Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
  • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
  • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
  • H02K5/203—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
  • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
  • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K3/00—Details of windings
  • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
  • H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots

Definitions

• the present invention relates to rotating electrical machines, and more particularly those cooled by a circulation of a cooling fluid, in particular oil, circulating at least partially by the rotor of the machine.
• a cooling fluid in particular oil
• the invention relates more particularly to synchronous or asynchronous alternating current machines. It relates in particular to traction or propulsion machines for electric (Battery Electric Vehicle) and/or hybrid (Hybrid Electric Vehicle - Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) motor vehicles, such as individual cars, vans, trucks or buses.
• the invention also applies to rotating electrical machines for industrial and/or energy production applications, in particular naval, aeronautical or wind turbine applications.
• Patent applications CN 211606273, EP 3 739731, JP 2019 161948, US 2011/0181136, JP 2018 014857, US 2011/0084561, JP2010028958, JP2020188633, and WO202 1/069253 disclose electrical fluid-powered machines, guide parts for directing the cooling fluid towards the coil heads. These applications do not disclose that electrical machines can be supplied with cooling fluid from the rotor.
• Application US 2011/0298316 discloses an agitation element disposed between the shaft of the rotor and the winding heads of the stator. This element makes it possible to bring up the cooling fluid from the rotor towards the coil heads. This arrangement makes the electric machine complex to manufacture.
• Application US 2019/0260257 discloses a protection element for three-phase power bars. Part of the cooling fluid coming from the casing and/or the rotor can pass through the protection element and reach the heads of the stator coils by gravity. Such an element does not allow effective cooling of the stator coil heads.
• a rotary electrical machine extending along a longitudinal axis X, comprising a rotor and a wound stator having coil heads, the rotor and the stator being arranged in a casing comprising an internal wall, the rotor comprising at least one channel for distributing a cooling fluid, the machine comprising at least one guide device arranged radially between the coil heads of the stator and the internal wall of the casing, the guide device being configured to direct the cooling fluid ejected from the rotor, in particular by centrifugal force, onto the winding heads of the stator.
• Disposed radially between is considered to refer to a radial position.
• the guide device is radially further away from a rotor shaft than the coil heads and radially closer to the shaft than the internal wall of the casing.
• Such a radial position of the guide device makes it easier to mount the electric machine. In addition, this position increases the amount of cooling fluid that is redirected to the coil heads.
• the stator may comprise a stator mass.
• the guide device can be offset longitudinally or not with respect to the coil heads and/or with respect to the internal wall of the casing.
• the guide device can be arranged longitudinally beyond the coil heads, for example it may be farther from the rotor mass than the ends of the coils.
• the guide device can be arranged at least partially, better still completely, above the coil heads.
• the electric machine may include two guide devices. Each guide device can be arranged at an axial end of the electric machine.
• the two guide devices can be symmetrical to each other with respect to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X of the electrical machine.
• the two guide devices can be asymmetrical to one another with respect to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X of the electric machine.
• the electric machine can include a single guide device.
• the guide device may be in contact with the stator mass.
• the guide device can be located at a distance d, measured on the longitudinal axis, which is not zero from the stator mass, the distance d being for example between 0 and 70 mm, better 2 and 60 mm, better 5 and 50 mm, better still 10 and 45 mm, for example of the order of 15 mm or 40 mm.
• the guide device makes it possible to break the jet of cooling fluid which comes from the rotor in order to redirect it towards the coil heads.
• the guiding device prevents the accumulation of coolant near the crankcase. It improves the cooling of the machine by containing a greater quantity of cooling fluid close to the stator winding, in particular close to the slots, which are hot spots.
• the guide device can be made of plastic material, for example it can be made of a polymer material, for example one of the following materials: polyamide, in particular nylon PA66GL30, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTLE), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polysulphide phenylene (PPS), this list not being exhaustive.
• polyamide in particular nylon PA66GL30
• PTLE polytetrafluoroethylene
• PEEK polyetheretherketone
• PPS polysulphide phenylene
• the cooling fluid can be a liquid, for example water or oil.
• the cooling fluid can be a gas, for example air.
