EP4378047A1 - Procédé de compensation de la résistance interne d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie et système de compensation de la résistance interne - Google Patents

Procédé de compensation de la résistance interne d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie et système de compensation de la résistance interne

Info

Publication number
EP4378047A1
EP4378047A1 EP22741730.0A EP22741730A EP4378047A1 EP 4378047 A1 EP4378047 A1 EP 4378047A1 EP 22741730 A EP22741730 A EP 22741730A EP 4378047 A1 EP4378047 A1 EP 4378047A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
energy storage
battery pack
internal resistance
cell
electrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22741730.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mickael Segret
Patrick Roeder
Christoph Klee
Andreas GONSER
Andreas Friese
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP4378047A1 publication Critical patent/EP4378047A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for compensating for an internal resistance of an energy store and a system for compensating for the internal resistance according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • a large number of electrical consumers is operated with rechargeable Energyspei chern, which are discharged accordingly by the electrical consumer and can be recharged using a charger.
  • energy storage devices consist of a plurality of energy storage cells connected in series and/or in parallel in order to achieve a required operating voltage or capacity. If the energy storage cells are designed as lithium ion cells (Li-ion), for example, a very high power and energy density can be achieved with particular advantage.
  • Li-ion lithium ion cells
  • Such energy stores or energy storage cells are particularly sensitive to a deep discharge, which can lead to their destruction. It is therefore necessary for the electrical load to monitor the voltage of the energy store and to prevent further discharging when a lower threshold voltage is reached.
  • Each energy storage device has an internal resistance which is connected in series with an ideally resistance-free energy storage cell via a corresponding equivalent circuit diagram. If current is drawn from or supplied to the energy store, a voltage also drops across this internal resistance. This unwanted voltage drop leads to the electrical consumer switching off too early, although the actual voltage of the energy store (OCV: Open Circuit Voltage) would still be sufficient for further operation. That's why it is It is known to compensate for the internal resistance of the energy store in such a way that the electrical consumer calculates the voltage drop at the internal resistance with its knowledge by means of a monitoring unit and derives a new switch-off threshold therefrom. The problem, however, is that the internal resistance is very dependent on the temperature of the energy store or the energy store cell. The characteristic of the course of the internal resistance over the temperature is significantly influenced by the cell chemistry, which is different for different cell types.
  • a first of the electrical contacts of the interfaces is designed as a power supply contact that can be charged with a first reference potential, preferably a supply potential, and a second of the electrical contacts of the interfaces is designed as a power supply contact that can be charged with a second reference potential, preferably a ground potential.
  • exchangeable battery packs can be equipped with very different energy storage cells, which have very different internal resistances and temperature characteristics.
  • DE 102016209822.5 discloses a solution in which the internal resistance of a replaceable battery pack is transmitted to the electrical consumer via a third contact of the electromechanical interface designed as a signal or data contact, depending on a temperature measured in the replaceable battery pack.
  • the signal or data contact can also be used to estimate the internal resistance based on a coding resistor installed in the replaceable battery pack and a look-up table stored in the electrical consumer.
  • the internal resistance in an electrical consumer or charging device connected to the energy storage device is compensated for on the basis of an exponentially decreasing approximation, the course of which depends on the temperature and the cell chemistry of the at least one energy storage cell.
  • the method according to the invention is achieved by a system consisting of at least one energy store designed as a removable battery pack and an electrical consumer for discharging the removable battery pack and/or a Charger performed for charging the removable battery pack, the Wech selakkupack, the electrical consumers and the charger each having an electro-mechanical interface with a plurality of electrical contacts.
  • a first of the electrical contacts of the interface serves as a power supply contact that can be charged with a first reference potential, preferably a supply potential
  • a second of the electrical contacts of the interface as a power supply contact that can be charged with a second reference potential, preferably a ground potential
  • a third of the electrical contacts the interface as a signal or data contact for the transmission of the data necessary for the calculation of the exponentially decreasing approximation.
  • Electrical consumers in the context of the invention should be understood to mean, for example, electric tools operated with an energy store, in particular a replaceable battery pack, for machining workpieces using an electrically driven insert tool.
