EP4347838A1 - Aptameres arn specifiques de conformeres de fibres de la proteine a-synucleine - Google Patents
Aptameres arn specifiques de conformeres de fibres de la proteine a-synucleineInfo
- Publication number
- EP4347838A1 EP4347838A1 EP22732601.4A EP22732601A EP4347838A1 EP 4347838 A1 EP4347838 A1 EP 4347838A1 EP 22732601 A EP22732601 A EP 22732601A EP 4347838 A1 EP4347838 A1 EP 4347838A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- seq
- syn
- aptamer
- identity
- sequence
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/115—Aptamers, i.e. nucleic acids binding a target molecule specifically and with high affinity without hybridising therewith ; Nucleic acids binding to non-nucleic acids, e.g. aptamers
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/5308—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for analytes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. nucleic acids, uric acid, worms, mites
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
- G01N33/6896—Neurological disorders, e.g. Alzheimer's disease
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/10—Type of nucleic acid
- C12N2310/16—Aptamers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/30—Chemical structure
- C12N2310/34—Spatial arrangement of the modifications
- C12N2310/344—Position-specific modifications, e.g. on every purine, at the 3'-end
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N2320/00—Applications; Uses
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to the fields of aptamers and neurodegenerative diseases, in particular synucleinopathies.
- an aptamer characterized by having the ability to distinguish the F-type a-Syn fiber conformers of a-Synuclein (a-Syn) protein from the a-Syn fiber conformers of type R, and in that it comprises a specific sequence of modified ribonucleic acid (modified RNA) having at least 85% identity with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO :3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, and SEQ ID NO:7, preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2.
- modified RNA modified ribonucleic acid
- the present invention also relates to a composition or a kit comprising at least one of these aptamers, as well as to their uses.
- the present invention also relates to a method for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases as well as a method for stratifying, monitoring, prognosing and evaluating the effectiveness of a treatment for a synucleinopathy, comprising the use of at at least one aptamer and/or a composition and/or a kit mentioned above.
- neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, Creutzfeldt-Jakob's or dementia with Lewy bodies
- This diagnosis is, however, made difficult to make because the symptoms of these different diseases are very similar, especially in the early stages of the disease.
- a definite diagnosis can only be made when the disease has reached an advanced stage and the patient is suffering from the most severe forms of the symptoms (Gconsz-Rio et al., 2016). It is therefore essential to develop new diagnostic methods that make it possible to make a reliable distinction between the different neurodegenerative diseases (NDs).
- NDs neurodegenerative diseases
- Genetic biomarkers can be alleles or mutations in the genome that have been identified as predisposing to disease. This type of marker thus makes it possible to identify an “at risk” population, which has a higher probability of developing NDs.
- Biochemical markers are biomolecules whose presence and/or quantity is correlated with the evolution of the pathology. For example, Parkinson's disease is histologically marked by the accumulation of alpha-Synuclein (or a-Synuclein or a-Syn) within Lewy bodies (Katsuno et al., 2018). Biochemical markers are therefore considered as signs of the onset and development of the disease, while genetic biomarkers are rather predisposing factors for developing the disease. The identification of biochemical markers can thus make it possible to detect the onset of a disease early, to carry out more precise diagnoses, to follow the evolution of the disease more easily, and also to evaluate with precision the effectiveness of a therapy.
- the accumulation of protein aggregates in the central nervous system is a common feature of several progressive neurodegenerative disorders (eg Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's and Creutzfeldt-Jakob's diseases).
- a three-dimensional misfolding of certain proteins can increase their tendency to bind together and transmit this misfolding to each other.
- the aggregated forms of these proteins then gradually accumulate and can interfere with the normal function of neurons, which can gradually lead to their death.
- the proteins that can form this type of aggregates mention may be made of the a-Synuclein protein, the Tau protein, Huntingtin, the beta-amyloid peptide or the PrP protein.
- a-Synuclein fibers are found within protein aggregates in the brain of patients suffering from certain MNs grouped under the name of “synucleinopathies”. These diseases include but are not limited to: Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (MLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA).
- a-Syn fibers are composed of thousands of abnormally folded protein repeats. They form by successive recruitment of proteins, according to a propagation mechanism where a misfolded a-Syn protein transmits its erroneous conformation when it binds to another protein.
- a-Syn fibers with distinct structural conformations have been isolated and it has been shown that they could induce different pathologies (Peelaerts et al., 2015; Rey et al., 2019). These different conformations are called conformers.
- these conformers we can cite the conformers of a-Syn fibers of type F, R, 91 and 65 (Bousset et al., 2013; Makky et al., 2016).
- the F-type, 65 and 91 a-Syn fiber conformers have a cylindrical shape, while the R-type fiber conformers have a flat ribbon shape, the 91 and 65 fibers are twisted but with pitches of different propellers.
- the F-type a-Syn fiber conformers are the stiffest, with a flexural strength measurement four times greater than the R fiber conformers and twice the 65 and 91 fiber conformers.
- the fiber conformers of a-Syn can also be distinguished from each other by analysis by controlled proteolysis with proteinase K. Their structural difference leads to degradation profiles which are different from one conformer to another. These profiles are comparable to barcodes (or fingerprints) specific to each conformer (see an example of a degradation profile in Figure 1 (Landureau et al., 2021)).
- the entire form of the protein in the F-type a-Syn fiber conformers is more resistant to proteolysis than in the R-type conformer (Fenyi et al., 2021).
- aptamers offer advantageous possibilities.
- Aptamers are nucleic acid structures with properties comparable to antibodies. They are generally obtained by a directed molecular evolution process called SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment). Since the discovery of SELEX in the 90s, the use of aptamers has been experimentally validated for many applications (diagnosis, purification, therapy, etc.).
- an aptamer anti- VEGF Macugen® has already received Marketing Authorization for the treatment of macular degeneration of the eye.
- a DNA aptamer (named M5-15) was selected against the monomeric form of a-Syn. However, this aptamer also binds non-specifically to the oligomeric and fibrillar forms of a-Syn (Tsukakoshi et al., 2010).
- a second study made it possible to obtain a second DNA aptamer (T-S0508) capable of discriminating the oligomeric form from the monomeric and fibrillar forms of a-Syn.
- a-Syn fibers and, in particular of conformers of type F and R a-Syn fibers in the diagnosis of various neurodegenerative diseases, it is essential to develop molecules capable of Distinguish between different a-Syn fiber conformers, in particular F- and R-type a-Syn fiber conformers.
- the present invention makes it possible to meet this need.
- RNA aptamers capable of specifically recognizing certain conformers of a-Syn fibers.
- the inventors have in fact selected and isolated RNA aptamers having different affinities for different ⁇ -Syn fiber conformers.
- the aptamers developed are capable of distinguishing the conformers of F-type a-Syn fibers from the conformers of R-type a-Syn fibers, unlike the aptamers DNA versus a-Syn described in the prior art.
- the data show that these aptamers are tools for the specific and sensitive detection of the different fibers of a-Syn.
- the present invention therefore provides both effective and reliable diagnostic methods for neurodegenerative diseases, methods for screening molecules but also tools for research in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.
- the present invention therefore relates to an aptamer characterized in that it has the ability to distinguish the conformers of fibers of a-Syn of the type F of the protein a-Syn (a-Syn) from the conformers of fibers of a-Syn of type R, and in that it comprises a specific sequence of modified ribonucleic acid (RNA) having at least 85% identity with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO :3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6 and SEQ ID NO:7, preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2.
- RNA modified ribonucleic acid
- the RNA has been modified in order to increase its resistance to RNA nucleases, preferably by modifying the riboses of the pyrimidines of the aptamer so that they bear a fluorine atom on the carbon in the 2' position.
- the present invention further relates to a composition or a kit comprising at least one of these aptamers, as well as their uses.
- the present invention also relates to a method for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases as well as a method for stratifying, monitoring, prognosing and evaluating the effectiveness of a treatment for a synucleinopathy, comprising the use of at at least one aptamer and/or a composition and/or a kit mentioned above.
- an aptamer characterized by having the ability to distinguish the F-type a-Syn fiber conformers of the a-Syn (a-Syn) protein from the a-Syn fiber conformers of type R, and in that it comprises a specific sequence of modified ribonucleic acid (RNA) having at least 85% identity with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, and SEQ ID NO:7, preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2.
- RNA modified ribonucleic acid
- the dissociation constant K d(F) measured for the conformers of fibers of type F a-Syn is: a) lower than the dissociation constant K d ⁇ R > measured for the conformers of R-type a-Syn fibers, preferably lower by at least 10 times; b) lower than the dissociation constant K d(Mono) measured for the monomers of a-Syn, preferably lower by at least 2 times; c) lower than the dissociation constant K d(Random) of a random aptamer measured for the conformers of fibers of type F a-Syn, preferably lower by at least 2 times; d) lower than the dissociation constant K d ⁇ R> measured for the conformers of fibers of R-type a-Syn, preferably lower by at least 10 times; and lower than the dissociation constant K d(Mono) measured for the monomers of a-Syn,
- At least one dissociation constant K d is as follows: a) the dissociation constant K d ⁇ F > measured for the conformers of a-Syn fibers of type F is less than 15 nM, preferably less than 10 nM; and/or b) the dissociation constant K d ⁇ R> measured for the conformers of R-type a-Syn fibers is greater than 100 nM, preferably greater than 150 nM.
- the present invention further relates to an aptamer as above, further comprising: i. 5' to the specific sequence, a modified RNA primer sequence having at least 85% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, preferably at least 95% identity, with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO:29 and SEQ ID NO:30, preferably located at the 5' end of the specific sequence; and/or ii. 3' to the specific sequence, a modified RNA primer sequence having at least 85% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, preferably at least 95% identity, with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:32 and SEQ ID NO:33, preferably located at the 3' end of the specific sequence.
- the present invention further relates to an aptamer as above, comprising a modified RNA sequence having at least 85% identity with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, and SEQ ID NO:40, preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:34 and SEQ ID NO:35.
- the present invention also relates to a kit comprising at least one aptamer according to the invention.
- the kit further comprises at least one additional aptamer chosen from aptamers comprising a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO :8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16 and SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:27, and SEQ ID NO:28; the kit preferably further comprising an aptamer comprising a random sequence of modified RNA.
- At least one additional aptamer further comprises: i. 5' to the specific sequence, a modified RNA primer sequence having at least 85% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, preferably at least 95% identity, with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO:29 and SEQ ID NO:30, preferably located at the 5' end of the specific sequence; and/or ii. 3' to the specific sequence, a modified RNA primer sequence having at least 85% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, preferably at least 95% of identity, with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, and SEQ ID NO: 33, preferably located at the 3' end of the specific sequence.
- the present invention also relates to a kit as above, in which at least one additional aptamer is chosen from aptamers comprising a modified RNA sequence having at least 85% identity with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 40 , SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48 and SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO :57, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:59, and SEQ ID NO:60.
- the kit comprises at least the following aptamers: aptamer comprising a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity with SEQ ID NO: 1, aptamer comprising a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity with SEQ ID NO:2, aptamer comprising a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity with SEQ ID NO:3, aptamer comprising a specific sequence of Modified RNA having at least 85% identity with SEQ ID NO:8, aptamer comprising a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity with SEQ ID NO:9, aptamer comprising a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity with SEQ ID NO: 10, aptamer comprising a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity with SEQ ID NO: 11, aptamer comprising a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity with SEQ ID NO: 12, aptamer comprising a sequence specific for modified
- the kit according to the invention is preferably characterized in that, when the kit comprises several aptamers, these are: a) all in a single composition, or b) distributed in several distinct compositions in separate containers, including the case wherein each of the aptamers is in a separate composition located in a separate container.
- the present invention further relates to an aptamer as above or a kit as above, in which the RNA of the aptamer or of all the aptamers of the kit has been modified in order to increase its resistance to -vis RNA nucleases, preferably in which the riboses of the pyrimidines of the aptamer or of all the aptamers of the kit bear a fluorine atom on the carbon in the 2' position.
- the present invention also relates to an in vitro use of at least one aptamer according to the invention, of at least one kit according to the invention, or of any combination thereof, for: a) detecting the presence or the absence of at least one F-type ⁇ -Syn fiber conformer in a biological sample; b) determining the amount of an F-type ⁇ -Syn fiber conformer in a biological sample; c) establishing a molecular fingerprint of a-Syn fiber conformers, preferably of a-Syn F and R type a-Syn fibers, in a biological sample; d) screening compounds/molecules capable of detecting and/or recognizing of an F-type a-Syn fiber conformer, preferably screening compounds/molecules capable of discriminating the conformers of type F a-Syn fibers F conformers of R-type a-Syn fibers; or e) any combination of a) to d).
- the present invention also relates to an in vitro method for diagnosing a synucleinopathy in a subject having at least one symptom of a neurodegenerative disease, comprising: a) bringing a biological sample from the subject into contact with at least one aptamer according to invention, with at least one kit according to the invention, or with any combination thereof; b) the detection of the presence or the absence of at least one conformer of fibers of type F a-Syn, the quantification of the conformers of fibers of type F a-Syn, the establishment of a fingerprint molecular conformers of a-Syn fibers (preferably of a-Syn F and R type a-Syn fibers), or any combination thereof, in the subject's biological sample; and c) diagnosing the presence or absence of a synucleinopathy in the subject based on the result of step b).