• At least one axial coolant distribution channel may be formed in the rotor mass, or along the shaft between the rotor mass and the shaft, or in the shaft.
• This or these axial distribution channels can cross axially at least part of the rotor mass and/or of the shaft.
• this or these axial distribution channels can cross axially the entire length of the rotor.
• they may cross at least two-thirds of the length of the rotor, or at least half of the length of the rotor, or at least one-third of the length of the rotor.
• This or these axial channels can supply radial channels, for example radial channels located in the rotor mass or in flanges arranged at the ends of the rotor mass.
• the cooling fluid can be ejected from the rotor, in particular from the rotor mass or the flanges, towards the coil heads by the effect of centrifugal force.
• the axial cooling fluid distribution channel can be supplied with cooling fluid at least by the rotor.
• the rotor may include permanent magnets inserted into the rotor mass. It may comprise permanent magnets, with in particular surface or buried magnets.
• the rotor can be flux concentrating. It can comprise one or more layers of magnets arranged in I, U or V, in one or more rows.
• the housings of the permanent magnets can be produced entirely by cutting in the sheets. Each sheet of the stack of sheets can be monobloc.
• the cooling fluid can also flow axially in the housings of the permanent magnets and join the flanges.
• the electric machine may further include a cooling fluid supply via the housing, the cooling fluid coming from the housing being able to be directed towards the coil heads, in particular by gravity, by the guide device.
• the electric machine can also be cooled by a cooling fluid which flows by gravity over the coil heads from the housing.
• the function of the guiding device is then twofold. It not only makes it possible to channel the jet of cooling fluid coming from the rotor to redirect it towards the coil heads, but also allows the cooling fluid coming from the casing to flow towards the heads of the coils. The cooling of the electrical machine is thus improved.
• the guide device can be configured to favor the flow of the cooling fluid in one direction, for example the direction from the casing towards the coil heads, and to limit it in another, for example the direction from the rotor towards the wall. inside of the crankcase.
• the guide device may be of at least partially annular shape, in particular entirely annular, when observed in cross section, the guide device possibly being coaxial with a shaft of the rotor.
• the guide device may have an angular extent around the longitudinal axis of the machine of at least 45°, even of at least 60°, better still of at least 90°, better still of at least 120°, better still at least 180°, better still at least 240°, for example 360°.
• the guide device is easy to put in place on the electric machine and does not complicate the manufacture of the machine.
• the guide device may comprise an internal surface and an external surface and openings formed between the external surface and the internal surface and/or reliefs on the internal face.
• the openings and/or the reliefs can make it possible to break the flow of cooling fluid and thus facilitate its redirection towards the coil heads.
• the relief(s) may be ribs, in particular ribs extending parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• the reliefs may be ribs extending circumferentially relative to the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• the ribs may extend in an oblique direction with respect to the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• the part of the internal surface of the guide device which comprises reliefs may extend over at least 20°, better over at least 30°, better over at least 45°, better over at least 60°, better over at least 90 ° around the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• the part of the internal surface of the guide device which comprises reliefs may extend over at most 360°, better over at most 240°, better over at most 120°, better over at most 90°, better over at most 60° ° around the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• the openings can each extend along an elongation axis L which is oblique in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• the elongation axis L of the openings can be inclined with respect to a plane containing the longitudinal axis X of the machine by an angle between -90 and +90°, better between -60 and +60°, better between -45 and +45°, better between -30 and +30°.
• Such an inclination of the openings makes it possible to limit the quantity of cooling fluid coming from the rotor which passes through the guide device and at the same time makes it possible to let the cooling fluid coming from the casing flow towards the coil heads.
• the openings may extend along an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• the elongation axes L of the openings can be oriented in the same oblique direction in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• At least half, better still at least two-thirds, in particular all the elongation axes L of the openings can be oriented in the same oblique direction in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• At least half, better still at least two-thirds, in particular all the axes of elongation L of the openings can have the same inclination with respect to a radial axis in a transverse plane of the machine.
• At least two openings may include elongation axes L oriented in two different oblique directions in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• At least one half of the openings may have elongation axes L1 of a first inclination with respect to a radial axis in a transverse plane of the machine.
