Classifications

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  • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
  • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
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  • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
  • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
  • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
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  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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  • B32B15/06—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of natural rubber or synthetic rubber
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  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
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  • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
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  • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
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  • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a thermal insulation mat for battery systems, in particular lithium-ion battery systems, the thermal insulation mat being arranged between the individual cells of the battery system in order, in the event of a battery cell failure, for example as a result of overheating of the battery cell, to prevent the overheating from progressing to prevent adjacent battery cells.
• the thermal insulation mat according to the invention can advantageously be used for battery systems such as are used in the field of electromobility.
• Battery systems are usually made up of a number of individual cells in order to be able to obtain the required high energy densities.
• a defined number of individual cells are combined to form a module and individual modules to form a stack and are electrically connected to one another.
• the battery systems received are housed in a hermetically sealed housing to protect them from external influences.
• Prismatic cells have a cuboid shape with a rigid housing (also known as cell cups), while pouch cells, also known as coffee bag cells, have a flexible film shell.
• the present invention relates in particular to battery systems with rechargeable batteries, so-called secondary cells, also referred to as accumulators.
• a battery system that is frequently used, for example in the field of electromobility, is one based on lithium ion batteries
• the determining factors for this critical temperature value in lithium-ion cells are in particular the electrolyte or its composition and the triggering range of the shutdown separator.
• Liquid electrolytes are used for lithium-ion cells that contain components that have a boiling point of around 100 °C and are highly flammable.
• the cell temperature must therefore be kept below the boiling point in order to avoid an increase in pressure in the hermetically sealed cells. If the internal cell pressure is too high, a safety valve opens, the gas that has formed escapes and the electrolyte, which is highly reactive under these conditions, usually ignites immediately.
• Shutdown separators are a safety measure to prevent ion transport and interrupt the flow of electricity by closing the micropores of the separator when a critical temperature is exceeded.
• Shutdown separators are known which are made up of a laminate of two polymer films, the polymers having different melting points.
• frequently used shutdown separators are constructed from a polyethylene/polypropylene laminate with a melting point of polyethylene of 120°C and polypropylene of 170°C. If the melting point of the polymer film with the lower melting point, here polyethylene, is exceeded, it melts and closes the pores of the polymer film with the higher melting point, here polypropylene.
• the cell temperatures must be kept below 150° C., in particular below 120° C. and preferably below 100° C., in order to avoid overheating of the cell and the associated safety risks. It is known to provide a thermal insulating device between adjacent cells in order to prevent adjacent cells from being heated above the critical temperature and thus triggering a cell fire.
• Thermal insulation should also have the function of an electrical insulator to electrically insulate the cells or the potential differences between the cells of a module that are present on the cell housing.
• This system-immanent volume change must be taken into account in particular in the manufacture of battery systems based on prismatic cells due to their solid cell housing.
• the increase in volume of the cell components leads to a bulging in the central area of the large main surfaces.
• the edge area is mechanically stabilized via the corners to the adjacent surfaces.
• the main surfaces can bulge by 0.2 mm to less than 1 mm when loading an aged prismatic cell, which can result in a total expansion of 2 mm to less than 10 mm for a module with usually 10 to 14 individual cells.
• both the cyclic volume change in the can compensate for the course of loading and unloading as well as the continuous increase in volume over the service life of a cell.
• the thermal insulation mat should have the lowest possible weight, be installed in a space-saving manner and be inexpensive.
• Thermal insulation means that in the event of a cell fire with a heat development of 600 °C and more within just 30 seconds, the heat transfer to a neighboring cell should advantageously be limited to below 100 °C.
• Ensuring compensation for cell volume change over lifetime requires that the material be elastically deformable and have a sufficiently low compression set so that it does not settle under pressure and temperature variations.
• a desired number of individual cells typically 12 to 14 pieces, are combined into a stack, pressed with a defined prestressing force of 5 to 19 kN, for example, and fixed under this prestressing force in order to achieve a defined to obtain stack geometry.
