EP4350097A1 - Dynamische isolationswandanordnung und zugehöriges steuerungsverfahren - Google Patents

Dynamische isolationswandanordnung und zugehöriges steuerungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4350097A1
EP4350097A1 EP23200345.9A EP23200345A EP4350097A1 EP 4350097 A1 EP4350097 A1 EP 4350097A1 EP 23200345 A EP23200345 A EP 23200345A EP 4350097 A1 EP4350097 A1 EP 4350097A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
layer
air cavity
permeable material
outer layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23200345.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andrea Alongi
Stefano Rondo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Irid3 Srl
Original Assignee
Irid3 Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Irid3 Srl filed Critical Irid3 Srl
Publication of EP4350097A1 publication Critical patent/EP4350097A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
    • E04B1/7612—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels in combination with an air space
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/46—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose specially adapted for making walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
    • E04C2/523—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling for ventilating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B2001/7691—Heat reflecting layers or coatings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to dynamic insulation wall modules for making air-permeable walls interposed between an indoor environment, i.e. a confined environment, and the outdoor environment of a building.
  • the invention further relates to air-permeable walls made by the composition of these modules.
  • buildings consist of a partially opaque and partially transparent envelope, which has the purpose to define the geometry of the same buildings and to mitigate the outdoor climatic conditions, thus ensuring the comfort conditions required by the occupants of the confined environments, thanks also to the contribution of heating and cooling systems. Additionally, these environments require adequate air changes in order to ensure adequate hygienic and sanitary conditions.
  • the energy required to maintain the internal thermal conditions imposed by the user depends, among other things, on the heat exchange through the envelope (conduction losses) and the heat load related to the ventilation of the environments (ventilation losses) necessary to ensure proper hygiene conditions in the presence of people.
  • the heat exchange conditions through the envelope depend on the heat resistance of the envelope structures, whereas the heat load conditions related to ventilation of the environments depend on the air flow rates and the inlet temperature thereof.
  • the common practice is to reduce conduction losses by increasing the heat resistance of the envelope, e.g. by installing layers of insulating material (by way of example, the external thermal insulation is considered).
  • the heat resistance of the conventional envelope, and of the materials that constitute it is an inherent and invariable characteristic thereof and affects the thermal power exchanged through the same envelope as a result of a given temperature difference between the inside and outside.
  • the air entering the confined environments is not only that related to natural or mechanical ventilation, but may be due to parasitic infiltration over which the users have no control (e.g., air entering through joints between walls and windows or as a result of imperfect air-tightness of windows and doors).
  • the common practice is that of trying to mitigate this phenomenon as much as possible, by improving the air tightness of the envelope as a whole, and quantifying its performance through measurements of the "blower door test" type typically adopted for passive houses.
  • WO2009112715A1 describes a wall structure comprising two air cavities delimited by continuous layers of air-impermeable materials.
  • air-impermeable inner and intermediate layers delimit an inner cavity, as well as an outer layer and the intermediate layer mentioned, both air impermeable, delimit an outer cavity.
  • the airflow in these cavities may preferably be circulated by natural convection with the possible aid of solenoid valves or, if necessary, by the use of fans.
  • the behaviour of this wall results in limited thermal performance, also in terms of filtering ability, risk mitigation of interstitial condensation, etc.
  • a typical problem with permeable walls is the drop in internal surface temperature when air enters through the wall in winter.
  • a further problem with permeable walls is the need for air tightness of components which, by design, do not have to be permeable (inner layers) so as to have complete control of the air flow rates through a permeable wall of known type.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic insulation wall module which allows to reduce the drawbacks highlighted so far for buildings built according to the known art.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic insulation wall module which allows to limit energy consumption for optimal air conditioning of a confined environment.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic insulation wall module that allows to effectively limit particulates harmful to health to enter a confined environment.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic insulation wall module that can be easily combined with other modules of the same type to make air-permeable walls.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic insulation wall module which allows to increase the efficiency of heat recovery in winter for the passage of air through the wall.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic insulation wall module which allows to mitigate the lowering of internal surface temperature in the winter period.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic insulation wall module which allows to reduce effective transmittance in winter.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic insulation wall module capable of facilitating the cooling of the masses in summer.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic insulation wall module capable of ensuring better control of the air tightness of the non-permeable wall layers.
  • a dynamic insulation wall module is used to make air-permeable walls interposed between a confined indoor environment and the outdoor environment of a building.
  • the module comprises at least one air cavity in which airflow is circulated, produced and controlled by a ventilation unit.
  • the module comprises, according to a direction from the external environment to the internal environment, at least the following layers:
  • the layers of air-permeable materials facilitate the exchange of airflows with the air cavities provided in the wall module and ensure the filtering of the external airflow entering the module, whereas the innermost layer of insulating and heat-reflecting material reduces the thermal transmittance of the module, i.e. it is used to mitigate the problems of lowering the internal surface temperature of the permeable walls in winter and to ensure the air-tightness toward the inside of the layers. Air-tightness control obtained with the innermost layer of insulating and heat-reflecting material is necessary to allow the invention to be operated properly.
  • the layer of insulating and heat-reflecting material with the air-tight membrane allows to have complete control of the air flow rates through the permeable wall modules.
  • a second air cavity, in which airflow is circulated may be arranged between the outer layer of air-permeable material, i.e. that which includes exterior cladding panels for the protection against atmospheric agents, and at least one intermediate layer of air-permeable material.
  • the latter may consist of, for example, fibrous insulation panels or the like.
  • the module may further comprise a layer of rigid air-impermeable material arranged between the first air cavity and the layer of insulating and heat-reflecting material, and a third air cavity, without supply of airflows, which is arranged between the layer of insulating and heat-reflecting material and the layer of rigid material which includes interior cladding panels.
  • the exterior cladding panels of the outer layer of air-permeable material are juxtaposed to each other in a detached way to allow the passage of airflow entering, or exiting, the second air cavity through the gaps present between each of the adjacent panels.
  • the exterior cladding panels of the outer layer of air-permeable material are juxtaposed to each other in a compact way and the passage of airflow entering, or exiting, the second air cavity is ensured by a plurality of holes provided in the panels.
  • the exterior cladding panels of the outer layer of air-permeable material are juxtaposed to each other in a compact way and the passage of airflow entering, or exiting, the second air cavity is ensured by one of more vents provided in the outer layer of air-permeable material.
  • the outer layer of air-permeable material consists of at least one panel of a material of no-fines concrete type, or similar material of capacitive and high-permeability type, with solid matrix of communicating cells.
  • the outer layer of air-permeable material is placed in direct contact with the at least one intermediate layer of air-permeable material.
  • a wall module may further be equipped with a ventilation unit for the control of the airflow in the second air cavity and/or the first air cavity.
  • Sensors may be provided that provide control signals to the ventilation unit, e.g. temperature sensors, humidity sensors, differential pressure sensors, etc.
  • Dynamic insulation wall modules may be coupled to each other to form an air-permeable wall.
  • the second air cavity of each module is in fluid communication with the second air cavity of the adjacent modules; likewise, the first air cavity of each module is in fluid communication with the first air cavity of the adjacent modules.
  • At least one of the modules preferably comprises a ventilation unit for the control of the airflow in the second air cavities and/or the first air cavities.
  • Figure 1 shows a dynamic insulation wall module to make air-permeable walls interposed between an indoor environment I and the outdoor environment E of a building.
  • the module 1 in Figure 1 comprises an outer layer 10 of air-permeable material that includes exterior cladding panels for weather protection; at least one intermediate layer 30 of air-permeable material which may comprise fibrous insulation panels, such as mineral fibres, glass wool, wood fibres or the like; a layer 50 of rigid air-impermeable material, such as e.g. wood, plasterboard, fibreboard or the like; a layer 60 of insulating and heat-reflecting material that includes at least one air-tightness and thermal insulation membrane; and a layer 80 of rigid material that includes interior cladding panels.
  • a first air cavity 40 is arranged between the intermediate layer 30 of air-permeable material and the layer 50 of rigid air-impermeable material, the latter being placed in contact with the layer 60.
  • An air flow produced by a ventilation unit 100 is circulated in the first air cavity 40 ( Figs. 7-10 ).
  • a second air cavity 20 is arranged between the outer layer 10 of air-permeable material and the intermediate layer 30 of air-permeable material. Also in the second air cavity 20, if present, airflow produced by the ventilation unit 100 may possibly be circulated.
  • a plurality of sensors such as e.g. temperature sensors, humidity sensors, etc., may be provided in the air cavities 20 and 40 and/or in the outdoor and indoor environments, to provide control signals to the ventilation unit 100.
  • a third air cavity 70 may be arranged between the layer 60 of insulating and heat-reflecting material and the layer 80 of rigid material which includes interior cladding panels.
  • Figure 2 shows a wall module 6 for renovating an existing construction.
  • the module in Figure 2 comprises an outer layer 10 of air-permeable material that includes exterior cladding panels for weather protection; at least one intermediate layer 30 of air-permeable material which may include fibrous insulation panels, such as e.g. mineral fibres, glass wool, wood fibres or the like; and a layer 60 of insulating and heat-reflecting material which includes at least one air-tightness and thermal insulation membrane.
  • the layer 60 of insulating and heat-reflecting material may be placed directly in contact with the pre-existing masonry 90.
  • a first air cavity 40 is arranged between the intermediate layer 30 of air-permeable material and the layer 60 of insulating and heat-reflecting material that may be placed in contact with the pre-existing masonry 90.
  • airflow produced by a ventilation unit 100 is circulated.
  • a second air cavity 20 is arranged between the outer layer 10 of air-permeable material and the intermediate layer 30 of air-permeable material. Also in the second air cavity 20, airflow produced by the ventilation unit 100 may possibly be circulated.
  • Figure 2A also shows a wall module 7 for renovating an existing construction.
