal not obtained in the contact zones at the ends of the sheath;
• the formation of jams linked to poor deployment of the sheath;
• the formation of twists linked to poor installation of the sheath;
• leaks at the injection point, linked to a poor intrados/sheath interface (lack of tightening).

The objective of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks and to facilitate the installation of a sealing sheath.

Presentation of the invention

• un étui muni d'un logement ayant une cavité ouverte d'un côté et délimitée par un bord ouvert ;
• au moins un perçage traversant le fond du logement ; et
• une gaine fermée et placée dans le logement, la gaine étant munie d'au moins une ouverture en communication fluidique avec ledit au moins un perçage, les dimensions de la gaine étant choisies pour qu'avant remplissage elle puisse être entièrement contenue dans le logement sans désaffleurement, et qu'après remplissage, la gaine dépasse du logement. Le préassemblage en atelier du kit permet de garantir une bonne mise en place de la gaine dans l'étui ce qui garantit un déploiement correct de la gaine lors de l'injection de la matière de remplissage.

Le kit préassemblé est dimensionné pour être manipulable à la main par un ou plusieurs opérateurs. Il est de préférence apte à être placé dans un moule pour un élément préfabriqué par moulage de telle sorte que le logement soit ouvert vers l'extérieur de l'élément préfabriqué par moulage pour permettre à la gaine de se déployer hors de l'élément préfabriqué par moulage.This objective is achieved in accordance with the invention because the device is a preassembled kit comprising

• a case provided with a housing having a cavity open on one side and delimited by an open edge;
• at least one hole passing through the bottom of the housing; And
• a sheath closed and placed in the housing, the sheath being provided with at least one opening in fluid communication with said at least one bore, the dimensions of the sheath being chosen so that before filling it can be entirely contained in the housing without out of flush, and after filling, the sheath protrudes from the housing. The workshop pre-assembly of the kit ensures proper placement of the sheath in the case, which guarantees correct deployment of the sheath during the injection of the filling material.

The pre-assembled kit is sized to be handled by hand by one or more operators. It is preferably capable of being placed in a mold for an element prefabricated by molding such that the housing is open towards the outside of the element prefabricated by molding to allow the sheath to deploy outside the prefabricated element by molding.

The sheath is preferably fixed to the case by fixing means, preferably by a ^Velcro® type hook-and-loop strip. This fixing is not in itself essential, but it makes handling and transporting the kit easier.

• l'étui est muni d'une paroi de fond et d'une ceinture constituée de deux parois longitudinales et de deux parois latérales,
  • les parois longitudinales formant de préférence un angle sensiblement droit avec la paroi de fond, et/ou
  • les parois latérales formant de préférence un angle obtus avec la paroi de fond ;
• un joint d'étanchéité étant de préférence prévu sur la face extérieure de la ceinture, lequel joint fait le tour de la ceinture, et/ou
• une gorge étant de préférence réalisée dans la face extérieure de la ceinture pour placer un joint d'étanchéité.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention,

• the case is provided with a bottom wall and a belt made up of two longitudinal walls and two side walls,
  • the longitudinal walls preferably forming a substantially right angle with the bottom wall, and/or
  • the side walls preferably forming an obtuse angle with the bottom wall;
• a seal being preferably provided on the exterior face of the belt, which seal goes around the belt, and/or
• a groove preferably being made in the exterior face of the belt to place a seal.

• un joint de moulage étant de préférence placé sur la face supérieure du flasque d'étui se trouvant dans le prolongement de la face intérieure du logement, ledit joint de moulage faisant le tour du flasque d'étui,
  • ledit joint de moulage étant de préférence placé dans une gorge réalisée sur la face supérieure du flasque d'étui.

It is preferable to provide a case flange around the open edge of the housing,

• a molding seal being preferably placed on the upper face of the case flange located in the extension of the interior face of the housing, said molding seal going around the case flange,
  • said molding seal being preferably placed in a groove made on the upper face of the case flange.

Stiffening means can be provided to stiffen the case. The stiffening means are preferably made in the form of bosses made on the exterior face of the housing of the case, in particular on the exterior face of a bottom wall of the housing.

It may be advantageous to provide anchoring means to anchor the case in the molding material. For example, the geometry of the case can be designed with undercuts such that the case is perfectly anchored in the prefabricated object by molding.

The drilling can be carried out in a recess of the housing directed outwards, preferably a recess of a bottom wall of the housing.

An injection pipe is preferably provided, a pipe whose first end opens into the bore and whose other end projects out of the case, a non-return valve being able to be provided in said injection pipe.