• a thermal insulation mat must be able to maintain this preload over its entire lifetime in order to ensure the dimensional stability of the module.
• a thermal insulation mat with an elastically deformable base plate made of a fiber-elastomer composite, with a number of ribs being provided on the two main surfaces of the base plate, which ribs extend parallel to one another and at a distance from one another across the main surfaces of the base plate , wherein the ribs of the two main surfaces are arranged offset to one another, and the base plate with rib structure is surrounded by a peripheral frame, the ribs being decoupled from the frame.
• the frame is also formed from an elastomeric material. "Staggered arrangement" of the ribs means that the ribs of one major surface of the base plate extend within the distance between two ribs of the other major surface of the base plate.
• the spacing between the ribs should be wider than the width of the ribs across them to allow deflection of the rib into the spacing.
• Decoupled means that the ribs are not connected to the frame, i.e. neither the end faces of the ribs nor the outer side surfaces of the outermost ribs are in contact with the frame.
• the dimensioning of the thermal insulation mat according to the invention depends on the respective application.
• the frame or the edge of the frame can protrude beyond the circumference of the battery cells, for example with the long sides or short sides or with both.
• the elastically deformable base plate has a flat rectangular shape with two main surfaces. On each of the major faces are a number of ribs which are parallel and spaced apart and extend across the major faces, the ribs of the two major faces being offset from one another.
• the base plate with rib arrangement is surrounded by a surrounding frame.
• the thermal insulation mat according to the invention is arranged face to face between adjacent prismatic battery cells.
• the free upper side of the frame rests against the adjacent battery cell or battery cells.
• the frame of the insulating mat thus runs along the dimensionally rigid edges of the battery cells and can be supported against the edges.
• the prestressing pressure that is exerted on the battery cells and the frame of the thermal insulation mats during module assembly can be intercepted and compensated by the surrounding frame.
• the frame should at most deform only slightly as a result of the prestressing pressure and have a correspondingly low compressibility.
• the compressive strength of the frame can be influenced and adjusted in various ways through the elasticity of the material, the frame width and the frame structure.
• the frame height can be selected such that a desired frame thickness is obtained after bracing during module assembly.
• the ribs deviate due to deformation of the base plate into the space below the respective rib between the ribs arranged on the other side of the base plate.
• the pressure is relieved, e.g. when the bulge swells due to discharge, the ribs can return to their original state due to the elasticity of the base plate.
• the elastically deformable base plate with ribs arranged on it acts as a spring element, with compression occurring under pressure and rebounding back into the initial state under pressure relief.
• an adjustable pressure can also be exerted on the cell surfaces via the base plate acting as a spring element with ribs arranged thereon, so that the cell stack is slightly compressed in addition to the prestressing pressure. It has been shown that an additional pressure that can be achieved in this way can have a positive effect on the cycle stability of the cells in the stack.
• the amount of deflection can be controlled by a number of different measures, which can be used individually or in combination of two or more of them.
• the amount of deflection can be geometrically controlled by the spacing between the ribs, which should be at least 1.5 to 2 times the rib width.
• the amount of deflection is further determined by the design and material of the base plate.
• the base plate is formed from a fiber-elastomer composite with a matrix of an elastomeric plastic (elastomer) and embedded therein at least one intermediate layer of fibers (also referred to as fiber intermediate layer).
• the elastomer In addition to the required elasticity, the elastomer must have sufficient temperature resistance in order to be able to withstand the high temperatures in the event of a cell fire.
• Suitable high temperature resistant elastomers are silicone elastomers such as methyl phenyl silicone rubber (PMQ), methyl phenyl vinyl silicone rubber (PVMQ), methyl silicone rubber, methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ), fluorovinyl methyl silicone rubber (FVMQ ), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), natural rubber (NR), butyl rubber, isobutene isoprene rubber (IIR), and isoprene Rubber (IR) and polyurethane (PUR).
