EP4373635A1 - Verfahren zum fügen mindestens zweier fügepartner - Google Patents
Verfahren zum fügen mindestens zweier fügepartnerInfo
- Publication number
- EP4373635A1 EP4373635A1 EP22753660.4A EP22753660A EP4373635A1 EP 4373635 A1 EP4373635 A1 EP 4373635A1 EP 22753660 A EP22753660 A EP 22753660A EP 4373635 A1 EP4373635 A1 EP 4373635A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- joint
- laser
- joining
- pulses
- laser beam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000651 laser trapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007723 transport mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005428 wave function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
- B23K26/0624—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses using ultrashort pulses, i.e. pulses of 1ns or less
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/22—Spot welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/324—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/50—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece
- B23K26/57—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece the laser beam entering a face of the workpiece from which it is transmitted through the workpiece material to work on a different workpiece face, e.g. for effecting removal, fusion splicing, modifying or reforming
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/30—Organic material
- B23K2103/42—Plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
- B23K2103/52—Ceramics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
- B23K2103/54—Glass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
- B23K2103/56—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26 semiconducting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for joining at least two joining partners using ultra-short laser pulses of a laser beam from an ultra-short pulse laser.
- ultra-short laser pulses i.e. laser pulses in the picosecond range or in the femtosecond range (e.g. 50 fs to 50 ps)
- the high intensity in the focus can lead to non-linear absorption processes.
- the time between the successive ultra-short laser pulses is shorter than the heat diffusion time, this leads to heat accumulation or a temperature rise in the material in the focus area. With each of the successive pulses, the temperature can then be increased to the melting temperature of the material and finally the material can be locally melted.
- a method for laser welding is known from DE102018205325A1, with which continuous seams can be produced. The problem here, however, is that the high temperature differences during joining can result in material stresses around the joining seam, which promote cracking.
- a method for laser welding is known from DE102014203845A1, with which spot welding of two joining partners can be carried out.
- the problem here is that a significantly lower strength of the joint seam can be generated overall by punctiform joint zones than with a continuous joint seam.
- the joint seam has at least two joints and one joint defect in between, each joint being longer than 10 ⁇ m, preferably longer than 50 ⁇ m
- the ultra-short pulse laser makes the ultra-short laser pulses of the laser beam available, with the individual laser pulses forming the laser beam in the beam propagation direction.
- the laser can also provide bursts, with each burst comprising the transmission of a number of laser pulses. For a certain time interval, the emission of the laser pulses can follow one another very closely, at intervals of a few picoseconds up to hundreds of nanoseconds.
- the bursts can in particular be so-called GHz bursts, in which the sequence of the successive laser pulses of the respective burst takes place in the GHz range.
- a sequence of individual pulses means that the laser emits several individual pulses one after the other.
- a sequence of individual pulses therefore includes at least two individual pulses.
- a succession of bursts means that one after the other multiple bursts are emitted from the laser.
- a sequence of bursts therefore includes at least two bursts.
- the bursts or individual pulses of the sequence can each be of the same type.
- the bursts or individual pulses are of the same type if the laser pulses used have essentially the same properties, ie approximately the same pulse energy, the same pulse length and—in the case of bursts—also the same pulse intervals within the burst.
- the transparency of the at least one joining partner has the advantage that the joining laser can be focused through the transparent joining partner, so that the joining area can be localized at the interface between the two joining partners - i.e. on the inside - between the two joining partners.
- the first joining partner can be transparent, for example, and the second joining partner can be opaque to the wavelength of the laser. However, both joining partners can also be transparent.
- the first joining partner can be transparent, preferably a glass or a crystal or a ceramic or a plastic.
- the second joining partner can be opaque, preferably a metal or a semiconductor or a plastic or a ceramic.
- the first joining partner can consist of or include quartz, aluminum silicate, boron silicate, sapphire, zirconium oxide.
- the first joining partner can consist of or include steel, aluminum or silicon.
- the first joining partner can be made of glass and the second joining partner can be made of metal, or both joining partners can be made of one or different plastics.
- the first joining partner can consist of quartz glass and the second joining partner can consist of aluminum.
- the joining partners are arranged one on top of the other, so that the boundary surfaces of the joining partners, across which the joining partners are to be joined, face one another.