• une douille d'injection dont une première partie traverse le perçage et l'ouverture de la gaine de sorte qu'elle saille dans celle-ci, et dont une deuxième partie saille hors de l'étui du côté opposé au bord ouvert du logement ; et
• une bague, de préférence une bague-écrou, située à l'intérieur de la gaine et fixée, de préférence par vissage, sur la première partie de la douille d'injection,
  • la bague étant de préférence munie d'un flasque de bague pour coincer le bord de l'ouverture de la gaine contre le fond du logement.

The injection line may include

• an injection sleeve, a first part of which passes through the bore and the opening of the sheath so that it projects into it, and a second part of which projects out of the case on the side opposite the open edge of the housing; And
• a ring, preferably a nut ring, located inside the sheath and fixed, preferably by screwing, to the first part of the injection sleeve,
  • the ring preferably being provided with a ring flange to wedge the edge of the opening of the sheath against the bottom of the housing.

• la gaine étant de préférence pliée, notamment sur toute sa longueur de sorte à former au moins un soufflet, de préférence deux soufflets, et
  • chaque soufflet est de préférence maintenu en place par des moyens de retenue pouvant facilement casser sous l'effet d'un produit injecté dans la gaine, en particulier par des fils à casser ; et/ou
• les extrémités de la gaine sont de préférence pliées pour former un soufflet d'extrémité.

The sheath is for example constituted by a tubular piece of flexible material, preferably fabric, closed at its two ends,

• the sheath being preferably folded, in particular over its entire length so as to form at least one bellows, preferably two bellows, and
  • each bellows is preferably held in place by retaining means which can easily break under the effect of a product injected into the sheath, in particular by breaking wires; and or
• the ends of the sheath are preferably folded to form an end bellows.

A protective strip can be provided on the sheath to protect it when it is placed in the housing. The housing may additionally, or instead, be closed with a cover. The cover can be attached to the case by fixing means. It can be provided with pre-cuts capable of giving way when filling the sheath.

The device is particularly well suited to a tunnel segment. In this case, the housing may have a longitudinal extension and a transverse extension, the longitudinal extension of the bottom of the housing having an arc shape concentric with the arc of a circle forming the upper surface of the segment for which it is intended, and in that the opening of the housing, and a flange surrounding the opening of the housing when there is one, has/have the same shape as the upper surface of the segment for which the device is intended.

The device can be placed in the upper surface of a segment, preferably with the exterior face of the bottom of the case in contact with the frame of the segment.

• le dispositif préassemblé selon l'invention est préparé en munissant le dispositif préassemblé, s'il n'en est pas déjà muni :
  • d'une conduite d'injection
    • dont une première extrémité débouche dans le perçage de l'étui et est en communication fluidique avec l'ouverture de la gaine, et
    • dont la deuxième extrémité est suffisamment éloignée de l'étui pour pouvoir déboucher sur la deuxième face de l'élément préfabriqué ; et
  • si cela est souhaité, d'un joint d'étanchéité placé sur la face extérieure de l'étui, en particulier dans une gorge circulaire réalisée autour de l'étui, le joint d'étanchéité étant de préférence un joint hydrogonflant ;
• le dispositif est placé dans un moule de sorte que son logement et la deuxième extrémité de la conduite d'injection ne soient pas en contact avec l'intérieur du moule ;
• le moule est fermé ;
• le matériau composant l'élément préfabriqué est injecté ou coulé dans le moule ;
• le moule est ouvert et l'élément préfabriqué muni du dispositif ancré dedans est sorti du moule.

The process of the invention is characterized by the following steps:

• the preassembled device according to the invention is prepared by providing the preassembled device, if it is not already equipped with one:
  • of an injection pipe
    • a first end of which opens into the bore of the case and is in fluid communication with the opening of the sheath, and
    • the second end of which is sufficiently far from the case to be able to open onto the second face of the prefabricated element; And
  • if desired, a seal placed on the exterior face of the case, in particular in a circular groove made around the case, the seal preferably being a hydro-inflatable seal;
• the device is placed in a mold so that its housing and the second end of the injection pipe are not in contact with the interior of the mold;
• the mold is closed;
• the material making up the prefabricated element is injected or poured into the mold;
• the mold is opened and the prefabricated element provided with the device anchored therein is taken out of the mold.

The case is placed in the mold such that its housing is open towards the outside of the mold. In other words, the face of the case opposite the housing (19) is in contact with the molding material.

If the pre-assembled kit is provided with a cover, this can be pre-cut before the injection of the material composing the prefabricated element by molding in the mold to facilitate its subsequent opening during the injection of the filling material of the sheath . This is not necessary if the cover is already provided with pre-cuts, or if part of the fixing means are sufficiently weak to allow them to give way during the injection of the sheath filling material.

