EP4343246A1 - Anlage und verfahren zur herstellung einer kryogenen flüssigkeit - Google Patents

Anlage und verfahren zur herstellung einer kryogenen flüssigkeit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4343246A1
EP4343246A1 EP23187445.4A EP23187445A EP4343246A1 EP 4343246 A1 EP4343246 A1 EP 4343246A1 EP 23187445 A EP23187445 A EP 23187445A EP 4343246 A1 EP4343246 A1 EP 4343246A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
cooling
cycle
gas
cooled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23187445.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Emeline VANDROUX
Florian Martin
Ludovic Granados
Jean-Marc Bernhardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP4343246A1 publication Critical patent/EP4343246A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0065—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0067—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0205—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level SCR refrigeration cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/10—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
    • F25J2240/44—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval the fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an installation and a method for producing a cryogenic fluid.
  • the invention relates more particularly to an installation for producing a cryogenic fluid, in particular liquefied hydrogen, comprising a gas circuit to be cooled having an upstream end intended to be connected to a gas source and a downstream end intended to be connected to at least one receiving system, for example a cryogenic storage, the installation comprising, arranged in at least one cold box, a set of heat exchangers in thermal exchange with the hydrogen circuit to be cooled, the installation comprising a pre-cooling device in heat exchange with at least a first part of the set of heat exchangers and configured to pre-cool the gas circuit to be cooled to a first determined temperature, the installation further comprising a cryogenic cooling device in thermal exchange with at least a second part of the set of heat exchanger(s) and configured to cool the gas circuit to be cooled to a second determined temperature lower than the first temperature, the device for pre -cooling comprising a refrigerator with a closed circuit of pre-cooling fluid, the circuit comprising a device for compressing the pre-cooling fluid, a
  • Pre-cooling can be carried out with a pre-cooling device using for example a nitrogen cycle (or other pre-cooling fluid) in a cold box. Optimization of the nitrogen cycle is a compromise between the compactness of the cold box and performance (power consumed).
  • a nitrogen cycle or other pre-cooling fluid
  • Pre-cooling is generally achieved via a pre-cooling device using a closed pre-cooling fluid loop producing cold via an appropriate thermodynamic cycle.
  • the cold is produced, for example, by turbines for expanding the flow of the pre-cooling fluid.
  • the hydrogen to be cooled is sub-cooled in the last pre-cooling exchanger whose temperature at the cold end is effectively controlled thanks to a thermosyphon of the pre-cooling fluid.
  • the fluid from the liquefaction cycle which ensures liquefaction is also pre-cooled in the main pre-cooling exchanger.
  • This known solution requires the provision of large heat exchangers in the pre-cooling cold box.
  • the corresponding cold box is bulky.
  • energy efficiency is not optimal.
  • An aim of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art noted above.
  • the installation according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the cycle gas cooling member and/or the member for reheating the cycle gas comprises one or more first heat exchangers distinct cycle(s) of the first part of pre-cooling heat exchangers of the gas circuit to be cooled, these first cycle heat exchangers also being cooled(s) by heat exchange with the circuit of the pre-cooling fluid cooling of the pre-cooling device.
  • the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the characteristics above or below within the scope of the claims.
  • Installation 1 for producing a cryogenic fluid illustrated schematically in [ Fig.1 ] comprises a circuit 2 of gas to be cooled/liquefied, in particular hydrogen.
  • This circuit 2 of gas to be cooled has an upstream end 21 intended to be connected to a gas source and a downstream end 22 intended to be connected to at least one recipient system, for example a cryogenic storage of liquefied gas.
  • the installation 1 comprises, arranged in at least one cold box 3, 4, a set of heat exchangers 5, 6, 7 in thermal exchange with the hydrogen circuit 2 to be cooled.
  • the installation 1 comprises a device 8 for pre-cooling in heat exchange with at least a first part 5, 6 of the set of heat exchangers (or exchangers 5, 6 for pre-cooling the circuit 2 of gas to be cooled ).
  • the pre-cooling device 8 is configured to cool the gas circuit 2 to be cooled to a first determined temperature, for example between 65 and 100K and preferably between 77 and 90K.
  • the installation 1 further comprises a cryogenic cooling device 9 in heat exchange with at least a second part 7 of the set of heat exchangers (further downstream).