- the present invention also relates to an in vitro method for stratifying a synucleinopathy, for prognosing a synucleinopathy, for monitoring a synucleinopathy, or for evaluating the effectiveness of a treatment for a synucleinopathy in a subject suffering from of a synucleinopathy, comprising: a) bringing a biological sample from the subject into contact with at least one aptamer according to the invention, with at least one kit according to the invention, or with any combination thereof; b) the detection of the presence or the absence of at least one conformer of fibers of type F a-Syn, the quantification of the conformers of fibers of type F a-Syn, the establishment of a fingerprint molecular conformers of a-Syn fibers (preferably of a-Syn F and R type a-Syn fibers), or any combination thereof, in the subject's biological sample; and c) stratifying the synucleinopathy, prognosing the synucleinopathy,
- a-Synuclein or “a-Syn” or “a-syn” or “alpha-Synuclein” or “a-Synuclein” is meant a phosphoprotein of the synuclein family which is abundant in the human brain. It is also found in small amounts in the heart, muscles and other tissues. In the brain, a-Syn is found primarily at the end of nerve cells (neurons) in presynaptic terminals.
- the reference protein sequence for the human ⁇ -Synuclein protein is the NCBI sequence referenced under the number P37840.1.
- the a-Syn protein exists in two forms. It can be soluble or bound to a membrane. In the soluble state in the cytosol, a-Syn has a disordered structure (Fauvet et al., 2012). In the presence of a lipid membrane, the N-terminal part of Ga-Syn adopts an a-helix structure which allows its embedding within lipid membranes (Eliezer et al., 2001). When bound to a large diameter membrane (at least 100 nm), Ga-Syn adopts the shape of a large elongated helix (Trexler and Rhoades, 2009). When, on the contrary, it interacts with small vesicles (and therefore with high curvature), Ga-Syn adopts a structure composed of two small a-helix (Chandra et al., 2003).
- a-Syn can also adopt so-called “pathological” conformations, rich in b-sheets. These pathological conformations have a strong propensity to form fibrillar aggregates (called “fibrillar a-Syn” or “a-Syn fibers”) which are found as intracellular deposits in synucleinopathies (El-Agnaf et al., 1998a ).
- a-Syn fibrillar or “a-Syn fiber” or “a-Syn fibrillar aggregate” or “a-Syn aggregate” is meant a fiber (or an aggregate, or an assembly) composed many abnormally folded ⁇ -Syn protein repeats (including from 25 to several hundred abnormally folded ⁇ -Syn protein repeats). It is therefore an assembly of several copies (from 25 to several hundred) of misfolded a-Syn proteins (presenting an abnormal/pathological/non-native folding).
- a-Syn fibers are formed by successive recruitment of a-Syn proteins, according to a propagation mechanism where a misfolded a-Syn protein transmits its erroneous conformation when it binds to another protein.
- PD Parkinson's disease
- DCL dementia with Lewy bodies
- MSA multiple system atrophy
- a-Syn fiber conformers Several forms of a-Syn fibers with distinct structural conformations have been isolated and it has been shown that they could induce different synucleinopathies. These different conformations are called ⁇ -Syn fiber conformers.
- the a-Syn protein can undergo one or more post-translational modifications, such as the addition of a functional group (for example chosen from acetylation, alkylation, biotinylation, carboxylation, glutamylation, glycylation, glycosylation, hydroxylation, isoprenylation, lipoylation, phosphopantetheinylation, phosphorylation, ribosylation, sulfation, selenation, amidation, etc., and any combination thereof), the addition of peptide or protein groups (provided for the latter that the added protein is not an a-Syn protein; the addition of peptide or protein groups is for example chosen from ubiquitination, neddylation, sumoylation
- a-Syn or “conformer of a-Syn fibers” is meant a specific structural/spatial configuration (conformation) formed by an aggregate of a-Syn proteins having an abnormal folding (i.e. i.e. a specific structural configuration adopted by fibrillar Ga-Syn).
- Different fiber conformers of a-Syn have been identified such as F-, R-, 65- and 91-type a-Syn fiber conformers.
- the F-type, 65 and 91 a-Syn fiber conformers have a cylindrical shape, while the R-type fiber conformers have a flat ribbon shape, the 91 and 65 fibers are twisted but with pitches of different propellers.
- at least one copy of the a-Syn protein may comprise one or more post-translational modifications as defined above.
- fiber F or “conformer of F-type a-Syn fibers” or “conformer of a-Syn F-type fibers” is meant an aggregate of a-Syn proteins which is in a cylindrical shape, producing 9 bands during their controlled proteolysis by proteinase K (example in Figure 1 (Landureau et al., 2021)) and whose bending stiffness is approximately 5.8 10-26 Nm 2 .
- fiber R or “conformers of fibers of type R of a-Syn” or “conformers of type R fibers of a-Syn” is meant an aggregate of a-Syn proteins which is in the form of ribbons dishes.
- R-type fibers are more flattened than F-type fibers. They produce 3 bands during their proteolysis mediated by proteinase K (example in Figure 1 (Landureau et al., 2021)) and have a bending stiffness of about 1.4 10 26 Nm 2 .
- fiber 65 or “conformer of fibers 65” or “conformer of fibers 65 of a-Syn” is meant an aggregate of a-Syn proteins which is in the form of tight twists. They have a bending stiffness of about 2.7 10 26 Nm 2 .
- fiber 91 or “fiber 91 conformer” or “fiber 91 conformer of a-Syn” is meant an aggregate of a-Syn proteins which is in the form of loose twists. They produce 7 bands during their proteolysis mediated by proteinase K (example in Figure 1 (Landureau et al., 2021)) and have a bending stiffness of approximately 2.4 ⁇ 10 26 Nm 2 .
- fibers can be distinguished using the different molecular and structural analysis techniques known to those skilled in the art, such as solid-state NMR analysis, atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, proteolysis spared, the diffraction of X-rays by the fibers, the binding of the ligand such as Thioflavin T or antibodies, etc.
- these techniques have in particular made it possible to show that the conformers of fibers F, R, 65 and 91 are 1 to 2 ⁇ m long on average, with a width of the order of 15 to 20 nm, the conformers of fibers of a- F-type Syn being the narrowest, and the fiber 65 conformers the widest.
- the fiber conformers 65 and 91 show periodic variations in height, unlike the fiber conformers of F and R type a-Syn.
- these different types of fiber conformers can be distinguished by their mechanical properties, using different mechanical analysis techniques known to those skilled in the art, such as atomic force microscopy. These mechanical analyzes made it possible in particular to demonstrate that the four types of fibers had different mechanical properties.
- the F-type a-Syn fiber conformers are the stiffest, with a flexural strength measurement four times higher than the R fiber conformer and twice the 65 and 91 fiber conformers.
- ⁇ -Syn fibers can also be distinguished from each other (especially ⁇ -Syn fiber conformers can be distinguished from other types of ⁇ -Syn fiber conformers) by their protease degradation profile . Their structural difference results in degradation profiles which are different from one conformer to another. These profiles are comparable to barcodes (or fingerprints) specific to each conformer (see an example of a degradation profile in Figure 1).
- the entire form of the protein in the F-type a-Syn fiber conformers is more resistant to proteolysis than in the R-type conformer (Fenyi et al., 2021).
- At least one copy of the a-Syn protein may comprise one or more post-translational modifications as defined above.
- oligomer of a-Syn or "a-Syn in oligomeric form” is meant an assembly comprising several copies (between 2 and 24) of the protein of the a-Syn protein, in the form of a chain (c i.e. a sequence of linked/associated a-Syn proteins, comprising between 2 and 24 a-Syn proteins).
- An a-Syn oligomer differs from an a-Syn fiber in that it comprises a lower number of a-Syn copies (Pieri et al., 2016).
- An a-Syn oligomer therefore comprises from 2 to about twenty copies of the a-Syn protein.
- An ⁇ -Syn oligomer is not an ⁇ -Syn fiber within the meaning of the present invention, since it comprises less than 25 ⁇ -Syn monomers.
- a-Syn monomer or "a-Syn in monomeric form” is meant a molecule of the a-Syn protein in a free form, that is to say which is not bound / associated to another molecule of the a-Syn protein.
- An a-Syn monomer therefore comprises a single copy of the a-Syn protein.
- An a-Syn monomer is therefore distinguished from the oligomers and aggregates/fibers of the a-Syn protein.
- the single copy of the ⁇ -Syn protein in the monomer may nevertheless comprise one or more post-translational modifications, as defined above.
- aptamer is meant an oligonucleotide (i.e. a segment of a nucleic acid chain) which adopts a three-dimensional structure giving it the ability to bind specifically to a given ligand (the ligand is called “target”). ), especially of a protein nature.
- An aptamer is said to bind specifically to a target when it exhibits essentially no affinity for a compound structurally unrelated to the target.
- a protein compound is said to have no structural relationship with the target according to the invention, when the sequence identity between the target and the compound is less than 60%, preferably less than 70%, more preferably still less than 80%.
- an aptamer is said to exhibit essentially no affinity for a compound according to the invention, in particular when the dissociation constant of the aptamer with respect to the compound is greater than 10 6 mol / l, preferably greater than 10 7 mol/l.
- the dissociation constant can in particular be determined, under standard conditions, using the Scatchard and Lineweaver Burk representations well known to those skilled in the art.
- the aptamers generally comprise from a few nucleotides to a few tens of nucleotides, for example from 15 to 100 nucleotides (preferably from 20 to 90 nucleotides, more preferably from 30 to 80 nucleotides, more preferably from 40 to 70 nucleotides, preferably another 50 to 60 nucleotides).
- Aptamers are mainly manufactured by synthetic route, by techniques known to those skilled in the art (such as chemical or enzymatic synthesis). Aptamers are generally selected/identified by a directed molecular evolution process called SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment).
- the aptamer may comprise at least one modified nucleotide (that is to say a nucleotide which is not a natural DNA or RNA nucleotide).
- modified nucleotides can in particular be used to increase the resistance of the aptamer to degradation by nucleases. This is particularly advantageous for RNA aptamers, which are generally more sensitive to nucleases than DNA aptamers.
- An RNA comprising at least one modified nucleotide is called modified RNA.
- the aptamer can also comprise at least one additional group, in addition to the constituent nucleotides of its nucleic acid sequence.
- the nucleic acid of the aptamer can be linked to at least one additional group.
- modified RNA an RNA comprising at least one modified nucleotide.
- a modified RNA can in particular be an RNA in which the backbone of the nucleic acid is modified, in whole or in part, in particular to make it resistant to hydrolytic degradation, in particular due to the action of nucleases.
- RNA can be modified in whole (i.e. each nucleotide which constitutes it is modified) or in part (i.e. only part of the nucleotides which constitute it is modified). When the RNA is partially modified, one can choose to modify all or part of the purines and/or all or part of the pyrimidines.
- RNA and/or of a nucleotide
- modifications of an RNA are well known to those skilled in the art and can in particular be chosen from: modification of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by methylation; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by an O-Methoxyethyl group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by an amino group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by a halogen (in particular by fluorine); the replacement of the phosphodiester (PO) by a phosphorothioate (PS) group (this is called the phosphorothioate skeleton); the use of a structure of the locked nucleic acid type (Locked Nucleic Acid, LNA), that is to say the formation of a methylene bridge in order to lock the ribose in the
- additional group is meant a chemical group of any type and of any nature, not forming part of the nucleic sequence of the aptamer.
- the additional group may in particular be chosen from: a radioisotope, an organic molecule comprising at most 100 carbon atoms, a nanoparticle, a protein (in particular a glycoprotein), a carbohydrate, a lipid, a polynucleotide, and any combination of these this.
- the additional group is preferably chosen from: a detectable marker, a pharmacological compound, a compound capable of modifying the pharmacokinetic characteristics of a nucleic acid to which it is linked (such as polyethylene glycol (PEG)), and any combination of these.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- the detectable label may be of any type, it may in particular be a fluorophore (for example fluorescein or luciferase), a radioisotope (in particular suitable for scintigraphy, for example 99m Tc), a label recognizable by an antibody (eg c-Myc protein or a polyhistidine tag), an affinity tag (eg biotin), an enzyme (eg horseradish peroxidase), a contrast, etc.
- a fluorophore for example fluorescein or luciferase
- a radioisotope in particular suitable for scintigraphy, for example 99m Tc
- a label recognizable by an antibody eg c-Myc protein or a polyhistidine tag
- an affinity tag eg biotin
- an enzyme eg horseradish peroxidase
- a contrast etc.
- the pharmacological compound can also be of any type. It may in particular be an anti-cancer chemotherapy agent (such as a cytostatic or cytological agent), an antibody, a toxin, a hormone, an enzyme, an antiviral compound, an antibiotic compound, an antifungal compound, an antibacterial compound, etc.
- an anti-cancer chemotherapy agent such as a cytostatic or cytological agent
- an antibody such as an antibody, a toxin, a hormone, an enzyme, an antiviral compound, an antibiotic compound, an antifungal compound, an antibacterial compound, etc.
