EP4341708A1 - Procédé et dispositif de commande pour détermination d'une quantité d'énergie dans une batterie ou un élément de batterie - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de commande pour détermination d'une quantité d'énergie dans une batterie ou un élément de batterie

Info

Publication number
EP4341708A1
EP4341708A1 EP22712575.4A EP22712575A EP4341708A1 EP 4341708 A1 EP4341708 A1 EP 4341708A1 EP 22712575 A EP22712575 A EP 22712575A EP 4341708 A1 EP4341708 A1 EP 4341708A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
battery
voltage
state
charge state
rcx
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22712575.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marian VLCEK
Jiri VALTR
Adam Hrazdira
Stefan Aust
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of EP4341708A1 publication Critical patent/EP4341708A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
    • G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a control unit for determining an amount of energy in a battery or battery cell.
  • An important parameter is an amount of energy that is taken from or added to the battery when it is in operation.
  • a remaining range, an operating time or an amount of energy required to fully charge the battery can be determined with the aid of energy quantities.
  • a quantity of energy can be determined both in the charging direction and in the discharging direction.
  • an amount of energy can also be determined in intervals between states of charge (SOC) of the battery. Determining amounts of energy accurately is crucial for determining a (current) state of the battery.
  • a recursive method for adaptive multi-parameter regression is known from US Pat. No. 7,612,532 B2, which is expanded by forgetting factors that are unique for each regressive parameter.
  • Applications of this process can include lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and lithium-ion batteries, among others.
  • a control method is presented that has an arbitrary number of model parameters, each with its own time weighting factor.
  • a method for determining optimal values for the time weighting factors is included to give more effect to recently obtained system state determination data.
  • a weighted recursive least squares method is used, with time weighting conforming to the exponential forgetting formalism. The derived result does not involve any matrix inversion and the procedure is iterative, ie each parameter is fed back individually at each time step.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a method and a control device for determining an amount of energy in a battery or battery cell, in which the amount of energy can be reliably determined.
  • a method for determining an amount of energy in a battery or battery cell is provided, with a starting charge state being received, with a discharging state being received, with a load profile between the starting charge state and the discharging state being received, with intermediate charging states between the starting charge state and the discharging state and associated weighting factors are determined, with parameters of an equivalent circuit model of the battery or battery cell being estimated for each of the intermediate charge states determined, and with an amount of energy in the battery or battery cell between the starting charge state and the discharge state being determined on the basis of the load profile, the weighting factors and the parameters, and as an energy quantity signal provided.
  • control unit for determining an amount of energy in a battery or battery cell
  • the control unit being set up to receive an initial charge state, to receive an end charge state, to receive a load profile between the initial charge state and the end charge state, to receive intermediate charge states between the initial charge state and the To determine the final state of charge and associated weighting factors, to estimate parameters of an equivalent circuit model of the battery or battery cell for each of the intermediate states of charge determined, and to determine an amount of energy in the battery or battery cell between the initial state of charge and the final state of charge on the basis of the load profile, the weighting factors and the parameters and as provide energy quantity signal.
  • the method and the control unit make it possible to determine, in particular to estimate, an amount of energy in an improved manner.
  • parameters of an equivalent circuit model of the battery or the battery cell are estimated for intermediate charging states that lie within an interval between a starting charging state and an end charging state.
  • the parameters are estimated, in particular, as a function of the intermediate charge state considered in each case.
  • a temperature or a temperature dependency is taken into account when estimating the parameters.
  • the parameters are therefore dependent in particular on the respective intermediate charging state and the prevailing temperature.
  • the temperature can be detected, for example, by means of a temperature sensor on the battery or battery cell, or it can be provided in some other way, for example, it can be estimated.
  • the amount of energy in the battery or battery cell between the starting charge state and the end charge state is determined.
  • the determined amount of energy is provided as an energy amount signal.
  • the energy quantity signal can be analog or digital.
  • the energy quantity signal can be transmitted to a battery controller and/or a vehicle controller or a charging infrastructure, for example.
  • One advantage of the method and the control unit is that losses occurring in the battery or battery cell can be taken into account in an improved manner by taking into account state-of-charge-dependent and, in particular, also temperature-dependent parameters. The amount of energy between the initial charging state and the final charging state can therefore be determined in an improved manner.
  • the starting state of charge and the discharge state are in particular between a minimum state of charge and a maximum state of charge of the battery or battery cell.
  • the starting state of charge and the discharged state of charge are received, for example, as an analog or digital signal from the initial state of charge and as an analog or digital signal from the discharged state of charge, for example from a battery controller and/or a vehicle controller.
  • the starting state of charge and the discharge state can also be queried from a battery controller or a vehicle controller.
  • a load profile refers in particular to a current during charging and/or during discharging between the initial charging state and the final charging state.
