EP4339067A1 - A soft or crossover component with releasable connection and a method and arrangement for monitoring the releasable connection - Google Patents
A soft or crossover component with releasable connection and a method and arrangement for monitoring the releasable connection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4339067A1 EP4339067A1 EP22196252.5A EP22196252A EP4339067A1 EP 4339067 A1 EP4339067 A1 EP 4339067A1 EP 22196252 A EP22196252 A EP 22196252A EP 4339067 A1 EP4339067 A1 EP 4339067A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- component
- sensor
- frog
- connection
- replaceable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
- B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
- B61L23/042—Track changes detection
- B61L23/045—Rail wear
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
- B61L23/04—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for monitoring the mechanical state of the route
- B61L23/042—Track changes detection
- B61L23/047—Track or rail movements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
- B61L27/50—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades
- B61L27/53—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades for trackside elements or systems, e.g. trackside supervision of trackside control system conditions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B7/00—Switches; Crossings
- E01B7/10—Frogs
- E01B7/12—Fixed frogs made of one part or composite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a switch or crossing component with a detachable connection according to the preamble of claim 1, a method for monitoring the detachable connection according to the preamble of claim 11 and an arrangement for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 16.
- a procedure and an arrangement of the type mentioned at the beginning is from the FR 2 745 543 A1 known.
- the document describes a remote monitoring system for a railway network for monitoring operating parameters of at least one switch system of the railway network.
- each switch system includes a set of sensors, each of which is adapted to measure a property value that is representative of a property.
- the sensors are each connected to a data acquisition unit in which an algorithm for managing the acquired measurement data is stored.
- means are provided to compare the measurement data with at least one threshold value that is representative of the limit value for a corresponding operating parameter.
- the known arrangement includes e.g. B. a replaceable component in the form of a wheel handlebar, which is connected via a detachable connection to a base component in the form of a track.
- a sensor is provided to monitor the clamping of the wheel control arm on the track caused by the releasable connection.
- This sensor is arranged in the wheel handlebar, which means that when the wheel handlebar is changed, the sensor also has to be replaced or dismantled. This involves increased effort.
- the method also provides that the quality of the clamping of the wheel handlebar is monitored using measurement signals which are supplied by an acceleration sensor which detects the shocks generated by a wheel on the wheel handlebar.
- the DE 200 16 674 U1 relates to an arrangement for measuring the approach to a heart tip of a switch.
- the arrangement is characterized by a structure-borne sound sensor that is inserted into the heart of the switch or a component connected to this heart. If the switch is approached sharply and the flange of a wheel hits the tip of the heart due to a misalignment or wear on one of the wheel control arms, a violent shock occurs, with the structure-borne sound impulse generated thereby passing through the base plate of the frog to the one that is firmly screwed to it Wing rail is transmitted and thus registered by the structure-borne noise sensor.
- the sensor is arranged on the side of a wing rail and would be inaccessible if the track is typically covered in tram areas.
- the DE 10 2004 014 282 B4 relates to a method for diagnosis and condition monitoring in the overflow area of a switch and/or an intersection and/or a crossing switch of a rail transport route.
- a measurement of the acceleration of the crossing point or the crossing point is carried out at at least one location of the crossing point or the crossing point in at least one spatial direction , which are generated by the train passing over the frog or crossing point.
- a detachable connection is not monitored.
- the present invention is based on the object of developing a switch or crossing component, a method or an arrangement of the type mentioned in such a way that the monitoring of a detachable connection such as fastening or clamping of replaceable components using sensors is simplified and improved.
- a loosening screw connection/clamp should be reliably signaled/detected.
- the replacement of a defective replaceable component should be possible without major effort.
- a switch or crossing component such as a centerpiece or tongue rail device, with the features of claim 1.