The injection line can be made by attaching a gripping sleeve to an injection sleeve already included in the preassembled device.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 :

un étui selon un premier modèle, vu (a) en perspective, (b) de face, (c) de côté et (d) de dessus ;

Fig. 2 :

un deuxième étui de l'invention semblable à l'étui de la figure 1, mais de plus grandes dimensions (a) vue avant assemblage et (b) vu assemblé ;

Fig. 3 :

un exemple de voussoir muni d'un kit équipé de l'étui de la figure 1 et dont on a retiré la gaine ;

Fig. 4 :

un kit ancré dans un voussoir et comprenant l'étui de la figure 1 et une gaine pliée à l'intérieur représentée schématiquement, (a) en coupe transversale selon le plan A de la figure 3 et (b) en coupe longitudinale selon le plan B de la figure 3 au niveau de l'extrémité de l'étui ;

Fig. 5 :

une vue en coupe selon le plan B de l'étui de la figure 1 ancré dans un voussoir et munie d'un dispositif d'injection, (a) en vue d'ensemble et (b) selon un agrandissement du dispositif pour l'injection ;

Fig. 6 :

la gaine déployée vue (a) en coupe transversale selon le plan A, et (b) en coupe longitudinale selon le plan B ;

Fig. 7 :

deux voussoirs de tailles différentes (a) selon des vues individuelles, et (b) assemblés pour former un anneau de tube de tunnel ;

Fig. 8 :

une vue schématique d'une variante du voussoir de la figure 5a muni en outre d'un dispositif d'inspection et d'injection secondaire ;

Fig. 9 :

un étui de l'invention selon un mode de réalisation plus simple ;

Fig. 10 :

une vue semblable à celle de la figure 4a dans laquelle l'étui est en outre muni d'un couvercle ;

Fig. 11 :

une vue semblable à celle de la figure 5a, dans laquelle l'étui est en outre muni d'un couvercle ;

Fig. 12 :

une vue semblable à celle de la figure 5b, dans laquelle l'étui est en outre muni d'un couvercle ;

Fig. 13 :

des vues semblables aux vues (a) de la figure 4a, et (b) de la figure 11 montrant un étui muni de moyens d'ancrage.

The invention is described in more detail using the following figures which show:

Fig. 1:

a case according to a first model, seen (a) in perspective, (b) from the front, (c) from the side and (d) from above;

Fig. 2:

a second case of the invention similar to the case of the figure 1 , but larger dimensions (a) view before assembly and (b) view assembled;

Fig. 3:

an example of a segment fitted with a kit equipped with the case of the figure 1 and from which the sheath was removed;

Fig. 4:

a kit anchored in a segment and including the case of the figure 1 and an internally folded sheath shown schematically, (a) in cross section along plane A of the Figure 3 and (b) in longitudinal section along plane B of the Figure 3 at the end of the case;

Fig. 5:

a sectional view according to plan B of the case of the figure 1 anchored in a segment and provided with an injection device, (a) in overall view and (b) according to an enlargement of the injection device;

Fig. 6:

the deployed sheath seen (a) in cross section along plane A, and (b) in longitudinal section along plane B;

Fig. 7:

two segments of different sizes (a) in individual views, and (b) assembled to form a ring of tunnel tube;

Fig. 8:

a schematic view of a variant of the voussoir of the figure 5a further provided with a secondary inspection and injection device;

Fig. 9:

a case of the invention according to a simpler embodiment;

Fig. 10:

a view similar to that of the figure 4a in which the case is further provided with a cover;

Fig. 11:

a view similar to that of the figure 5a , in which the case is further provided with a cover;

Fig. 12:

a view similar to that of the figure 5b , in which the case is further provided with a cover;

Fig. 13:

views similar to views (a) of the Figure 4a, and (b) of the Figure 11 showing a case provided with anchoring means.

detailed description

The invention relates to a kit (100) comprising a case (1, 1', 1") in which a sealing sheath (2) is housed. This kit is intended to be anchored on the extrados (91) of a segment (9).

Several examples of cases are presented in the figures, namely a first case (1) described in detail, a second case (1') distinguished from the first essentially by its greater longitudinal extension, and a third case (1") simpler than the first two The same elements bear the same numbers and are followed by a “'” or “”” sign when they relate to the second or third case respectively.

The kit (100) and the cases (1, 1', 1‴) are shown in the figures with their opening upwards. Spatial references such as “top” / “bottom” or “upper” / “lower” only have a relative value in relation to the representations in the attached figures. It goes without saying that depending on the position of the segment in the ring forming the tunnel tube, the kit and its case can take positions other than those represented in the figures, as is clearly visible on the figure 7b For example. Therefore, what is up in the position shown in the figures will not necessarily be up in use.