• silicone elastomers such as methyl phenyl silicone rubber (PMQ), methyl phenyl vinyl silicone rubber (PVMQ), methyl silicone rubber, methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ), fluorovinyl methyl silicone rubber (FVMQ ), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR
• the elasticity of the elastomer should preferably be in a Shore A hardness range of 20 to 80, in particular 45 to 75 and particularly preferably 50 to 60.
• mineral fibers are used for the intermediate layer of fibers, such as glass fibers, basalt fibers, silicate fibers and oxide-ceramic fibers.
• the mineral fibers can be in the form of a fabric such as a woven fabric or scrim, and the fabric itself can be made from rovings or yarns made from these fibers.
• the fibers are typically used with basis weights of 20 g/m 2 to 200 g/m 2 . If, for example, two or more intermediate fiber layers are provided, the basis weights of the individual layers can be in the lower range or even below.
• the fibers are embedded in the elastomer matrix as a reinforcing intermediate layer.
• a thin layer of elastomer can be provided as a binder between the individual intermediate fiber layers.
• a preferred combination of materials for the base plate is a silicone elastomer with one or two intermediate layers of glass fiber fabric.
• the deformability and thus the extent of deflection of the base plate is determined by the orientation of the fibers.
• the lowest deformability shows a 0° / 90° orientation, so that there is no or at most only a slight deflection.
• the fibers show maximum displaceability of the fibers with maximum mutual deflection of the ribs.
• An example of a suitable orientation lying between these values is a 307120° orientation.
• the base plate stretches longitudinally, reducing the angle between the fibers, i.e. there is an interaction between the matrix and fibers.
• the elasticity can also be modified by adding inorganic fillers to the elastomer matrix.
• the fillers can take on a purely mechanical function. When the elastomer deforms, the distance between the filler particles decreases until they touch, which blocks further deformation of the elastomer.
• the extent of the blocking effect can be influenced by a number of parameters, such as degree of filling, particle size and shape, particle size distribution (mono-, bi- or trimodal).
• particle shape for example round or sharp-edged, influences the sliding behavior and the blocking behavior of the particles in relation to one another and in the matrix.
• the fillers can be of a ceramic, carbon-based or metallic nature.
• their thermal and electrical properties must be taken into account with regard to the basic thermal and electrical insulation function of the thermal insulation mat according to the invention.
• Fillers which have the lowest possible electrical conductivity, such as ceramic fillers, are therefore preferred.
• fillers can also be added to improve the thermal behavior of the elastomer.
• fillers that reduce heat conduction can be used.
• These can be materials that create insulating air or gas cushions, such as hollow bodies, for example hollow glass spheres, or materials with high porosity, such as aerogels, aerosils or expanded materials.
• fillers which react endothermally at fire temperature and withdraw thermal energy from the system. These are, for example, at fire temperature, ceramizing, vitrifying or charring, cooling and oxygen-removing materials, such as are known in principle as flame retardants for plastics.
• Suitable examples are metal hydroxides or metal oxyhydroxides, which split off water when heated and form a protective ceramic layer, such as for example aluminum hydroxide (aluminium trihydrate (ATH)), which reacts from approx. 200 °C to form Al2O3 and water, or magnesium hydroxide, which reacts from approx. 300 °C to form MgO and water.
• a protective ceramic layer such as for example aluminum hydroxide (aluminium trihydrate (ATH)), which reacts from approx. 200 °C to form Al2O3 and water, or magnesium hydroxide, which reacts from approx. 300 °C to form MgO and water.
• suitable heat-withdrawing fillers are based on polyphosphates, such as melamine or ammonium polyphosphate, which have an intumescent (bloating) effect with the release of ammonia (NH3) and, through the reaction of the ammonia to form nitrogen and water, have an oxygen-removing effect.
• polyphosphates such as melamine or ammonium polyphosphate, which have an intumescent (bloating) effect with the release of ammonia (NH3) and, through the reaction of the ammonia to form nitrogen and water, have an oxygen-removing effect.
• the material properties can advantageously be set and adapted in a targeted manner by varying the fillers and the degree of filling.