- a switch or crossing component comprises a base component, such as a frog block or tongue rail adapter, a replaceable component, such as a frog insert or tongue rail, at least one releasable connection, such as a screw connection or clamping, by means of which the replaceable component, in particular through force transmission and / or positive connection, with the Basic component can be connected, in particular non-positively and/or positively, as well as at least one sensor for monitoring the quality, in particular the power transmission and/or the positive connection, of the detachable connection, in particular in the sensor when a rail vehicle passes over the switch or crossing component the replaceable component generates a signal that is representative of the quality of the detachable connection.
- a base component such as a frog block or tongue rail adapter
- a replaceable component such as a frog insert or tongue rail
- at least one releasable connection such as a screw connection or clamping
- the senor is arranged in the base component and is firmly connected to it .
- both the sensor and the supply line remain unaffected by a change of the component because the sensor is not in contact with the replaceable component.
- the senor is preferably designed as an acceleration sensor or structure-borne sound sensor.
- the senor is arranged in the base component for transmitting accelerations and mechanical vibrations in such a way that when a rail vehicle passes over, in particular via an insufficiently fastened replaceable component, it transfers at least one of the insufficiently fastened replaceable component to the at least one releasable connection and/or the base component Impact exerted is recorded as acceleration and/or mechanical vibration.
- a preferred embodiment is characterized in that the switch or crossing component is a centerpiece, the base component being a centerpiece block and the replaceable component being a centerpiece insert, which is connected to the centerpiece block by means of the detachable connection, preferably in the form of a screwable clamping connection.
- the frog insert is arranged in a recess in the frog block that is accessible non-destructively when the frog is covered, the sensor being arranged in the recess, preferably in the vertical direction below the replaceable frog insert and preferably covered by it without contact with the sensor.
- the sensor is arranged in a gutter formed in a bottom of the recess, the gutter forming at least a section of a water drain and opening into a drain.
- the senor has a supply line which runs through the drain formed in a bottom of the recess, preferably designed as a vertical bore, and/or through a channel formed transversely to the direction of travel in the centerpiece block from the centerpiece block, preferably into a cable duct connected to the centerpiece , is brought out.
- the sensor with supply line is waterproof.
- a further preferred embodiment is characterized in that the switch or crossing component is a tongue device, the base component being a tongue adapter and the replaceable component being a tongue rail, which is connected by means of the releasable connection in the form of a screwable clamp connection is connected to the tongue adapter.
- the releasable connection preferably has at least one clamping wedge, the clamping wedge being penetrated by a clamping screw which can be screwed into a thread formed in the base component, preferably a blind hole thread.
- a clamping disk and a first sealing ring are preferably arranged between a head of the clamping screw and an upper side of the clamping wedge. Furthermore, a second sealing ring can preferably be arranged between an underside of the clamping wedge and the base component.
- the invention relates to a method for monitoring a detachable connection of a switch or crossing component, such as a frog or tongue rail device, wherein by means of the detachable connection a replaceable component, such as a frog insert or tongue rail, is fastened to a base component, such as a frog block or tongue rail adapter, and wherein by means of a sensor, a signal for checking the quality, in particular the power transmission and / or the positive connection, of the detachable connection is detected, which is generated when a rail vehicle passes over the switch or crossing component, in particular the replaceable component, and is representative of the quality of the detachable connection.
- a switch or crossing component such as a frog or tongue rail device
- the signal is generated by at least one shock exerted by the replaceable component on the detachable connection and/or on the base component and is detected therein by means of the sensor arranged in the base component.
- the signals are evaluated that are generated when the rail vehicle passes over by a relative movement or a displacement of the replaceable component, and/or by a replaceable component that is displaced from the optimal position in relation to the detachable connection and/or the base component.
- an acceleration sensor or a structure-borne noise sensor is preferably used as a sensor, wherein the sensor detects at least one characteristic acceleration or a characteristic structure-borne noise exerted by an insufficiently fastened replaceable component on the at least one detachable connection and / or base component when the rail vehicle passes over the replaceable component.