  • the cooling device 9 is configured to cool the gas circuit 2 to be cooled from the first temperature to a determined second temperature. lower than the first temperature, for example between 18 and 25K and preferably between 20 and 23K.
  • this second part 7 of the set of heat exchanger(s) comprises at least one second cycle heat exchanger 7 ensuring a thermal exchange between the circuit 2 of hydrogen to be cooled and the circuit 19 of work of a cryogenic cooling device 9 described below.
  • the pre-cooling device 8 comprises a refrigerator with a closed circuit 18 of pre-cooling fluid, for example nitrogen, a mixture of refrigerating fluids (MRC) composed of the components proposed for example in the doctoral thesis of Songwut Krasae- in "Efficient Hydrogen Liquefaction Processes” ISBN978-82-471-1869-6.r, page 43 and 44).
  • the circuit 18 comprises, arranged in series and/or in parallel, a device 28 for compressing the pre-cooling fluid (one or more compressors in series and/or in parallel), an expansion device 38 for the pre-cooling fluid (one or more turbines or valves in series and/or in parallel), at least one thermosyphon 48 of the pre-cooling fluid.
  • MRC mixture of refrigerating fluids
  • the circuit 18 comprises one or more heat exchange portions with at least one heat exchanger of the first part 5, 6 of the set of heat exchanger(s).
  • the pre-cooling fluid undergoes a compression-cooling-expansion-reheating cycle in circuit 18 which produces cold power at at least one end of the circuit which is put into thermal exchange with circuit 2 of gas to be cooled.
  • the gas circuit 2 to be cooled is pre-cooled in at least one last exchanger 6 (last from upstream to downstream) whose temperature at the cold end can be effectively controlled thanks to a flow of pre-cooled fluid. -cooling generated by a thermosyphon 48.
  • thermosyphon 48 is a fluid circulation system (gas and/or liquid) based on expansion-contraction and Archimedean thrust, the circulation being ensured by temperature differences between the different incoming/outgoing fluid flows.
  • the thermosyphon 48 comprises for example at least one inlet and one outlet connected to a loop of the circuit 18 of pre-cooling fluid in thermal exchange with at least one heat exchanger 6 of pre-cooling of the circuit 2 of gas to be cooled.
  • the thermosyphon 48 comprises for example a lower fluid inlet, an internal fluid heating chamber, a vertical conduit (chimney) positioned at the top of this chamber, a fluid outlet vertical to the axis of the inlet.
  • the cryogenic cooling device 9 comprises a refrigerator with a refrigeration cycle of a cycle gas in a working circuit 19.
  • the cycle gas preferably comprising at least one of: hydrogen, helium, neon.
  • the working circuit 19 of the refrigerator 9 is preferably closed and comprises a member 29 for compressing the cycle gas (one or more compressors in series and/or in parallel), a member 15, 16, 7 for cooling the cycle gas compressed (one or more heat exchangers), a member 39 for expanding the compressed and cooled cycle gas (one or more turbines or valves in series and/or in parallel) and a member 7, 15 for reheating the expanded cycle gas (one or more compressors in series and/or in parallel).
  • the working fluid undergoes a compression-cooling-expansion-reheating cycle which produces a cold power at at least one end of the circuit 19 which is placed in thermal exchange with the circuit 2 of gas to be cooled with a view to liquefying it.
  • the member 15, 16, 7 for cooling the cycle gas and the member 7, 15 for heating the cycle gas may comprise one or more heat exchangers, preferably counter-current and ensuring heat exchange. between relatively cold and hot flows (to ensure their heating and cooling respectively)
  • the refrigerator 9 comprises one or more first cycle heat exchangers 15, 16 which are distinct from the first part of heat exchangers 5, 6 configured to pre-cool the gas circuit 2 to be cooled.
  • these first cycle heat exchangers 15, 16 are cooled by heat exchange with the circuit 18 of the pre-cooling fluid of the pre-cooling device 8. That is to say that the pre-cooling of the circuit 2 of gas to be cooled (for example hydrogen) and the pre-cooling of the cycle gas (for example based on helium) are carried out by the circuit of pre-cooling fluid (for example nitrogen-based) in separate separate exchangers.
  • the working fluid of the refrigerator cycle 9 is pre-cooled in at least a first dedicated cycle heat exchanger 15, 16 which does not exchange with the circuit 2 of fluid to be cooled.