  • the load profile can be based on recorded sensor data (current measurement) as well as on specified, e.g. simulated or estimated data.
  • the load profile can be time-resolved.
  • the parameters of the equivalent circuit model can, for example, have been determined empirically for different states of charge and temperatures of the battery.
  • the parameters determined are then stored in a memory, in particular in the control unit, and can be called up as required and, if necessary, made available in an interpolated form if the parameters are to be estimated for an intermediate charging state. It is however, alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to determine and/or estimate the parameters by simulation.
  • the determined intermediate charge states form, in particular, interpolation points in a numerical integration carried out to determine the amount of energy.
  • the selected numerical integration method specifies the intermediate charge states and the associated weighting factors as support points.
  • an amount of energy can be determined within any desired state of charge interval by integration over a voltage of the battery or battery cell.
  • open or closed Newton-Cotes formulas can be selected as numerical integration methods, in which uniformly distributed interpolation points are used. Support points that are not uniformly distributed can also be used by means of Gauss-Legendre squaring. The methods differ in the choice of support points, but the rest of the procedure is the same.
  • the integral is always calculated as the weighted sum of the stresses at the interpolation points. In principle, however, other numerical integration methods can also be used.
  • Parts of the control device can be designed individually or combined as a combination of hardware and software, for example as program code that is executed on a microcontroller or microprocessor. However, it can also be provided that parts are designed individually or combined as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or field-programmable gate array (FPGA).
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field-programmable gate array
  • the method and the control device can be used in particular in a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle.
  • a vehicle can also be another land, rail, water, air or space vehicle, for example a drone or an air taxi.
  • the method and the control unit can also be used in other mobile or stationary energy stores.
  • an amount of energy can be calculated as follows:
  • Q N0 mmai is a capacity of the battery or battery cell with the unit Ah (ampere hours)
  • SOC start is the starting charge level
  • SOC End is the final charge level (each without a unit as a percentage or value between 0 and 1)
  • U is the voltage of the battery or Battery cell
  • SOC the state of charge of the battery or battery cell.
  • the integral is solved using a numerical integration method, for example using one of the open or closed Newton-Cotes formulas:
  • w t is the weighting factor at the interpolation point i corresponding to an intermediate charge state SOC t .
  • the equivalent circuit model includes at least one open-circuit voltage as a voltage source, a series resistance and at least one RC element.
  • the essential effects in the battery or battery cell can be taken into account; in particular, a time-dependent behavior can be taken into account by means of the at least one RC element.
  • the equivalent circuit model has more than one RC element, so that multiple time-dependent processes within the battery or battery cell can also be taken into account.
  • a total voltage of the battery or battery cell is determined at least from the open-circuit voltage, a series resistance voltage drop across the series resistance and an RC element voltage drop across the at least one RC element. This enables the amount of energy to be determined particularly efficiently.
  • the RC elements are connected in series.
  • the no-load voltage t/ ocv is estimated as a parameter by the equivalent circuit model as a function of the intermediate charge state SO.
  • the load profile is received in the form of a root mean square value of a current and a mean value of the current, with the series resistance voltage dropping across the series resistance being determined from the root mean square of the current and the mean value of the current for the intermediate charging states. This allows the series resistance voltage to be reliably determined, particularly in the case of load profiles with a non-constant current curve.
  • R 0 is the series resistance dependent on the intermediate charging state SO
  • I RMS is the root mean square of the current
  • I Avg is the mean value of the current.
  • R 0 is a parameter that is estimated using the equivalent circuit model for the respective intermediate charge state.
  • the average values can also be average values over a few interpolation points around the interpolation point under consideration (for example in the form of a moving average that takes into account a predetermined number of interpolation points).
  • a time is determined until reaching the intermediate charge state considered in each case, with the RC element voltage starting from the certain time and a time constant of the at least one RC element is determined.
  • the RC element voltage of the at least one RC element can be estimated in an improved manner and the total voltage can subsequently also be determined in an improved manner.
  • t h is the time constant for the nth RC element.
  • the RC element resistance R ßC n is estimated as a parameter depending on the intermediate charge state SO using the equivalent circuit model.
  • the RC elements are saturated so that they can be replaced by constant resistors.
  • Such a procedure is possible in particular with a constant load (constant current in the load profile) and/or large intervals between the initial charge state and the end charge state.
  • 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the control device for determining an amount of energy in a battery or battery cell
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic flow chart of processing in the control unit according to an embodiment of the method
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of an equivalent circuit model.
  • control unit 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of control unit 1 for determining an amount of energy 20 in a battery or battery cell.
  • the control device 1 comprises a computing device 2 and a memory 3.
  • the computing device 2 is, for example, a microprocessor or a microcontroller on which program code is executed in order to carry out the method described in this disclosure.
  • hard-wired hardware components can also be provided, which partially or fully execute the method.