• the rest of the openings can have elongation axes L2 of a second inclination with respect to a radial axis in this transverse plane of the machine.
• the first and second inclinations with respect to a plane containing the longitudinal axis X of the machine can be different. They can in particular be opposite with respect to a plane containing the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• an opening having an elongation axis L1 of a first inclination is surrounded on either side by openings having an elongation axis L2 of a second inclination, different from the first inclination.
• openings having an elongation axis L2 of a second inclination are surrounded on either side by openings having an elongation axis L2 of a second inclination, different from the first inclination.
• Two openings can be arranged in a V-shape or in a truncated V-shape.
• Two openings can be arranged in the shape of a V with a half-angle at the top of between 5° and 85°, better still between 30° and 60°, better still between 40° and 50°, for example of the order of 45°.
• At least half, better at least two-thirds, including all openings can be arranged in a V shape with the same half-angle at the vertex.
• the openings can be arranged in the shape of a truncated V with a half-angle at the top of between 5° and 85°, better still between 30° and 60°, better still between 40° and 50°, for example of the order of 45°.
• At least half, better still at least two-thirds, in particular all the openings can be arranged in the shape of a truncated V with the same half-angle at the apex.
• the apertures may be arranged alternately in a V-shape and a truncated V-shape in the circumferential direction of the machine.
• Fluid from the crankcase can flow through the openings by gravity.
• the majority of the cooling fluid from the rotor cannot rise through the openings. This particular orientation of the openings therefore makes it possible to facilitate the flow of the cooling fluid from the casing and to limit the flow of the cooling fluid from the rotor towards the internal wall of the casing.
• the openings may have on the internal surface and/or on the external surface an area per opening of between 5 and 350 mm 2 , better still between 10 and 250 mm 2 , better still between 15 and 150 mm 2 , for example of the order of 20 mm 2 .
• the openings can have, along the longitudinal axis X of the machine, a length of between 2 and 50 mm, better still between 12 and 40 mm, for example of the order of 22 mm.
• the distance between two adjacent openings on the inner and/or outer surface of the guide device can be constant.
• the distance on the internal and/or external surface of the guiding device between two openings having axes of elongation of the same inclination can be constant.
• the distance between the openings on the internal and/or external surface of the guiding device can be variable.
• the distance between two openings on the outer surface of the guide device can be equal to the distance between two openings on the inner surface.
• the distance between two openings on the external surface of the guiding device can be less than the distance between two openings on the internal surface.
• the distance between two openings on the outer surface of the guide device may be greater than the distance between two openings on the inner surface.
• Two adjacent openings on the external surface can be separated in a circumferential direction by at most 100 mm, better by at most 60 mm, better by at most 30 mm, better by at most 20 mm.
• Two adjacent openings on the outer surface can be spaced apart in a circumferential direction by at least 1 mm, better still at least 2 mm, better still at least 3 mm.
• two adjacent openings on the external surface can be separated in a circumferential direction by a distance of the order of 4 mm or 8 mm.
• Two adjacent openings on the inner surface may be spaced apart in a circumferential direction by at most 100 mm, better still at most 60 mm, better still at most 30 mm, better still at most 20 mm.
• Two adjacent openings on the internal surface may be spaced apart in a circumferential direction by at least 0 mm, better by at least 1 mm, better by at least 2 mm, better by at least 3 mm.
• two adjacent openings on the internal surface can be separated in a circumferential direction by a distance of the order of 0 or 4 mm.
• two openings can join and form a single opening, in particular at the level of the tip of the V formed by two adjacent openings having axes of elongation of different inclination.
• the total surface of the guide device which comprises openings, without counting the surface of the openings may be between 0 and 46000 mm 2 , better still between 2000 and 33000 mm 2 , better still between 4000 and 20000 mm 2 , better still between 6000 and 15000 mm 2 .
• mm 2 better still between 7000 and 10000 mm 2 , for example of the order of 7700 mm 2 or 9000 mm 2 .
• the guide device may comprise a frustoconical part coaxial with the longitudinal axis X of the machine and oriented towards the coil heads.
• the frustoconical part of the guide device can be arranged longitudinally beyond the ends of the coils when moving away from the stator mass.