- specific/target sequence of an aptamer or “specific/target sequence of an aptamer” is meant the part (section/region/portion) of the sequence of an aptamer which is specific for the ligand (of the target) of the aptamer, i.e. the sequence which is specific to a specific aptamer.
- the specific sequence of an aptamer varies from one aptamer to another (therefore it is a variable sequence, as opposed to constant sequences which may also be present in an aptamer).
- the specific sequence of an aptamer therefore differs from the primer sequences (or “constant” sequences, or “aspecific” sequences) likely to also be present in an aptamer.
- primer sequence of an aptamer or “constant sequence of an aptamer” is meant a part (section/region/portion) of the sequence of an aptamer which is present in all the aptamers which have been identified/selected by the same session (the same implementation) of the selection method used (such as SELEX). This is generally the sequence of a primer used for the PCR step during SELEX.
- An aptamer therefore generally comprises two primer sequences, one 5' to the specific/target sequence, and the other 3' to the specific/target sequence, thus allowing amplification by PCR. The primer sequences of an aptamer are therefore not specific/specific to the aptamer.
- random sequence is meant a sequence serving as a control and designed randomly by the person skilled in the art (that is to say that the nucleotides which constitute it are assembled at random).
- the random sequence preferably has the same length as that of the aptamer.
- the random sequence preferably has the same "constant” sequences ("primers"; preferably 3' and/or 5') as the aptamer, if any.
- the constant sequences bracket the random sequence of the aptamer (the constant sequences are therefore at 5' and/or at 3' of the random sequence of the random aptamer) to form a random aptamer whose complete sequence has the same length as that of the aptamer according to the invention also having constant sequences (identical to or different from those of the random aptamer, preferably identical).
- a-Syn fibrillar a-Synuclein (a-Syn) protein
- a molecule for example an aptamer
- a molecule is able to distinguish at least two ⁇ -Syn fiber conformers when it exhibits a significantly stronger affinity for one ⁇ -Syn fiber conformer than the other ⁇ -Syn fiber conformer.
- a molecule is able to distinguish at least two a-Syn fiber conformers when it has a binding capacity to an a-Syn fiber conformer significantly greater than its binding capacity to at least one other fiber conformer of a-Syn.
- the molecule is able to distinguish at least two ⁇ -Syn fiber conformers when it exhibits a significantly lower dissociation constant for one ⁇ -Syn fiber conformer than for at least one other ⁇ -Syn fiber conformer.
- a-Syn fibers are examples of the a-Syn fibers.
- the molecule may in particular be capable of distinguishing at least the F-type a-Syn fiber conformer of the a-Syn protein from the R-type a-Syn fiber conformer of the a-Syn protein, if it has significantly higher affinity for (ability to bind to) the F-type a-Syn fiber conformer than to (than the) R-type a-Syn fiber conformer.
- the molecule is able to distinguish the F-type a-Syn fiber conformer from the a -R-type Syn when its average (measured/calculated) dissociation constant for the F-type a-Syn fiber conformer is significantly lower than its average (measured/calculated) dissociation constant for the d-fiber conformer 'a-Syn type R.
- a molecule is able to distinguish the fiber conformer of type F a-Syn from the fiber conformer of type R a-Syn when it is able to bind to the F-type a-Syn fiber conformer but not to the R-type a-Syn fiber conformer.
- the molecule may be able to further distinguish the F-type a-Syn fiber conformer of the a-Syn protein from other a-Syn protein fiber conformers (such as the 65 fiber conformer and the fibers 91, in addition to the conformer of a-Syn type R fibers); and/or the molecule may in particular be capable of further distinguishing the F-type a-Syn fiber conformer of the a-Syn protein from other forms of the a-Syn protein (such as the a-Syn monomer and/or ⁇ -Syn oligomers).
- other a-Syn protein fiber conformers such as the 65 fiber conformer and the fibers 91, in addition to the conformer of a-Syn type R fibers
- the molecule may in particular be capable of further distinguishing the F-type a-Syn fiber conformer of the a-Syn protein from other forms of the a-Syn protein (such as the a-Syn
- K d Equilibrium dissociation constant
- Kd the constant which makes it possible to evaluate the affinity between two molecules (for example between an aptamer and a fiber of the protein a-Syn) .
- This affinity is based on the nature, geometry and number of physicochemical interactions between the two molecules (electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interaction and hydrophobic forces).
- Kd is expressed in M (mol/l), often in nM or pM.
- dissociation constants there are several techniques for determining/measuring dissociation constants, which are well known to those skilled in the art, such as ELISA, gel retardation assays, filtration, chromatography, thermophoresis, "pull -down", equilibrium dialysis, analytical ultracentrifugation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), spectroscopic assays, isothermal calorimetric titration (ITC), nitrocellulose membrane filtration, etc.
- the equilibrium dissociation constant can in particular be determined, under standard conditions, using the Scatchard and Lineweaver Burk representations well known to those skilled in the art.
- ND neurodegenerative disease
- NDs designate a group of pathologies with very diverse clinical symptoms which have in common to be chronic diseases with slow progression characterized by dysfunction and progressive death of nerve cells (Gao and Hong, 2008).
- the disorders induced by this neurodegeneration can be motor, cognitive or even sensory. They worsen as the disease progresses and increasingly handicap patients.
- the frequency of MNs increases significantly with age.
- due to the progressive aging of the population the number of people suffering from NDs has increased considerably over the past decades and is expected to grow steadily in the years to come (Heemels, 2016).
- NDs are extremely debilitating pathologies that gradually lead to a loss of patient autonomy.
- MNs include in particular synucleinopathies.
- synucleinopathy or “a-synucleinopathies” or “alpha-synucleinopathies” is meant a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the abnormal accumulation of a-Syn protein aggregates in neurons, nerve fibers or glial cells.
- A-synucleinopathies are chronic and progressive pathologies that manifest themselves by motor and cognitive disorders and behavioral changes.
- the synucleinopathies include in particular Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DCL) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). These three diseases have in common the occurrence of behavioral disorders in REM sleep, dysautonomia and an asymmetric parkinsonian syndrome.
- Synucleinopathies also include rarer conditions, such as the various neuroaxonal dystrophies
- diagnosis is meant the identification/determination of a disease, or the absence of a disease, in a subject.
- Diagnosis includes, for example, the search for the causes (etiology) and effects (symptoms) of the disease, in particular on the basis of observations and/or measurements, carried out using various tools.
- the diagnostic tools include the observation of cognitive, motor and sensory disorders experienced by patients and the detection/quantification of genetic and/or biochemical biomarkers. Genetic biomarkers can be alleles or mutations in the genome that have been identified as predisposing to ND.
- Biochemical markers are biomolecules whose presence and/or quantity is correlated with the evolution of the pathology (for example the accumulation of alpha-Synuclein for synucleinopathies).
- stratification is meant the separation/classification of subjects into subgroups by severity/g ravity of the disease.
- the different subgroups include in particular the subgroup of healthy subjects as well as different subgroups of subjects suffering from a disease, classified according to the stage of evolution/advancement of the disease. It is also possible to stratify the subjects according to the type of symptoms present. The stage of evolution and the symptoms can be determined on the basis of observations and/or measurements, carried out using different tools. In the case of neurodegenerative diseases, stratification tools include tools that are also used for their diagnosis.
- prognosis we mean the prediction/determination/assessment of the risks of progression of a disease in a subject.
- the prognosis includes in particular the evaluation of the future development of the subject's condition and the possible chances of improvement or even cure.
- the prognosis can be determined on the basis of observations and/or measurements, carried out using different tools.
- prognostic tools include tools that are also used for their diagnosis or subject stratification.
- monitoring is meant determining/assessing the progress of a disease in a subject. Monitoring can be carried out on the basis of observations and/or measurements, carried out using different tools, at different time intervals. Intervals can be regular or irregular. Their frequency depends on the disease but also on the stage of evolution of the disease. It may be of the order of a few days (for example in the event of illness severe/advanced/severe stage and/or in case of rapidly progressing disease and/or in case of exacerbation phase) to a few years (e.g. in case of disease at a preliminary, mild or moderate stage, and/ or in the case of a slowly progressing illness).
- tracking tools include tools that are also used for disease diagnosis or prognosis, or subject stratification.
- evaluation of the efficacy of a treatment we mean the determination of the clinical state of a subject subjected to a treatment.
- the treatment can be preventive, for example in the case of a predisposition to a disease, or it can be curative, for example in the case of a diagnosed disease.
- the effectiveness of the treatment can for example be evaluated by determining the state of the subject at different time intervals.
- the condition of the subject can in particular be assessed before the first dose of the treatment and then at regular (or irregular) time intervals after this first dose (for example after each new dose of the treatment). A comparison of the state of the subject evaluated at these different intervals can then be made in order to identify any change.
- an improvement, no worsening, or a worsening of the patient's condition less than that expected in the absence of treatment indicates that the treatment is effective, while a worsening of the patient's condition at least equal to that expected in the absence of treatment indicates that the treatment is not effective.
- an absence of onset of the disease or an onset later and/or less severe than expected in the absence of treatment indicates that the treatment is effective, while such an early onset and severe than expected in the absence of treatment indicates that the treatment is not effective.
- the patient's condition can be assessed on the basis of observations and/or measurements, carried out using different tools.
- the tools for evaluating the effectiveness of a treatment include tools that are also used for the diagnosis, prognosis or monitoring of the disease, or the stratification of subjects.
- Stage of a neurodegenerative disease means a phase of the neurodegenerative disease which is determined according to the severity of the symptoms the subject suffers and their implications/consequences on the subject's mode and/or quality of life. These stages can be four in number. For instance :
- Stage 1 (or first stage) is referred to as mild disease or mild stage.
- stage 2 we speak of moderate disease or moderate stage.
- stage 3 we speak of severe disease or severe stage.
- stage 4 we speak of very severe disease or very severe stage. The quality of life is, at this stage, considerably impaired.
- Aggravation or “aggravation phase” means a period during which the clinical signs of a neurodegenerative disease increase in a subject suffering from said disease.
- subject or “patient”, we mean a human individual or an animal other than a human.
- the subject is for example a human or an animal likely to be affected by a neurodegenerative disease or suffering from such a disease.
- the subject is preferably a human being.
- the subject may be a child (human subject 16 years of age or younger) or an adult (human subject over 16 years of age).
- healthy subject is meant a subject who does not suffer from the disease in question.
- a healthy subject is preferably a subject who does not suffer from any neurodegenerative disease, more preferably a subject who does not suffer from any disease.
- reference subject a subject who suffers from a known neurodegenerative disease (in particular a synucleinopathy, and in particular Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DCL) or multiple system atrophy (MSA) ), at a known stage.
- a known neurodegenerative disease in particular a synucleinopathy, and in particular Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DCL) or multiple system atrophy (MSA)
- PD Parkinson's disease
- DCL dementia with Lewy bodies
- MSA multiple system atrophy
- Bio sample or “sample” from a subject means an entire organ or a tissue or part of such an organ or tissue, a fluid or a fraction of such a fluid, cells or cellular components , obtained from this subject, as well as a homogenate, a lysate or an extract prepared therefrom.
- a “biological sample” or “sample” is preferably any tissue (preferably portions or fractions thereof) which may contain neurons and/or a-Syn proteins, including, but not including limited to, a sample of the central nervous system (CNS), such as a sample of the brain or a sample of the spinal cord, salivary glands, digestive system (e.g. colon), cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, blood , etc.
- CNS central nervous system
- the biological sample may have been obtained beforehand by any technique known in the profession. These techniques include, for example, surgery (such as stereotactic surgery), puncture, explant, excision, biopsy.
- surgery such as stereotactic surgery
- excision is meant a surgical procedure consisting in cutting (excising) a more or less wide or deep part of the tissue, preferably an abnormality or growth of the tissue. An excision may be performed to remove and/or analyze a cancerous or suspicious tumor.
- biopsy here designates a sample of cells or tissues taken for analysis. Several types of biopsy procedures are known and practiced in the field.
- the more common types include (1) incisional biopsy, in which only a sample of the tissue is taken; (2) excisional biopsy (or surgical biopsy), which consists of completely removing a tumor mass, thus carrying out a therapeutic and diagnostic procedure; and (3) needle biopsy, in which a tissue sample is removed using a needle, which can be coarse or fine.
- Other types of biopsy exist, such as smear or curettage, and can also be used to obtain the sample. Therefore, the sample can be, for example, an explant, an excision, a biopsy, etc.
- the sample is preferably obtained by a minimally invasive procedure, such as stereotactic surgery.
- identity or “sequence identity” is meant an exact sequence correspondence between two polypeptides or amino acids, or between two molecules of nucleic acids or oligonucleotides.
- the percentages of identity to which reference is made in the context of the presentation of the present invention are determined after optimal global alignment of the sequences to be compared, which can therefore comprise one or more additions, deletions, truncations and/or substitutions. This percentage of identity can be calculated by any sequence analysis method well known to those skilled in the art. The percentage of identity is determined after overall alignment of the sequences to be compared taken in their entirety, over their entire length. Besides manually, it is possible to determine the global alignment of sequences using the algorithm of Needleman and Wunsch (1970).
