EP4374453A1 - Batterie de traction pour véhicule automobile et véhicule automobile équipé d'une telle batterie de traction - Google Patents

Batterie de traction pour véhicule automobile et véhicule automobile équipé d'une telle batterie de traction

Info

Publication number
EP4374453A1
EP4374453A1 EP21773050.6A EP21773050A EP4374453A1 EP 4374453 A1 EP4374453 A1 EP 4374453A1 EP 21773050 A EP21773050 A EP 21773050A EP 4374453 A1 EP4374453 A1 EP 4374453A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
degassing
drive battery
support layer
layer
drive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21773050.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Harsch
Peter Roesch
Julian PATSCHEIDER
Thomas Herrmann
Daniel MECKL
Stefan Ullrich
Nicolas Flahaut
Alexander Rheinfeld
Savo Asanin
Paul Winkler
Moritz Rittereiser
Hadar Sleiman
Martin Mittermaier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of EP4374453A1 publication Critical patent/EP4374453A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • a motor vehicle with an electric drive usually has a drive battery, which has a drive battery housing in which a number of battery modules with battery cells, electrics/electronics and a cooling device are mounted.
  • the traction battery housing is in turn mounted below a floor assembly on a vehicle body.
  • the well-known drive battery housing is made of aluminum, for example, and has side supports, a cover and a base.
  • the side supports are designed, for example, as extruded profiles or cast parts. If necessary, further longitudinal members and cross members are also provided in the battery housing in order to give the drive battery a certain degree of rigidity and resistance to collisions.
  • a known drive battery housing has longitudinal members and several cross members that run between the longitudinal members. Furthermore, the drive battery housing has an upper wall and a lower wall, which are each connected to at least one outer support structure, ie the outer longitudinal members and the outer cross members.
  • the longitudinal beams and also the cross beams are made from extruded profiles.
  • the traction battery case is mounted below a body floor. It is the object of the present invention to create a drive battery or a motor vehicle with such a drive battery, the drive battery forming an underbody of the motor vehicle and, with a flat design, enabling degassing of battery cells and better protecting the battery cells in the event of a ground collision.
  • the drive battery for a motor vehicle has a drive battery housing which has a top wall and a bottom wall.
  • the floor wall at least partially forms an underbody of the motor vehicle.
  • a battery cell layer with a large number of battery cells arranged vertically and next to one another and a support layer, which can also be called degassing layer, spacer layer, collision protection layer or deformation layer, are arranged in the drive battery housing.
  • at least one degassing opening is formed on the side facing the support layer, and each degassing opening is opposite a degassing space, i.e. a recess that can accommodate a specific volume of gas, in the support layer.
  • the support layer creates a certain distance between an underside of the floor wall, which decisively determines the ground clearance of the motor vehicle, so that the battery cell layer is protected in the event of a floor collision. In other words, when driving over a bollard or the like, ie in the event of a collision from below, sufficient deformation space is available.
  • the support layer provides a volume through the degassing openings into which escaping gas from a degassing, defective battery cell can be conducted.
  • the degassing openings of the battery cells are aligned downwards and not in the direction of the cover wall and thus a passenger cell when the drive battery is installed. This allows gases to be better diverted away from the passenger compartment.
  • the support layer is advantageously bonded to the bottom wall—in particular by means of a bottom layer of adhesive—and to the battery cell layer—in particular by means of an upper layer of adhesive—glued, in particular over a large area, ie essentially over its entire adjacent surface. Furthermore, the battery cell layer--in particular by means of an uppermost layer of adhesive--can be glued to the cover wall, in particular over a large area.
  • the battery cell layer is bonded to the cover wall, in particular by means of an upper layer of adhesive, and to the support layer, in particular by means of a lower layer of adhesive, in particular over a large area, i.e. over its entire surface.
  • the support layer is also - glued to the bottom wall - in particular by means of a further layer of adhesive.
  • the battery cells can be designed to be relatively high, as a result of which the storage capacity of the drive battery is increased.
  • the drive battery has high torsional and flexural rigidity overall, so that no further support structure is required within the drive battery. All layers of the drive battery contribute to the rigidity and strength of the drive battery.