• the frustoconical part of the guide device can be arranged longitudinally to the left or to the right of the coil heads.
• the frustoconical part of the guide device can be arranged at least partially, better totally, above the coil heads.
• the frustoconical part of the guide device can widen when moving away longitudinally from the coil heads towards the outside of the machine.
• the outer surface of the frustoconical part may have an inclination of between 5 and 85°, better still between 10 and 60°, better still between 15 and 45°, for example of the order of 30° with respect to the longitudinal axis X of the machine in a plane containing the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• the guide device may also comprise a horizontal wall. Openings can be provided in the horizontal wall.
• the guide device may comprise a horizontal wall and a frustoconical part.
• the guide device may comprise at least one vertical wall extending from the internal wall of the casing towards the coil heads. This vertical wall promotes the redirection of the cooling fluid towards the coil heads.
• the vertical wall may be in contact with the ends of the stator coils.
• the height of the vertical wall in the radial direction can be greater or less than the gap between the coil heads and the inner wall of the casing. Alternatively, the height of the vertical wall in the radial direction may be equal to the gap between the coil heads and the inner wall of the casing.
• the vertical wall can be arranged radially at a non-zero distance from the ends of the stator coils.
• the radial space between the vertical wall and the coil heads facilitates the flow of cooling fluid along the elongation axis of the machine.
• the guide device may comprise at least one mesh part.
• the mesh part can be flexible. Alternatively it may be rigid.
• the mesh part can be arranged at a distance d from the ends of the stator coils. This distance d may be less than 10 mm, better still less than 5 mm, for example of the order of 4 mm.
• the screened part can be located at zero distance from the stator winding, i.e. be in contact with the stator winding.
• the fact that the mesh part is placed at a short distance from the stator winding makes it possible to direct the cooling fluid by capillarity towards the winding heads.
• the mesh part makes it possible to attract by capillarity the cooling fluid coming from the rotor and/or that coming from the casing.
• the mesh part may have an inclination of between 0° and 45°, better still between 5° and 30°, better still between 5° and 20°, for example of the order of 10° with respect to the longitudinal axis X of the machine in a plane containing the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• the mesh portion may have a proximal end and a distal end. The proximal end is located closer to the rotor mass than the distal end.
• the mesh part can approach the longitudinal axis X of the machine in the direction of the distal end. As a variant, the mesh part can deviate from the longitudinal axis X of the machine in the direction of the distal end.
• the guide device may include means for fixing to the casing.
• the guide device can thus act as a flange.
• the guide device can thus make it possible to ensure the mechanical maintenance and the fixing of the stator to the casing and in addition to redirect the cooling fluid from the rotor towards the coil heads.
• the machine can comprise, in addition to the guide device, a flange.
• the flange may be in contact with the guide device.
• the flange may be remote from the guide device.
• the flange may comprise an internal surface and an external surface and openings formed between the external surface and the internal surface and/or reliefs on the internal face.
• the flange may have a length along the longitudinal axis X of the machine of at least 2 mm, better still at least 3 mm, for example of the order of 4 mm.
• the flange may have a length along the longitudinal axis X of the machine of at most 10 mm, better still at most 5 mm, for example of the order of 4 mm.
• Such a length allows the flange to extend over the part of the winding which is close to the entry of the slots.
• the electrical conductors may not include twisted portions. Therefore, the cooling fluid from the rotor passes more easily between the conductors.
• the presence of a flange at this axial position makes it possible to redirect this cooling fluid towards the coil heads and thus improve the cooling of the machine.
• the flange can be made in one of the following materials: aluminium, steel, stainless steel, plastic, this list not being exhaustive.
• the machine can be used as a motor or as a generator.
• the machine can be reluctance. It can constitute a synchronous motor or, as a variant, a synchronous generator. As a further variant, it constitutes an asynchronous machine.
• the maximum speed of rotation of the machine can be high, being for example greater than 10,000 rpm, better still greater than 12,000 rpm, being for example of the order of 14,000 rpm to 15,000 rpm. min, or even 20,000 rpm or 24,000 rpm or 25,000 rpm.
• the maximum speed of rotation of the machine may be less than 100,000 rpm, or even 60,000 rpm, or even even less than 40,000 rpm, better still less than 30,000 rpm.