- the comparison of the sequences can be carried out using any software well known to those skilled in the art, such as for example the Needle software.
- the parameters used may in particular be the following: “Gap Open” equal to 10.0, “Gap Extend” equal to 0.5 and the EDNAFULL matrix (EMBOSS version of NCBI NUC4.4).
- the comparison of the sequences can be carried out using any software well known to those skilled in the art, such as for example the Needle software.
- the parameters used may in particular be the following: “Gap Open” equal to 10.0, “Gap Extend” equal to 0.5 and the matrix BLOSUM62.
- sequence identity notably represents 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88% , 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% sequence identity.
- RNA ribonucleic acid
- the inventors have in fact selected and isolated modified RNA aptamers having different affinities for different ⁇ -Syn fiber conformers.
- the aptamers developed are capable of distinguishing the conformers of F-type a-Syn fibers from the conformers of R-type a-Syn fibers, unlike the aptamers DNA versus a-Syn described in the prior art.
- the aptamers developed by the inventors have a strong affinity for the conformer of ⁇ -Syn fibers of type F (dissociation constant K d between 5 and 10 nM).
- these aptamers have a very low or even zero affinity for the conformer of fibers of a-Syn of type R, as well as the conformers of fiber 65 and 91 of a-syn.
- the inventors have also demonstrated that these aptamers recognize with an affinity at least 10 times lower the a-Syn protein in native form (monomeric, non-fibrillar form).
- the inventors have developed a method using a mixture of these aptamers which makes it possible to effectively discriminate these fiber conformers by high-throughput sequencing, applicable to patient samples.
- the data show that these aptamers are tools for the specific and sensitive detection of the different fibers of a-Syn.
- the present invention therefore provides both effective and reliable diagnostic methods for neurodegenerative diseases, methods for screening molecules but also tools for research in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.
- Aptamers have several advantages: 1) they have affinities and recognition specificity for their target comparable to those of antibodies; 2) being oligonucleotides, they can be used in many molecular biology techniques (quantitative PCR, chip, rolling circle amplification, high-throughput sequencing, etc.); 3) they are easy to synthesize or amplify in vitro; 4) they can be easily coupled to a large number of compounds; 5) they are poorly immunogenic; 6) they are not subject to denaturation problems during storage; 7) they are very resistant to temperature changes; 8) they are significantly cheaper than antibodies.
- the present invention therefore relates to an aptamer characterized in that it has the ability to distinguish at least two fiber conformers of the protein a-Synuclein (a-Syn), and in that it comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of a specific sequence of modified ribonucleic acid (RNA) having at least 85% identity with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 1 (specific sequence of aptamer N30), SEQ ID NO: 2 (sequence specific for aptamer N124), SEQ ID NO: 3 (specific sequence for aptamer N3), SEQ ID NO: 4 (specific sequence for aptamer 4F02), SEQ ID NO: 5 (specific sequence for aptamer 4F03), SEQ ID NO: 6 (sequence specific for aptamer F124), and SEQ ID NO: 7 (sequence specific for aptamer P65); preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, and SEQ ID NO:5; more
- the present invention relates in particular to an aptamer characterized in that it has the ability to distinguish the conformers of a-Syn fibers of the type F of the protein a-Syn (a-Syn) from the conformers of fibers of a- Syn type R, and in that it comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, a target/specific sequence of modified ribonucleic acid (RNA) having at least 85% identity with a sequence chosen from SEQ I D NO: 1 (specific sequence of aptamer N30), SEQ ID NO: 2 (specific sequence of aptamer N124), SEQ ID NO: 3 (specific sequence of aptamer N3), SEQ ID NO: 4 (sequence specific for aptamer 4F02), SEQ ID NO: 5 (sequence specific for aptamer 4F03), SEQ ID NO: 6 (sequence specific for aptamer F124), and SEQ ID NO: 7 (sequence specific for aptamer P65);
- the aptamer comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 86% identity with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO :2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6 and SEQ ID NO:7; preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4 and SEQ ID NO:5; more preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the aptamer comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 87% identity, more preferably at least 88% identity, more preferably at least 89 % identity, more preferably at least 90% identity, more preferably at least 91% identity, more preferably at least 92% identity, more preferably at least 93% identity, of more preferably at least 94% identity, more preferably at least 95% identity, more preferably at least 96% identity, more preferably at least 97% identity, more preferably at least 98% identity, more preferably at least 99% identity, with a specific sequence of modified RNA chosen from SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6 and SEQ ID NO:7; preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, and SEQ ID NO:5; more preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:1, and SEQ ID NO:2.
- the aptamer comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, a specific modified RNA sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6, and SEQ ID NO:7; preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, and SEQ ID NO:5; more preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:1, and SEQ ID NO:2.
- SEQ ID NO:1 SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:6 and SEQ ID NO:7 are shown in Table 1 below -below.
- Table 1 Specific sequences of aptamers N30, N124, N3, 4F02, 4F03, F124 and P65. [Table 1 ]
- the aptamer according to the invention also has the ability to distinguish the conformers of fibers of a-Syn of type F from the monomers of a-Syn.
- the aptamer according to the invention also has the ability to distinguish the conformers of fibers of type F a-Syn from the conformers of fibers 65 of a-Syn and/or of a-Syn fibers 91.
- the aptamer according to the invention also has the ability to distinguish the conformers of F-type a-Syn fibers from the oligomers of a-Syn.
- the aptamer according to the invention has the ability to distinguish the conformers of F-type a-Syn fibers from the conformers of R-type a-Syn fibers, as well as the conformers of a-Syn fibers 65, a-Syn fiber conformers 91, a-Syn oligomers and a-Syn monomers.
- the aptamer according to the invention is specific for the conformers of ⁇ -Syn fibers of type F.
- the aptamer according to the invention has no affinity for the conformers of R-type a-Syn fibers, as well as a-Syn fiber 65 conformers, a-Syn fiber conformer 91, and a-Syn monomers.
- the dissociation constant K d ⁇ F) of the aptamer according to the invention, measured for the conformers of a-Syn fibers of type F, is lower (preferably significantly lower) than the dissociation constant K d(R > measured for the conformers of R-type a-Syn fibers, preferably at least 10 times lower, more preferably at least 11 times lower, more preferably still lower at least 12 times, more preferably at least 13 times less, more preferably at least 14 times less, more preferably at least 15 times less, more preferably at least 20 times less, of more preferably at least 25 times lower, more preferably at least 30 times lower, more preferably at least 40 times lower, more preferably at least 50 times lower, more preferably at least less than 100 times, preferably still less by at least 200 times, pr at least 300 times still lower, preferably at least 400 times still less, more preferably at least 500 times still less, more preferably at least 600 times still less, more preferably at least 600 times still less at least 700 times
- the affinity of the aptamer according to the invention for the conformers of R-type a-Syn fibers is so low that the dissociation constant K d(R > cannot be measured /determined using the usual methods for determining dissociation constants (such as those listed in the definition section above).
- the dissociation constant K d ⁇ F) of the aptamer according to the invention, measured for the conformers of fibers of type F a-Syn is lower (preferably significantly lower) than the dissociation constant K d(Mono) measured for the monomers of a-Syn, preferably lower by at least 2 times, preferably lower by at least 3 times, of preferably at least 4 times lower, preferably at least 5 times lower, preferably at least 6 times lower, preferably at least 7 times lower, preferably at least 8 times lower, than preferably at least 9 times lower, more preferably at least 10 times lower, more preferably at least 11 times lower, more preferably at least 12 times lower, more preferably at least 13 times, preferably still lower by at least 14 times, preferably still less lower by at least 15 times, more preferably lower by at least 20 times, more preferably at least 25 times lower, more preferably at least 30 times lower, more preferably at least 40 times lower, more preferably at least
- the affinity of the aptamer according to the invention for the monomers of a-Syn is so low that the dissociation constant Ki mono) cannot be measured/determined using the usual methods for determining dissociation constants (such as those listed in the definition section above).
- the dissociation constant K d ⁇ F) of the aptamer according to the invention, measured for the conformers of fibers of a-Syn of type F, is lower (preferably significantly lower) than the dissociation constant K d( 65> measured for the conformers of fibers 65 of a-Syn, preferably lower by at least 2 times, preferably lower by at least 3 times, preferably at least 4 times lower, preferably at least 5 times lower, preferably at least 6 times lower, preferably at least 7 times lower, preferably at least 8 times, preferably at least 9 times lower, more preferably at least 10 times lower, more preferably at least 11 times lower, more preferably at least 12 times lower, preferably still lower by at least 13 times, preferably still lower by at least 14 times, more preferably at least 15 times less, more preferably at least 20 times less, more preferably at least 25 times less, more preferably at least 30 times less, more preferably at least 40 times lower,
- the affinity of the aptamer according to the invention for the conformers of fibers 65 of a-Syn is so low that the dissociation constant K d( 65> cannot be measured/determined using the usual methods for determining dissociation constants (such as those listed in the definition section above ).
- the dissociation constant K d ⁇ F > of the aptamer according to the invention, measured for the conformers of fibers of a-Syn of type F, is lower (preferably significantly lower) than the dissociation constant K d ⁇ 9i> measured for the 91 fiber conformers of a-Syn, preferably lower by at least 2 times, preferably lower by at least 3 times, preferably at least 4 times lower, preferably at least 5 times lower, preferably at least 6 times lower, preferably at least 7 times lower, preferably at least 8 times, preferably at least 9 times lower, more preferably at least 10 times lower, more preferably at least 11 times lower, more preferably at least 12 times lower, preferably still lower by at least 13 times, preferably still lower by at least 14 times, more preferably at least 15 times less, more preferably at least 20 times less, more preferably at least 25 times less, more preferably at least 30 times less, more preferably at least 40 times lower
- the affinity of the aptamer according to the invention for the conformers of 91 fibers of a-Syn is so low that the dissociation constant K d ⁇ 9i> cannot be measured/determined using the usual methods for determining dissociation constants (such as those listed in the definition section above).
- the dissociation constant K d ⁇ F > of the aptamer according to the invention, measured for the conformers of fibers of a-Syn of type F, is lower (preferably significantly lower) than the dissociation constant K d(Random) of a random aptamer (that is to say an aptamer comprising a random sequence of modified RNA, preferably such as defined below in the “composition and kits” section) measured for the fiber conformers of F-type a-Syn, preferably at least 2 times lower, preferably at least 3 times lower, preferably at least 4 times lower, preferably at least 5 times, preferably at least 6 times lower, preferably at least 7 times lower, preferably at least 8 times lower, preferably at least 9 times lower, more preferably at least at least 10 times, more preferably at least 11 times less, more preferably at least 12 times less, more preferably at least 13 times less, more preferably at least 14 times less, more
- the affinity of the random aptamer for the conformers of ⁇ -Syn fibers of type F is so low that the dissociation constant K d(random) cannot be measured/determined in using the usual methods for determining dissociation constants (such as those listed in the definition section above).
- the dissociation constant K d ⁇ F) measured, in particular using the usual methods for determining dissociation constants (such as those listed in the definition section above), for the conformers of a-Syn fibers of type F is less than 50 nM, more preferably less than 40 nM, more preferably less than 30 nM, more preferably less than 25 nM, more preferably less than 20 nM, more preferably less than 18 nM, of more preferably less than 16 nM, more preferably less than 14 nM, more preferably less than 13 nM, more preferably less than 12 nM, more preferably less than 11 nM, more preferably less than 10 nM, more preferably less than 9 nM, more preferably less than 8 nM, more preferably less than 7 nM.
- the dissociation constant K d ⁇ R > measured, in particular using the usual methods for determining dissociation constants (such as those listed in the definition section above), for the conformers of a-Syn fibers of type R is greater than 100 nM, more preferably greater than 150 nM, more preferably greater than 200 nM, more preferably greater than 300 nM, more preferably greater than 400 nM, more preferably greater than 500 nM, more preferably greater than 600 nM, more preferably greater than 700 nM, more preferably greater than 800 nM, more preferably greater than 900 nM, more preferably greater than 1000 nM.
- the affinity of the aptamer according to the invention for the conformers of R-type a-Syn fibers is so low that the dissociation constant K d(R > cannot be measured /determined using the usual methods for determining dissociation constants (such as those listed in the definition section above).
- the aptamer according to the invention has at least one dissociation constant K d as follows: a) the dissociation constant K d ⁇ F > measured for the conformers of a-Syn fibers of type F is less than 15 nM, preferably less than 10 nM; and/or b) the dissociation constant K d ⁇ R> measured for the conformers of R-type a-Syn fibers is greater than 100 nM, preferably greater than 500 nM.
- the dissociation constant K d of an aptamer is for example measured using the usual methods for determining dissociation constants, preferably chosen from those listed in the definition section above, more preferably by filtration, more preferably by nitrocellulose membrane filtration.