- a further development provides that the signal generated by the passage of the rail vehicle is compared as an actual value signal with a reference signal or a limit value in order to recognize a signal having the characteristic acceleration or the characteristic structure-borne noise. If the actual value signal deviates from the reference signal or the limit value, a message is generated about an inadequate quality of the force transmission and/or the positive connection of the detachable connection.
- interference signals e.g. B. generated by a flat spot on a wheel of a rail vehicle
- at least two measurements are carried out when the rail vehicle passes or two successive rail vehicles and that the message is only triggered when at least two events are detected per crossing or consecutive crossings where the event is the detection of a characteristic signal.
- the invention relates to an arrangement for monitoring a detachable connection of a switch or crossing component, such as a frog or tongue rail device, wherein by means of the detachable connection a replaceable component, such as a frog insert or tongue rail, is connected to a base component, such as a frog block or tongue rail adapter, and wherein the arrangement has a sensor connected to an evaluation unit for monitoring the quality, in particular a force transmission and / or a positive connection, of the detachable connection, by means of which a signal is detected that is generated when a rail vehicle passes over the replaceable component and is representative of the quality of the detachable connection.
- the senor is connected exclusively to the base component and is designed such that it detects the signal generated by at least one shock exerted on the base component by the detachable connection and/or the replaceable component.
- the at least one sensor is connected to the evaluation unit via a supply line.
- the evaluation unit preferably has a computing unit with a comparator for comparing the detected sensor signal with a reference signal or a limit value.
- the core of the invention can also be considered a releasable connection, such as a clamp or screw connection, for a replaceable component, such as a removable frog or tongue rail, of a tram switch, comprising a base element in the form of a frog block or a tongue rail adapter, the releasable clamp having at least one clamping wedge comprises, which is connected to a clamping screw in the base element, such as a frog block or tongue rail adapter, has a sensor, preferably an acceleration sensor, which is designed to detect an insufficiently clamped replaceable component, such as an interchangeable frog or tongue rail, when a rail vehicle passes over To absorb the acceleration exerted by clamping or screwing.
- a sensor preferably an acceleration sensor, which is designed to detect an insufficiently clamped replaceable component, such as an interchangeable frog or tongue rail, when a rail vehicle passes over To absorb the acceleration exerted by clamping or screwing.
- the Fig. 1 shows a top view of a first embodiment of a switch or crossing component in the form of a centerpiece 10, in particular a grooved rail centerpiece, comprising a base component in the form of a centerpiece block 12 with intersecting grooves 14, 16.
- a replaceable component in the form of a frog insert 20 is arranged in a frog center point 18, which interacts interchangeably with the frog block 12 in an embedded, screwed manner.
- Fig. 2a shows a sectional view of the core 10 along a section line AC-AC according to Fig. 1 .
- the frog insert 20, hereinafter also referred to as the interchangeable frog is embedded in a recess 22 which is formed in an upper side 24 of the frog block 12. It is provided that a top side 26 of the interchangeable frog 20 and the top 24 of the frog block 12 lie in one plane.
- the interchangeable frog 20 is attached to the frog block 12 via at least one releasable connection, preferably in the form of clamping or tensioning devices 28, 30, 32, 34.
- the clamping or clamping devices 28, 30, 32, 34 each include clamping wedges 34, 36, 38, 40, which are fitted with clamping screws 42, 44, 46, 48 in corresponding blind hole receptacles or blind hole threads 50, 52, 54, 56 in the centerpiece block 12 are fixed.
- An overflow area in the centerpiece 12 is exposed to particularly high loads due to the design.
- the overflow area is designed to be replaceable in the form of the interchangeable centerpiece 20.
- the interchangeable frog 20 also enables the overflow area of the frog 10 to be replaced without damaging a ceiling connection. This can minimize costs and ensure largely trouble-free rail traffic. Lying times can also be extended and maintenance times shortened.
- the clamping can become loose due to a changing load acting on the releasable connection when the frog insert is driven over. Therefore, the detachable connection 28, 30, 32, 34 must be checked regularly.