• the degree of filling to be achieved depends heavily on the grain size distribution, the grain size and the surface reactivity of the filler particles.
• the degree of filling for particles with a main proportion of particles with a size between 10 and 100 ⁇ m can be up to 60 percent by weight and for nanoscale particles well over 100 percent by volume.
• a prerequisite for all fillers is that they do not adversely affect the elasticity behavior of the elastomer.
• passages can be provided in the thermal insulation mat according to the invention, if required, for discharging gases that form as a result of the reaction of the fillers and thermal decomposition of the elastomer. These passages can be used to counteract the creation of an overpressure in the area between the wall of the battery cells and the thermal insulation mat in a module that is essentially hermetically sealed by the preload pressure.
• interruptions running transversely in the ribs and/or outlet openings in the surrounding frame can be provided.
• Reaction gases that may have formed can then be distributed over the surface of the base plate along the interruptions and escape through the outlet openings.
• interruptions have a continuous arrangement. Interruptions in adjacent ribs are provided in extension of each other to form a continuous channel which is interrupted by the spaces between the ribs. Due to the continuous arrangement of the interruptions, the gases can escape in a directed manner.
• the dimensions of the thermal insulation mat according to the invention and its structures are determined by the requirements of the specific use.
• thermal intermediate insulation in battery systems made of prismatic battery cells, for example in modules it should have the smallest possible overall thickness.
• the thickness in the unloaded state should not be more than 3 mm with a rib height of 0.4 to 0.5 mm, a rib width in a range of 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm and a distance between the ribs in a range 1.5 to 3 times the rib width and a frame thickness of 5 to 10 mm.
• the total thickness of the insulation mat is 1.5 mm or less, in particular 1 mm or less, under a preload pressure of the battery module of 5 kN.
• an intermediate layer made of a metal foil which reflects infrared radiation for example an aluminum foil, can also be provided in the base plate.
• the foil should be as thin as possible, for example about 0.1 mm.
• a thermal insulation mat is provided that can meet all desirable requirements for practical use:
• the base plate made of a fiber-elastomer composite can be compressed by at least 0.4 mm in order to be able to compensate for the bulging of the battery cells due to cell aging and charging cycles;
• the breakdown voltage resistance can advantageously be set to at least 3 kV
• thermal cell insulation mat according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures, which schematically show an embodiment of the thermal insulation mat according to the invention, as is suitable for prismatic battery cells. It shows:
• FIG. 1 shows a top view of an arrangement of four prismatic battery cells with a thermal insulation mat according to the invention arranged between them,
• FIG. 2 shows a side view of a prismatic battery cell in the expanded state
• FIG. 3 shows a view from above of a thermal insulation mat according to the invention
• FIG. 4 shows a side view from above of the thermal insulation mat according to the invention according to FIG. 3,
• FIG. 5a shows a longitudinal section through a rib and frame of the thermal insulation mat according to the invention according to FIG. 4 in the unloaded state
• FIG. 5b shows the representation according to FIG. 5a in the pressure-loaded state
• FIG. 6 shows a schematic exploded view of the thermal insulation mat according to the invention without a frame
• FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of the base plate with staggered ribs in the loaded (compressed) state
• FIG. 8a shows a view from above of the basic structure of a base plate according to the invention made of fiber-elastomer composite in the unloaded state
• FIG. 8b shows the structure according to FIG. 8a in the loaded (compressed) state
• FIG. 9a shows a schematic of an embodiment for the basic structure of a base plate made of a fiber-elastomer composite that is filled with filler material in the unloaded state
• FIG. 9b shows a schematic of the structure according to FIG. 9a in the loaded (compressed) state
• FIG. 10 shows a schematic top view of the thermal insulation mat according to the invention with an embodiment for channel structures for gas discharge
• FIG. 11 shows a diagram with the results of a heat transfer measurement on a sample produced according to the invention
• FIG. 12 shows a diagram with the spring characteristics of samples produced according to the invention as a function of the rib spacing
• FIG. 13 shows a diagram with the spring characteristics of samples produced according to the invention as a function of the hardness (Shore A) of the silicone elastomer
• FIG. 14 shows a diagram with a comparison of the deformation behavior of samples produced according to the invention as a function of the rib spacing.