- the aptamer according to the invention further comprises: i. 5' to the specific sequence, a modified RNA 5' primer sequence having at least 85% identity, preferably at least 86% identity, preferably at least 87% identity, preferably at least 88% identity, preferably at least 89% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, preferably at least 91% identity, preferably at least 92% identity, preferably at least 93% identity, preferably at least 94% identity, preferably at least 95% identity, preferably at least 96% identity, preferably at least 97% identity, preferably at least 98 % identity, preferably at least 99% identity, preferably 100% identity, with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 29 (primer sequence P72 of aptamers N, at 5'), and SEQ ID NO :30 (primer sequence P73 of aptamers 4F, F, R and P, in 5′), preferably located at the 5′ end of the specific sequence; and or ii.
- RNA 3' primer sequence having at least 85% identity, preferably at least 86% identity, preferably at least 87% identity, preferably at least 88% identity, preferably at least 89% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, preferably at least 91% identity, preferably at least 92% identity, preferably at least 93% identity, preferably at least 94% identity, preferably at least 95% identity, preferably at least 96% identity, preferably at least 97% identity, preferably at least 98 % identity, preferably at least 99% identity, preferably 100% identity, with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 31 (3' PiRT primer), SEQ ID NO: 32 (Sequence G of 24 nts in 3′), and SEQ ID NO: 33 (PiRT-G; PiTR primer+G sequence combination, in 3′), preferably located at the 3′ end of the specific sequence.
- the aptamer is in the form “5’ Primer - Specific sequence” (in the 5’ - 3’ direction of the modified RNA sequence).
- the aptamer is in the form "Specific sequence - 3' primer” (in the 5' - 3' direction of the modified RNA sequence).
- the aptamer is in the form "Primer 5' - Specific sequence - Primer 3'" (in the 5' - 3' direction of the sequence of modified RNA), the latter form being hereinafter referred to as “complete aptamer sequence” (or “combined aptamer sequence”).
- sequences SEQ ID NO:29 to SEQ ID NO:33 are shown in Table 2 below.
- the aptamer according to the invention comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, a complete sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 34 (complete sequence of aptamer N30, with 5' and 3' primers, but without G sequence), SEQ ID NO: 35 (complete sequence of aptamer N124), SEQ ID NO: 36 (complete sequence of aptamer N3), SEQ ID NO: 37 (complete sequence of aptamer 4F02), SEQ ID NO: 38 (complete sequence of aptamer 4F03), SEQ ID NO: 39 (complete sequence of aptamer F124), and SEQID NO:40 (complete sequence of aptamer P65), preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, and SED ID NO:38; more preferably chosen from
- the aptamer comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, a complete sequence of modified RNA having at least 86% identity with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO :35, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, and SEQ ID NO:40; preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, and SEQ ID NO:38; more preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:34 and SEQ ID NO:35.
- the aptamer comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, a complete sequence of modified RNA having at least 87% identity, more preferably at least 88% identity, more preferably at least 89% identity, more preferably at least 90% identity, more preferably at least 91% identity, more preferably at least 92% identity, more preferably at least 93% identity, more preferably more preferably at least 94% identity, more preferably at least 95% identity, more preferably at least 96% identity, more preferably at least 97% identity, more preferably at least 98% identity identity, more preferably at least 99% identity, with a complete sequence of modified RNA chosen from SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, and SEQ ID NO:40; preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, and SEQ ID NO:38; more preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:34 and SEQ ID
- the aptamer comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, a complete modified RNA sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37 , SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, and SEQ ID NO:40; preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:37, and SEQ ID NO:38; more preferably chosen from SEQ ID NO:34 and SEQ ID NO:35.
- Table 3 Complete sequence of aptamers N30, N124, N3, 4F02, 4F03, F124 and P65. [Table 3]
- the aptamer according to the invention may also comprise, 3' to the complete sequence "5' Primer - Specific sequence - 3'Primer" as defined above, a modified RNA 3' primer sequence having at least 85% identity, preferably at least 86% identity, preferably at least 87% identity, preferably at least 88% identity, preferably at least 89% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, preferably at least 91% identity, preferably at least 92% identity, preferably at least 93% identity, preferably at least 94% identity, preferably at least 95% identity, preferably at least 96% identity, preferably at least 97% identity, preferably at least 98% identity, preferably at least 99% identity, preferably 100% identity, with SEQ ID NO:32, preferably located at the 3' end of the aptamer.
- the aptamer is in the form "Primer 5' - Specific sequence - Primer 3' - Sequence G” (in the 5' - 3' direction of the modified RNA sequence), this form being hereinafter referred to as “complete aptamer G sequence” (or combined aptamer G sequence).
- the RNA of the aptamer according to the invention (that is to say of any aptamer as described above, including the specific sequence of the aptamer, the sequence of the 5' and/or 3' primers, the complete sequence of the aptamer, and the complete G sequence of the aptamer) has been modified in order to increase its resistance to RNA nucleases.
- the RNA of the aptamer according to the invention has been modified by at least one modification chosen from: modification of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by methylation; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in position 2' of the ribose by an O-Methoxyethyl group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by an amino group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by a halogen (in particular by fluorine); the replacement of the phosphodiester (PO) by a phosphorothioate (PS) group (this is called the phosphorothioate skeleton); the use of a locked nucleic acid type structure (Locked Nucleic Acid, LNA), i.e.
- LNA locked nucleic Acid
- the RNA of the aptamer according to the invention has preferably been modified by at least one modification chosen from modification of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by methylation; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in position 2' of the ribose by an O-Methoxyethyl group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by an amino group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in position 2' of the ribose by a halogen (in particular by fluorine); and any combination thereof.
- the riboses of the pyrimidines bear a fluorine atom on the carbon in the 2' position.
- the modified IRNA of the aptamer according to the invention is an RNA whose riboses of the pyrimidine nucleotides (pyrimidine nucleotides) carry an atom fluorine on the carbon in the 2' position, preferably in which the riboses of the purine nucleotides (purine nucleotides) are unchanged (therefore it is a 2'Fluoropyrimidine RNA (RNA2'F-Py)).
- RNA2'F-Py 2'Fluoropyrimidine RNA
- the aptamer according to the invention further comprises at least one additional group as defined above in the “Definitions” section.
- the additional group can be added to any nucleotide of the aptamer.
- the additional group(s) is (are) preferably located at the 3' end of the aptamer, or at the 5' end of the aptamer, or at the end 3' and at the 5' end of the aptamer.
- aptamers having a strong affinity for the conformer of ⁇ -Syn fibers of the F type (dissociation constant K d between 5 and 10 nM).
- these aptamers exhibit a very low or even zero affinity for the conformer of fibers of a-Syn of type R, as well as the conformers of fibers 65 and 91 of a-syn.
- the inventors have also demonstrated that these aptamers recognize with an affinity at least 10 times lower the a-Syn protein in native form (monomeric, non-fibrillar form).
- the inventors have developed a method using a mixture of these aptamers which makes it possible to effectively discriminate these fiber conformers by high-throughput sequencing, applicable to patient samples.
- the present invention therefore relates to a composition
- a composition comprising, or consisting essentially of, at least one aptamer according to the invention (as defined above).
- the present invention further relates to a kit comprising, or consisting essentially of, at least one aptamer according to the invention (as defined above).
- the composition or the kit further comprises at least one additional aptamer chosen from aptamers comprising, or consisting essentially of, or consisting of, a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO:8 (sequence specific for aptamer NO), SEQ ID NO:9 (sequence specific for aptamer N1), SEQ ID NO:10 (sequence specific for aptamer N2), SEQ ID NO: 11 (specific sequence of aptamer N4), SEQ ID NO: 12 (specific sequence of aptamer N5), SEQ ID NO: 13 (specific sequence of aptamer N15), SEQ ID NO: 14 ( specific sequence of aptamer N20), SEQ ID NO: 15 (sequence specific for aptamer N37), SEQ ID NO: 16 (specific sequence for aptamer N62) and SEQ ID NO: 17 (specific sequence for aptamer N73), SEQ ID NO: 18 (specific sequence for aptamer chosen from
- the additional aptamer comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 86% identity with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:27, and SEQ ID NO:28.
- the additional aptamer comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 87% identity, more preferably at least 88% identity, more preferably at least 89 % identity, more preferably at least 90% identity, more preferably at least 91% identity, more preferably at least 92% identity, more preferably at least 93% identity, of more preferably at least 94% identity, more preferably at least 95% identity, more preferably at least 96% identity, more preferably at least 97% identity, more preferably at least 98% identity, more preferably at least 99% identity, with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID
- the additional aptamer comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, a specific modified RNA sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO :11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:19 , SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:27, and SEQ ID NO:28.
- a specific modified RNA sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO :11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ
- Table 4 Specific sequences of additional aptamers NO, N1, N2, N4, N5, N15, N20, N37, N62, N73, N164, 4F01, 4F04, 4F05, R01, R02, R03, R04, R05, R84 and P91 [Table 4]
- At least one additional aptamer of the composition or of the kit according to the invention further comprises: i. 5' of the specific sequence, a 5' primer sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity, preferably at least 86% identity, preferably at at least 87% identity, preferably at least 88% identity, preferably at least 89% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, preferably at least 91% identity, preferably at least at least 92% identity, preferably at least 93% identity, preferably at least 94% identity, preferably at least 95% identity, preferably at least 96% identity, preferably at least least 97% identity, preferably at least 98% identity, preferably at least 99% identity, preferably 100% identity, with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 29 (primer sequence P72 of the aptamers N, at 5') and SEQ ID NO: 30 (primer sequence P73 of aptamers 4F, F, R and P, at 5'), preferably located at the 5' end of the specific sequence; and/or ii.
- RNA 3' primer sequence having at least 85% identity, preferably at least 86% identity, preferably at least 87% identity, preferably at least 88% identity, preferably at least 89% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, preferably at least 91% identity, preferably at least 92% identity, preferably at least 93% identity, preferably at least 94% identity, preferably at least 95% identity, preferably at least 96% identity, preferably at least 97% identity, preferably at least 98 % identity, preferably at least 99% identity, preferably 100% identity, with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 31 (3' PiRT primer), SEQ ID NO: 32 (Sequence G of 24 nts in 3′) and SEQ ID NO: 33 (PiRT-G; PiTR primer+G sequence combination, in 3′), preferably located at the 3′ end of the specific sequence.
- the additional aptamer is in the form "5' Primer - Additional Aptamer Specific Sequence" (in the 5' - 3' direction of the modified RNA sequence).
- the additional aptamer is in the form "Additional aptamer specific sequence - 3' primer” (in the 5'-3' direction of the RNA sequence amended).
- the additional aptamer is in the form "5' Primer - Additional Aptamer Specific Sequence - 3' Primer” (in the 5' - 3' direction of the modified RNA sequence), the latter form being referred to hereinafter as “complete sequence of the additional aptamer” (or combined sequence of the additional aptamer).
- sequences SEQ ID NO:29 to SEQ ID NO:33 are shown in Table 2 above.
- At least one additional aptamer of the composition or of the kit according to the invention is chosen from aptamers comprising, or consisting essentially of, or consisting of, a complete sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 41 (complete sequence of the aptamer NO, with primers 5 'and 3 ', but without sequence G), SEQ ID NO: 42 (complete sequence of aptamer N1), SEQ ID NO: 43 (complete sequence of aptamer N2), SEQ ID NO: 44 (complete sequence of aptamer N4), SEQ ID NO: 45 (complete sequence of aptamer N5), SEQ ID NO: 46 (complete sequence of aptamer N15), SEQ ID NO: 47 (complete sequence of aptamer N20), SEQ ID NO: 48 (complete sequence of aptamer N37), SEQ ID NO: 49 (complete sequence of aptamer N62) and SEQ ID NO: 50 (complete sequence of aptamer N73
- At least one additional aptamer comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, a complete sequence of modified RNA having at least 86% identity with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:
- the additional aptamer comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, a complete sequence of modified RNA having at least 87% identity, more preferably at least 88% identity, more preferably at least 89 % identity, more preferably at least 90% identity, more preferably at least 91% identity, more preferably at least 92% identity, more preferably at least 93% identity, of more preferably at least 94% identity, more preferably at least 95% identity, more preferably at least 96% identity, more preferably at least 97% identity, more preferably at least 98% identity, more preferably at least 99% identity, with a complete modified RNA sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46,
- At least additional aptamer comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, a complete modified RNA sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:60, and SEQ ID NO:61.
- sequences SEQ ID NO:41 to 61 are shown in Table 5 below.
- At least one additional aptamer of the composition or of the kit according to the invention may also comprise, 3′ of the complete sequence “Primer 5′ - Additional aptamer specific sequence - Primer 3′” as defined above, a sequence modified RNA 3' primer having at least 85% identity, preferably at least 86% identity, preferably at least 87% identity, preferably at least 88% identity, preferably at least 89% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, preferably at least 91% identity, preferably at least 92% identity, preferably at least 93% identity, preferably at least 94% identity, preferably at least 95% identity, preferably at least 96% identity, preferably at least 97% identity, preferably at least 98% identity, preferably at least 99% identity
- the additional aptamer is in the form "Primer 5' - Specific sequence additional aptamer - Primer 3' - Sequence G" (in the 5'-3' direction of the modified RNA sequence), this form being referred to below as “complete sequence G of the additional aptamer” (or combined sequence G of the additional aptamer).