• the invention may be particularly suitable for high-powered machines.
• the machine may comprise a single inner rotor or, as a variant, an inner rotor and an outer rotor, arranged radially on either side of the stator and coupled in rotation.
• the machine can be inserted alone into a casing or inserted into a gearbox casing. In this case, it is inserted into a casing which also houses a gearbox.
• the notches can be at least partially closed.
• a partially closed notch makes it possible to create an opening at the level of the air gap, which can be used, for example, for the installation of electrical conductors for filling the notch.
• a partially closed notch is in particular made between two teeth which each have pole shoes at their free end, which close the notch at least in part.
• the notches can be completely closed.
• “fully closed notch” is meant notches which are not open radially towards the air gap.
• At least one notch, or even each notch can be continuously closed on the air gap side by a bridge of material coming in one piece with the teeth defining the notch. All the notches can be closed on the air gap side by bridges of material closing the notches. The material bridges may be integral with the teeth defining the notch. The stator mass then has no cutout between the teeth and the bridges of material closing the slots, and the slots are then continuously closed on the side of the air gap by the bridges of material coming in one piece with the teeth defining the notch.
• the notches can also be closed on the side opposite the air gap by an added yoke or in one piece with the teeth. The notches are then not open radially outwards.
• the stator mass may have no cutout between the teeth and the yoke.
• each of the notches has a continuously closed contour.
• continuously closed is meant that the notches have a continuous closed contour when viewed in cross section, taken perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine. You can go all the way around the notch without encountering a cutout in the stator mass.
• the stator may comprise coils arranged in a distributed manner in the slots, having in particular electrical conductors arranged in a row in the slots.
• distributed we mean that at least one of the coils passes successively through two non-adjacent slots.
• the electrical conductors may not be arranged in the notches loosely but in an orderly manner. They are stacked in the slots in a non-random manner, being for example arranged in rows of aligned electrical conductors.
• the stack of electrical conductors is for example a stack according to a hexagonal network in the case of electrical conductors of circular cross-section.
• the stator may include electrical conductors housed in the slots. Electrical conductors at least, see a majority of electrical conductors, can be pin-shaped, U-shaped or I-shaped.
• the pin can be U-shaped ("U-pin” in English) or straight, being in form of I (“I-pin” in English).
• the electrical conductors can thus form a distributed winding.
• the winding may not be concentrated or tooth wound.
• the stator has a concentrated winding.
• the stator may include teeth and coils disposed on the teeth.
• the stator can thus be wound on teeth, in other words with undistributed winding.
• the stator teeth may include pole shoes.
• the stator teeth are devoid of pole shoes.
• the stator may include an outer carcass surrounding the yoke.
• the teeth of the stator can be made with a stack of magnetic laminations, each covered with an insulating resin, in order to limit the losses by induced currents.
• the invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a method for cooling a rotating electrical machine as described above, in which the rotor is supplied with cooling fluid, which is oriented by the guidance towards the ends of the stator coils.
• the cooling fluid may not be pressurized.
• the cooling fluid can flow only by the effect of gravity and by the centrifugal force of the rotor. It may advantageously not be necessary to put the cooling fluid under pressure.
• Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a rotating electrical machine according to the invention
• FIG 2 is a perspective view of the guide parts of the machine of Figure 1,
• FIG 3 is a perspective view, schematic and partial, of the machine of Figure 1,
• FIG 4 is a view similar to Figure 3 of an alternative embodiment
• FIG 5 is a view similar to Figure 1 of an alternative embodiment
• Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 2 of the variant embodiment of Figure 5,
• FIG 7 is a view similar to Figure 1 of an alternative embodiment
• FIG 8 is a view similar to Figure 2 of the variant embodiment of Figure 7,
• FIG 9 is a detail view in longitudinal section of an alternative embodiment
• FIG 10 is a view similar to Figure 2 of the variant embodiment of Figure 9,
• FIG 11 Figure 11 is a view similar to Figure 9 of an alternative embodiment
• Figure 12 is a view similar to Figure 9 of an alternative embodiment
• FIG 13 is a view similar to Figure 1 of an alternative embodiment
• FIG 14 is a view similar to Figure 2 of the variant of the embodiment of Figure 13,
• Figure 15 is a view similar to Figure 3 of an alternative embodiment
• Figure 16 is a front view of a guide piece according to another embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 17 is a side view of the guide piece of Figure 16
• Figure 18 is a view similar to Figure 3 of an alternative embodiment.