- heat is accumulated as a result of successive absorption of the ultra-short laser pulses, provided the pulse rate of the laser beam is greater than the rate of heat dissipation through material-specific heat transport mechanisms, in particular through heat diffusion. Due to the increasing temperature in the material of at least the first joining partner from joining pulse to joining pulse or from burst to burst, the melting temperature of the material of the joining partner can finally be reached, which leads to local melting of the material of the joining partner.
- the joining area is therefore understood to be that area of the joining partner in which the ultra-short laser pulses are introduced and in which the material is melted.
- the entirety of the locally melted material in the joint area as are referred to as melt bubbles.
- the resulting melt can bridge the common interface of the joining partners and permanently connect the joining partners to one another when cooling down.
- the network structure of the joining partners can also change.
- the cooled melt, which connects the joint partners to one another or results in the joint is then referred to as the joint.
- individual pulses and/or bursts can be introduced into the material and successively absorbed.
- the spot size describes the spatial area over which the ultra-short laser pulses and/or bursts are emitted into the material.
- the size of the joining area is additionally determined by the beam geometry, in particular the size of the focal zone of the focused laser beam.
- the beam geometry describes the spatial configuration of the laser beam and other beam properties such as certain diffraction properties of the laser beam, see below.
- a joint seam has two joints and one joint defect in between.
- a joint defect is a place in the joint seam where the joint partners are not joined together.
- the joining seam can be highly resistant to impact loads, for example.
- each joint is longer than 10 pm, preferably longer than 50 pm.
- the length of the joint is measured parallel to the extent of the joint seam.
- the length of the joint mainly determines the strength of the joint. For example, a joint that is 10 times longer can have 10 times greater strength.
- the risk of crack formation is greater with a longer joint, so that longer joint seams have greater (theoretical) strength, but lower resilience.
- the ideal length of the joints can be determined in a test in which the actually realized strength and resistance is measured as a function of the length of the joint. In particular, a natural limit to the length of the joint seam is given by the longest dimension of the joint partners.
- the strength of the joint is thus adjusted by the length of the joint, while a high overall strength of the joint seam is achieved by the large number of joints.
- a seam can be circular or rectangular. There is always a joint defect between two joints. At the same time, joints and joint defects always alternate with each other along the circular or rectangular joint seam, so that there are no two joints or joint defects in succession.
- the resilience of the joint can be adjusted by the length ratio of joints and joint defects along the joint.
- the length ratio of the joints and the joint defects can be understood here as the ratio of adjacent joints and joint defects.
- the length ratio of adjacent joints and joint defects can be between 10:90 and 95:5, preferably 70:30.
- a joint can be 10 pm long and an adjacent joint defect can be 90 pm long.
- a joint can be 70 pm long and an adjacent joint defect can be 30 pm long.
- a joint can be 50 pm long and an adjacent joint defect can be 50 pm long.
- the length ratio of joints and joint defects can be adjusted by a duty cycle of the laser power, the laser power being modulated according to a modulation function during the duty cycle, preferably being modulated with a function generator.
- a duty cycle can be understood as a recurring activation of the laser power, with a duty cycle having at least one area of high laser power and one area of low laser power.
- a duty cycle can also include a modulation of the laser power, so that the laser power can increase or decrease during the modulation.
- the length of the areas of high and low laser power are in a time ratio that can be fixedly selected for the duty cycle.
- the laser beam can have a high laser power in the first half of the duty cycle and have a vanishing laser power in the second half, or have no laser power.
- a joint can be created in the first half of the duty cycle and a joint defect in the second half.
- a modulation function describes the mathematically functional relationship between the time course of the laser power during a duty cycle.
- a modulation function can be a square wave function, for example.
- a laser beam is provided with full laser power during the time of the square-wave pulse, while the laser power is weakened or blocked outside of the time of the square-wave pulse.
- a modulation function can also be a triangle function or a sawtooth function. During the time of the triangle or sawtooth, the laser power is increased according to the respective function value of the modulation function until the apex of the triangle or sawtooth is reached. Thereafter, the laser power of the laser beam can be attenuated again according to the modulation function.
- a modulation function can also be a sine function.
- the modulation function can also have a so-called offset.
- the modulation function can be used to specify that the laser power of the laser beam is always modulated around a specific mean value (the offset).
- the length ratio of the joint and joint defects can be determined by the time ratio of the areas of high laser power and low laser power.
- the length ratio of joint to joint defect is 80:20.