- the RNA of at least one aptamer according to the invention of the composition or of the kit according to the invention has been modified in order to increase its resistance to RNA nucleases.
- the RNA of at least one aptamer according to the invention of the composition or of the kit according to the invention (preferably the RNA of all the aptamers according to the invention of the composition or of the kit according to the invention) has been modified by at least one modification chosen from: modification of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by methylation; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in position 2' of the ribose by an O-Methoxyethyl group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by an amino group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by a halogen (in particular by fluorine); the replacement of the phosphodiester (PO) by a
- RNA of at least one aptamer according to the invention of the composition or of the kit according to the invention has preferably been modified by at least one modification chosen from modification of the OH function on the carbon in the 2′ position of the ribose by methylation; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by an O-Methoxyethyl group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by an amino group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by a halogen (in particular by fluorine); and any combination thereof.
- modification of the OH function on the carbon in the 2′ position of the ribose by methylation the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by an O-Methoxyethyl group
- the RNA of at least one aptamer according to the invention of the composition or of the kit according to the invention has been modified so that the riboses of the pyrimidine nucleotides bear a fluorine atom on the carbon in the 2' position.
- the modified RNA of the aptamer according to the invention of the composition or of the kit according to the invention is an RNA in which the riboses of the pyrimidine nucleotides (pyrimidine nucleotides) bear a fluorine atom on the carbon in the 2' position, preferably in which the riboses of the purine nucleotides (purine nucleotides) are unchanged (it therefore acts as an RNA 2'Fluoro-pyrimidines (RNA2'F-Py)).
- RNA2'F-Py RNA 2'Fluoro-pyrimidines
- the RNA of at least one additional aptamer of the composition or of the kit according to the invention has been modified in order to increase its resistance to RNA nucleases.
- the RNA of at least one additional aptamer of the composition or of the kit according to the invention (preferably the RNA of all the additional aptamers of the composition or of the kit according to the invention) has been modified by at least a modification chosen from: modification of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by methylation; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in position 2' of the ribose by an O-Methoxyethyl group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by an amino group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by a halogen (in particular by fluorine); the replacement of the phosphodiester (PO) by a phosphorothioate (
- the RNA of at least one additional aptamer of the composition or of the kit according to the invention has preferably been modified by at least one modification chosen from modification of the OH function on the carbon in the 2′ position of the ribose by methylation; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in position 2' of the ribose by an O-Methoxyethyl group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by an amino group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in position 2' of the ribose by a halogen (in particular by fluorine); and any combination thereof.
- modification of the OH function on the carbon in the 2′ position of the ribose by methylation the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in position 2' of the ribose by an O-Methoxyethyl group
- the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by an amino group the substitution of the
- the RNA of at least one additional aptamer of the composition or of the kit according to the invention (preferably the RNA of all the additional aptamers of the composition or of the kit according to the invention) has been modified so that the riboses of pyrimidine nucleotides carry a fluorine atom on the carbon in the 2' position.
- the modified RNA of the additional aptamer of the composition or of the kit according to the invention is an RNA whose the riboses of the pyrimidine nucleotides (pyrimidine nucleotides) bear a fluorine atom on the carbon in the 2' position, preferably in which the riboses of the purine nucleotides (purine nucleotides) are unchanged (therefore it is an RNA 2'Fluoro-pyrimidines (RNA2'F-Py)).
- RNA2'F-Py RNA 2'Fluoro-pyrimidines
- the RNA of all the additional aptamers of the composition or of the kit according to the invention has been modified as defined above.
- the RNA of at least one additional aptamer of the composition or of the kit according to the invention (preferably of all the additional aptamers of the composition or of the kit according to the invention) has been modified in the same way way that the RNA of at least one aptamer according to the invention of the composition or of the kit according to the invention (preferably of all the aptamers according to the invention of the composition or of the kit according to the invention).
- the composition or the kit according to the invention comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, at least the following aptamers: aptamer comprising a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity with SEQ ID NO: 1 (sequence specific for aptamer N30), aptamer comprising a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity with SEQ ID NO: 2 (sequence specific for aptamer N124), aptamer comprising a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity with SEQ ID NO:3 (specific sequence of aptamer N3), aptamer comprising a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity with SEQ ID NO: 8 (specific sequence of aptamer NO), aptamer comprising a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity, with SEQ ID NO: 9 (specific sequence of aptamer N1), aptamer comprising a specific sequence of modified RNA having at least 85% identity, with SEQ ID NO
- a specific molecular imprint (a characteristic signature or even a distinctive profile) can be obtained for a biological sample containing different conformers of the a-Syn protein.
- This specific molecular fingerprint can be used in the diagnosis, prognosis, stratification or even monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases, in particular synucleinopathies.
- the composition or the kit according to the invention comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, at least the aptamers (that is to say an assortment/mixture of aptamers) comprising a modified RNA specific sequence having at least 85% identity, preferably at least 86% identity, preferably at least 87% identity, preferably at least 88% identity, preferably at least 89 % identity, preferably at least 90% identity, preferably at least 91% identity, preferably at least 92% identity, preferably at least 93% identity, preferably at least 94 % identity, preferably at least 95% identity, preferably at least 96% identity, preferably at least 97% identity, preferably at least 98% identity, preferably at least 99 % identity, preferably 100% identity, with the following sequences: SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:13
- At least one aptamer from the assortment of aptamers of the composition or of the kit according to the invention further comprises: i. 5' to the specific sequence, a modified RNA 5' primer sequence having at least 85% identity, preferably at least 86% identity, preferably at least 87% identity, preferably at least 88% identity, preferably at least 89% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, preferably at least 91% identity, preferably at least 92% identity, preferably at least 93% identity, preferably at least 94% identity, preferably at least 95% identity, preferably at least 96% identity, preferably at least 97% identity, preferably at least 98 % identity, preferably at least 99% identity, preferably 100% identity, with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 29 (primer sequence P72 of aptamers N, at 5') and SEQ ID NO: 30 (primer sequence P73 of aptamers 4F, F, R and P, in 5'), preferably located at the 5' end of the specific sequence; and/or
- RNA 3' primer sequence having at least 85% identity, preferably at least 86% identity, preferably at least 87% identity, preferably at least 88% identity, preferably at least 89% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, preferably at least 91% identity, preferably at least 92% identity, preferably at least 93% identity, preferably at least 94% identity, preferably at least 95% identity, preferably at least 96% identity, preferably at least 97% identity, preferably at least 98 % identity, preferably at least 99% identity, preferably 100% identity, with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO: 31 (3' PiRT primer), SEQ ID NO: 32 (Sequence G of 24 nts in 3', cf page 128 of the thesis) and SEQ ID NO: 33 (PiRT-G; PiTR primer+G sequence combination, in 3'), preferably located at the 3' end of the specific sequence.
- the composition or the kit according to the invention comprises, or consists essentially of, or consists of, at least the aptamers (that is to say an assortment/mixture of aptamers) comprising a complete modified RNA sequence having at least 85% identity, preferably at least 86% identity, preferably at least 87% identity, preferably at least 88% identity, preferably at least 89% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, preferably at least 91% identity, preferably at least 92% identity, preferably at least 93% identity, preferably at least 94% identity, preferably at least 95% identity, preferably at least 96% identity, preferably at least 97% identity, preferably at least 98% identity, preferably at least 99% identity, preferably 100% identity, with the following sequences: SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO :42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:
- At least one aptamer of the assortment of aptamers of the composition or of the kit according to the invention may also comprise, in 3′ of the complete sequence “Primer 5′ - Aptamer specific sequence assortment - Primer 3′” as defined above, a modified RNA 3' primer sequence having at least 85% identity, preferably at least 86% identity, preferably at least 87% identity, preferably at least 88% identity, preferably at least 89% identity, preferably at least 90% identity, preferably at least 91% identity, preferably at least 92% identity, preferably at least 93% identity identity, preferably at least 94% identity, preferably at least 95% identity, preferably at least 96% identity, preferably at least 97% identity, preferably at least 98% identity identity, preferably at least 99% identity, preferably 100% identity, with SEQ ID NO:32, preferably located at the 3' end of the aptamer of the assortment.
- the aptamer of the assortment is in the form "Primer 5' - Aptamer specific sequence assortment - Primer 3' - Sequence G" (in the 5' - 3' direction of the RNA sequence modified), this form being referred to hereinafter as "complete sequence G of the aptamer of the assortment” (or combined sequence G of the aptamer of the assortment).
- the composition or the kit according to the invention further comprises at least one aptamer (aptamer called "random aptamer”) comprising, or consisting essentially of, or consisting of, a random sequence of modified RNA having at at least 85% identity, preferably at least 86% identity, preferably at least 87% identity, preferably at least 88% identity, preferably at least 89% identity, preferably at least at least 90% identity, preferably at least 91% identity, preferably at least 92% identity, preferably at least 93% identity, preferably at least 94% identity, preferably at least at least 95% identity, preferably at least 96% identity, preferably at least 97% identity, preferably at least 98% identity, preferably at least 99% identity, preferably 100% identity, with a sequence chosen from SEQ ID NO:62 (Scr-1), and SEQ ID NO:63 (Scr-2), preferably with SEQ ID NO:63.
- Table 6 shows the sequences SEQ ID NO:62 and SEQ ID NO:63.
- the RNA of at least one random aptamer of the composition or of the kit according to the invention has been modified in order to increase its resistance to RNA nucleases.
- the RNA of at least one random aptamer of the composition or of the kit according to the invention (preferably the RNA of all the random aptamers of the composition or of the kit according to the invention) has been modified by at least a modification chosen from: modification of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by methylation; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in position 2' of the ribose by an O-Methoxyethyl group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by an amino group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by a halogen (in particular by fluorine); the replacement of the phosphodiester (PO) by a phosphorothioate (
- the RNA of at least one random aptamer of the composition or of the kit according to the invention has preferably been modified by at least a modification chosen from modification of the OH function on the carbon in position 2' of the ribose by methylation; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in position 2' of the ribose by an O-Methoxyethyl group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in the 2' position of the ribose by an amino group; the substitution of the OH function on the carbon in position 2' of the ribose by a halogen (in particular by fluorine); and any combination thereof this.
- the RNA of at least one random aptamer of the composition or of the kit according to the invention has been modified so that the riboses of pyrimidine nucleotides carry a fluorine atom on the carbon in the 2' position.
- the modified IRNA of the random aptamer of the composition or of the kit according to the invention is an RNA whose riboses of the pyrimidine nucleotides (pyrimidine nucleotides) bear a fluorine atom on the carbon in the 2' position.
- RNA2'F-Py 2'Fluoro-pyrimidine RNA
- the RNA of at least one random aptamer of the composition or of the kit according to the invention (preferably of all the random aptamers of the composition or of the kit according to the invention) has been modified in the same way so that the RNA of at least one aptamer according to the invention and/or of at least one additional aptamer (as defined above) of the composition or of the kit according to the invention (preferably of all the aptamers according to the invention and/or of all the additional aptamers of the composition or of the kit according to the invention).
- the kit according to the invention is characterized in that, when the kit comprises several aptamers, these are: a) all in a single composition, or b) distributed in several distinct compositions in separate containers , including the case where each of the aptamers is in a separate composition located in a separate container.
- the kit according to the invention further comprises instructions for use.
- composition or the kit according to the invention may also comprise an excipient (chosen for example from carriers, solvents, diluents, adjuvants, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, absorption, and any combination thereof), a buffer solution (selected, for example, from Tris, Hepes, phosphate, sodium, and any combination thereof), a solution of divalent ions (selected, for example, from magnesium ions , calcium, sodium, potassium and any combination thereof), an enzyme (chosen for example from DNA polymerases, RNA polymerases, reverse-transcriptase, ligases, and any combination thereof), nucleotides, etc, and any combination thereof.
- excipient Chosen for example from carriers, solvents, diluents, adjuvants, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, absorption, and any combination thereof
- a buffer solution selected, for example, from Tris, Hepes, phosphate, sodium, and any
- the excipients, buffer solutions, solution of divalent ions, enzymes, nucleotides, etc. may each be in a separate composition located in a separate container, or may be mixed in pairs or more in separate compositions in separate containers, or all in one composition. They can also be mixed with one or more aptamers from the kit.
- excipients include water, NaCl, saline solutions, saccharide solutions (e.g. glucose, trehalose, sucrose, dextrose, etc.), Ringer's milk, alcohols, oils, gelatins, carbohydrates such as lactose, amylose or starch, fatty acid esters, hydroxymethylcellulose, etc. (see for example the most recent edition of Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, A. Gennaro, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins).
- composition or the kit according to the invention can also comprise the compounds necessary for the amplification (in vitro) of the conformers of ⁇ -Syn fibers of type F and/or of type R.
- the amplification of the conformers of fibers can be carried out by any technique known to those skilled in the art. Such techniques include in particular methods for the cyclic amplification of misfolded proteins (PMCA, for "protein misfolding cyclic amplification” in English), for example as described in Fenyi et al., 2019.