  • the module in Figure 2A also comprises an outer layer 10 of air-permeable material that includes exterior cladding panels for weather protection; at least one intermediate layer 30 of air-permeable material which may include fibrous insulation panels, such as mineral fibres, glass wool, wood fibres or the like; and a layer 60 of insulating and heat-reflecting material which includes at least one air-tightness and thermal insulation membrane.
  • an outer layer 10 of air-permeable material that includes exterior cladding panels for weather protection
  • at least one intermediate layer 30 of air-permeable material which may include fibrous insulation panels, such as mineral fibres, glass wool, wood fibres or the like
  • a layer 60 of insulating and heat-reflecting material which includes at least one air-tightness and thermal insulation membrane.
  • the first air cavity 40 that is beyond the intermediate layer 30 of air-permeable material is delimited by a layer 50 of rigid air-impermeable material, such as e.g. wood, plasterboard, fibreboard or the like.
  • the layer 50 is followed by a non-ventilated air cavity 70 further delimited by a layer 60 of insulating and heat-reflecting material that includes at least one air-tightness and thermal insulation membrane. Also in the embodiment of Figure 2A , the layer 60 is placed in contact with the pre-existing masonry 90.
  • the layer 60 of insulating and heat-reflecting material is protected against dust which would degrade its surface performance.
  • the same advantage could also be obtained by placing the layer 60 of insulating and heat-reflecting material in contact with the layer 50 of rigid air-impermeable material, thus leaving the air cavity 70 between the layer 60 and the pre-existing masonry 90 unventilated.
  • the outer layer 10 of air-permeable material that includes the exterior cladding panels can be made in various forms.
  • the exterior cladding may consist of single panels 11 arranged in one or more layers.
  • the passage of airflow entering, or exiting, the second air cavity 20 can be ensured by the spaces 12, i.e. the gaps, between adjacent panels 11. This way, it is possible to make systems of hanging facades.
  • the sequence of the remaining layers 30, 50, 60, 80 and air cavities 40 and 70 is the same as that shown in Figure 1 .
  • Figures 4 and 4A depict an embodiment still based on that of Figure 1 , in which the exterior cladding of the outer layer 10 consists of compact panels 13, i.e. mutually juxtaposed, arranged in one or more layers.
  • the passage of airflow entering, or exiting, the second air cavity 20, i.e. the air permeability of the exterior cladding of the outer layer 10, is ensured by a plurality of holes, in particular micro-holes 14 with adequate surface distribution.
  • the sequence of the remaining layers 30, 50, 60, 80 and air cavities 40 and 70 is the same as that shown in Figure 1 .
  • This embodiment is also suitable for making systems of hanging facades.
  • Figures 5 and 5A depict an embodiment still based on that of Figure 1 , in which the exterior cladding of the outer layer 10 consists of panels 15 in one or more impermeable layers.
  • the passage of airflow entering, or exiting, the second air cavity 20 is ensured by vents 16 having dimensions which are determined depending on the design parameters.
  • the sequence of the remaining layers 30, 50, 60, 80 and air cavities 40 and 70 is the same as that shown in Figure 1 .
  • Figure 6 depicts a particular embodiment still based on that of Figure 1 , in which the exterior cladding layer consists of at least one panel 18 of high permeability capacitive material, with solid matrix of communicating cells, such as e.g. a material of the "no-fines concrete" type.
  • the panel 18 may be placed directly in contact with the intermediate layer 30 of air-permeable material.
  • the diffuse permeability of the panel 18 may make the use of the second air cavity 20 outside the intermediate layer 30 of air-permeable insulating material unnecessary.
  • the sequence of the remaining layers 30, 50, 60, 80 and air cavities 40 and 70 is the same as that shown in Figure 1 .
  • Figures 7 to 10 depict various embodiments of a wall module which is shown in schematic form, with at least two air cavities 20 and 40 in which airflow can be circulated under the control of a ventilation unit 100.
  • the sectional view of Figure 7 shows a wall module 2 in which the ventilation unit 100 is embedded into the module.
  • the sectional view of Figure 8 depicts a wall module 3 in which the ventilation unit 100 embedded into the module is equipped with a thermo-hygrometric air treatment system 101, e.g. a system of the fan coil type installed in series to ventilation unit 100.
  • a thermo-hygrometric air treatment system 101 e.g. a system of the fan coil type installed in series to ventilation unit 100.
  • the wall module 4 comprises a fixture 102, e.g. a window or the like, and the ventilation unit 100 embedded into the same module.
  • the wall module 5 comprises a fixture 102, e.g. a window or the like, and an external shading system 103 integrated with the ventilation unit 100.
  • FIGS 11 to 14 depict in perspective some embodiments of the wall modules described so far, with reference to Figures 1 to 10 .
  • the wall module 1 in Figure 11 is a simple module, i.e. without a ventilation unit embedded therein, as that denoted by 1 in Figure 1 ;
  • the wall module 3 in Figure 12 corresponds to that of the view in Figure 8 and a vent 105 for ejecting air toward the outside, which may be possibly masked inside the facade system, is also highlighted;
  • the wall module 4 in Figure 13 with the vent 105 highlighted, corresponds to that of the view in Figure 9 ;
  • the wall module 5 in Figure 14 with the vent 105 highlighted, corresponds to that of the view in Figure 10 .
  • FIG. 15 highlights a wall 110 formed by a plurality of dynamically insulation modules, e.g. three wall modules 1 ( Figs. 1 and 11 ) and a wall module 5 ( Figs. 10 and 14 ).
  • a wall 110 formed by a plurality of dynamically insulation modules, e.g. three wall modules 1 ( Figs. 1 and 11 ) and a wall module 5 ( Figs. 10 and 14 ).
  • the second air cavity 20 of each module is in fluid communication with the second air cavity 20 of the adjacent modules.
  • the first air cavity 40 of each module is in fluid communication with the first air cavity 40 of the adjacent modules.
  • the air cavities in which the airflows circulate are continuous along the adjacent modules.
  • the second air cavities 20 may be interrupted at vertical and/or horizontal partitions toward adjacent rooms by installing an air-impermeable layer, e.g. a layer of non-permeable insulating material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP23200345.9A 2022-10-04 2023-09-28 Dynamische isolationswandanordnung und zugehöriges steuerungsverfahren Pending EP4350097A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT202200020406 2022-10-04