  • the power tool can be designed both as an electric hand tool and as a stationary electric tool machine.
  • Typical power tools in this context are handheld or drill presses, screwdrivers, impact drills, hammer drills, planers, angle grinders, orbital sanders, polishers, circular, table, crosscut and jigsaws or the like.
  • garden and construction equipment such as lawn mowers, grass trimmers, branch saws, motor and trench cutters, robot breaker and excavator or the like as well as household appliances such as vacuum cleaners, mixers, etc., which are operated with an energy storage device, in particular a replaceable battery pack, can also be used as electrical consumers .
  • the invention can also be applied to electrical consumers that are simultaneously supplied with a plurality of exchangeable battery packs.
  • the voltage of an energy store is usually a multiple of the voltage of an individual energy storage cell and results from the interconnection (in parallel or in series) of the individual energy storage cells.
  • An energy storage cell is typically formed as a galvanic cell having a structure in which one cell pole is at one end and another cell pole is at an opposite end.
  • the energy storage cher cell has a positive cell pole at one end and a negative cell pole at an opposite end.
  • the energy storage cells are preferably designed as lithium-based energy storage cells, eg Li-ion, Li-Po, Li-metal or the like.
  • the invention can also be used for energy stores with Ni-Cd, Ni-MH cells or other suitable cell types.
  • the invention is not dependent on the type and design of the energy storage cells used, but can be applied to any energy storage and energy storage cells, for example pouch cells or the like in addition to round cells.
  • the exponentially decreasing approximation is designed in such a way that it lies below correspondingly actually measured values of the internal resistance of the at least one energy storage cell for a majority, in particular for all, temperature values. This ensures that the real internal resistance is greater than or equal to the calculated values in order to enable reliable compensation.
  • the at least two parameters for specific temperature values are stored in a look-up table of a memory of the energy store. In this way, on the one hand, a very precise approximation of the internal resistance is possible, while on the other hand only a small amount of storage space is required in the memory of the energy storage device for storing the parameters.
  • the temperature of the energy storage device and/or the energy storage cell is measured, with a parameter value of the at least two parameters being sent to the electrical consumer or the charging device depending on the measured temperature value is transferred.
  • the transmission capacity of the signal or data contact of the electromechanical interface can be spared in order to possibly transmit further operating parameters or to verify the communication.
  • the method according to the invention provides that an approximation value of the internal resistance is calculated on the basis of the at least two transmitted parameter values for the measured temperature value.
  • a load current is measured in the electrical consumer or in the charger and, based on the measured load current, the calculated approximation value and a known no-load cut-off voltage of the energy storage cell, a cut-off voltage is calculated using the relationship
  • Ustop UstopOC - Rapp(Ti) I calculated.
  • the known no-load cut-off voltage of the energy storage cell is preferably 2.5 volts. The operation of the electrical consumer or the charging process of the charger is stopped when a measured cell voltage of the energy storage cell exceeds the calculated switch-off voltage.
  • a first parameter is in the range from 1 to 100, in particular from 20 to 50
  • a second parameter in the range from 0.01 to 0.1, in particular from 0.03 to 0.06
  • a third parameter in the range from 1 to 60, in particular from 5 to 30. In this way the dimension of the look-up table can be minimized.
  • the exponentially falling approximation is formed by a plurality of straight lines, each Is precisely defined by two parameter values, each resulting from a pair of values of a temperature value and the associated internal resistance of the energy storage cell.
  • the plurality of straight lines is particularly advantageously 2 to 100, in particular 3 to 7.
  • the number of parameter values to be stored or transmitted can be reduced if one of the two parameter values of two adjacent straight lines is identical. Thus, for N straight lines, only N+1 parameter values are required.
  • two associated parameter values are then selected from the look-up table on the basis of the measured temperature value and an approximation value via the relationship
  • Show it 1 a system comprising at least one energy store designed as a replaceable battery pack and at least one charger that can be connected to the replaceable battery pack for charging or an electrical consumer that can be connected to the replaceable battery pack for discharging the replaceable battery pack in a schematic representation,
  • Fig. 2 a block diagram of the system from Figure 1,
  • Fig. 5 a diagram of an inventive, exponentially decreasing approximation of the internal resistance of the energy store in a second embodiment
  • FIG. 1 shows an energy store 11 designed as a replaceable battery pack 10 with an electromechanical interface 14 having a plurality of electrical contacts 12 .