- composition or the kit according to the invention may further comprise a buffer solution suitable for the amplification of ⁇ -Syn fiber conformers (chosen for example from Tris, Tris-HCl, Hepes, KCl, and any combination thereof), and/ or ⁇ -Syn monomers, etc.
- a buffer solution suitable for the amplification of ⁇ -Syn fiber conformers (chosen for example from Tris, Tris-HCl, Hepes, KCl, and any combination thereof), and/ or ⁇ -Syn monomers, etc.
- RNA ribonucleic acid
- the present invention therefore provides useful aptamers for carrying out screening of molecules but also tools for research in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.
- the present invention therefore relates to the in vitro use of at least one aptamer according to the invention, of at least one composition according to the invention, of at least one kit according to the invention, or of any combination of these, for: a) detecting the presence or absence of at least one conformer of ⁇ -Syn type F fibers in a biological sample; b) quantifying (ie determining the amount of) a conformer of ⁇ -Syn type F fibers in a biological sample; c) establishing a molecular fingerprint of a-Syn fiber conformers, preferably of a-Syn F and R type a-Syn fibers, in a biological sample; d) screening compounds/molecules capable of detecting and/or recognizing an F-type a-Syn fiber conformer, preferably screening compounds/molecules capable of discriminating F-type a-Syn fiber conformers from conformers of R-type a-Syn fibers; or e) any combination of a) to d
- the in vitro use for a) detecting the presence or absence of at least one F-type ⁇ -Syn fiber conformer in a biological sample preferably comprises the following steps:
- Detection methods can use in particular ELISA techniques, gel retardation tests, filtration (in particular filtration on a nitrocellulose membrane), chromatography, thermophoresis, "pull-down” tests, equilibrium dialysis , analytical ultracentrifugation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), spectroscopic assays, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), PCR, quantitative PCR, sequencing (including high-throughput sequencing) , DNA chips etc.
- ELISA techniques gel retardation tests, filtration (in particular filtration on a nitrocellulose membrane), chromatography, thermophoresis, "pull-down” tests, equilibrium dialysis , analytical ultracentrifugation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), spectroscopic assays, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), PCR, quantitative PCR, sequencing (including high-throughput sequencing) , DNA chips etc.
- the in vitro use for b) quantifying (i.e. determining the amount of) a conformer of ⁇ -Syn type F fibers in a biological sample preferably comprises the following steps:
- the quantification methods can in particular use ELISA techniques, gel retardation tests, filtration (in particular filtration on a nitrocellulose membrane), chromatography, thermophoresis, "pull-down” tests, dialysis with balance, analytical ultracentrifugation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), spectroscopic assays, isothermal calorimetric titration (ITC), PCR, quantitative PCR, high-throughput sequencing, chip DNA etc.
- Methods for molecular fingerprinting of a-Syn conformers, particularly of F-type a-Syn fiber conformers include ELISA techniques, gel retardation assays, filtration (including filtration on nitrocellulose membrane), chromatography, thermophoresis, "pull-down” tests, equilibrium dialysis, analytical ultracentrifugation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), spectroscopic tests , isothermal calorimetric titration (ITC), PCR, quantitative PCR, high-throughput sequencing, DNA chip etc.
- composition or a kit according to the invention comprising at least 2 aptamers will preferably be chosen, and in particular a composition or a kit comprising an assortment of aptamers as defined above. -above.
- the in vitro use for d) screening compounds/molecules capable of detecting and/or recognizing a conformer of ⁇ -Syn type F fibers preferably comprises the following steps:
- the quantification methods can in particular use ELISA techniques, gel retardation tests, filtration (in particular filtration on a nitrocellulose membrane), chromatography, thermophoresis, "pull-down” tests, dialysis with balance, analytical ultracentrifugation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), spectroscopic assays, isothermal calorimetric titration (ITC), PCR, quantitative PCR, high-throughput sequencing, chip DNA etc.
- ELISA techniques gel retardation tests, filtration (in particular filtration on a nitrocellulose membrane), chromatography, thermophoresis, "pull-down” tests, dialysis with balance, analytical ultracentrifugation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), spectroscopic assays, isothermal calorimetric titration (ITC), PCR, quantitative PCR, high-throughput sequencing, chip DNA etc.
- the in vitro use according to the invention (i.e. the use as described above for a) detecting the presence or absence of at least one conformer of a-Syn fibers of type F in a biological sample, b) quantify a conformer of fibers of type F of a-Syn in a biological sample, c) establish a molecular fingerprint of conformers of fibers of a-Syn in a biological sample, d) screening for compounds/molecules capable of detecting and/or recognizing an F-type a-Syn fiber conformer, and any combination thereof) further comprises a step 1') performed before step 1), amplification (in vitro) of conformers of F-type and/or R-type a-Syn fibers in a biological sample or a sample of conformers of F-type a-Syn fibers.
- fibers can be made by any technique known to those skilled in the art. Such techniques include in particular protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) methods
- aptamers according to the invention can be used as tools for diagnosis, prognosis, stratification or even monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases, in particular synucleinopathies, or even for evaluating the effectiveness of a treatment .
- a specific molecular fingerprint (a characteristic signature or even a distinctive profile) can be obtained for a biological sample containing different conformers of the a-Syn protein.
- This specific molecular fingerprint makes it possible to distinguish neurodegenerative diseases from each other, in particular synucleinopathies.
- the present invention therefore relates to an in vitro method for diagnosing a synucleinopathy in a subject having at least one symptom of a neurodegenerative disease, comprising: a) bringing a biological sample from the subject (called sample (A)) into contact with at least one aptamer according to the invention, at least one composition according to the invention, at least one kit according to the invention, or any combination thereof; b) the detection of the presence or the absence of at least one conformer of fibers of type F a-Syn, the quantification of the conformers of fibers of type F a-Syn, the establishment of a fingerprint molecular conformers of a-Syn fibers (preferably of a-Syn F and R type a-Syn fibers), or any combination thereof, in the subject's biological sample; and c) diagnosing the presence or absence of a synucleinopathy in the subject based on the result of step b).
- the subject is suffering from a synucleinopathy, if the presence of at least one conformer of ⁇ -Syn type F fibers is detected and/or if a molecular fingerprint specific to a synucleinopathy is obtained .
- the method further comprises a step a′) carried out before step a), of amplification (in vitro) of the conformers of F-type and/or R-type a-Syn fibers in a biological sample from said subject (referred to as sample (A)).
- sample (A) a biological sample from said subject
- the amplification of the fiber conformers can be carried out by any technique known to those skilled in the art. Such techniques include in particular protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) methods, for example as described in Fenyi et al., 2019.
- PMCA protein misfolding cyclic amplification
- the method further comprises a step b′) carried out between step b) and step c), of detecting the presence or absence of at least one conformer of F-type a-Syn fibers, quantification of conformers of F-type a-Syn fibers, establishment of a molecular fingerprint of conformers of a-Syn fibers, Syn (preferably a-Syn F and R type a-Syn fibers), or any combination thereof, in one or more biological sample(s) from subject(s) of reference.
- the reference subject(s) preferably comprises at least one reference subject suffering from a synucleinopathy and optionally at least one healthy reference subject.
- the method may further comprise a step b”) carried out between step b′) and step c), of comparison of the conformers of F-type a-Syn fibers detected, of the conformers of quantified F-type a-Syn fibers, and/or of the molecular fingerprint of the F-type a-Syn fiber conformers obtained, for steps b) and b′).
- step c) includes diagnosing the synucleinopathy in the subject based on the comparison in step b”).
- the subject will be diagnosed as suffering from a synucleinopathy if the comparison of step b') shows that the result of step b) is comparable to that obtained in step b') for a reference sample of a reference subject suffering from synucleinopathy (depending on the different reference samples, more accurate diagnosis among synucleinopathies can potentially be made on the same principle), and as not suffering from synucleinopathy if the result of step b ) is comparable to that obtained in step b′) for a reference sample from a healthy reference subject.
- the method according to the invention may comprise steps a′), a), b), and c) as described above, or steps a), b), b′), and c) such as described above, or steps a'), a), b), b'), and c) as described above, or steps a), b), b'), b”), and c) as described above, or else steps a′), a), b), b′), b”), and c) as described above.
- the present invention further relates to an in vitro method for stratifying a synucleinopathy, prognosing a synucleinopathy, monitoring a synucleinopathy, or evaluating the efficacy of a treatment for a synucleinopathy in a subject suffering from a synucleinopathy, comprising: a) bringing a biological sample from the subject (called sample (A)) into contact with at least one aptamer according to the invention, at least one composition according to the invention, at least one kit according to the invention, or any combination thereof; b) the detection of the presence or the absence of at least one conformer of fibers of type F a-Syn, the quantification of the conformers of fibers of type F a-Syn, the establishment of a fingerprint structure of a-Syn fiber conformers (from preferably ⁇ -Syn type F and ⁇ -Syn R fibers, or any combination thereof, in the subject's biological sample; and c) stratifying the synucleinopathy, pro
- the synucleinopathy is aggravated, or the prognosis for the synucleinopathy is negative, or the synucleinopathy has evolved, or the treatment for the synucleinopathy is ineffective or not very effective, if the presence of at least one conformer is detected of a-Syn type F fibers and/or if a molecular fingerprint specific to a synucleinopathy is obtained.
- the method further comprises a step a′) carried out before step a), of amplification (in vitro) of the conformers of F-type and/or R-type a-Syn fibers in a biological sample from said subject (referred to as sample (A)).
- sample (A) a biological sample from said subject
- the amplification of the fiber conformers can be carried out by any technique known to those skilled in the art. Such techniques include in particular protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) methods, for example as described in Fenyi et al., 2019.
- PMCA protein misfolding cyclic amplification
- the in vitro method for prognosis and/or stratification further comprises a step b′) carried out between step b) and step c ), detection of the presence or absence of at least one conformer of F-type a-Syn fibers, quantification of the conformers of F-type a-Syn fibers, establishment of a fingerprint molecular structure of a-Syn fiber conformers (preferably a-Syn F- and R-type a-Syn fibers), or any combination thereof, in one or more biological sample(s) reference subject(s).
- the reference subject(s) preferably comprises at least one subject suffering from a synucleinopathy at a known prognosis/stage/level of stratification (preferably at least one reference subject suffering from a synucleinopathy at a known prognosis/stage/level of stratification, the synucleinopathy being the same for the reference subject and for the tested/prognosticated subject) and optionally at least one healthy reference subject.
- a sample from a reference subject suffering from a synucleinopathy use may in particular be made of a sample from a subject suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (LCD) or multiple system atrophy (MSA).
- PD Parkinson's disease
- LCD dementia with Lewy bodies
- MSA multiple system atrophy
- the method may further comprise a step b”) carried out between step b′) and step c), of comparison of the conformers of F-type a-Syn fibers detected, of the conformers of quantified F-type a-Syn fibers, and/or of the molecular fingerprint of the F-type a-Syn fiber conformers obtained, for steps b) and b′).
- step c) comprises the prognosis and/or the stratification of the synucleinopathy in the subject according to the comparison of step b”).
- the subject will have a comparable prognosis, and/or will be stratified as being at a comparable stage/level of stratification, to that of a reference subject with the same synucleinopathy at a known prognosis/stage/level of stratification, if the comparison of step b') shows that the result of step b) is comparable to that obtained in step b') for a reference sample of the reference subject (according to the different reference samples, a prognosis and/ or a more precise stratification among the different stages can potentially be done on the same principle).
- the subject will have a more negative prognosis, and/or will be stratified as being at a more advanced (more severe) stage/level of stratification, than a reference subject with the same synucleinopathy at a known prognosis/stage/level of stratification or a healthy reference subject, if the result of step b) shows a greater detection of F fibers, or a higher quantity of F-type a-Syn fibers, or a molecular fingerprint richer in fibers F, than that obtained in step b′) for a reference sample from the reference subject or from the healthy reference subject.
- the subject will have a better prognosis, and/or will be stratified as being at a less advanced stage/level of stratification (less severe), than a reference subject suffering from the same synucleinopathy at a prognosis/stage/ known level of stratification, if the result of step b) shows a lower detection of F fibers, or a lower quantity of F-type a-Syn fibers, or a molecular fingerprint poorer in F fibers, than that obtained in step b′) for a reference sample of the reference subject.
- the method according to the invention may comprise steps a′), a), b), and c) as described above, or steps a), b), b′), and c) such as described above, or steps a'), a), b), b'), and c) as described above, or steps a), b), b'), b”), and c) as described above, or else steps a′), a), b), b′), b”), and c) as described above.
- the in vitro method of stratifying a synucleinopathy, prognosing a synucleinopathy, monitoring a synucleinopathy, or evaluating the effectiveness of a treatment of a synucleinopathy in a subject suffering from a synucleinopathy further comprises a step b') carried out between step b) and step c), of detecting the presence or absence of at least one conformer of F-type a-Syn fibers, quantification of the conformers of F-type a-Syn fibers, establishment of a molecular fingerprint of conformers of a-Syn fibers ( preferably, a-Syn F and R type a-Syn fibers, or any combination thereof, in a second biological sample from the test subject (referred to as sample (B)).