- the detachable connection 28, 30, 32, 34 for fixing the interchangeable frog 20 on the frog block 12 is monitored by means of a sensor system 58.
- the sensor system 58 detects a signal that is generated when a rail vehicle passes over the replaceable component in the form of the replaceable frog 20 and is representative of the quality of the power transmission of the detachable connection 28, 30, 32, 34. If the quality of the power transmission falls below a limit value, a loosening connection or a loosening of the releasable connection 28, 30, 32, 34 is signaled and displayed to an operator of the track system.
- Fig. 2b shows an example of a section through the clamping device 34 with the clamping wedge 40, the clamping wedge 40 being penetrated by the clamping screw 48, which is screwed into the threaded hole 56 formed in the base component 12, such as a blind hole.
- a clamping disk 41 and a first sealing ring 43 are arranged between a head 48.1 of the clamping screw 48 and a top side 40.1 of the clamping wedge 40.
- the clamping disk prevents the clamping screw from loosening undesirably during operation by providing an elastic pre-tension.
- a second sealing ring 45 is preferably arranged between an underside 40.2 of the clamping wedge and the base component. The seal is intended to ensure that the screw connection, ie the clamping screw in the blind hole, is protected from corrosion so that the basic component can be reused as often as possible when the replaceable component is replaced.
- Fig. 3 shows a top view of the centerpiece 10 according to. Fig. 1 , whereby the interchangeable frog 20 is not inserted.
- the sensor system 58 comprises an acceleration sensor, which is arranged in the base component in the form of the frog block 12 and designed in such a way that when a rail vehicle passes over it, at least one of the replaceable frog 20, which may be inadequately fastened, is applied to the detachable connection 28, 30, 32 , 34 and/or the base component, ie the acceleration exerted on the core block 12.
- the sensor 58 is firmly connected to the frog block 12 in a base 60 of the recess 22 in such a way that the sensor generates the force exerted on the frog block 12 by at least one of the detachable connection 28, 30, 32, 34 and/or the interchangeable frog 20 Signal detected.
- the sensor 58 is not in direct contact with the replaceable component in the form of the replaceable frog 20.
- the acceleration sensor 48 is arranged in a groove 64 in the bottom 60 of the recess 22 which extends along the longitudinal axis 62.
- a connecting line 66 of the sensor 58 can be carried out on the bottom side through a bore 68 which is formed in the vertical direction along a vertical axis 70.
- the connecting line 66 can be carried out laterally from the core block 12 via a channel 72 along a transverse axis 74.
- This arrangement ensures that the sensor 58 and the connecting line 66 are connected exclusively to the frog block 12 and are spaced apart from the replaceable component in the form of the interchangeable frog 20.
- the arrangement of the sensor 58 below the interchangeable frog 20 ensures effective force transmission from the interchangeable frog 20 or the detachable connection into the sensor 58.
- the sensor 58 in the covered track can be accessed non-destructively.
- the recess 22 with bore 68 is simultaneously designed as a water drain from the centerpiece block 12.
- Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of the center piece 10 with the interchangeable center piece 20 inserted. To protect the detachable connection 28, 30, 32, 34, this is provided with a Cover 76, 78 covered. The cover 76, 78 lies in a plane spanned by the top 24 of the frog block 12 and the top 26 of the interchangeable frog 20.
- Fig. 5 shows an arrangement 80 for monitoring the releasable connections 28, 30, 32, 34 of the centerpiece 10, the replaceable component in the form of the interchangeable centerpiece 20 being connected to the base component in the form of the centerpiece block 12 by means of the releasable connection 28, 30, 32, 34 .
- the sensor 58 which is permanently integrated in or connected to the core block 12, is connected to an evaluation unit 82 via the connecting line 66.
- the sensor 58 which is designed as an acceleration sensor, can detect accelerations in at least one direction, preferably accelerations in three directions, i.e. in the direction of the longitudinal axis 62, the transverse axis 74 and the vertical axis 70.