- the duty cycle can have a repetition rate between 1Hz and 1kHz.
- the repetition rate of the duty cycle indicates how often the laser power is modulated according to the modulation function of the duty cycle.
- the modulation of the laser power can be matched to the repetition rate of the ultra-short laser pulses and/or the bursts.
- the length of the joints and joint defects can be determined at a given feed rate with the repetition rate of the duty cycle.
- the modulation function is a square function
- the square - i.e. the time of high laser power - is 50% of the duty cycle and the feed rate is 1 mm/s
- the laser beam sweeps a distance of 0.1 mm during a duty cycle, of which a joint is created in the first half, i.e. 50 pm, and no joint, i.e. a joint defect, is created in the second half.
- the duty cycle can be generated with a function generator.
- a function generator is a control device that is suitable for controlling the laser power according to a given modulation function.
- the modulation function can be output in the form of a voltage signal to a Pockels cell, which rotates the polarization of the laser beam in proportion to the voltage signal.
- a subsequent polarization filter or polarization analyzer can then direct the respective polarization components of the laser beam to the joining partners, whereby the laser power is modulated according to the modulation function.
- the laser power can also be controlled directly at a control input of the laser, so that the laser only emits laser pulses with the intensity corresponding to the modulation function.
- the average power of the laser spot can be between 0.1 W and 50 W.
- the laser pulses of a burst can each have a time interval of at most 1 ps, preferably between 0.05 ns and 1000 ns, particularly preferably between 20 ns and 80 ns, with a burst comprising between 2 and 64 burst pulses, preferably between 2 and 16 burst pulses.
- the laser pulses of a laser burst can have a time interval of 50 ns, with the laser burst comprising 10 burst pulses.
- the repetition frequency of the individual laser pulses and/or the bursts can be between 0.5 kHz and 10 MHz, preferably between 1 kHz and 4 MHz.
- a burst can be emitted into the material every 1ps.
- a burst can comprise 25 laser pulses which are spaced 20 ns seconds apart.
- a length of 10nm is covered during the burst.
- the duty cycle has a repetition rate of 100Hz and the first 70% have a high laser power and the second 30% have a vanishing laser power then a continuous joint is created in the first half of the duty cycle, while a joint defect is created in the second half. Due to the feed speed of 10mm/s, the length of the joint is 70pm, while the joint defect has a length of 30pm.
- the process speed can be adapted particularly well to the process conditions, such as the joining partners to be joined.
- the outgrowth of the melt bubble can be taken into account here, which in glass-glass connections, for example, has outgrown after about 1 ms, ie no longer enlarges.
- the laser wavelength can be between 200 nm and 5000 nm, preferably 1000 nm, and/or the pulse duration of the laser pulses can be between 10 fs and 50 ps, and/or the fluence in the focal zone can be greater than 0.01 J/cm 2 for a single pulse or a laser pulse of a burst.
- the wavelength of the ultra-short laser pulse can be 1030 nm, the pulse duration of an individual pulse being 400 fs and the fluence in the focus being 75 J/cm 2 , for example.
- the laser beam and the joining partners can feed relative to each other with an intermediate
- 0.01 mm/s and 1000 mm/s preferably between 0.1 mm/s and 300 mm/s and/or positioned.
- Moving relative to each other can mean that either the laser beam or the joining partners or both the laser beam and the joining partners are moved. In this way it can be achieved that the laser beam introduces joints at different locations of the joint partners. In particular, this makes it possible to alternately produce joints and joint defects between the two joining partners.
- the movement can take place with a feed, with laser pulses or bursts being able to be introduced into the joining partners during the feed.
- a positioning of the joining partners relative to the laser beam consists in bringing the focus zone of the laser beam into the desired insertion depth and into the desired location.
- the Joining partners can be positioned on an axis system so that the joining partners are moved relative to the laser beam.
- it is also possible to move the laser beam over the joining partners for example the laser beam can be deflected with one or more acousto-optical deflectors or a galvanic scanner.
- the laser beam can be a quasi non-diffracting laser beam, preferably a Bessel beam or a Gauss-Bessel beam, and the laser beam can preferably have a focal zone that is elongated in the beam propagation direction.
- Non-diffracting rays and/or Bessel-like rays are to be understood in particular as rays in which a transverse intensity distribution is propagation-invariant.