  • the drive battery is designed for installation in the motor vehicle in such a way that the cover wall is at the top and the bottom wall is at the bottom. In the installed state, the floor wall thus preferably forms an underbody of the motor vehicle. By gluing the support layer, it contributes to the rigidity and strength of the drive battery despite its deformability.
  • the spacer layer can have degassing spaces that are assigned to a plurality or a whole row of degassing openings.
  • Each degassing space can be formed by a blind hole--the open side of the blind hole being opposite the degassing opening--or a through-hole in the support layer.
  • the support layer with the degassing spaces can be produced easily.
  • a diameter of a degassing space is preferably smaller than a diameter of a battery cell.
  • each degassing space can be fluidically connected to at least one further adjacent degassing space, in particular via a degassing channel.
  • the volume of several degassing chambers can be used to absorb gas when gas escapes from a single battery cell.
  • a degassing space is fluidically connected to at least two adjacent degassing spaces, for example also three, four, five or six adjacent degassing spaces, in particular via corresponding degassing channels.
  • a degassing space is preferably connected to four adjacent degassing spaces in terms of flow mechanics, in particular via degassing channels.
  • the flow-mechanical connection in particular the degassing duct or the degassing ducts, can be formed by at least one groove or multiple grooves in the support layer.
  • the flow-mechanical connection in particular the degassing channel or the degassing channels, is preferably formed on a side of the support layer facing the battery cell layer.
  • the flow-mechanical connection in particular the degassing channel or the degassing channels, can be formed on a side of the support layer facing the base wall.
  • the largest possible support surface of the support layer on the battery cell layer can be provided on the side facing the battery cell layer.
  • the hot gas is advantageously passed on further away from the battery cell layer.
  • the support layer can be made of a structural foam, in particular an expanded polypropylene or a polyurethane foam.
  • Such a structural foam is light, the support layer can be easily manufactured from it, and the structural foam has good deformation and energy absorption properties. Furthermore, a large-area support surface for the battery cell layer can be provided with the structural foam.
  • the structural foam preferably has a closed-cell design.
  • the structural foam preferably has thick-walled structures in the vertical direction of the vehicle, which are preferably formed congruently with a structure of the battery cell layer.
  • the support layer can be formed from a plastic injection molded part.
  • the support layer can be formed by plastic extrusion, i.e. as a plastic extrusion.
  • a plastic injection molded part can easily be produced in large quantities at low cost. This also applies to plastic extrusion.
  • the plastic injection molded part or the plastic extrusion part can have thin-walled structures in the vertical direction of the vehicle, which are preferably formed congruently with a structure of the battery cell layer.
  • the thin-walled structures can preferably be cup-shaped, with the open side of the cup shape facing in particular the degassing opening.
  • the thin-walled structures can also be formed in a wavy manner, with a trough of a wave facing a plurality of degassing openings, in particular lying in a line.
  • the battery cell layer is preferably formed from a large number of battery cells, each battery cell consisting of a battery cell housing with a battery cell housing casing, a battery cell housing base and a battery cell housing cover in which a cell coil is accommodated.
  • the degassing opening which can also be referred to as a degassing valve, is preferably formed in the battery cell housing base.
  • the battery cell housing base and battery cell housing cover are preferably bonded to the adjacent layers—cover wall and support layer.
  • the battery cell housings are preferably thin-walled and made of metal, for example aluminum or steel. Adjacent battery cell housings can be glued to one another on the lateral surface.
  • the battery cell can be a so-called round cell, i.e. circular-cylindrical, or a so-called prismatic cell, i.e. essentially cuboid.
  • the battery cell layer can also have a multi-chamber structure with a large number of vertical chambers, each of which accommodates one or more cell coils.
  • the multi-chamber structure can be produced, for example, by extrusion.
  • the individual chambers can have a square or other polygonal cross-section, for example similar to honeycombs.
  • the support layer can be formed in one piece at least in the vertical direction.
  • a plurality of separately formed, one-piece support layer elements can be arranged adjacent to one another over an entire area of the battery cell layer.
  • One-piece in vertical direction means that the support layer itself does not consist of several layers arranged one on top of the other.