• FIG. 1 shows a battery arrangement with four prismatic battery cells 2 according to the prior art, a thermal insulation mat 1 according to the invention being provided between two adjacent cells 2 in each case.
• the internal structure of the battery cell 2 is hermetically enclosed by a solid cuboid or prismatic cell housing, which has two connection terminals 3, 4 and a safety valve 5 on a narrow side surface.
• the safety valve 5 opens when the internal cell pressure rises above a critical value due to reaction gases formed as a result of a temperature increase, so that the gases can escape and an explosion of the cell is prevented.
• FIG. 2 shows a prismatic battery cell 2 with bulging main surfaces 6 of the cell housing. The deformation occurs essentially only in the central area of the main surfaces 6, since the edges of the cell housing are mechanically stable over the corners to the adjacent smaller side surfaces and do not deform during normal operation.
• Figure 3 is a top plan view of the thermal insulation mat 1 of the invention clearly showing the rib arrangement of the insulation mat of the invention with base plate 7 and a series of ribs 8 extending parallel to one another and spaced 9 apart across base plate 7. The distance 9 is wider than the ribs 8.
• the rib arrangement is surrounded by a peripheral frame 10, the ribs 8 being decoupled from the frame 10, i.e. the ribs 8 have no contact with the frame 10. Neither the end faces of the ribs 8 nor the side faces of the outer ribs are in contact with the Frame 10 connected so that there is a gap 11 between the end faces of the ribs 10 and the frame 8 .
• the frame 10 here has a flat, free upper side with which the frame 10 rests against a peripheral edge of a battery cell when installed. Also, in the embodiment shown, the frame 10 is wider than the ribs 8 so that it has a higher resistance to deformation than the ribs. When installed under load, the frame 10 can accommodate the preload pressure without the preload pressure affecting the ribs.
• 4 shows a representation of the thermal insulation mat 1 according to the invention with a view obliquely from the front. The arrangement of the ribs 8 on the upper main surface of the base plate 7 in the figure as well as the peripheral frame 10, which extends around the upper and lower rib arrangement, can be clearly seen with base plate 7 interposed therebetween.
• the base plate 7 has an intermediate layer 12 made of fiber material.
• FIGS. 5a and 5b show a longitudinal section along a rib 8 and through the surrounding frame 10 in an unloaded state (FIG. 5a) and in the loaded state when pressure is applied to the frame 10 by the prestressing pressure when assembling
• the height of the frame 10 is higher than that of the ribs 8. Between the face of the ribs 8 and the frame 10 there is a gap 11 which continues around the entire rib arrangement.
• FIG. 5b shows the state when the battery module is subjected to a pressure load due to the preload pressure during assembly.
• the height of the frame 10 is compressed by the prestressing pressure, with the height of the frame 10 and the ribs 8 adapting.
• the gap 11 remains even when the frame 10 is subjected to a compressive load, so that the ribs 8 are decoupled from the surrounding frame 10 even when the frame 10 is subjected to a compressive load.
• the desired deformation resistance can be adjusted over the width of the frame, with the deformation resistance increasing with the width. Furthermore, the deformation resistance can be adjusted through the selection of the material, the degree of cross-linking of the elastomer, the compression modulus, etc.
• the frame 10 is loaded by the preload pressure, but the ribs 8 remain essentially unloaded.
• FIG. 6 shows an exploded view of an embodiment of the thermal insulation mat 1 according to the invention, with the surrounding frame 10 being omitted to clarify the structures.
• the arrangement of the ribs 8 on the major faces of the base plate 7 can be seen, the ribs 8 on each major face being parallel to one another and spaced a distance 9 from one another and the ribs 8 extending transversely across the major face.