  • the charging device 16 and the electrical loads 18 each have a further electromechanical interface 20 having a plurality of electrical contacts 12 .
  • FIG. 1 is intended to illustrate that the invention is suitable for various electrical loads 18 .
  • a battery-powered vacuum cleaner 22, a battery-powered impact wrench 24 and a battery-powered lawn trimmer 26 are examples shown. In the context of the invention, however, a wide variety of power tools, garden tools and household appliances can be used as electrical consumers 18.
  • the invention is equally applicable to electrical consumers 18 that are supplied with an energy store 11 designed as a replaceable battery pack 10 or as a permanently integrated battery (not shown).
  • the exchangeable battery pack 10 comprises a housing 28 which has the electromechanical interface 14 for detachable connection to the further electromechanical interface 20 of the charger 16 or the electrical consumer 18 on a side wall or on its upper side 30 .
  • the electromechanical interfaces 14 serve to detachable connection to the further electromechanical interface 20 of the charger 16 or the electrical consumer 18 on a side wall or on its upper side 30 .
  • the electromechanical interfaces 14 serve to detachable connection to the further electromechanical interface 20 of the charger 16 or the electrical consumer 18 on a side wall or on its upper side 30 .
  • the electromechanical interfaces 14 serve
  • the electromechanical interfaces 14, 20 primarily for discharging the removable battery pack 10, while they are used in conjunction with the charger 16 to charge the removable battery pack 10.
  • the precise design of the electromechanical interfaces 14, 20 depends on various factors, such as the voltage class of the removable battery pack 10 or the electrical load 18 and various manufacturer specifications. For example, three or more electrical contacts 12 can be provided for energy and/or data transmission between the replaceable battery pack 10 and the charger 16 or the electrical load 18.
  • a mechanical coding is also conceivable, so that the replaceable battery pack 10 can only be operated on specific electrical loads 18 . Since the mechanical configuration of the electromechanical interface 14 of the exchangeable battery pack 10 and the further electromechanical interface 20 of the charging device 16 or of the electrical consumer 18 is irrelevant for the invention, it should not be discussed further in detail here. Both a specialist and an operator of the exchangeable battery pack 10 and the charging device 16 or the electrical consumer's 18 will make the appropriate selection in this regard.
  • the replaceable battery pack 10 has a mechanical locking device 32 for locking the positively and/or non-positively releasable connection of the electromechanical interface 14 of the replaceable battery pack 10 to the corresponding mating interface 20 (not shown in detail) of the electrical load 18.
  • the locking device 32 designed as a spring-loaded pusher 34, which is operatively connected to a locking member 36 of the exchangeable battery pack 10 . Due to the springiness of the pusher 34 and/or the locking member 36, the locking device 32 automatically engages when the removable battery pack 10 is inserted into the counter-interface 20 of the electrical load 18. If an operator presses the handle 34 in the direction of insertion, the lock is released and the operator can remove or eject the replaceable battery pack 10 from the electrical load 18 counter to the direction of insertion.
  • the battery voltage of the exchangeable battery pack 10 usually results from a multiple of the individual voltages of the energy storage cells (see FIG. 2) depending on how they are connected (in parallel or in series).
  • the energy storage cells are preferably lithium-based energy storage cells, e.g. Li-Ion, Li-Po, Li-Metal or the like.
  • the invention can also be used for removable battery packs with Ni-Cd, Ni-MH cells or other suitable cell types.
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram consisting of the energy store 11 designed as a replaceable battery pack 10 on the left-hand side and a charging device 16 or electrical consumer 18 on the right-hand side.
  • the exchangeable battery pack 10 and the charger 16 or the electrical consumer 18 have the mutually corresponding electromechanical interfaces 14 and 20 with a plurality of electrical contacts 12, with a first of the electrical contacts 12 of the interfaces 14, 20 being connected to a first Reference potential Vi, preferably a supply potential V + , energy supply contact 38 that can be acted upon, and a second of the electrical contacts 12 of the interfaces 14, 20 as an energy supply contact 40 that can be acted upon with a second reference potential V2, preferably a ground potential GND.