• the electric machine 1 comprises a rotor 2 and a wound stator 3 which extend along a longitudinal axis X.
• the rotor 2 comprises a shaft 20 and a rotor mass 21.
• the wound stator 3 has coil ends 30.
• the rotor 2 and the stator 3 are arranged in a casing 4.
• the electric machine 1 is supplied with cooling fluid by the rotor 2.
• the cooling fluid can come from axial channels positioned either in the laminations of the rotor, or between the laminations of the rotor and the shaft. Alternatively, the cooling fluid may come from a channel formed in the shaft.
• the electric machine also comprises two flanges 22 arranged at the two axial ends of the rotor mass 21. Each flange 22 comprises one or more radial channels 220 for distributing cooling fluid. These radial channels 220 are supplied with cooling fluid by the rotor.
• the cooling fluid is ejected from the flanges 22 towards the coil heads 30 by centrifugal force when the electric machine is in operation.
• the electric machine is also supplied with cooling fluid from the housing 4. The cooling fluid flows through openings 40 to the coil heads 30 to cool them.
• the electric machine 1 comprises two guide devices 10 arranged at the two axial ends of the electric machine and a flange 11.
• the two guide devices 10 are symmetrical to each other with respect to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X of the electrical machine.
• the guide devices 10 are arranged radially between the coil heads 30 and the casing 4.
• the flange 11 is arranged radially above the coil heads 30, at the same position on the longitudinal axis X of the machine as the flanges 22.
• the flange 11 participates in particular in the mechanical retention of the stator in the housing.
• the guide devices 10 are arranged above the coil heads 3.
• the guide device 10 located on the left in FIG. 1 is in contact with the flange 11.
• the guide devices 10 are coaxial with the longitudinal axis X of the electric machine.
• the guide devices 10 are entirely annular and include a cylindrical part 105.
• Each guide device 10 comprises an internal surface 100 and an external surface 101, visible in FIG. 3. Openings 102 are formed between the internal surface
• the openings 102 are substantially rectangular on the inner and outer surfaces. Apertures 102 are of constant cross section. The openings 102 extend along an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• the openings 102 extend between the outer and inner faces along an elongation axis L.
• the elongation axes L of all the openings 102 are oriented in the same oblique direction with respect to a perpendicular plane to the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• the elongation axis L of the openings 102 is inclined with respect to a plane containing the longitudinal axis X of the machine by an angle Q of the order of 25°.
• the 101 of the guide device is constant. In this example, it is of the order of 4 mm.
• the cooling fluid distributed from the housing 4 flows through orifices 110 formed in the flange 11, then it flows through the openings 102 of the guide device 10.
• the guide device 10 allows the flow cooling fluid from the crankcase and, in particular thanks to the inclination of the openings, prevents the rise of the cooling fluid. This makes it possible to concentrate a greater quantity of cooling fluid at the level of the coil heads 30. The cooling of the electric machine 1 is thus improved.
• the guide device 10 is entirely annular. It comprises an internal surface 100 and an external surface 101. Openings 102, 102' are formed between the internal surface 100 and the external surface 101.
• the openings 102, 102' have a substantially rectangular cross-section.
• the openings 102, 102' extend along an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• One half of the openings 102 has an elongation axis L1 of a first inclination with respect to a radial axis in a transverse plane of the machine.
• the rest of the openings 102' have an elongation axis L2 of a second inclination, opposite to the first, with respect to a radial axis in a transverse plane of the machine.
• An opening 102 having an elongation axis L1 of first inclination is surrounded on either side by openings 102' having an elongation axis L2 of second inclination.
• the openings 102, 102' are arranged alternately in the shape of a V and in the shape of a truncated V in the circumferential direction of the machine.
• the openings arranged in a V shape are arranged in a V shape with a half-angle at the vertex a of the order of 45°.