- a transverse intensity distribution is essentially constant along the beam propagation direction.
- focal zone of the processing laser beam is always understood to mean that part of the intensity distribution of the processing laser beam that is greater than the modification threshold of the material.
- the word focal zone makes it clear that this part of the intensity distribution is provided in a targeted manner and that an intensity increase in the form of the intensity distribution is achieved by focusing.
- non-diffracting laser beams have the advantage that they can have a focal zone that is elongated in the direction of beam propagation and that is significantly larger than the transverse dimensions of the focal zone.
- a material modification that is elongated in the beam propagation direction can be produced in this way, in order to enable a particularly strong joining of the joining partners, for example.
- non-diffracting beams can be used to generate elliptical non-diffracting beams that have a non-radially symmetrical transverse focal zone.
- elliptical quasi-non-diffracting rays have a main maximum that coincides with the center of the ray. The center of the ray is given by the place where the main axes of the ellipse intersect.
- elliptical quasi-non-diffracting beams can result from the superimposition of several intensity maxima, in which If only the envelope of the intensity maxima involved is elliptical. In particular, the individual intensity maxima do not have to have an elliptical intensity profile.
- a non-diffracting beam can be generated from a plane wave field or from parallel partial laser beams if all partial laser beams are refracted at the same angle ⁇ to the optical axis of the laser beam.
- the partial laser beams close to the axis overlap shortly after the processing laser beam shaping optics, for example an axicon or a diffractive optical element, on the optical axis and thus form an increased laser intensity, while off-axis beams only overlap later after the processing laser beam shaping optics and form an increased laser beam intensity.
- a substantially constant laser intensity can thus be generated over a longitudinal length parallel to the beam propagation direction.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure for carrying out the method
- FIG. 2A, B, C shows a schematic implementation of the method
- FIG. 3A, B, C, D, E shows a schematic representation of possible modulation functions
- FIG. 4A B Micrographs of joining seams according to the prior art and according to the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 5A, B, C, D different possible laser beam profiles.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic of a structure 1 for carrying out the method and a very schematic cross section of two parts to be joined 3, 8 to be joined.
- An ultra-short pulse laser 4 provides ultra-short laser pulses of a laser beam 5. These can be introduced into the joining partners 3, 8 in the form of a sequence of individual pulses or in the form of a sequence of bursts.
- the average power of the laser spot can be between 0.1 W and 50 W.
- the laser pulses of a burst can each have a time interval of at most 1 ps, preferably between 0.05 ns and 1000 ns, particularly preferably between 20 ns and 80 ns, with a burst comprising between 2 and 64 burst pulses, preferably between 2 and 16 burst pulses.
- the repetition frequency of the individual laser pulses and/or the bursts can be between 0.5 kHz and 10 MHz, preferably between 1 kHz and 4 MHz.
- the laser wavelength can be between 200 nm and 5000 nm, preferably 1000 nm, and/or the pulse duration of the laser pulses can be between 10 fs and 50 ps
- the laser beam 5 is focused by suitable focusing optics 6, shown very schematically here, in such a way that the focus zone F, i.e. the area of increased intensity of the laser beam 5, approximately coincides with the common interface 7 of the two joining partners 3, 8.
- the fluence in the focal zone F can be at least 0.01 J/cm 2 .
- the insertion height of the focal zone F can be determined here relative to the first surface of the joining partner 8 in the beam propagation direction.
- the first joining partner 8 in the beam propagation direction must be transparent to the wavelength of the laser 4 .
- the first joining partner 8 can be a glass or a crystal or a ceramic or a plastic.
- the second joining partner 3 can be opaque or transparent.
- the second joining partner 3 can be a metal or a semiconductor or a plastic or a ceramic.
- the laser beam and the joining partners can be moved and/or positioned relative to one another with a feed VG between 0.01 mm/s and 1000 mm/s, preferably between 0.1 mm/s and 300 mm/s.
- the joining partners can be positioned on a feed device 10, for example. It can thereby be achieved that the laser beam 5 is moved along a joint seam 9 over the joint partners 3 , 8 , so that the joint partners 3 , 8 can be joined along the joint seam 9 .
- the joint seam 9 has at least two joints 900 and a joint defect 902, which is arranged between the at least two joints 900.
- the joints 900 are longer than 10 pm, preferably longer than 50 pm. Accordingly, no continuous seam 9 is produced, but rather a seam 9 composed of seams 900 and seam defects 902. In particular, in FIG.
