EP4339505A1 - Procédé de remplissage d'un récipient avec de l'hydrogène, dispositif correspondant et station-service à hydrogène - Google Patents

Procédé de remplissage d'un récipient avec de l'hydrogène, dispositif correspondant et station-service à hydrogène Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4339505A1
EP4339505A1 EP22020439.0A EP22020439A EP4339505A1 EP 4339505 A1 EP4339505 A1 EP 4339505A1 EP 22020439 A EP22020439 A EP 22020439A EP 4339505 A1 EP4339505 A1 EP 4339505A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
expansion machine
machine
pressure
regulated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22020439.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Fahrner
Karl Jojo VIDIC
Daniel Schwab
Alexander Ackel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Priority to EP22020439.0A priority Critical patent/EP4339505A1/fr
Publication of EP4339505A1 publication Critical patent/EP4339505A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/002—Automated filling apparatus
    • F17C5/007—Automated filling apparatus for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for filling a container with hydrogen, a device for providing hydrogen for filling a container, as well as a hydrogen filling station and a use of the device.
  • Hydrogen which is used as fuel for vehicles, for example, can be made available via so-called hydrogen filling stations. Two basic system areas can be distinguished at a hydrogen filling station. The first system area concerns the compression of the hydrogen, its storage as well as its conditioning and cooling. The second system area includes a hydrogen dispenser and the associated refueling equipment such as the breakaway and refueling coupling and the refueling hose.
  • the hydrogen often has to be expanded from a higher to a lower pressure.
  • valves are typically used for this purpose, the so-called Joule-Thomson effect heats up the hydrogen.
  • the task is to improve the provision of hydrogen.
  • the invention is concerned with filling containers or tanks with hydrogen, such as at hydrogen filling stations.
  • hydrogen When the hydrogen is provided for this purpose, it usually has to be conditioned.
  • it is often necessary to decant or fill containers with hydrogen from another container or other source. This not only applies to refueling the tank of a hydrogen-powered vehicle, but also, for example, to filling transport containers on trucks, for example.
  • the pressure of the hydrogen usually has to be brought from a higher value (at which the hydrogen is stored, for example in a storage tank) to a lower value (which is approved for the vehicle tank, for example), i.e. the hydrogen has to be relaxed;
  • a volume flow may also need to be brought to a different value or adjusted.
  • One possibility here is to use a pressure control valve, by means of which the pressure of the hydrogen is reduced and set or regulated to a desired value.
  • the relaxation of hydrogen is an isenthal process.
  • the pressure reduction leads to heating of the hydrogen (heat is removed from the environment, which the hydrogen absorbs) and thus of the pressure control valve and possibly other parts of the device.
  • the containers or tanks that are filled with the hydrogen are not designed or suitable for such high hydrogen temperatures.
  • the heat can be dissipated, for example, by using heat exchangers such as plate heat exchangers or indirect heat exchangers with aluminum cold storage;
  • the hydrogen can also be cooled again.
  • heat exchangers such as plate heat exchangers or indirect heat exchangers with aluminum cold storage
  • This entails high costs.
  • the use of an expansion machine (or expansion machine) that is coupled to an electrical machine is now proposed.
  • the hydrogen obtained for example from a storage tank or other source
  • the hydrogen is passed through the expansion machine, from an inlet to an outlet of the expansion machine.
  • the hydrogen can then be filled into the container.
  • a pressure and/or a volume flow of the hydrogen on the outlet side are set or regulated to a predetermined value by setting or regulating at least one operating variable of the expansion machine and/or the electrical machine, for example a power provided as a generator by the electrical machine.
  • the power can, for example, be set or regulated to a specific value.
  • the pressure or the volume flow can in particular be set or regulated dynamically.
  • the electric machine can therefore be used as a generator and a braking torque is generated or applied by adjusting or regulating the output power.
  • the pressure difference falling across the expansion machine or the volume flow can be changed, in particular dynamically depending on the current requirement.
  • desired profiles such as refueling curves or refueling ramps can be set or regulated, as are often prescribed for refueling vehicles.
  • it is intended to conduct the hydrogen from the source to the container only via the expansion machine, i.e. not, for example, in parallel via a control valve.
  • the pressure and volume flow are set or regulated solely by the expansion machine.
  • the expansion machine does not have an isenthalmic process, but rather an isentropic or at least almost or quasi-isentropic process. Enthalpy or energy is removed from the hydrogen and the hydrogen cools despite the negative Joule-Thomson coefficient.
  • the power generated by the electrical machine can also be used in a suitable manner can be used, e.g. fed into a power grid, or can also be used to operate a compressor elsewhere.
  • a turbomachine in particular an axial turbomachine, is preferably used as an expansion machine.