• the openings arranged in the shape of a truncated V are arranged in the shape of a truncated V with a half-angle at the vertex b of around 45°.
• the cooling fluid from the housing 4 flows through holes 110 provided in the flange 11 then through the openings 102, 102'.
• the distance between two adjacent openings 102, 102' on the outer surface of the guide device is not constant.
• the distance between two adjacent openings 102, 102' on the internal surface of the guide device is of the order of 0 mm, when two adjacent openings meet at the tip of a V, or of the order of 4 mm.
• the guide devices 10 comprise a tapered portion 103 coaxial with the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• the tapered part 103 is arranged longitudinally beyond the coil heads 30, that is to say it exceeds the coil heads 30 on the right or left.
• This tapered part 103 is oriented towards the coil heads and is not in contact with the coil heads.
• the tapered portion 103 of the guide device widens when moving away longitudinally from the coil heads 30 towards the outside of the machine.
• the cooling fluid which comes from the rotor 2 flows along the wall of the casing 3 then along one of the guide devices 10 to be redirected towards the coil heads 30.
• the outer surface of the frustoconical part 103 has an angle of inclination i of the order of 30° with respect to the longitudinal axis X of the machine in a plane containing the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• the guide devices 10 comprise a tapered part 103 coaxial with the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• the frustoconical part 103 is arranged above the coil heads 30. This frustoconical part 103 is oriented towards the coil heads and is not in contact with the coil heads. It approaches the longitudinal axis X of the machine when moving away longitudinally from the coil heads towards the outside of the machine.
• the external surface of the tapered part has an inclination of the order of 30° with respect to the longitudinal axis X of the machine in a plane containing the longitudinal axis X of the machine.
• the guide devices 10 comprise a vertical wall 106 which extends from the internal wall of the casing 4 towards the coil heads 30.
• This vertical wall 106 makes it possible to break the flow of fluid cooling which flows along the internal wall of the casing 4 and which comes from the rotor and/or the casing. Thus, the flow of cooling fluid is directed towards the coil heads 30.
• the vertical wall 106 is in contact with the coil heads 30.
• the height h of the vertical wall 106 in the radial direction is equal to the gap between the coil heads and the internal wall of the casing.
• the height h of the vertical wall 106 in the radial direction is greater than the gap between the coil heads and the inner wall of the casing.
• the vertical wall 106 of the guide device 10 is not in contact with the coil heads. This arrangement allows better axial flow of the cooling fluid.
• the guide devices 10 comprise a frustoconical part 103 and a cylindrical part 105.
• the frustoconical part 103 is similar to that described with reference to Figures 5 and 6.
• the cylindrical part 105 is similar to that described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
• the guide device 10 comprises a mesh part 107, for example a flexible mesh part.
• the mesh part 107 is in contact with the coil ends 30 of the stator.
• the mesh part 107 makes it possible to attract by capillarity the cooling fluid coming from the rotor and/or that coming from the casing 4.
• the guide device 10 comprises fastening means 108.
• the guide device 10 then also acts as a flange and participates in the mechanical retention of the electrical machine.
• the guide device 10 comprises on its internal surface 100 ribs 109 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the electric machine. These ribs 109 make it possible to break the flow of cooling fluid coming from the rotor to redirect it towards the coil heads 30.
• the part of the internal surface 100 of the guide device which comprises ribs 109 extends over substantially 120° around the longitudinal axis X of the electric machine 1.
• the guide device 10 further comprises a vertical wall 106.
• a guiding device can comprise a cylindrical part with openings and a vertical wall.
• the rotor associated with the stator described can be wound, with a squirrel cage or with permanent magnets, or even with variable reluctance.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

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• 2021
  • 2021-07-12 FR FR2107538A patent/FR3125178A1/fr active Pending
• 2022
  • 2022-07-08 WO PCT/FR2022/051371 patent/WO2023285753A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2022-07-08 CN CN202280049586.3A patent/CN118302939A/zh active Pending
  • 2022-07-08 EP EP22754465.7A patent/EP4371219A1/fr active Pending
  • 2022-07-08 US US18/572,065 patent/US20240283329A1/en active Pending

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