- the resilience and strength of the joint seam 9 can be adjusted by the length ratio of joints 900 and joint defects 902 along the joint seam 9 .
- Different length ratios of joints 900 and joint defects 902 are shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C.
- the length ratio of joint 900 to joint defect 902 is approximately 40:60.
- the length ratio of joint 900 to joint defect 902 is approximately 60:40.
- the length ratio of joint 900 to joint defect 902 is approximately 90:10.
- the length ratio of joint 900 and joint defect 902 along joint seam 9 can be between 10:90 and 95:5, preferably 70:30.
- the strength of the individual joints 900 adds up along the joint seam 9 to form an overall strength, longer joints 900 theoretically having a higher strength than short joints 900 .
- longer joints 900 in particular continuously joined joint seams 9 (which consist of only a single joint), are exposed to a greater risk of tearing, for example in the event of impact loads.
- the joint imperfections 902 arranged between the joints 900 therefore act as crack stoppers, which increase the resistance of the joint seam 9 to impact loads, for example.
- the joints 900 are locally limited, so that a crack formation in the joint 900 does not damage the entire joint 9 .
- the formation of cracks in the joint 900 can end at the start of the joint defect 902, since there is no joint that could tear. Since the other joining points 900 of the joining seam 9 are not damaged by the crack stopper 902, the overall strength of the joining seam 9 is largely retained and the resistance of the joining seam 9 increases.
- the joint seam 9 is composed of one thousand joints 900 and a single joint 902 were to break due to an impact load, then nine hundred and ninety-nine joints 902 would still be intact.
- the overall strength of the joint seam 9 would hardly be reduced as a result—at the same time, however, the resistance of the joint seam 9 is greater, since it is not completely destroyed in the event of an impact load, but has remained largely unchanged.
- FIG. 3 shows how the length ratio of joint 900 to joint defect 902 can be adjusted.
- the laser power of the laser beam 5 can be controlled with a function generator, for example.
- the modulation function with which the laser power is modulated over time can be repeated periodically. In particular, such a period is also called the Duty Cycle TDuty.
- a trapezoidal modulation function is shown in FIG. 3A.
- the trapezoidal modulation function is characterized by the fact that the laser power initially increases, remains at a constant laser power after the adjustable rise time and then the laser power falls again. Thereafter, the laser power is almost completely blocked for a further period of time. This modulation cycle is repeated periodically, with the repetition rate of the duty cycle being between 1Hz and 1kHz.
- a modification threshold M of the joining partners 3, 8 is also drawn in as an example in FIG. 3A, above which the laser power is high enough to initiate a joining process. Accordingly, the joining partners are only joined if the laser power is above the modification threshold.
- the length ratio of joint 900 and joint defect 902 thus results from the time ratio of the modulation function in which the intensity of the laser is above or below the joining threshold of the joining partners 2, 8.
- a triangle function is shown as a modulation function
- a saw number function is shown as a modulation function
- a square function is shown as a modulation function
- a sine function is shown as a modulation function.
- the modulation functions in Figures 3C and 3D are shifted up by an offset.
- the joining partners 3, 8 can be preheated to a certain extent with a non-vanishing laser power, or close to that Modification threshold are maintained, so that when the modification threshold is exceeded by the laser power, the material stresses introduced can be reduced by the lower thermal gradients.
- FIG. 4A shows the top view of the joining partners 3, 8, with the first joining partner 8 in the beam propagation direction being visible.
- FIG. 4B also shows a top view of the joining partners 3, 8, but here the joining seam 9 is composed of joining points 900 and joint defects 902.
- the laser power was modulated using one of the modulation functions from FIG.
- the joining partners 3, 8 and the laser beam 5 were shifted relative to one another at a feed rate VG, so that the temporal modulation of the laser intensity could be translated into a spatial expression of the joining points 900 and joint defects 902.
- FIG. 5A shows the intensity profile and beam cross section of a quasi-non-diffracting laser beam 5.
- the quasi-non-diffractive beam 5 is a Bessel-Gaussian beam.
- the Bessel-Gaussian beam has radial symmetry, so that the intensity of the laser beam only depends on the distance from the optical axis.
- the transverse beam diameter d ND o is between 0.25 pm and 10 pm.