  • the power provided by the electric machine as a generator can be set or regulated as an operating variable in order to set or regulate a pressure difference between a pressure of the hydrogen on the inlet side and on the outlet side, in order to thereby adjust the pressure of the hydrogen on the outlet side or to regulate.
  • Such a turbomachine i.e. a turbine
  • a turbomachine can, for example, be designed or designed in such a way that it delivers almost no pressure difference between the inlet and outlet at maximum speed.
  • the turbomachine then runs freely in the hydrogen stream. If the pressure of the hydrogen is then to be reduced, the brake generator can be switched on electrically by first requiring the power to be delivered by the electric machine. The higher the electrical power required, the higher the braking torque and the higher the pressure difference. This allows an adjustment or regulation of the pressure difference and thus - depending on the pressure on the inlet side - also the pressure on the outlet side.
  • the volume flow can also be adjusted or regulated via the turbomachine.
  • the electrical machine (or the generator) can, for example, be arranged completely (or only partially) within the turbomachine or turbine. Since there is a zone 0 there, there is no oxidation due to a lack of oxygen concentration and therefore no risk of ignition.
  • the turbine wheel and the rotor of the electric machine can, for example, form a unit and can, for example, be dynamically gas-mounted.
  • An example of a turbine that can be used here is, for example, in the EP 1 273 857 A1 described.
  • a piston engine with a controllable (or controlled) inlet and/or outlet valve is preferably used as an expansion machine.
  • the working stroke of the piston engine can be set or regulated as an operating variable in order to adjust or regulate the pressure of the hydrogen on the outlet side.
  • Either the inlet valve or the outlet valve or both can be controlled accordingly, so that the effective piston stroke (the working stroke), i.e. the proportion of the mechanical piston stroke with which the hydrogen is expanded, is changed while the piston stroke remains mechanically the same. Opening the inlet valve later, for example, leads to a smaller working stroke, which in turn leads to a lower pressure on the outlet side.
  • a power provided by the electric machine as a generator can be set or regulated as an operating variable in order to set or regulate the volume flow of hydrogen on the outlet side.
  • the braking torque of the electrical machine (or the generator) influences the speed of the electrical machine and thus the piston engine, which in turn has a direct influence on the volume flow.
  • the piston engine can be designed, for example, as a multi-cylinder system (i.e. multi-stage), then in particular with a small displacement (per cylinder).
  • an ionic expansion machine as an expansion machine is also conceivable.
  • an ionic compressor/expander can be used, which uses the expander or is operated as such.
  • a hydrogen filling station 100 according to the invention is shown schematically in a preferred embodiment, in which a method according to the invention can also be carried out.
  • the hydrogen filling station 100 has, for example, a storage tank 110, which is intended to serve as a source for hydrogen M.
  • the hydrogen filling station 100 also has, for example, a dispenser 130 on which, for example, refueling equipment for refueling a vehicle 150 can be provided.
  • a vehicle tank 152 of the vehicle 150 should be a container that is to be filled with hydrogen M.
  • the hydrogen M is typically stored in the storage tank 110 at a pressure p1 that is higher than a pressure p2 with which the vehicle tank 152 should or may be filled. A reduction in the pressure between the storage tank 110 and the vehicle tank 152 or even the dispenser 130 is therefore necessary.
  • the pressure p2 should not only be set or regulated at a specific value, but so-called refueling curves can also be specified, which require different values for the pressure p2 during the refueling process (i.e. filling the vehicle tank). , which must then be set or regulated accordingly.
  • a specific value for a volume flow of hydrogen M during filling can also be specified, which can also vary, for example, as part of a refueling curve.
  • the hydrogen filling station 100 now has a device 120 which is intended and set up to provide hydrogen for filling a container, here the vehicle tank 152.
  • the device 120 is a device according to the invention in a preferred embodiment, which in itself could also be used elsewhere than in the hydrogen filling station 110.
  • the device 120 has an expansion machine 122 and an electrical machine 124 coupled thereto, in particular a generator.
  • the expansion machine 122 is a turbomachine, in particular an axial turbomachine, i.e. a turbine.
  • the turbine and the electrical machine or its rotor can, for example, be designed as a unit.
  • the expansion machine 122 and the electrical machine can be coupled, for example, via a shaft, i.e. connected to one another in a torque-transmitting manner.
  • the electrical machine 124 also includes a power converter or inverter.
  • the turbomachine 122 has an inlet 122.1 for the hydrogen M and an outlet 122.2.
  • the hydrogen M is thus passed through the turbomachine 122, from the inlet 122.1 to the outlet 122.2.
  • the braking effect that the electrical machine exerts on the turbomachine 122 can be specifically adjusted or regulated, which in turn creates a pressure difference p2- p1, i.e. between inlet 122.1 and outlet 122.2, is set or regulated.
  • control unit 126 of the device 120 provided as an example can be used.
  • the control unit 126 can also be integrated into the inverter mentioned or vice versa.
  • the pressure p2 can be brought to desired values during filling or refueling, for example in such a way that a specific refueling curve is achieved.