  • this cycle gas can be pre-cooled in a heat exchanger 16 whose temperature at the cold end can be effectively controlled by a flow of pre-cooling fluid generated by a thermosyphon 48 (preferably a thermosyphon 48 distinct from the thermosyphon 48 described previously which ensures the pre-cooling of the gas circuit 2).
  • a thermosyphon 48 preferably a thermosyphon 48 distinct from the thermosyphon 48 described previously which ensures the pre-cooling of the gas circuit 2.
  • thermosyphon 48 associated with a first cycle heat exchanger 15, 16 and the thermosyphon 48 associated with at least one pre-cooling exchanger of the circuit 2 of gas to be cooled can be distinct and therefore example arranged in parallel and/or in series in the pre-cooling fluid circuit 18.
  • the pre-cooling of the cycle gas of the refrigerator 9 by the pre-cooling fluid in a dedicated heat exchanger makes it possible to maximize the pre-cooling of circuit 2 of hydrogen to cool and gas pre-cooling cycle of refrigerator 9.
  • the cycle gas of the refrigerator 9 can, by returning to the compression 29, transfer frigories to the pre-cooling fluid in a heat exchanger 15 (before returning to compression 28.
  • thermosyphon(s) 48 may comprise at least one inlet and at least two outlets, the two outlets being connected to two distinct portions of the circuit 18 of pre-cooling fluid in thermal exchange with the heat exchanger(s) 5, 6 , 15, 16 concerned.
  • thermosyphon 48 of the pre-cooling fluid has for example at least one inlet and one outlet connected to a loop of the circuit 18 of pre-cooling fluid in thermal exchange with at least one first cycle heat exchanger 15, 16.
  • the first cycle heat exchanger(s) 15, 16 comprise at least one heat exchanger in thermal exchange with a flow of pre-cooling fluid from the circuit 18 leaving a thermosyphon 48.
  • thermosyphon 48 connected to at least one exchanger 16 makes it possible to effectively control the temperature of the cycle fluid of the refrigerator 9.
  • the pre-cooling liquid is produced by the pre-cooling device 8.
  • the liquid pre-cooling fluid can be expanded in a turbine 38 or a valve before being sent to the thermosyphon(s) 48.
  • the pressures within the thermosyphons 48 can be different.
  • the low pressure pre-cooling fluid produced by the thermosyphon(s) 48 and by the expansion device 38 can be put into thermal exchange with all or part of the heat exchangers (heat exchangers 5, 6 for pre-cooling the circuit 2 on the one hand and the heat exchangers 15, 16 of the refrigerator circuit 9 on the other hand).
  • This configuration with dissociated exchangers for respectively the pre-cooling of the circuit 2 of gas to be cooled and for the pre-cooling of the circuit 19 of the working gas (with respective dissociated pre-cooling flows) makes it possible to use in a box cold 3 exchangers of relatively smaller size than in the prior art.
  • this separate distribution of cold power from the pre-cooling device 8 to the gas circuit 2 to be cooled and to the cycle fluid of the refrigerator 9 increases the overall efficiency of the installation.
  • thermosyphon 48 for pre-cooling the cycle gas of the refrigerator 9 makes it possible to pre-cool the cycle gas of the refrigerator 9 to a lower temperature. This makes it possible to reduce the energy consumption for liquefaction of the gas to be cooled from circuit 2 in the cold box 4.
  • the temperature can be lower because the temperature of the liquid pre-cooling fluid is controlled by the pressure within the thermosyphon(s) 48.
  • the heat exchange can be greater in the dedicated exchangers 6, 16.
  • the heat exchanger(s) 5, 6 configured for pre-cooling the gas circuit 2 to be cooled
  • the first cycle heat exchanger(s) 15, 16 and at least one part 38, 48 of the pre-cooling device (8) are arranged in the same first pre-cooling cold box 3.
  • This first cold box 3 is preferably thermally insulated under vacuum or thermally insulated via perlite (or other insulator) and flushed with a gas such as nitrogen for example.
  • the second cycle heat exchanger(s) 7 which are intended to liquefy the gas of the gas circuit 2 to be cooled are preferably located in a second cold box 4 distinct from the first cold box 3 ( thermally insulated under vacuum or other).
  • This second cold box 4 also preferably contains the associated cryogenic components (turbine, valve(s), etc.).