The case consists of a bottom wall (11) surrounded on the side of its upper face by a belt (12) formed of two longitudinal walls (121) and two side walls (122). The bottom wall (11) and the belt (12) form a housing (19) open upwards, that is to say on the side opposite the bottom wall (11). In other words, the housing forms a cavity open on one side and delimited by an open edge. The case could also have a trough shape, for example semi-cylindrical, where the longitudinal walls extend the bottom wall, itself possibly curved, without forming junction angles. The same could be true of the side walls as an extension of the back wall.

The bottom wall (11) is preferably curved in its extension longitudinal and straight in its lateral extension as is clearly visible for example on the figure 1b and 1c respectively. In this case, the radius of curvature of the bottom wall (11) is preferably adapted to the radius of curvature of the extrados (91) of the segment (9). Consequently, the arc of a circle defining the bottom wall and the arc of a circle defining the upper surface of the segment can be substantially concentric.

It is preferable that the longitudinal walls (121) form an angle with the bottom wall close to the right angle, or deviate only slightly from the right angle, in particular towards the outside. The sheath is thus well retained in the case, even when the tunnel boring machine scales pass through it. The upper edge of the longitudinal walls (121) is preferably curved and its radius of curvature can correspond substantially to that of the upper surface (91) of the segment. The lower edge of the longitudinal walls (121) has the same radius of curvature as the bottom wall (11) which it extends.

The side walls (122) preferably form an obtuse angle with the bottom wall (11), so that seen in longitudinal section along the plane (B) visible on the Figure 3 , the case flares away from the back wall (see the figures 4b And 5a For example). The angle is for example between 135° and 140°.

A case flange (13) directed towards the outside of the case can extend the belt (12) opposite the bottom wall (11). This case flange preferably has a shape allowing it to be flush with its upper face the extrados (91) of the segment as is clearly visible on the figures 4a And 5b For example.

A hole (111) passes through the bottom wall (11), preferably in its center. The bore (111) can be located in a recess (112) in the bottom wall which is directed towards the outside of the housing. In this case, the hole (111) is at a point lower and further from the open edge of the housing than the part of the bottom wall which surrounds the recess. The recess can have a height of 15 mm for example.

To stiffen the case (1, 1'), stiffening means can be provided. In the examples presented in the figures, these stiffening means are in the form of bosses (113) distributed regularly on the bottom wall (11). These bosses (113) are made by ribs directed downwards, that is to say towards the outside of the case, so as not to encroach on the interior space (19) available for the sheath. To save material, these ribs are hollow so that the thickness of the bottom wall does not vary, or only very little, over its entire extension. The ribs extend transversely, that is to say parallel to the side walls (122). In addition, or alternatively, one or more longitudinal bosses can be provided, that is to say parallel to the side walls. More generally, the stiffening means can take other forms. In the examples presented in the figures, the bosses are arranged every 6°, relative to the center of the arc of a circle defining the curvature of the bottom wall. They have a height of 15 mm for example.

In order to ensure a better seal between the case and the segment, and to prevent water from penetrating at the interface between these two elements, it is planned in an alternative embodiment to place a hydro-inflatable seal ( 123a) on the exterior face of the belt (12). This joint is especially useful when the kit (100) is in direct contact with the segment reinforcement. For this, we can provide on the exterior face of the belt (12) a first circular groove (123) going completely around the belt. This first groove (123) can have a depth of around one millimeter. To prevent the hydroinflatable seal from inflating prematurely in a humid environment during storage, it is preferable to place it in the groove (123) not when assembling the kit, but only on the segment manufacturing site, before putting the kit (100) into the mold.

Likewise, to ensure a seal between the covers of the segment mold and the case when the mold is closed and the concrete is injected into the mold, it is preferable to provide a molding seal (131a) going around the housing (19). In the example presented here, the molding seal (131a) is placed in a second groove (131) made on the upper face of the case flange (13), a face which is in the extension of the interior face of the housing (19). This avoids the penetration of concrete laitance into the kit (100) during concreting of the segment. The molding seal is for example a foam seal with a section of 15 x 5 mm. The groove (131) has for example a depth of one millimeter.

To ensure good anchoring of the kit (100) in the segment (9), it is preferable to provide anchoring means. These anchoring means can be produced in the form of undercuts (121a) located for example in the longitudinal walls (121) of the belt. These undercuts can extend over the entire length (or almost) of the longitudinal walls, or be placed only in certain locations of these longitudinal walls. During molding, the concrete forms behind the undercut a sort of anchor which prevents the kit (100) from coming out of the segment, in particular when it is oriented with its face provided with the kit (100) directed downwards.