  • the control unit 126 can also be connected to the dispenser 130 for data transmission, so that the pressure p2 can be regulated accordingly when the refueling process begins.
  • the power generated by the electrical machine 124 can then, for example, be fed into a power grid, stored in an electrical energy storage device or, for example, used in another way in the hydrogen filling station 100.
  • a compressor (not shown here) can also be operated at another location in the hydrogen filling station.
  • the expansion of the hydrogen M or the reduction of the pressure by the turbomachine 122 or generally the expansion machine creates cold, and in particular excess cold.
  • This excess cold can be used for cooling in other places, for example in the Hydrogen filling station 100 can be used, for example for cooling the mentioned compressor or for air conditioning in order to be able to maintain any necessary maximum ambient temperatures.
  • a hydrogen filling station 100 (or the device 120) can have a cold storage 132, in which the cold resulting from the expansion of the hydrogen M is stored or temporarily stored and also smoothed.
  • the hydrogen can be passed through the cold storage (only indicated here). This can be advantageous in that when the pressure difference is high, which typically occurs first, more cold is generated than when the pressure difference is low; Particularly towards the end of the refueling process, there is little to no cold at all.
  • FIG 2 A hydrogen filling station 200 according to the invention is shown schematically in a further preferred embodiment, in which a method according to the invention can also be carried out.
  • the hydrogen filling station 200 corresponds to the hydrogen filling station 100 by way of example Figure 1 , with the difference that instead of the device 120, a device 220 is provided, which is intended and set up to provide hydrogen for filling a container, here 220 vehicle tanks 152.
  • the device 120 is a device according to the invention in a preferred embodiment, which in itself could also be used elsewhere than in the hydrogen filling station 110.
  • the device 200 has an expansion machine 222 and an electrical machine 224 coupled thereto, in particular a generator.
  • the expansion machine 222 is a piston machine.
  • the piston engine 222 has, for example, two cylinder units, each of which has an inlet valve 222.1, 222.3 and an outlet valve 222.2, 222.4.
  • the hydrogen M is thus introduced into the left cylinder unit through the inlet valve 222.1, out through the outlet valve 222.2 and into the right cylinder unit through the inlet valve 222.3.
  • the hydrogen M leaves the right cylinder unit and thus the piston engine through the outlet valve 222.4.
  • the inlet valve 222.1 is therefore an inlet and the outlet valve 222.4 is an outlet of the (entire) piston engine 222. It goes without saying that more cylinder-piston units can also be provided.
  • the cylinder-piston units can be driven by a drive not specified here.
  • the piston machine or expansion machine 222 and the electrical machine 224 can, for example, be coupled via a shaft, i.e. connected to one another in a torque-transmitting manner. It should be mentioned that the electrical machine 224 also includes a power converter or inverter.
  • the braking effect that the electrical machine exerts on the piston engine 222 can be specifically adjusted or regulated, which in turn increases the speed and thus a volume flow of hydrogen M is set or regulated.
  • control unit 226 of the device 220 provided as an example can be used.
  • the control unit 226 can also be integrated into the inverter mentioned or vice versa.
  • the inlet valves 222.1, 222.3 and the outlet valves 222.2, 222.4 or, for example, only the inlet valves or only the outlet valves can be controlled, i.e. they can be opened and closed in a targeted manner.
  • the control unit 226 can also be used for this, for example. However, a separate control unit can also be provided. This allows the pressure p2 to be set or regulated.
  • the working stroke of the piston engine 222 can be changed and the pressure p2 can be brought to desired values during filling or during the refueling process, for example in such a way that a specific refueling curve is achieved becomes.
  • the control unit 226 can also be connected to the dispenser 130 for data transmission, so that the pressure p2 can be regulated accordingly when the refueling process begins.
  • the power generated by the electrical machine 224 can also, for example, be fed into a power grid, stored in an electrical energy storage device or, for example, used in another way in the hydrogen filling station 200.
  • a compressor (not shown here) can also be operated at another location in the hydrogen filling station.
  • a hydrogen filling station 200 (or the device 220) can have a cold storage 132, in which the cold resulting from the expansion of the hydrogen M is stored or temporarily stored and also smoothed.
  • the hydrogen can be passed through the cold storage (only indicated here). This can be advantageous in that when the pressure difference is high, which typically occurs first, more cold is generated than when the pressure difference is low; Particularly towards the end of the refueling process, there is little to no cold at all.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
EP22020439.0A 2022-09-13 2022-09-13 Procédé de remplissage d'un récipient avec de l'hydrogène, dispositif correspondant et station-service à hydrogène Pending EP4339505A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22020439.0A EP4339505A1 (fr) 2022-09-13 2022-09-13 Procédé de remplissage d'un récipient avec de l'hydrogène, dispositif correspondant et station-service à hydrogène