• the distance 9 between the ribs 8 of a main surface is greater than the width of the ribs 8, preferably the distance 9 is at least 1.5 to 2 times the width of the ribs 8.
• the ribs of the two main surfaces are offset from one another , wherein a rib 8 of one main surface runs along a distance 9 of the other main surface.
• the base plate 7 is formed from an elastomeric material which has an intermediate layer of mineral fibers 12 .
• additional elastomer material can be provided as a binding agent between two intermediate layers made of fiber material.
• the same elastomeric material can be used for the manufacture of the base plate 7 with interposed fiber material 12 and for the ribs 8, whereby the ribs 8 can be molded as an integral part of the base plate 7.
• the frame 10 can also be formed from the same elastomeric material and molded as an integral part together with the base plate 7.
• the base plate 7 forms a zigzag course with bulges protruding alternately upwards and downwards into the respective spacings 9 .
• the pressure load decreases, for example during the course of discharging the battery cells, these deformations recede accordingly due to the elasticity of the base plate 7 .
• the extent of the deformation is essentially determined by the width of the distance 9 and the deformability of the base plate 7, the is influenced in particular by the hardness (elasticity) of the elastomer and the orientation of the fibers, and as illustrated by way of example in FIGS. 8a, b and 9a, b.
• Figures 8a, b and 9a, b each show a top view of the base plate 7 with fiber intermediate layer 12 with a schematic representation of the internal structure in the unloaded state ( Figures 9a and 10a) and in the compressed state ( Figures 9b and 10b).
• the fibers of the intermediate fiber layer 12 each have a ⁇ 45° orientation, so that fibers with different signs intersect at a 90° angle 14a.
• the elastomer matrix 13 in which the fibers are embedded is indicated as a gray area. Also shown are ribs 8 extending across the surface. The edge running left and right along the ribs 8 indicates the underlying distance 9 between the staggered ribs 8 provided on the underside of the base plate 7 .
• the fibers with different signs intersect at a 90° angle 14a. If pressure is exerted on the thermal insulation mat 1 and the ribs 8 deflect, the fiber matrix composite of the base plate 7 lengthens (indicated by the arrows pointing to the left or right) while reducing the width (indicated by the arrows at the top and bottom edge in of the figure), as shown in Figure 8b. As a result, the crossing angle 14b between the fibers is reduced, here to 60°.
• the deformation occurs analogously when pressure is exerted and the ribs 8 deflect in a base plate whose elastomer material has filler particles 15 added to it, as shown in FIG. 9a in the unloaded state and FIG. 9b in the deflected state.
• Filler particles 15 of different sizes were used for this example.
• the base plate 7 lengthens (left and right arrows) and the width of the base plate 7 decreases (upper and lower arrows).
• the crossing angle 14b of fibers with different signs is reduced to 60°.
• the extent of the deformation is additionally controlled by the filler particles 15, since the distance between the particles 15 is reduced by the compression. As soon as the distance is reduced to such an extent that the particles 15 touch and interlock with one another, further deformation is blocked since the fibers can no longer shift relative to one another.
• FIG. 10 is a top view of a thermal insulation mat 1 according to the invention with parallel ribs 8, peripheral frames 10 and gap 11 between ribs 8 and peripheral frames 10, the ribs 8 having a structure of interruptions 16 extending essentially transversely across the ribs 8 .
• These interruptions 16 and outlet openings 17, 18 are used to discharge reaction gases that can form as a result of phase change and decomposition, in particular of fillers, when overheated.
• the resulting gas phase together with the gas phase that results from the thermal decomposition of the elastomer, can lead to very high gas pressures in the area between the cell wall and the base plate 7 that is sealed off by the frame 10 .
• the interruptions 16 are formed here in successive ribs 8 as a continuous structure.
• the interruptions 16 in the rib arranged to the left or right next to a rib 8 form the continuation of the interruption 16 in the rib 8 lying in between.
• a continuous channel for gas discharge is obtained.