- the invention is based on the idea that a loose, i.e. insufficiently clamped, replaceable component impacts the base component, i.e. the centerpiece block 12 and/or the detachable connection 28, 30, 32, 34, when the rail vehicle passes over it, thereby generating characteristic accelerations or caused, which are measured by the sensor 58 and then evaluated by the evaluation unit 82, in particular compared with a limit value.
- a signaling signal is generated which indicates an insufficiently clamped or loosened connection 28, 30, 32, 34.
- Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of a switch component in the form of a tongue rail device 200.
- the tongue rail device 200 comprises a base component in the form of a tongue rail adapter 202 to which a replaceable component in the form of a tongue rail 206 is attached, as if clamped, by means of a detachable connection 204.
- the tongue rail adapter 202 is attached to the base 208 of a grooved rail 210 which is aligned with the tongue rail 206 along the longitudinal axis 212.
- Fig. 7a shows a side view of the tongue rail device 200.
- the tongue rail 206 is subjected to force by means of the releasable connection 204 against a stop 214 of the tongue rail adapter 202.
- the detachable connection 204 includes: illustrated embodiment three clamping elements 216, 218, 220, each consisting of a clamping wedge 222, 224, 226, which can be clamped by means of a screw 228, 230, 232 against a stop 234 of the tongue rail adapter 202 and a side surface 236 of the tongue rail.
- the screws 228,230,232 are each accommodated in blind hole threads 238, 240, 242.
- a sensor 244 for monitoring a force transmission or clamping force applied by the releasable connection is integrated in the tongue rail adapter 202.
- the invention is based on the idea that a tongue rail 206 that is loose due to an insufficiently tensioned connection 204 hits the tongue rail adapter 202 and/or the releasable connection 204 as the rail vehicle passes over, causing characteristic accelerations that are measured by the sensor and by a Evaluation unit can be compared with a limit value.
- the sensor 244 is designed as an acceleration sensor and measures accelerations in terms of direction and magnitude in a coordinate system spanned by axes 212, 246, 248.
- Fig. 7b shows in detail a section through the clamping element 216 with the clamping wedge 222, the clamping wedge 222 being penetrated by the clamping screw 228, which is screwed into the threaded hole 238 formed in the base component 202, such as a blind hole.
- a clamping disk 223 and a first sealing ring 225 are arranged between a head 228.1 of the clamping screw 228 and a top side 222.2 of the clamping wedge 222.
- the clamping disk prevents the clamping screw from loosening undesirably during operation by providing an elastic pre-tension.
- a second sealing ring 227 is preferably arranged between an underside 228.2 of the clamping wedge and the base component 202. The seal is intended to ensure that the screw connection, ie the clamping screw in the blind hole, is protected from corrosion so that the basic component can be reused as often as possible when the replaceable component is replaced.
- the senor 244 is arranged along an axis 250 (see Fig. Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 ), which runs parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis 212 or the releasable connection 204.
- the sensor 244 can also be arranged below the tongue rail 206 in the tongue rail adapter or below the releasable connection 204.
- the signal detected by the sensor 244 is, as referred to Fig. 5 already described, supplied to an evaluation device.