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22020439.0A EP4339505A1 (fr) 2022-09-13 2022-09-13 Procédé de remplissage d'un récipient avec de l'hydrogène, dispositif correspondant et station-service à hydrogène

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4339505A1 true EP4339505A1 (fr) 2024-03-20

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EP22020439.0A Pending EP4339505A1 (fr) 2022-09-13 2022-09-13 Procédé de remplissage d'un récipient avec de l'hydrogène, dispositif correspondant et station-service à hydrogène

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1273857A1 (fr) 2001-07-06 2003-01-08 Atlas Copco Energas Gmbh Turbine de détente pour des utilisations cryogéniques
EP1722152A2 (fr) * 2005-05-09 2006-11-15 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Système de refroidissement actionné par pression pour augmenter la vitesse de remplissage et la capacité des réservoirs de stockage de gaz sous haute pression à bord d' un véhicule
US20150068641A1 (en) * 2012-03-27 2015-03-12 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Tank filling device and method
GB2593538A (en) * 2020-03-27 2021-09-29 Nanosun Ip Ltd Apparatus and method for transfering and cooling a compressed fuel gas

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1273857A1 (fr) 2001-07-06 2003-01-08 Atlas Copco Energas Gmbh Turbine de détente pour des utilisations cryogéniques
EP1722152A2 (fr) * 2005-05-09 2006-11-15 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Système de refroidissement actionné par pression pour augmenter la vitesse de remplissage et la capacité des réservoirs de stockage de gaz sous haute pression à bord d' un véhicule
US20150068641A1 (en) * 2012-03-27 2015-03-12 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Tank filling device and method
GB2593538A (en) * 2020-03-27 2021-09-29 Nanosun Ip Ltd Apparatus and method for transfering and cooling a compressed fuel gas

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