- Said second sample (B) was preferably obtained/taken after sample (A), for example during a second visit (sample (A) then having been obtained during a first visit), preferably said sample (B) having been obtained at least 24 hours after sample (A), more preferably at least 48 hours after sample (A), more preferably at least 72 hours after sample (A ), more preferably at least 7 days after sample (A), more preferably at least 10 days after sample (A), more preferably at least 15 days after sample (A), more preferably at least
- sample (A) was obtained between 7 days and 6 months after sample (A), more preferably said sample (B) having been obtained between 10 days and 5 months after sample (A), more preferably between 15 days and 4 months, more preferably between 21 days and 3 months, more preferably between 30 and 60, more preferably between 40 and 50 days.
- the method can further comprise a step b”) carried out between step b′) and step c), of comparison of the conformers of type F a-Syn fibers detected, of the conformers of quantified F-type a-Syn fibers, and/or the molecular fingerprint of the obtained F-type a-Syn fiber conformers, for steps b) (therefore for sample (A) of the subject ) and b') (therefore for the sample (B) of the subject).
- step c) includes synucleinopathy stratification, synucleinopathy prognosis, synucleinopathy follow-up, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment of the synucleinopathy, in the subject, according to the comparison of step b”).
- the subject will be stratified as being at an unchanged/comparable stage/level of stratification, or the subject will have an unchanged/comparable prognosis, or the synucleinopathy will have little or no progress in the subject (will be stable), or the treatment of the synucleinopathy will be reasonably effective, if the comparison of step b') shows that the result of step b) is comparable to that obtained in step b').
- the subject will be stratified as being at a more advanced (more severe) stage/level of stratification, or the subject will have a more negative prognosis, or the synucleinopathy will have evolved (worsened, worsened) in the subject, or the treatment of the synucleinopathy will be ineffective or not very effective, if the result of step b) shows a greater detection of F fibers, or a higher quantity of F-type a-Syn fibers, or a molecular fingerprint richer in fibers F, than that obtained in step b').
- the subject will be stratified as being at a less advanced stage/level of stratification (less severe), or the subject will have a better prognosis, or the synucleinopathy will have improved (will be less severe, will have receded) in the subject , or the treatment of the synucleinopathy will be effective, if the result of step b) shows a lower detection of F fibers, or a lower quantity of F-type a-Syn fibers, or a lower molecular fingerprint in fibers F, than that obtained in step b′).
- the method according to the aforementioned embodiment may also further comprise a step a′) carried out before step a), of amplification (in vitro) of the conformers of a-Syn fibers of type F and/or of type R in sample (A) and/or sample (B).
- the amplification of the fiber conformers can be carried out by any technique known to those skilled in the art. Such techniques include in particular protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) methods, for example as described in Fenyi et al., 2019.
- PMCA protein misfolding cyclic amplification
- the method according to the invention may comprise steps a′), a), b), and c) as described above, or steps a), b), b′), and c) such as described above, or steps a'), a), b), b'), and c) as described above, or steps a), b), b'), b”), and c) as described above, or else steps a′), a), b), b′), b”), and c) as described above.
- FIG. 1 Representative example of barcodes/molecular fingerprints of a-Syn fiber conformers of type F (left panel), R (middle panel) and 91 (right panel) obtained following controlled proteinase proteolysis K (PK) at different times in minutes (1, 5 or 15 min, indicated at the top of each panel; Landureau et al., 2021).
- PK proteinase proteolysis K
- FIG. 2 Results of the screening of the 28 candidate aptamers and their associated random sequences against the F, R, 65 and 91 fibers of a-Syn: Ratio between the amount of oligonucleotide remaining bound on the nitrocellulose membrane compared to the amount of their associated random sequence (Scr1-G or Scr2-G) remained linked.
- the graphs show the ratio between the amount of oligonucleotide remaining bound on the nitrocellulose membrane relative to the amount of associated random sequence (Scr1-G or Scr2-G) remaining bound.
- FIG. 3 Measurement of the affinity of aptamer N30-G for a-Syn fibers of type F or R.
- FIG. 4 Measurement of the affinity of aptamer N30-G for "amyloid-b" type fibers or the P110 fiber of a-Syn or the monomers of a-Syn.
- FIG. 5 Measurement of the affinity of aptamer N124-G for a-Syn fibers of type F or R.
- FIG. 6 Measurement of the affinity of aptamer N124-G for "amyloid-b" type fibers or the P110 fiber of a-Syn or the monomers of a-Syn.
- FIG. 7 Detection of F-type a-Syn fibers by aptamer N30-G by separation on Sp6 column.
- FIG. 8 Representative example of a molecular fingerprint of the presence of a conformer by analyzing the aptamer frequency of a mixture by high-throughput sequencing.
- FIG. 9 Molecular fingerprint of the presence of an F or R conformer in a medium by sequencing the evolution of the frequency of 15 oligonucleotides.
- a mixture of 14 aptamers (named N) and a control sequence (named Scr-2 (for Scramble 2)) was incubated in a medium containing F or R fiber conformers (respectively conditions Fn1 to Fn3 and Rn1 to Rn3 ) or in a fiber-free medium (conditions 0n1 to 0n4).
- the figure represents the evolution of the frequency of each aptamer in the mixture compared to its initial frequency in the mixture. This analysis reveals a specific signature for each conformer.
- RNA chemistry in which all the pyrimidines are modified in the 2' position of their ribose by a fluorine group. This chemical modification is known to greatly increase the resistance of RNAs to degradation by RNAses.
- the affinity of the aptamers was evaluated using a second method, which consists in measuring the quantity of complex formed by varying the concentration of the aptamer, and leaving that of the target constant. During these measurements, we place us in such a way that the target concentration is so high compared to the aptamer concentration, so we can neglect the quantity of target bound to the aptamer compared to the quantity of free target.
- the curve of the quantity of complex formed as a function of the concentration of candidate initially present must be hyperbolic and show saturation.
- aptamers M5-15 and T-S0508 selected by Tsukakoshi and his collaborators respectively in 2010 and 2012 (Tsukakoshi et al., 2010, 2012), were chosen. These aptamers in DNA chemistry have been selected to recognize the monomeric and oligomeric forms of a-syn respectively.
- T-S0508 which recognized a-Syn oligomers with a kd of 68 nM, was shown to also have affinity for A640 oligomers (kd of 25 nM).
- aptamers F5R1 and F5R2 which are also in DNA chemistry and were selected in 2019 by Zheng et al., (Zheng et al., 2018; Ren et al., 2019). They recognize Ga-Syn with kds of 2.4 and 3.07 nM respectively.
- the DNA chemistry aptamer Tau 3146 was also tested. This aptamer was isolated by a rapid process called “Non-SELEX", during which three successive rounds of selection without amplification between selections were carried out against the monomeric Tau 441 isoform (Lisi et al., 2018).
- Aptamer Tau 3146 has been shown to be able to bind to Tau 441, Tau 381, Tau 352 and Tau 383 isoforms with kds of 13 ⁇ 3nM, 116 ⁇ 6nM, 84 ⁇ 6 nM and 49 ⁇ 4nM respectively.
- the affinity of candidate aptamers as well as that of aptamers from the literature was also measured against different "amyloid" type fibers (Tau1 N3R fibers and A640 fibers), in addition to the F and R fiber conformers of a-syn.
- the affinity of candidate aptamers against the a-Syn "P110" fiber was also measured. This fiber was made from a-Syn proteins truncated from amino acid no. 110 (the 30 amino acids of the C-terminal domain are therefore missing).
- Oligonucleotides at 10 nM (hybridized by heat shock to SpG-LNA radioactively labeled with P32 for RNA2'F chemistry oligonucleotides, or directly labeled with P32 for DNA oligonucleotides) were presented to the proteins at 250 nM in a Ts1X solution containing 0.1% Igepal and ssDNA added in a 5-1 proportion relative to the oligonucleotides (ie between 0.135 pg/ml and 17.325 pg/ml). After 30 min of incubation at 37° C., 25 ml of each mixture is deposited on the nitrocellulose membrane, then filtered.
- the measurements were carried out in triplicate (three independent experiments on different days) for the a-Syn fibers of the F and R type, and in duplicate for the other fibers (Tau1 N3R and the A640 fibers, and P110) as well as for a-syn monomers.
- the oligonucleotides radioactively labeled with P32 (by hybridization to a SpG-LNA labeled with P32 for the RNA2'F-Py sequences, by direct labeling for the DNA sequences) were mixed with the proteins at 250 nM (fiber F or monomers of a -syn) in Ts1X, Igepal 0.1%. After 30 min of incubation at 37° C, 25 ⁇ l of the mixtures were deposited on an Sp6 column whose buffer had been changed beforehand to Ts1X. After a first centrifugation of the deposit, the column was washed twice with Ts1X. The columns were finally eluted by washing with 2% SDS solution. The fractions were then deposited in a 24-well plate, and the plate exposed for several hours on a photostimulable phosphor screen. Exposure analysis allowed quantification of each of the fractions for each condition.
- a mixture of 14 aptamers (named N) and a control sequence (named Scr-2 (for Scramble 2)) was incubated in a medium containing F or R fiber conformers (respectively conditions Fn1 to Fn3 and Rn1 to Rn3 ) or in a fiber-free medium (conditions 0n1 to 0n4).
- the mixture was filtered on an exclusion column and the sequences retained on the column after 3 washes were eluted with 2% SDS.
- Phenol-chloroform extraction the mixture of oligonucleotides was amplified by RT-PCR. During this step, the sequences were extended by "adaptor" sequences allowing their high-throughput sequencing. After purification by agarose gel electrophoresis, the mixtures were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing. 1.2. Results
- Table 8 shows the sequences of successful candidates.
- Table 8 - Sequences of selected aptamer candidates. The random parts (i.e. the specific parts) of the sequences are underlined, and the constant parts corresponding to the sites of the primers are not underlined. Scr-1 and Scr-2 aptamers have a random sequence.
- Figure 2 shows that the aptamers N3, N30, N124, 4F01, 4F02, 4F03, 4F05, F124 and P65 remain bound to the conformers of F-type a-Syn fibers in much larger quantities than random sequences.
- candidates N3-G, N30-G and N124-G remain on average 3.5 times more bound to F-type a-Syn fibers than Scr2-G.
- the coefficient of variation is expressed, the ratio between the standard deviation of the values and their mean.
- the "reproducibility” column gives the number of experiments for which binding between the aptamer and the target was measured. The symbol “-” means that no experiment was carried out. The mention “No binding” is indicated in the table when the binding of the aptamer tested is not significantly greater than that of the random sequence associated with it.
- aptamers N30-G, N124-G, T-S0508 and F5R1 bind to F-type a-Syn fibers with K d less than 10 nM at each experiment.
- Aptamers T-S0508 and F5R1 also bound to R-type a-Syn fibers in each experiment, while aptamers N30-G and N124-G did not bind to R-type a-Syn fibers in each experiment. significantly superior to their associated random sequences.
- Aptamers M5-15, F5R2 and Tau 3146 bind neither to F fibers nor to R-type a-Syn fibers (no binding significantly greater than their associated random sequences).
- the data reveal that only the N30-G and N124-G aptamers are able to discriminate the F fiber from the R fiber among the tested aptamers.
- the aptamers of the prior art recognize either the 2 fibers with comparable affinities (aptamers T-S0508 and F5R1), or are not able to recognize the fibers of type R a-Syn nor the fibers of a-Syn type F (M5-15, F5R2 and Tau 3146).
- the aptamers T-S0508 and F5R1 have lower K d values for the F fiber and higher Bmax values for the R fiber (differing on the order of a factor of 2). However, a difference in K d of a factor of 2 is not sufficient to allow reliable discrimination between the 2 types of fibers.
- Figures 4 and 6 further show that aptamers N30 and N124 show no affinity for a-Syn monomers.
- aptamers N30 and N124 have a highly specific affinity for the F fiber of a-Syn. Indeed, the aptamers N30 and N124 are capable of discriminating, in a reproducible and specific manner, the F fiber of a-Syn not only from the R fiber of a-Syn but also from the monomer of a-Syn and other types of fibers such as amyloid-B fibers.
- aptamer N30-G The affinity of aptamer N30-G for F fiber conformers or monomers was tested by exclusion column filtration (Sp6 from Biorad). The capacities of aptamer N30-G were compared to those of aptamer T-S0508. Scr2-G and Scr_DNA sequences were used as controls.
- the inventors have developed a new diagnostic method using a mixture of aptamers to diagnose the presence of a fiber conformer in a medium (Figure 8).
- a selection of 14 of the 28 aptamers developed was mixed in equimolar quantity, as well as a control sequence. This mixture was incubated in a medium containing no fiber or containing either F or R fiber conformers. The mixtures were then deposited on an Sp6 exclusion column. After amplification and purification, the mixtures were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing. The proportion of each sequence in the mixture is compared to the starting proportion.
- Figure 9 represents the evolution of the frequency of each aptamer in the mixture compared to its initial frequency in the mixture. This analysis reveals a specific signature for each conformer.
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| PCT/FR2022/050993 WO2022248805A1 (fr) | 2021-05-27 | 2022-05-25 | Aptameres arn specifiques de conformeres de fibres de la proteine a-synucleine |
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