- the evaluation device comprises a computing unit and a comparator, whereby the signal detected by the sensor is compared as an actual value signal with a reference signal, whereby if a limit value is exceeded, a message is generated which indicates a loosening of the connection 204 or at least one of the clamping devices 216, 218, 202.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Weichen- oder Kreuzungskomponente (10), umfassend eine Basiskomponente (12), eine auswechselbare Komponente (20), zumindest eine lösbare Verbindung mittels der die auswechselbare Komponente (20) mit der Basiskomponente (10) verbindbar ist sowie zumindest einen Sensor (58) zur Überwachung der Qualität der lösbaren Verbindung, wobei in dem Sensor (58) beim Überfahren eines Schienenfahrzeugs über die Weichen- oder Kreuzungskomponente ein Signal erzeugt wird, das repräsentativ für die Qualität der lösbaren Verbindung ist. Zur sicheren Erkennung einer sich lösenden Verbindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Sensor in der Basiskomponente angeordnet und fest mit dieser verbunden ist. The invention relates to a switch or crossing component (10), comprising a base component (12), a replaceable component (20), at least one detachable connection by means of which the replaceable component (20) can be connected to the base component (10), and at least a sensor (58) for monitoring the quality of the releasable connection, a signal which is representative of the quality of the releasable connection being generated in the sensor (58) when a rail vehicle passes over the switch or crossing component. In order to reliably detect a loosening connection, it is provided that the sensor is arranged in the base component and is firmly connected to it.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Weichen- oder Kreuzungskomponente mit lösbarer Verbindung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, ein Verfahren zur Überwachung der lösbaren Verbindung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 11 sowie auf eine Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 16.The present invention relates to a switch or crossing component with a detachable connection according to the preamble of claim 1, a method for monitoring the detachable connection according to the preamble of claim 11 and an arrangement for carrying out the method according to the preamble of
Ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung der eingangs genannten Art ist aus der
Dabei ist vorgesehen, dass jede Weichenanlage einen Satz von Sensoren umfasst, die jeweils angepasst sind, um einen Eigenschaftswert zu messen, der repräsentativ für eine Eigenschaft ist. Die Sensoren sind jeweils mit einer Datenerfassungseinheit verbunden, in der ein Algorithmus zum Verwalten der erfassten Messdaten gespeichert ist.It is envisaged that each switch system includes a set of sensors, each of which is adapted to measure a property value that is representative of a property. The sensors are each connected to a data acquisition unit in which an algorithm for managing the acquired measurement data is stored.
Ferner sind Mittel vorgesehen, um die Messdaten mit mindestens einem Schwellenwert zu vergleichen, der repräsentativ für den Grenzwert für einen entsprechenden Betriebsparameter ist.Furthermore, means are provided to compare the measurement data with at least one threshold value that is representative of the limit value for a corresponding operating parameter.
Die bekannte Anordnung umfasst z. B. eine auswechselbare Komponente in Form eines Radlenkers, der über eine lösbare Verbindung mit einer Basiskomponente in Form eines Gleises verbunden ist. Zur Überwachung einer durch die lösbare Verbindung aufgebrachten Klemmung des Radlenkers an dem Gleis ist ein Sensor vorgesehen. Dieser Sensor ist in dem Radlenker angeordnet, was zur Folge hat, das bei einem Wechsel des Radlenkers auch der Sensor ausgetauscht bzw. demontiert werden muss. Dies ist mit erhöhtem Aufwand verbunden.The known arrangement includes e.g. B. a replaceable component in the form of a wheel handlebar, which is connected via a detachable connection to a base component in the form of a track. A sensor is provided to monitor the clamping of the wheel control arm on the track caused by the releasable connection. This sensor is arranged in the wheel handlebar, which means that when the wheel handlebar is changed, the sensor also has to be replaced or dismantled. This involves increased effort.
Bei dem Verfahren ist zudem vorgesehen, dass die Qualität der Klemmung des Radlenkers unter Verwendung von Messsignalen überwacht wird, die von einem Beschleunigungssensor geliefert werden, der die von einem Rad an dem Radlenker erzeugten Stöße erfasst.The method also provides that the quality of the clamping of the wheel handlebar is monitored using measurement signals which are supplied by an acceleration sensor which detects the shocks generated by a wheel on the wheel handlebar.