  • the first and the second power supply contact 38, 40 of the removable battery pack 10 can be charged on the one hand by the charger 16 with a charging current and on the other hand by the electrical consumer cher 18 are discharged with a discharge current.
  • the current strengths of charging and discharging current can differ significantly from each other.
  • the discharge current can be up to 10 times higher than the charging current of the charger 16 with appropriately designed electrical consumers 18.
  • the replaceable battery pack 10 has a plurality of energy storage cells 42, which are shown in Figure 2 as a series circuit, but alternatively or additionally can also be operated in a parallel circuit, with the series circuit supplying the voltage U ßatt des Removable battery packs 10 defined, while a parallel switching device of individual energy storage cells 42 increases the capacity of the removable battery packs 10 primarily.
  • individual cell clusters consisting of energy storage cells 42 connected in parallel can also be connected in series in order to achieve a specific voltage U.sub.Batt of the exchangeable battery pack with a simultaneously increased capacity.
  • the capacity of common exchangeable battery packs can be 10 to 12 Ah or more.
  • the invention does not depend on the design, voltage, power supply capability, etc. of the energy storage cells 42 used, but can be applied to any exchangeable battery pack 10 and energy storage cell 42.
  • An SCM preliminary stage 44 (single cell monitoring) is provided for monitoring the individual energy storage cells 42 or cell cluster of the exchangeable battery pack 10 connected in series.
  • the SCM preliminary stage 44 has a multiplexer measuring device 46 which can be connected to corresponding taps 50 of the poles of the energy storage cells 42 or cell cluster via filter resistors 48 with high impedance.
  • the term energy storage cell should also include the cell cluster, as this only affects the capacity of the removable battery pack 10 have, but have the same cell voltage Uceii.
  • the filter resistors 50 which are designed in particular to have a high resistance, can prevent dangerous heating of the measuring inputs of the multiplexer measuring device 46.
  • the multiplexer measuring device 46 can be switched over via a monitoring unit 52 integrated in the exchangeable battery pack 10 or also directly within the SCM preliminary stage 44 .
  • switching elements 54 of the SCM preliminary stage 44 that are connected in parallel with the energy storage cells 42 can be closed or opened in this way in order in this way to achieve a so-called balancing of the energy storage cells 42 to achieve uniform charging or discharging states of the individual energy storage cells 42 cause.
  • the SCM preliminary stage 44 forwards the measured cell voltages Uceii to the monitoring unit 52, so that the actual measurement of the cell voltages Uceii is carried out directly by the monitoring unit 52, for example via a corresponding analog-to-digital converter (ADC).
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • the monitoring unit 52 can be designed as an integrated circuit in the form of a microprocessor, ASICs, DSPs or the like. It is also conceivable that the monitoring unit 52 consists of a plurality of microprocessors or at least partially of discrete components with appropriate transistor logic. In addition, the first monitoring unit 52 has a memory 55 for storing operating parameters of the replaceable battery pack 10, such as the voltage Ußatt, the cell voltages Uceii, a temperature T, the load current I or the like.
  • the charging device 16 or the electrical load 18 also has a monitoring unit 56 which can be designed in accordance with the monitoring unit 52 of the exchangeable battery pack 10 .
  • the monitoring unit 56 controls a load 58 which is connected to the first and the second energy supply contact 38, 40 of the further interface 20 and to which the exchangeable battery pack voltage Ußatt is present.
  • the load 58 can be designed, for example, as a power output stage, which changes the speed and/or torque of an electric motor with a pulse width modulated signal applied, which has a direct impact on the load current I of the exchangeable battery pack 10 has.
  • another load converting power 58 is also conceivable. Numerous variants of possible electrical or electromechanical loads are known to a person skilled in the art, so that there is no need to go into further detail here.
  • the replaceable battery pack 10 plugged into a charger 16 can be charged with the load current I and the voltage Ußatt corresponding to the replaceable battery pack 10 .
  • the charging device 16 or its mains part 60 is provided with a mains connection, not shown.
  • the voltage Ußatt present at the energy supply contacts 38, 40 can be measured via a voltage measuring device 62 in the charger 16 and evaluated by the monitoring unit 56.