In order to be able to inject a cement grout, or any other suitable material, into the sheath to form the sealing barrier between the ring of segments and the wall (8) of the gallery, it is necessary to provide an injection device ( 3) which opens into the sheath (2) and which forms an injection conduit. This injection device is constituted in the example presented in the figures, in particular at figure 5b , a first part (31, 32) mounted on the case during its assembly, and a second part (34, 35) mounted on the first before its installation in the voussoir mold.

The first part of the injection device comprises an injection sleeve (31) whose upper part (311) opens into the housing (19) and into the sheath (2) passing through the bore (111), and whose lower part (312) projects downwards from the outer face of the bottom wall (11). A shoulder (313) serves as a support on the exterior face of the bottom wall and prevents the injection sleeve from penetrating further into the housing (19) and the sheath (2). The upper part (311) is provided with an external thread. The injection sleeve (31) is fixed to the bottom wall (11) by a nut ring (32) placed in the sheath and provided with an internal thread corresponding to the external thread of the upper part (311) of the injection sleeve. The nut ring (32) is provided in the lower part with a ring flange (321) which serves to block the sheath (2) as will be explained below.

It is understood that the opening of the sheath is in fluid communication with the drilling of the case via the injection sleeve (31) and the nut ring (32).

A non-return valve (33) can be provided. It can for example be screwed into the injection socket (31) which will therefore be provided with an internal thread. The check valve shown as an example in the figures is of the elastomeric plastic valve type.

If the injection sleeve (31) is too short and its free end opposite the bottom wall (11) cannot be flush with the intrados of the segment, a gripping sleeve (34) can be placed on this free end of the injection sleeve (31) before placing the kit (100) in the segment mold. The free end of the gripping sleeve, the end opposite the injection sleeve, is located at the level of the lower surface (92) of the segment (9). A recess can surround this end to facilitate its access while allowing it not to protrude from the intrados (92) of the segment. A firefighter sheath (35) can be placed to line the exterior face of the injection socket (31) which projects under the bottom wall (11). It makes it possible to create the interface between the injection sleeve (31) and the gripping sleeve (34). Additional fixing means, in particular in the form of clamps such as Serflex ^® , can be added between the injection sleeve and the gripping sleeve to ensure their maintenance. The gripping sleeve may only be attached to the injection sleeve when the kit is placed in the segment mold. However, the injection sleeve (31) and the nut ring (32) should be installed when assembling the kit. The injection devices are studied and adapted to each configuration and design of segments.

The kit is pre-assembled before being delivered to the segment molding site. The pre-assembled kit is provided with a sheath (2) placed in the housing (19) of the case (1). The sheath (2) generally consists of a fabric tube, for example polyamide, closed at both ends and provided with an opening for injecting the cement grout. To fit in the housing, the sheath can be folded like an accordion all along its length. To facilitate the deployment of the sheath, it is for example flattened and its two longitudinal edges (21) are pleated like an accordion, forming two bellows with several folds as is clearly visible on the figure 4a . The folds are held in shape by retaining means which can easily yield under the pressure of the cement grout injected into the sheath. These retaining means can consist, for example, of wires to break (22). To ensure good contact between two successive sheaths filled with cement grout, the sheaths are generally slightly longer than the cases, especially when the cases are themselves shorter than the voussoirs (9) as is the case in the cases. examples presented here. In this case, it is preferable that the ends of the sheath folded in an accordion are themselves folded in an accordion, forming end bellows (27) as is clearly visible on the figure 4b .

The sheath is fixed to the case by fixing means. These fixing means are constituted in this example by a ^Velcro® type hook-and-loop strip (23). For example, the hook strip (231) can be attached to the case by gluing, while the velvet strip (232) can be sewn to the underside (24) of the folded sheath which faces the bottom wall (11). Other means of fixing can be considered, such as gluing, fixing by eyelet strip, clipping, etc. The sheath folded and fixed in the case is entirely contained in the housing, without being flush, that is to say without protruding from the open edge of the housing of the case.

A protective strip (26) can be fixed, for example sewn, on the upper face (25) of the folded sheath which faces the opening of the kit. This protective strip is used to protect the fabric of the sheath when the scales of the tunnel boring machine pass by and to prevent it from tearing. It also protects the sheath from abrasive rock during the injection of cement grout. The protective strip (26) is made for example from a truck tarpaulin type fabric. Rather than being sewn onto the sheath, the protective strip can be removably attached to the case by clipping, hook-and-loop tape or any other suitable means. In such a case for example, it would be possible to dispense with the means for fixing the sheath (2) in the case. Rather than a protective strip, or even preferably in addition to the protective strip, a cover (5) can be used which closes the cavity (19) at the open edge. This cover can be attached to the case by any appropriate means. It can be fixed for example by rivets supplemented if necessary with an adhesive. It can also be glued or welded to the case, in particular heat-sealed. It can also be made up of a flap forming an integral part of the case. This cover is preferably pre-cut before placing the segment in the tunnel to allow it to open during the sheath filling operation. This pre-cut can be carried out for example with a cutter. It is also possible to provide pre-cuts which give way under pressure when filling the sheath. Another solution consists of dimensioning at least part of the fixing means so that they are sufficiently weak to allow them to give way during the injection of the material filling the sheath. This cover (5) has several functions. First of all, it prevents any penetration of the concrete during molding of the segment. During storage, handling and transport of the prefabricated kit (100) then the segment, it protects the sheath from any risk of deterioration linked to bad weather and poor handling. The cover finally offers protection of the sheath during the passage of the tunnel boring machine scales.