  • Control unit 1 can be part of a battery control system.
  • An initial charge state 10, an end charge state 11 and a load profile 12 are supplied to control unit 1. Provision can also be made for a current temperature 13 of the battery or battery cell to be fed to control unit 1 .
  • the current temperature of the battery or battery cell can be detected and/or estimated using a temperature sensor 50, for example.
  • the control unit 1 can also form a common device together with the temperature sensor 50 .
  • the starting state of charge 10, the final state of charge 11 and the load profile 12 are queried and/or provided, for example, by an energy management system (not shown) or a vehicle controller 51 of a vehicle (not shown).
  • the starting charge state 10, the end charge state 11 and the load profile 12 are received by the control unit 1 and processed by the computing device 2.
  • Control unit 1 is set up to determine intermediate charging states 14 between starting charging state 11 and final charging state 12 and associated weighting factors 15 . This takes place in a module 100. For each of the intermediate charging states 14 determined, the control unit 1 estimates parameters 16 of an equivalent circuit model of the battery or the battery cell in a module 101. This also happens in particular taking into account the temperature 13. The estimation is carried out, for example, on the basis of empirically determined parameters of the equivalent circuit model. Provision can be made here for empirically determined parameters to be interpolated. Alternatively or additionally, provision can also be made for the parameters to be estimated on the basis of a simulation.
  • an exemplary equivalent circuit model 30 is shown schematically in FIG. 3 . It is provided in the example that the equivalent circuit model 30 comprises at least one open-circuit voltage U ocv modeled in the form of a capacitance C as a voltage source, a series resistance R 0 and two RC elements RC1, RC2 with the resistances R1, R2 and the capacitances C1, C2 . In principle, however, the equivalent circuit model 30 can also have more or fewer RC elements RC1, RC2.
  • Parameters 16 are in particular open-circuit voltage U ocv (Fig. 3), series resistance R 0 (Fig. 3), a resistance R1, R2 of RC elements RC1, RC2 (Fig 3) and estimated time constants of the RC elements RC1, RC2. Furthermore, a voltage across the RC elements RC1, RC2 for the starting state of charge 10 is also estimated.
  • the weighting factors 15 and the parameters 16 Based on the load profile 12 (Fig. 2), which is provided in particular as a mean value 12-1 of the current and as a root mean square 12-2 of the current, the weighting factors 15 and the parameters 16, an amount of energy 20 of the battery or in a module 102 Battery cell between the starting state of charge 10 and the discharge state 11 determined.
  • the determined amount of energy 20 is provided as an energy amount signal 21 .
  • a total voltage U (Fig. 3) of the battery or battery cell for each intermediate charging state 14 is determined from at least the open-circuit voltage U ocv , a series resistance voltage U R0 dropping across the series resistor R 0 and a series resistance voltage U R0 across the RC elements RC1 , RC2 falling RC element voltage U RC1 , U RC2 is determined.
  • the series resistance voltage U R0 dropping across the series resistor R 0 is determined from the root mean square 12-2 (FIG. 2) of the current and the mean value 12-1 (FIG. 2) of the current .
  • the RC element voltage U RC1 , U RC2 dropping across the at least one RC element RC1, RC2 (Fig. 3)
  • a time is determined until the intermediate charge state 14 under consideration is reached is, wherein the RC element voltage U RC1 , U RC2 is determined based on the specific time and a time constant of the at least one RC element RC1, RC2.
  • the resulting total voltage U of the battery or battery cell is then integrated numerically over the interval between the initial charging state 10 and the final charging state 11 in order to obtain the amount of energy 20 .
  • This can be done, for example, using open or closed Newton-Cotes formulas. In principle, however, other numerical integration methods can also be used.
  • the energy quantity signal 21 is then generated, which encodes the value of the energy quantity 20 in a suitable form.
  • the energy amount signal 21 can be fed to a battery controller 52 or the vehicle controller 51, for example.
  • the method and the control unit enable an improved determination of amounts of energy in batteries or battery cells.
  • the method and the control unit can advantageously be used in particular at different temperatures and state of charge intervals of different sizes.
  • non-constant load profiles can also be taken into account, so that losses that occur can be better taken into account.
  • Different charging histories can also be taken into account, since the current state of charge of the battery is always taken into account.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour déterminer une quantité d'énergie (20) dans une batterie ou un élément de batterie, dans lequel : un état de charge initial (10) est reçu ; un état de charge final (11) est reçu ; un profil de charge (12) entre l'état de charge initial (10) et l'état de charge final (11) est reçu ; des états de charge intermédiaires (14) entre l'état de charge initial (10) et l'état de charge final (11) et des facteurs de pondération associés (15) sont déterminés ; des paramètres (16) d'un modèle de circuit équivalent (30) de la batterie ou de l'élément de batterie sont estimés pour chacun des états de charge intermédiaires déterminés (14) ; et, à partir du profil de charge (12), des facteurs de pondération (15) et des paramètres (16), une quantité d'énergie (20) de la batterie ou de l'élément de batterie entre l'état de charge initial (10) et l'état de charge final (11) est déterminée et est fournie comme signal de quantité d'énergie (21). L'invention concerne en outre un dispositif de commande (1) pour déterminer une quantité d'énergie (20) dans une batterie ou un élément de batterie.
EP22712575.4A 2021-05-20 2022-03-10 Procédé et dispositif de commande pour détermination d'une quantité d'énergie dans une batterie ou un élément de batterie Pending EP4341708A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021205163.4A DE102021205163A1 (de) 2021-05-20 2021-05-20 Verfahren und Steuergerät zum Bestimmen einer Energiemenge in einer Batterie oder Batteriezelle
PCT/EP2022/056242 WO2022242926A1 (fr) 2021-05-20 2022-03-10 Procédé et dispositif de commande pour détermination d'une quantité d'énergie dans une batterie ou un élément de batterie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4341708A1 true EP4341708A1 (fr) 2024-03-27