  • the voltage measuring device 62 can also be fully or partially integrated in the monitoring unit 56 of the charging device 16, for example in the form of an integrated ADC.
  • the exact configuration of the power pack 60 of the charging device 16 is known to the person skilled in the art and is of secondary importance for the invention. Therefore, it will not be discussed further here.
  • the removable battery pack 10 temperature sensor 64 which is preferably designed as an NTC and is in close thermal contact with at least one of the energy storage cells 42.
  • the temperature T measured in this way can be detected by means of a measuring circuit 66 integrated in the replaceable battery pack 10 and evaluated by the monitoring unit 52 of the replaceable battery pack 10 .
  • the measured temperature T can also be transmitted via a contact 12 of the electromechanical interfaces 14, 20 designed as a signal or data contact 68 to the charging device 16 or the electrical load 18 for evaluation by means of the monitoring unit 56 located there.
  • the removable battery pack 10 has at least one first switching element 70, which is controlled by the Monitoring unit 52 can be closed to interrupt the load current I and opened to enable the load current I.
  • the at least one first switching element 70 is arranged in the ground path (low side) between the second contact 12 embodied as a power supply contact 40 of the electromechanical interface 14 and a ground contact point 62 of the SCM precursor 44 .
  • the at least one first switching element 70 it is also conceivable for the at least one first switching element 70 to be arranged in the supply path (high side) between the first contact 12 designed as an energy supply contact 38 and the tap 50 of the SCM preliminary stage 44 designed as a supply contact point.
  • At least one first switching element 70 can be provided both in the supply path and in the ground path.
  • the at least one first switching element 70 is preferably configured as a MOSFET.
  • other switching elements such as a relay, an IGBT, a bipolar transistor or the like are also conceivable.
  • the replaceable battery pack 10 or its energy storage cells 42 has an internal resistance R, which leads to an unwanted voltage drop, so that the electrical consumer 18 would switch off too early, although the open circuit voltage of the energy storage is still sufficient for another operation would be.
  • the internal resistance R of the replaceable battery pack 10 must therefore be compensated in such a way that the electrical load 18, knowing this, uses the monitoring unit 56 to calculate the voltage drop Uceii at the internal resistance R, taking into account a currently measured temperature value T and the cell chemistry of the energy storage cell 42, and calculates a derives a new cut-off voltage Ustop.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of the curve of the internal resistance R of a Li-ion energy storage cell 42 over the temperature T.
  • the points represent actually measured resistance values R as a function of discrete temperature values T while the solid line represents a derived, exponentially decreasing approximation R app (T), the course of which depends on the temperature T and the cell chemistry of the energy storage cell 42 .
  • the three parameters a, b, c are stored in a look-up table in the memory 55 of the monitoring unit 52 of the replaceable battery pack 10 for individual temperature values T1.
  • the first parameter a is preferably in the range from 1 to 100, in particular from 20 to 50
  • the second parameter b in the range from 0.01 to 0.1, in particular from 0.03 to 0.06
  • the third parameter c is in the range from 1 to 60, in particular from 5 to 30.
  • the dimension of the look-up table can thus be minimized accordingly.
  • the parameter values a i , bi , q can also be selected from the outset in such a way that the calculated approximation values R a (Ti ) for all temperature values T i are always below the actually measured values of the internal resistance Ri(T i ). In other words, the line shown in FIG. 3 is then shifted downwards by a certain offset.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of the method based on the exponentially decreasing approximation R a (T) shown in FIG.
  • a first procedural step 74 an operating mode on the electrical load 18 is first entered. provided and the electrical consumer 18 started.
  • the subsequent process step 76 communication is established with the removable battery pack 10 via the signal or data contact 68 of the electromechanical interfaces 14, 20 and the temperature T of the removable battery pack 10 and/or the at least one energy storage cell 42 is measured using the temperature sensor 64 and the measuring device 66 measured.
  • a method step 78 the three parameters a, b, c stored in the memory 55 of the replaceable battery pack 10 are queried and, depending on the measured temperature value T, an associated parameter value a, b, q of the three parameters a, b, c transferred to the electrical load 18's.