The opening in the sheath (2) is provided for the passage of the upper part (311) of the injection sleeve (31). The nut ring (32) is placed inside the sheath and presses with its ring flange (321) on the edge of the opening of the sheath as is clearly visible on the figure 5b .

The case (1), the sheath (2) folded and fixed to the case, as well as the injection sleeve (31) fixed with the nut ring (32) together form a preassembled assembly: the kit (100) . Such kits can be delivered to the sites where the segments are molded. It is much easier to place the sheath in the housing of a case when the operator is in a workshop, than to ask the workers responsible for molding the segments or their assembly in the tunnel tube to put it in an engraving made in the center of an already molded voussoir. In addition, the pre-assembled kit (100) constitutes a relatively light part that a single operator can move manually during handling or to place it in the mold. If necessary, the help of a second operator can be adapted if the case is very flexible or very long, for example. The case can therefore be handled using the operator's muscular strength alone without using a lifting tool.

A segment is generally provided with a frame (94) around which concrete is poured. This frame is generally metallic, but it can also be made of other materials, and in particular composite material. In the current zone, the cover, that is to say the thickness of concrete between the upper surface of the segment and the reinforcement, is of the order of 60 mm. This coating thickness is variable and depends in particular on the country, the exposure of the tunnel, regulations, etc. When the sheath is placed in the traditional way in an engraving, this must not be too deep to leave a sufficient thickness of concrete between the bottom of the groove and the reinforcement. With the invention, it is possible to place the case directly on the frame, because the case acts as a protective barrier. The infiltration of water into the gap between the case (1, 1', 1") and the recess formed in the segment by the case is accentuated by the phenomenon of post-shrinkage of the concrete. The joint d The hydroinflatable seal has the advantage of being able to adapt over time. Thanks to the case and the seal, it is therefore possible to have a deeper housing than with an engraving. state of the art such as that described in CN 214499063 U , it is necessary to modify the reinforcement at the level of the engraving receiving the sheath in order to maintain the coating thickness of several centimeters imposed by the regulations to protect the reinforcement. On the contrary, the use of the case of the invention does not require any modification of this reinforcement, because the case forms a waterproof protective layer which protects the reinforcing cage against corrosion as would the concrete coating much thicker. The case can therefore be placed directly on the reinforcement cage.

Before molding, if necessary, mount the gripping sleeve (34) and the firefighter sheath (35) to provide a conduit for injecting cement into the sheath. Likewise, the hydroinflatable seal (123a) must be placed in the groove (123) if this is not already done. For molding the segment, the frame (94) is placed in the mold, the kit (100) is then placed resting on the frame as is clearly visible for example on the figure 5a . The kit supports the frame (94) with its bosses (113) which not only play the role of stiffening means, but also that of a spacer. The kit can be attached to the frame (94) to prevent it from moving in the mold during concrete injection. The mold covers are closed on either side of the kit by pressing sufficiently tightly on the molding seal (131a) to prevent concrete slurry from entering the case (1). The concrete is then poured into the mold. After molding, the kit remains anchored to the concrete.

To be able to create the waterproof barrier, it is first necessary to place several segments end to end, each equipped with a kit (100) of the invention, so as to form a ring like the one shown in Figure 7 . Generally, there are at least two different types of voussoirs in such a ring. The ring presented at the Figure 7 includes four voussoirs fitted with a kit made with a large-sized case (1"), and one voussoir fitted with a kit made with a small-sized case (1). After positioning the ring, an arrival of cement grout under pressure (or any other desired filling product) is connected to the free end of the gripping socket (34) which opens into the intrados (92) of the segment (9). is injected into the sheath via the gripping sleeve (34), the injection sleeve (31) and the nut ring (32). The sheath unfolds under the pressure of the cement grout, tearing them off one after the other. wire to break (22) The sheath inflates until it touches the wall (8) of the gallery, the shape of which it follows. This is shown schematically on the figure. figure 6a . When the injected cement grout (29) reaches the ends of the sheath (27), these in turn unfold. The flared shape of the side walls (122) of the case facilitates deployment of the ends of the sheath. These ends extend towards the lateral ends of the segment and come into contact with the already filled end of the sheath of the adjacent segment so as to ensure the continuity of the waterproofing barrier. There figure 6b schematically represents this situation. After filling the sheath, the pressurized cement grout inlet is removed and a sealing plug can be placed in the injection socket or the gripping socket, in particular by screwing.