• the interruptions 16 each extend in a diagonal line starting from the center of the base plate in the direction of the four corners and result in the shape of a wide X in the overall picture.
• outlet openings 17 , 18 for discharging the reaction gases from the intermediate space area between the cell wall and the thermal insulation mat 1 are also provided in the short sides of the peripheral frame 8 .
• the results of a heat transfer measurement on an exemplary cell insulation mat are shown in FIG.
• the investigation was carried out on a heat transfer measuring stand at a pressure of 1.9 bar to simulate the swelling process.
• the test piece was made from a silicone elastomer SK85L7 from ELANTAS with Shore A 45 with two layers of E-glass fiber fabric, each with a weight per unit area of 163 g/m 2 .
• the dimensions of the specimen were 235mm x 113.5mm x 2.0mm, corresponding to the dimensions of a typical prismatic cell.
• the rib height was 0.4 mm
• the rib width was 1.0 mm
• the rib spacing was 2.0 mm.
• the sample was first held at 50° C. for 5 minutes to ensure a homogeneous temperature distribution, with the pressure being regulated during this time.
• FIGS. 12 and 13 show stress-strain diagrams with the spring characteristics of typical material samples for the cell insulation mat according to the invention.
• the dimension of the specimens was 40 mm x 40 mm, with a rib height of 0.4 mm, rib width of 2 mm and a total sample thickness of 2 mm.
• the thickness of the intermediate fiber layer was between 0.8 and 0.9 mm.
• FIG. 12 shows the spring behavior as a function of the rib spacing under otherwise identical conditions
• FIG. 13 shows the change in spring behavior as a function of the hardness of the silicone elastomer with glass fiber fabric under otherwise identical conditions.
• specimens made of silicone elastomer ADDV-42 with a Shore A hardness of 45 and an intermediate fiber layer made of an E-glass fiber fabric with a canvas weave with a basis weight of 25 g/m 2 and an orientation of +/- 45° were used.
• the rib spacing of the material samples was a uniform 2 mm.
• the intermediate fiber layer was in each case an E-glass fiber fabric of the canvas weave with a basis weight of 80 g/m 2 and an orientation of 0790°.
• FIG. 14 shows the deformation behavior of samples of different overall thicknesses as a function of the rib spacing under preload and full load.
• the dimensions of the specimens were as described above for the tests of Figures 12 and 13, but with a variation in the rib spacing.
• the silicone elastomer SK85 L7-45 was used according to Table 1 with two intermediate fiber layers made of an E-glass fiber fabric with a canvas weave with a weight per unit area of 80 g/m 2 and an orientation of +/- 45°.
• the initial uncompressed thickness of each sample varied from 1.860 mm to 1.530 mm.
• the samples were subjected to a prestressing load of 0.186 N/mm 2 and a maximum surface pressure of 1.115 N/mm 2 and the extent of the deformation was measured.
• the prestressing strength corresponded to the usually used prestressing strength of 5 kN.
• the aim was to determine the variation in deformation by a target thickness of 1.4 mm under preload, which is typically the case today for applications with prismatic battery cells.
• the present invention relates to a thermal insulation mat 1 for the insulation of adjacent battery cells 2, in particular prismatic battery cells, in battery systems from an elastically deformable base plate 7 made of a fiber-elastomer composite, wherein on the two main surfaces of
• Base plate 7 is provided with a defined number of ribs 8, which extend parallel to one another and at a distance from one another across the main surfaces of the base plate 7, the rib arrangement of the two main surfaces being surrounded by a peripheral frame 10, and located between the ribs (8) and Frame 10 is a gap 11, wherein the fiber-elastomer composite of
• Base plate 7 is formed from an elastomer matrix with at least one intermediate layer of mineral fibers embedded therein, and the thermal insulation mat at the same time compensating for the system-inherent change in volume of the battery cells as a result of chemical aging of the cell components and the cyclical swelling and swelling of the cells during charging and discharging can.

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• 2021
  • 2021-07-16 DE DE102021118437.1A patent/DE102021118437B3/de active Active
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