  • the support layer can be designed to be structurally effective and increase the rigidity and strength of the drive battery.
  • the support layer is preferably designed to reduce collision energy by deformation in the event of a collision of the bottom wall.
  • the support layer can be designed for a large-area distribution of a collision load onto the battery cell layer in the event of a collision of the bottom wall.
  • Distribution of the collision load reduces a load acting on individual battery cells.
  • top wall and the bottom wall are preferably connected to one another via a flange connection.
  • a fluid-tight drive battery housing can be formed here by means of a corresponding seal, for example on the flange connection.
  • the top wall and/or the bottom wall can be designed in the form of a trough or can be part of a trough.
  • the top wall and/or the bottom wall can be made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy or of steel.
  • the cover wall and/or the base wall can also consist of a fiber-reinforced plastic, for example a carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger vehicle or a truck, with a drive battery as described above.
  • the motor vehicle has an electric drive.
  • a body of the motor vehicle has, for example, an underbody with a left side member and a right side member. Such longitudinal body members are also referred to as side skirts or outer, lower longitudinal members.
  • the drive battery is preferably mounted on the underbody from below. At least in sections, the drive battery forms an underbody of the motor vehicle.
  • the installed drive battery can form a floor of the floor assembly, ie a floor of the passenger cell, at least in sections.
  • the drive battery advantageously extends essentially over the entire width of the underbody, ie essentially over an entire installation space between the left side member and the right side member.
  • the drive battery housing can extend in an area or over as large an area as possible between a front axle and a rear axle of the motor vehicle.
  • the drive power housing extends from a front bulkhead (a passenger compartment) or from below the front bulkhead to front ends of a left wheelhouse and a right wheelhouse.
  • the drive battery housing can extend below a second row of seats in the motor vehicle.
  • the traction battery case may extend at least from an area between a front body pillar (an A pillar) and a rear body pillar (specifically, a C pillar).
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a sectional view of a drive battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic bottom perspective view of a support sheet of the traction battery according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3 is a schematic perspective view of the support sheet of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the support sheet of FIG.
  • Fig. 5 shows schematically a perspective view of a motor vehicle with a
  • the support layer 7 is in turn connected on its underside to a bottom wall 33 of the drive battery housing 3 via a lower adhesive layer 13 .
  • the top wall 35 and the bottom wall 33 are connected to one another via a flange connection 39, not shown in FIG.
  • the battery cell layer 5 consists of a large number of battery cells 51.
  • Each battery cell 51 in turn consists of a battery cell housing made of aluminum io or steel in which a cell wrap is received.
  • the battery cells 51 are so-called round cells with a circular-cylindrical shape.
  • the battery cells 51 are arranged on edge, ie vertically, in the battery cell layer 5, so that their lateral surfaces adjoin one another.
  • the upper end faces of the battery cells 51 are each connected to the adhesive layer 9 and thus to the cover wall 35 .
  • the lower end faces of the battery cells 51 are each connected to the adhesive layer 11 and thus to the support layer 7 .
  • Degassing openings 52 are formed on the lower end face of the battery cells 51 .
  • recesses or degassing spaces 71 are formed in the support layer 7 .
  • the degassing spaces 71 are suitably connected to one another via degassing channels 75 so that gas escaping from a battery cell 51 can be discharged via the degassing channels 75 of the support layer 7 .
  • the degassing channels 75 are formed on a side of the support layer 7 facing the bottom wall 33 .
  • the battery cells 51 rest against the walls 73.
  • FIG. the walls 73 are designed to complement the edges of the battery cells 51, so that the walls 73 can be supported on the battery cells 51 as desired.
  • the support layer 7 consists of a foamed polyurethane and is deformable. In the event of a ground collision of the drive battery 1 installed in the motor vehicle, the base wall 33 may be deformed together with the support layer 7 and can thus absorb collision energy through deformation to protect the battery cell layer 5.
  • the support layer 7 is shown in a perspective view from below.
  • the degassing spaces 71 are formed as through holes in the support sheet 7 .
  • the degassing channels 75 are grooves on the underside of the support layer 7.