It is also possible to provide a secondary inspection and injection device which makes it possible, on the one hand, to inspect the overlapping zones between two successive filled sheaths, and on the other hand, to inject a material to fill any possible defects in the material. deployment of ducts. The material to be injected can be cement grout, resin, polyurethane foam, or any other suitable material. The secondary inspection and injection device may consist of at least one, preferably two, secondary pipes (41) preferably arranged outside the case. The first end of the secondary conduits opens onto the lower surface of the segment preferably to the right of the gripping socket (34), and the second end opens onto the upper surface of the segment at the ends of the case, in the area where the sheaths.

Those skilled in the art understand that the kit could consist of a very simple case (1") consisting only of a bottom wall (11") and a belt (12"), without bossing and/or without holster flange (13"). Likewise, it would be possible to do without the hydro-inflatable seal and the molding seal. It would also be possible to dispense with the grooves (123, 131) for the joints and place them on their respective walls without any particular measures.

The case can be made of thermoformed plastic. Generally, a thickness of around 5 mm is sufficient. Other materials are however possible, in particular water-repellent cardboard, metal such as galvanized sheets or metal profiles, wood, plywood or chipboard, by 3D printing, etc. For a tube with a radius of 2,450 mm, two types of cases can be provided, one having an angular longitudinal extension of 36.8° and the other an angular longitudinal extension of 80.8° ¹ , and two types corresponding segments. When the longitudinal extension of the case is quite large, it may be useful for the case (1') to be in two pieces (1'a, 1'b) assembled together. This is for example the case of the case (1') represented in figure 2 .
¹ To be confirmed.

The invention is presented here using the example of a tunnel. The kit could however be used for other applications which require the formation of a barrier in a space located between two adjacent walls by means of a sheath to be filled from the outside with a product to be injected. For example, it could be two building walls. The product to be injected is not necessarily cement grout or concrete. It may be a plastic material or an expanding foam for example. Rather than forming a barrier, the deployed and injected sheath can be used to wedge one part into the other for example (capping sheath).

The advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the sheath is pre-installed at the factory and the kit is ready for use. Its installation in the segment mold does not impact the manufacturing rate, quite the contrary, because the delicate installation of the sheath in the engraving is eliminated. Pre-installation in the workshop makes it possible to define the implementation procedures, in an industrial and monitored manner. Staff are trained in these operations.

List of references

100

Device for creating a barrier / Kit

1, 1', 1''

Housing Case
11 Back wall
111 Drilling
112 Recess
113 Bosses
12 Belt
121 Longitudinal walls
121a Anchoring means / Undercut
122 Side walls
123 Groove for hydroinflatable seal
123a Hydro-inflatable seal
13 Case flange
131 Groove for molding joint
131a Molding joint
19 Housing

2

Sheath
21 Pleated gusset side edges
22 Retaining means / Wires to break)
23 Fixing means / Hook and loop strip
231 First hook and loop strip / Hook strip)
232 Second hook-and-loop strip / Velor strip)
24 Underside of the accordion-folded sheath
25 Upper face of the accordion-folded sheath
26 Protective strip
27 Side edges of the accordion-folded sheath
29 Injected cement grout

3

Injection device
31 Injection sleeve
311 Upper part of the injection sleeve
312 Lower part of the injection sleeve
313 Shoulder
32 Ring nut
321 Ring flask
33 Non-return valve
34 Grip sleeve
35 Firefighter Sheath

4

Secondary inspection and injection device
41 Secondary pipes

5

Lid

8

Gallery wall

9

Yousoir
91 Extrados of the segment
92 Intrados of the segment
93 Obviously left by the case
94 Frame

Claims (17)