Publications (1)

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EP4350097A1 true EP4350097A1 (de) 2024-04-10

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EP23200345.9A Pending EP4350097A1 (de) 2022-10-04 2023-09-28 Dynamische isolationswandanordnung und zugehöriges steuerungsverfahren

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN120350770A (zh) * 2025-04-01 2025-07-22 中大建设股份有限公司 一种基于相变材料的智能温控建筑外墙系统

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2037863A (en) 1978-12-19 1980-07-16 Wimpey Const Uk Earthquake-resistant Structural Building Element and Method of Making the Same
US5761864A (en) 1994-08-31 1998-06-09 Nonoshita; Tadamichi Thermally insulated building and a building panel therefor
WO2009112715A1 (fr) 2008-02-12 2009-09-17 Edouard Serras Batiment, par exemple d'habitation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2037863A (en) 1978-12-19 1980-07-16 Wimpey Const Uk Earthquake-resistant Structural Building Element and Method of Making the Same
US5761864A (en) 1994-08-31 1998-06-09 Nonoshita; Tadamichi Thermally insulated building and a building panel therefor
WO2009112715A1 (fr) 2008-02-12 2009-09-17 Edouard Serras Batiment, par exemple d'habitation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN120350770A (zh) * 2025-04-01 2025-07-22 中大建设股份有限公司 一种基于相变材料的智能温控建筑外墙系统
CN120350770B (zh) * 2025-04-01 2025-12-23 中大建设股份有限公司 一种基于相变材料的智能温控建筑外墙系统

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