- FIG. 5B shows the longitudinal beam cross section, ie the beam cross section in the direction of beam propagation.
- the beam cross-section has an elongated focal zone that is about 300 pm in size.
- the focal zone F is thus significantly larger in the propagation direction than the beam cross-section in the x-y plane, resulting in an elongated focal zone.
- FIG. 5C shows a Bessel beam which has a non-radially symmetrical beam cross section.
- the beam cross-section appears stretched in the y-direction, almost elliptical.
- FIG. 5D shows the longitudinal focal zone of the Bessel beam, which again has a longitudinal extension of about 300 pm. Accordingly, the Bessel beam also has a focal zone that is elongated in the direction of beam propagation.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE102021118593.9A DE102021118593A1 (de) | 2021-07-19 | 2021-07-19 | Verfahren zum Fügen mindestens zweier Fügepartner |
PCT/EP2022/069983 WO2023001730A1 (de) | 2021-07-19 | 2022-07-18 | Verfahren zum fügen mindestens zweier fügepartner |
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US (1) | US20240149375A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4373635A1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20240031412A (de) |
CN (1) | CN117642246A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021118593A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2023001730A1 (de) |
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DE3621030C2 (de) * | 1986-06-24 | 1995-01-05 | Alkor Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verschweißen und/oder Trennschweißen mittels Laserstrahlen |
AU4279600A (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2000-11-17 | Powerlasers Limited | Welding of carpet to panels |
JP2004306057A (ja) * | 2003-04-03 | 2004-11-04 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | レーザ溶接装置 |
JP5253777B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-31 | 2013-07-31 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 重ね合わせレーザ溶接方法およびレーザ溶接品 |
DE102011081554A1 (de) | 2011-08-25 | 2013-02-28 | Lpkf Laser & Electronics Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Laserschweißen von zwei Fügepartnern aus Kunststoff |
DE102012104362B4 (de) * | 2012-02-20 | 2014-07-24 | Scansonic Mi Gmbh | Verfahren zum Steppnahtschweißen einer stirnseitigen Flanschverbindung |
DE102014203845A1 (de) | 2014-03-03 | 2015-09-03 | BLZ Bayerisches Laserzentrum Gemeinnützige Forschungsgesellschaft mbH | Verfahren zum laserinduzierten Fügen eines glasartigen Fügepartners mit einem artfremden Fügepartner mithilfe ultrakurzer Laserpulse |
JP6044579B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-22 | 2016-12-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 溶接方法及び溶接構造体 |
DE102017205765B4 (de) * | 2017-04-04 | 2023-03-30 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Verschweißen von Bauteilen |
DE102018205325A1 (de) | 2018-04-10 | 2019-10-10 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zum Laserschweißen von transparenten Werkstücken und zugehörige Laserbearbeitungsmaschine |
DE102018120011B4 (de) | 2018-08-16 | 2022-06-15 | Trumpf Laser Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Schweißverfahren zum Verbinden eines transparenten, aluminiumoxidhaltigen ersten Substrats mit einem opaken zweiten Substrat |
DE102018220447A1 (de) | 2018-11-28 | 2020-05-28 | Trumpf Laser Gmbh | Verfahren zum Stoßschweißen mittels eines UKP-Laserstrahls sowie aus Einzelteilen zusammengefügtes optisches Element |
DE112020002981A5 (de) | 2019-06-21 | 2022-03-03 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zum Bearbeiten eines Werkstücks |
DE102020123540A1 (de) * | 2020-09-09 | 2022-03-10 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Fügen mindestens zweier Fügepartner |
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2021
- 2021-07-19 DE DE102021118593.9A patent/DE102021118593A1/de active Pending
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2022
- 2022-07-18 KR KR1020247005465A patent/KR20240031412A/ko unknown
- 2022-07-18 CN CN202280049808.1A patent/CN117642246A/zh active Pending
- 2022-07-18 WO PCT/EP2022/069983 patent/WO2023001730A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-07-18 EP EP22753660.4A patent/EP4373635A1/de active Pending
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2024
- 2024-01-18 US US18/415,909 patent/US20240149375A1/en active Pending
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CN117642246A (zh) | 2024-03-01 |
WO2023001730A1 (de) | 2023-01-26 |
US20240149375A1 (en) | 2024-05-09 |
KR20240031412A (ko) | 2024-03-07 |
DE102021118593A1 (de) | 2023-01-19 |
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