  • Each degassing space 71 (with the exception of degassing spaces on the edges of the support layer, which are not shown) is connected via four degassing channels 75 to four of six adjacent degassing spaces 71 . It would also be possible to connect a degassing space 71 to all degassing channels 75, but in the manner shown in the exemplary embodiment it is also possible to direct the gas flow in a specific direction (up and down in FIG. 2).
  • the support layer 7 is shown in a perspective view from above.
  • the upper side of the support layer 7, which is supported on the battery cell layer 5, can therefore be seen.
  • the upper side of the support layer 7 forms an essentially flat surface with the through holes (degassing spaces 71) arranged regularly according to the battery cells 51 and thus forms a large-area support surface for battery cells 51 of the battery cell layer 5 .
  • two edges of the support layer 7, which is essentially rectangular according to the shape of the traction battery 1 (as shown in FIG. 5), are also shown.
  • the support layer 7 consists of several support layer elements 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, which are manufactured separately and are arranged adjacent to one another.
  • the respective support layer elements 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 are made in one piece from the foam material.
  • the gas which is usually very hot, can then easily be passed on via the associated degassing space 71 to neighboring degassing spaces and so on.
  • the support layer 7 forms a deformation layer that can reduce collision energy sufficiently by means of deformation without this having a disadvantageous effect on the battery cells. Furthermore, the possibly locally limited collision load is distributed over a large area by the sandwich-like structure of the drive battery and the large-area support of the support layer 7 on the battery cell layer 5, so that the load on a single battery cell 51 acts, is advantageously reduced. The collision load is distributed to many battery cells 51 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a support layer 7' in a perspective view from below.
  • the support layer 7' according to the further exemplary embodiment is produced by means of plastic injection molding.
  • the support layer 7' has a base plate 76' on which a large number of thin-walled cups 72', which in turn have degassing openings 75' as fluid-mechanical connections according to the invention, are formed.
  • a bottom of the cups 72' is adjacent to the bottom wall 33 of the drive battery 1 and is glued to the bottom wall.
  • An open side of cups 72' is integral with base plate 76'.
  • the base plate 76' has a large number of blind holes (degassing spaces 71), similar to the representation of the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows the state before the drive battery 1 is mounted on a body 100 .
  • the body 100 is not shown in full in Fig. 1, but essentially only an underbody 105 of the body 100.
  • the body 100 or the underbody 105 has a left side sill 107 and a right side sill 108, i.e. longitudinal members.
  • the drive battery 1 has a drive battery housing 3 as described above, which has essentially the same height over its entire extent - with the exception of an attached additional housing 37 in the rear area of the drive battery 1.
  • the battery cell layer 5 is housed in the drive battery housing 3.
  • the additional housing 37 accommodates, for example, electrics/electronics of the drive battery 1 .
  • the drive battery 1 is mounted from below on the floor assembly 105 by means of screw connections and, if necessary, additionally by means of adhesive connections.
  • the mounted drive energy storage housing 3 forms, at least in sections, a floor of the floor assembly 105, ie a floor of the passenger cell, and extends over the entire width of the floor assembly 105 between the left side sill 107 and the right side sill 108 and from a front end wall in the area of the front wheel houses to under a rear bench seat (not shown), which forms a second row of seats, in the area of the rear wheel houses. Furthermore, the drive energy storage housing 3 forms an underbody of the passenger vehicle.
  • the drive battery 1 Due to the sandwich-like structure of the drive battery 1 and the bonding of the layers to one another, the drive battery 1 has high bending and torsional rigidity. As a result, the mounted drive battery 1 can interact with the floor assembly 105 accordingly, so that the motor vehicle has greater bending and torsional rigidity overall. In other words, the drive battery 1 can take over a body structure function particularly well due to the structure described above.
  • the drive battery housing 3 is in sealing contact with the corresponding components of the floor assembly 105, so that the drive battery housing 3 and the floor assembly 105 together form a fluid-tight floor of the passenger compartment 109 of the motor vehicle.
  • the floor assembly 105 In comparison to a conventional floor group of a body, the floor assembly 105 has no floor panel and thus free spaces between the adjacent cross members/cross member structures. These free spaces are closed by the drive battery housing 3 .