  • the approximation value R ap (Ti) of the internal resistance (R) for the measured temperature value T 1 is then calculated by means of the monitoring unit 56 in method step 80 .
  • method steps 76 and 78 are interchanged.
  • communication is first established in method step 76 between the electrical load 18 and the replaceable battery pack 10 via the signal or data contact 68 in order to find all parameter values a, bi, q stored in the look-up table of the memory 55 for the three parameters a, b, c to the monitoring unit 56 of the electrical load 18 to transmit.
  • the temperature T of the replaceable battery pack 10 or the at least one energy storage cell 42 is then first measured and the measured temperature value T is transmitted via the signal or data contact 68 to the monitoring unit 56 of the electrical consumer 18 so that the monitoring unit 56 then selects the associated parameter value a,, bi, q.
  • the electrical consumer 18 measures the load current I using the monitoring unit 56 and uses the measured load current I, the approximation value R app (Ti) calculated in method step 80 and a known no-load cut-off voltage Usto oc of the energy storage cell 42 to calculate the cut-off voltage Usto by means of the relationship
  • the known no-load cut-off voltage Us topoc of the energy storage cell 42 can be 2.5 volts, for example. Depending on the type and cell chemistry of the energy storage cell 42, however, deviating no-load cut-off voltages Us top oc are also conceivable.
  • the method according to the invention provides that the exponentially decreasing approximation R ap (T) is formed by a plurality N of straight lines G n , each straight line G n being defined by two parameter values S n ( T n , R n ), S n+i (T n+i , R n+i ), each consisting of a pair of values of a temperature value T n , T n+i and the associated internal resistance R n , R n +i of the energy storage cell 42 result.
  • the exponentially decreasing approximation R ap (T) is formed by a plurality N of straight lines G n , each straight line G n being defined by two parameter values S n ( T n , R n ), S n+i (T n+i , R n+i ), each consisting of a pair of values of a temperature value T n , T n+i and the associated internal resistance R n , R n +i of the energy storage
  • Ss(T 5 , R 5 ) of two adjacent straight lines Gi,..., G 5 are identical, so that the straight lines Gi,..., G 5 are at these interpolation points S 2 (T 2 ,R 2 ),.. ., SeCTs.Rs) cut.
  • N+1 support points In order to calculate the temperature-dependent compensation of the internal resistance R via N straight lines, only N+1 support points must be stored in the memory 55 of the exchangeable battery pack 10 or transmitted to the electrical consumer 18 or the charger 16. Furthermore, the memory requirement in the memory 55 of the exchangeable battery pack 10 and the power demand on the monitoring unit 56 of the electrical consumer 18 or the charger 16 are kept as small as possible if the plurality N of straight lines G n is limited to 2 to 100, particularly preferably to 3 to 7.
  • interpolation points S n (T n , R n ), S n+i (T n+i , R n+i ) are designed in such a way that the calculated straight lines G n are always below for all measured temperature values Ti of the real internal resistance values R of the energy storage cells 42 run. This ensures that the internal resistance R is always greater than or equal to the calculated values in order to achieve reliable compensation.
  • a further advantage of the second embodiment is that non-exponential curve profiles can also be approximated via the straight line G n in order to be able to take into account future cell chemistries with possibly different temperature-dependent resistance profiles.
  • FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of the second embodiment of the method according to the invention for compensating for the internal resistance R of the replaceable battery pack 10 or the at least one energy storage cell 42.
  • the method steps that are identical to the first exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4 have the same reference symbols.
  • an operating mode is first set on the electrical load 18 and the electrical load 18 starts ge.
  • the electrical consumer 18 then establishes communication with the removable battery pack 10 via the signal or data contact 68 of the electromechanical interfaces 14, 20 in order to use the measuring device 66 and the temperature sensor 64 to measure the temperature T of the removable battery pack 10 or the at least one energy storage cell 42 and to transmit the measured temperature value T via the signal or data contact 68 to the monitoring unit 56 of the electrical load 18.
  • the two reference points S n (T n , R n ), S n +i ( T n+ i , R n+i ) selected from the look-up table and transmitted to the electrical consumer 18 .