  • the last second cycle heat exchanger 7 can be in thermal exchange with a first portion of the working circuit 19 of the device 9 conveying cycle gas before passing into an expansion member 39 (turbine(s) 39) and with a second portion of the working circuit 19 of the device 9 conveying cycle gas after passing through said expansion member 39. That is to say that the cycle exchanger 7 can include multiple passages of the working circuit 19 of the refrigerator 9.
  • thermosyphons 48 in parallel can make it possible to operate these two thermosyphons at different pressures so that the pressure loss in the pre-cooling cycle (up to the inlet of the compressor 28) is identical in the two branches of the circuit (on the side of the pre-cooling circuit in heat exchange 5, 6 with the circuit 2 of gas to be cooled and on the heat exchange side 15, 16 with liquefaction cycle of the first cycle exchangers).
  • thermosyphon 48 it is possible to lower the pressure on the side of the thermosyphon 48 in thermal exchange with the first cycle exchangers 15, 16 of the refrigerator. This allows the cycle gas to be relatively pre-cooled a little more. This improves the performance and overall control of the installation
  • the pre-cooling fluid circuit 18 preferably comprises a set of valve(s) making it possible to control the operating pressures of the two thermosyphons 48 in parallel.
  • valves 58 respectively control the entry of fluid into the thermosyphons 48, for example Joule Thomson type valves.
  • one or more valve(s) may be provided in the pre-cooling fluid circuit 18 upstream of the compressor(s) 28 to regulate the pressure at the inlet of the compression device (to ensure that the flow of the two loops of the circuit returns to the same pressure at the inlet of the common compressor 28).
  • thermosyphon 48 (associated with the first exchanger 15 of the refrigerator 9) can be connected to a sub-atmospheric compressor configured to reduce the pressure within it even further.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates this variant with a sub-atmospheric compressor 68 on the pipe connecting the second thermosyphon 48 to the inlet of the compression member 28.
  • a compressor 28 can be coupled to a turbine 38 (turbocharger).
  • the flow supplying the second thermosyphon 48 (connected to the heat exchangers cycle heat 16) is pre-cooled by the first thermosyphon 48 (associated with the pre-cooling exchangers 6). That is to say that the pipe supplying the second thermosyphon 48 exchanges thermally before with at least one pre-cooling exchanger 6. In this configuration, the distribution of cold power between the two cycles can be modified.
  • the first thermosyphon 48 (associated with pre-cooling) will, for example, process more fluid flow and more available pre-cooling power.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
EP23187445.4A 2022-09-26 2023-07-25 Anlage und verfahren zur herstellung einer kryogenen flüssigkeit Pending EP4343246A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR2209712A FR3140154B1 (fr) 2022-09-26 2022-09-26 Installation et procédé de production d’un fluide cryogénique

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EP4343246A1 true EP4343246A1 (de) 2024-03-27

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US (1) US20240102728A1 (de)
EP (1) EP4343246A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2024047550A (de)
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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3380809A (en) * 1963-10-16 1968-04-30 Air Prod & Chem Process for liquefaction and conversion of hydrogen
JP2004210597A (ja) * 2003-01-06 2004-07-29 Toshiba Corp 排熱利用水素・酸素システムおよび液体水素の製造方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3380809A (en) * 1963-10-16 1968-04-30 Air Prod & Chem Process for liquefaction and conversion of hydrogen
JP2004210597A (ja) * 2003-01-06 2004-07-29 Toshiba Corp 排熱利用水素・酸素システムおよび液体水素の製造方法

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KUENDIG ANDRES ET AL: "Large scale hydrogen liquefaction in combination with LNG re-gasification", vol. 23, 1 June 2006 (2006-06-01), pages 3326 - 3333, XP055886984, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.cder.dz/A2H2/Medias/Download/Proc%20PDF/posters/[GIV]%20Liquid%20&%20gaseous%20storage,%20delidevy,%20safety,%20RCS/713.pdf> *
KUZ 'MENKO I F ET AL: "Open Joint-Stock Company CONCEPT OF BUILDING MEDIUM-CAPACITY HYDROGEN LIQUEFIERS WITH HELIUM REFRIGERATION CYCLE", 1 January 2004 (2004-01-01), pages 22 - 24, XP055886987, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/B:CAPE.0000024144.92081.aa.pdf> [retrieved on 20220203] *

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KR20240043103A (ko) 2024-04-02
US20240102728A1 (en) 2024-03-28
FR3140154B1 (fr) 2024-08-16
JP2024047550A (ja) 2024-04-05

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