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, la batterie de traction pour un véhicule automobile comprend un compartiment de batterie de traction qui comprend une paroi de couvercle et une paroi de base. La paroi de fond forme, au moins en partie, un dessous de caisse du véhicule automobile. Dans le compartiment de batterie de traction se trouvent une couche d'élément de batterie ayant une pluralité d'éléments de batterie, disposés verticalement et les uns à côté des autres, et une couche de support, qui peut également être appelée couche de dégazage, couche d'espacement, couche de protection contre les collisions ou couche de déformation. Dans chaque élément de batterie, au moins une ouverture de dégazage étant formée dans le côté faisant face à la couche de support et un espace de dégazage, c'est-à-dire un évidement, qui peut contenir un certain volume de gaz, est disposé à l'opposé de chaque ouverture de dégazage dans la couche de support.
EP21773050.6A 2021-07-23 2021-09-02 Batterie de traction pour véhicule automobile et véhicule automobile équipé d'une telle batterie de traction Pending EP4374453A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021119194 2021-07-23
PCT/EP2021/074260 WO2023001395A1 (fr) 2021-07-23 2021-09-02 Batterie de traction pour véhicule automobile et véhicule automobile équipé d'une telle batterie de traction

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4374453A1 true EP4374453A1 (fr) 2024-05-29

Family

ID=77821754

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21773050.6A Pending EP4374453A1 (fr) 2021-07-23 2021-09-02 Batterie de traction pour véhicule automobile et véhicule automobile équipé d'une telle batterie de traction

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4374453A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20230172026A (fr)
CN (2) CN117546349A (fr)
WO (2) WO2023001395A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022114365A1 (de) * 2022-06-08 2023-12-14 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Unterfahrschutz mit wenigstens einem Entgasungskanal und Traktionsbatterieanordnung mit solchem Unterfahrschutz

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007157678A (ja) * 2005-05-23 2007-06-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd ラミネート電池の安全機構
ITBO20120057A1 (it) * 2012-02-07 2013-08-08 Ferrari Spa Sistema di accumulo di energia elettrica per un veicolo con propulsione elettrica e presentante batteria chimiche cilindriche annegate in una matrice di supporto
DE102017223407A1 (de) 2017-12-20 2019-06-27 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Antriebsbatterie
EP3636364A1 (fr) * 2018-10-09 2020-04-15 Outokumpu Oyj Procédé de fabrication d'un cadre de collision d'un compartiment de batterie pour batterie de véhicules électriques
DE102018133426B4 (de) * 2018-12-21 2022-07-14 KÖNIG METALL GmbH & Co. KG Mehrteiliges multifunktionales batteriegehäuse
DE202020005525U1 (de) * 2020-07-22 2021-07-07 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Anordnung einer Batterie und Elektrofahrzeug

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN117546349A (zh) 2024-02-09
WO2023001396A1 (fr) 2023-01-26
CN117546350A (zh) 2024-02-09
WO2023001395A1 (fr) 2023-01-26
KR20230172026A (ko) 2023-12-21

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