Device for creating a barrier between a first wall (9) and a second wall (8) by introducing a filling material (29) into a sheath (2), characterized in that the device is a pre-assembled kit (100). including - a case (1, 1', 1") provided with a housing (19) having a cavity open on one side and delimited by an open edge; - at least one hole (111) passing through the bottom of the housing; And - a sheath (2) closed and placed in the housing (19), the sheath being provided with at least one opening in fluid communication with said at least one bore (111), the dimensions of the sheath being chosen so that before filling it can be entirely contained in the housing without flushing, and after filling, the sheath protrudes from the housing; the pre-assembled kit (100) being sized to be handled by hand by one or two operators without lifting tools. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-assembled kit (100) is capable of being placed in a mold for an element prefabricated by molding (9) such that the housing (19) is open towards the outside of the element prefabricated by molding (9). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sheath (2) is fixed to the case (1) by fixing means, preferably by a Velcro ^® type hook-and-loop strip (23). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the case (1, 1', 1") is provided with a bottom wall (11) and a belt (12) consisting of two longitudinal walls (121) and two side walls (122), - the longitudinal walls (121) preferably forming a substantially right angle with the bottom wall (11), and/or - the side walls (122) preferably forming an obtuse angle with the bottom wall (11); - a seal (123a) preferably being provided on the exterior face of the belt going around the belt (12), and/or - a groove (123) preferably being made in the exterior face of the belt (12) to place a seal (123a). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a case flange (13) is provided around the open edge of the housing (19), - a molding seal (131a) being preferably placed on the upper face of the case flange (13) located in the extension of the interior face of the housing, said molding seal going around the case flange, - said molding seal (131a) being preferably placed in a groove (131) made on the upper face of the case flange (13). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that stiffening means are provided to stiffen the case (1, 1'), the stiffening means being preferably produced in the form of bosses made on the exterior face of the housing of the case, in particular on the exterior face of a bottom wall (11) of the housing. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that anchoring means are provided for anchoring the case in a prefabricated element obtained by molding, the anchoring means preferably consisting of one or more undercuts made in the case. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bore (111) is made in a recess (112) of the housing facing outwards, preferably a recess (112) of a bottom wall (11) housing. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an injection pipe (3) is provided, the first end of which opens into the bore (111) and the other end of which projects out of the case (1, 1', 1"), a check valve (33) which can be provided in the injection line. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the injection pipe comprises - an injection sleeve (31) of which a first part (311) passes through the bore (111) and the opening of the sheath (2) so that it projects into it, and of which a second part (312 ) projects out of the case (1, 1', 1") on the side opposite the open edge of the housing (19); and - a ring, preferably a nut ring (32), located inside the sheath (2) and fixed, preferably by screwing, to the first part (311) of the injection sleeve, - the ring preferably being provided with a ring flange (321) to wedge the edge of the opening of the sheath against the bottom of the housing (19). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sheath (2) is constituted by a tubular piece of flexible material, preferably fabric, closed at its two ends, - the sheath (2) being preferably folded, in particular over its entire length so as to form at least one bellows, preferably two bellows (21), and in that - each bellows is preferably held in place by retaining means which can easily break under the effect of a product injected into the sheath, in particular by breaking wires (22); and or - the ends of the sheath are preferably folded to form an end bellows (27). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a protective strip (26) is provided on the sheath (2) to protect it when it is placed in the housing (19). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (19) is closed by a cover (5), said cover being able to be fixed to the case (1, 1', 1") by fixing means , and/or said cover (5) can be provided with pre-cuts capable of giving way when filling the sheath. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is intended for a tunnel segment (9), and in that the housing has a longitudinal extension and a transverse extension, the longitudinal extension of the bottom of the housing having an arc shape concentric with the arc of a circle forming the upper surface of the voussoir for which it is intended, and in that the opening of the housing, and a flange (13) surrounding the opening of the housing (19) when there is one, has/have the same shape as the upper surface of the segment for which the device is intended. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it is placed in the upper surface of a segment (9), preferably with the exterior face of the bottom of the case (1, 1', 1") in contact with the reinforcement (94) of the segment. Method for manufacturing a prefabricated element obtained by molding and provided with a device according to one of claims 1 to 15, in particular for manufacturing a segment (9) for a tunnel, the prefabricated element having at least one face (91) on which opens the housing and a second face (92), characterized in that - the preassembled device (100) according to one of the preceding claims is prepared by providing the preassembled device, if it is not already equipped with one, - an injection pipe - a first end of which opens into the bore (111) of the case and is in fluid communication with the opening of the sheath, and - the second end of which is sufficiently far from the case (1, 1', 1") to be able to open onto the second face (92) of the prefabricated element; and - if desired, a seal (123a) placed on the exterior face of the case, in particular in a circular groove (123) made around the case, the seal (123a) preferably being a hydro-inflatable seal; - the device (100) is placed in a mold so that its housing (19) and the second end of the injection pipe (3) are not in contact with the interior of the mold, - the mold is closed, - the material making up the prefabricated element is injected or poured into the mold, - the mold is opened and the prefabricated element provided with the device anchored therein is taken out of the mold. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the injection pipe is produced by fixing a gripping sleeve (34) on an injection sleeve (31) already included in the preassembled device, and/or in that if the pre-assembled kit (100) is provided with a cover (5), the cover preferably being pre-cut before the injection of the material into the mold.

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