Family

ID=80937089

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22712575.4A Pending EP4341708A1 (fr) 2021-05-20 2022-03-10 Procédé et dispositif de commande pour détermination d'une quantité d'énergie dans une batterie ou un élément de batterie

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4341708A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN117355758A (fr)
DE (1) DE102021205163A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022242926A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7612532B2 (en) 2005-06-21 2009-11-03 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Method for controlling and monitoring using a state estimator having variable forgetting factors
US8108160B2 (en) 2008-09-25 2012-01-31 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Method and system for determining a state of charge of a battery
KR101394012B1 (ko) * 2012-06-20 2014-05-12 엘지이노텍 주식회사 배터리 용량 상태 추정 방법
DE102012107995A1 (de) * 2012-08-29 2014-03-06 Denso Corporation Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Leistungsfähigkeit einer Akkumulator-Einheit eines Fahrzeugs
WO2015102074A1 (fr) 2014-01-06 2015-07-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Procédé d'estimation de l'état de charge d'une batterie
CN106199434B (zh) * 2016-06-23 2019-12-10 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 电池及电池组的状态检测方法及装置
CN109839596B (zh) * 2019-03-25 2021-04-16 重庆邮电大学 基于ud分解的自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波的soc估算方法
CN110161423A (zh) * 2019-06-26 2019-08-23 重庆大学 一种基于多维度耦合模型的动力锂电池状态联合估计方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2022242926A1 (fr) 2022-11-24
DE102021205163A1 (de) 2022-11-24
CN117355758A (zh) 2024-01-05

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