  • R apP (Ti) Rn + (Rn+l - Rn) * (Ti - Tn) / (T n+1 - T n ).
  • method step 76 communication is first established between the electrical load 18 and the replaceable battery pack 10 via the signal or data contact 68 in order to find all the interpolation points Si(Ti, Ri), S N+ stored in the look-up table of the memory 55 I (T N + I, R N + I) to the moni monitoring unit 56 of the electrical load 18 to transmit.
  • the temperature T of the replaceable battery pack 10 or the at least one energy storage cell 42 is then first measured and the measured temperature value T is transmitted via the signal or data contact 68 to the monitoring unit 56 of the electrical load 18.
  • the monitoring unit 56 selects an associated temperature window T n , T n+i on the basis of the transmitted temperature value T i in order to, in method step 94, on the basis of the associated support points S n (T n , R n ),
  • step 86 a decision is made as to whether the operation of the electrical load 18 must be stopped in step 88 or not. If he doesn't have to be stopped, it jumps

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de compensation de la résistance interne (R) d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie (11), en particulier d'un bloc-batterie remplaçable échangeable (10), comprenant au moins une cellule de stockage d'énergie (42). Selon l'invention, la résistance interne (R) est compensée dans une charge électrique (18) ou un dispositif de charge (16), qui est connecté(e) au dispositif de stockage d'énergie (11), sur la base d'une approximation de déclinaison exponentielle (Rapp(T)), dont la courbe dépend de la température (T) et de la chimie cellulaire de ladite au moins une cellule de stockage d'énergie (42). L'invention concerne en outre un système constitué d'au moins un dispositif de stockage d'énergie (11) conçu sous la forme d'un bloc-batterie remplaçable échangeable (10) et d'une charge électrique (18) destinée à décharger le bloc-batterie remplaçable échangeable (10) et/ou d'un dispositif de charge (16) destiné à charger le bloc-batterie remplaçable échangeable (10). Le bloc-batterie remplaçable échangeable (10), la charge électrique (18) et le dispositif de charge (16) présentent chacun une interface électromécanique (14, 20) avec une pluralité de contacts électriques (12) pour mettre en œuvre le procédé.
EP22741730.0A 2021-07-27 2022-06-30 Procédé de compensation de la résistance interne d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie et système de compensation de la résistance interne Pending EP4378047A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021208096.0A DE102021208096A1 (de) 2021-07-27 2021-07-27 Verfahren zur Kompensation eines Innenwiderstands eines Energiespeichers und System zur Kompensation des Innenwiderstands
PCT/EP2022/068039 WO2023006330A1 (fr) 2021-07-27 2022-06-30 Procédé de compensation de la résistance interne d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie et système de compensation de la résistance interne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4378047A1 true EP4378047A1 (fr) 2024-06-05

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EP22741730.0A Pending EP4378047A1 (fr) 2021-07-27 2022-06-30 Procédé de compensation de la résistance interne d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie et système de compensation de la résistance interne

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US20240333015A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4378047A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN117730463A (fr)
DE (1) DE102021208096A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023006330A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999012044A2 (fr) 1997-09-01 1999-03-11 Batteryguard Limited Temoin de charge de batterie
US7593823B2 (en) * 2006-11-21 2009-09-22 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd Method and device for determining state of battery, and battery power supply system therewith
JP2008253129A (ja) * 2007-03-07 2008-10-16 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd リチウム系二次電池の急速充電方法およびそれを用いる電子機器
DE102007052293A1 (de) 2007-11-02 2009-05-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ladegerät zur Ladung mindestens eines wiederaufladbaren Energiespeichers
JP2014153269A (ja) 2013-02-12 2014-08-25 Toyota Motor Corp 二次電池の検査方法
CN103901349B (zh) 2014-03-11 2016-05-25 江苏大学 一种动力电池组电量计量系统
CN114280376B (zh) 2021-12-08 2024-07-26 上海交通大学宁波人工智能研究院 一种超级电容的等效电路模型及构建方法

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DE102021208096A1 (de) 2023-02-02
US20240333015A1 (en) 2024-10-03
WO2023006330A1 (fr) 2023-02-02
CN117730463A (zh) 2024-03-19

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