Die
Die
Davon ausgehend liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine Weichen- oder Kreuzungskomponente, ein Verfahren oder eine Anordnung der eingangs genannten Art derart weiterzubilden, dass die Überwachung einer lösbaren Verbindung wie Befestigung oder Klemmung von auswechselbaren Komponenten mittels Sensorik vereinfacht und verbessert wird. Eine sich lösende Verschraubung/Klemmung soll sicher signalisiert/erkannt werden. Insbesondere soll der Austausch einer defekten auswechselbaren Komponente ohne größeren Aufwand möglich sein.Proceeding from this, the present invention is based on the object of developing a switch or crossing component, a method or an arrangement of the type mentioned in such a way that the monitoring of a detachable connection such as fastening or clamping of replaceable components using sensors is simplified and improved. A loosening screw connection/clamp should be reliably signaled/detected. In particular, the replacement of a defective replaceable component should be possible without major effort.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Weichen- oder Kreuzungskomponente, wie Herzstück oder Zungenschienenvorrichtung, mit den Merkmalen des Anspruch 1 gelöst.The object is achieved according to the invention by a switch or crossing component, such as a centerpiece or tongue rail device, with the features of claim 1.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Weichen- oder Kreuzungskomponente umfasst eine Basiskomponente, wie Herzstückblock oder Zungenschienenadapter, eine auswechselbare Komponente, wie Herzstückeinsatz oder Zungenschiene, zumindest eine lösbare Verbindung, wie Verschraubung oder Klemmung, mittels der die auswechselbare Komponente, durch insbesondere Kraftübertragung und/oder Formschluss, mit der Basiskomponente, insbesondere kraftschlüssig und/oder formschlüssig, verbindbar ist, sowie zumindest einen Sensor zur Überwachung der Qualität, insbesondere der Kraftübertragung und/oder des Formschlusses, der lösbaren Verbindung, wobei in dem Sensor beim Überfahren eines Schienenfahrzeugs über die Weichen- oder Kreuzungskomponente, insbesondere die auswechselbare Komponente ein Signal erzeugt wird, das repräsentativ für die Qualität der lösbaren Verbindung ist.A switch or crossing component according to the invention comprises a base component, such as a frog block or tongue rail adapter, a replaceable component, such as a frog insert or tongue rail, at least one releasable connection, such as a screw connection or clamping, by means of which the replaceable component, in particular through force transmission and / or positive connection, with the Basic component can be connected, in particular non-positively and/or positively, as well as at least one sensor for monitoring the quality, in particular the power transmission and/or the positive connection, of the detachable connection, in particular in the sensor when a rail vehicle passes over the switch or crossing component the replaceable component generates a signal that is representative of the quality of the detachable connection.
Damit ein Tausch eines defekten Sensors bzw. einer auszuwechselnden Komponente auf einfache Weise ermöglicht wird, d.h. ohne Zerstörung einer Gleiseindeckung bzw. ohne Demontage des intakten Sensors von der auszuwechselnden Komponente, ist vorgesehen, dass der Sensor in der Basiskomponente angeordnet und fest mit dieser verbunden ist.So that a defective sensor or a component to be replaced can be replaced in a simple manner, i.e. without destroying a track covering or without dismantling the intact sensor from the component to be replaced, it is provided that the sensor is arranged in the base component and is firmly connected to it .
Beim Austausch einer auswechselbaren Komponente bleibt sowohl der Sensor als auch die Zuleitung von einem Wechsel der Komponente unberührt, da der Sensor mit der auswechselbaren Komponente nicht in Kontakt steht.When replacing a replaceable component, both the sensor and the supply line remain unaffected by a change of the component because the sensor is not in contact with the replaceable component.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung ist vorgesehen, dass der Sensor vorzugsweise als Beschleunigungssensor oder Körperschallsensor ausgebildet.According to an advantageous development, it is provided that the sensor is preferably designed as an acceleration sensor or structure-borne sound sensor.
Vorzugsweise ist der Sensor derart in der Basiskomponente zur Übertragung von Beschleunigungen und mechanischen Schwingungen angeordnet ist, dass dieser bei Überfahrt eines Schienenfahrzeugs insbesondere über eine unzureichend befestigte auswechselbare Komponente zumindest eine von der unzureichend befestigten auswechselbaren Komponente auf die zumindest eine lösbare Verbindung und/oder die Basiskomponente ausgeübten Stoß als Beschleunigung und/oder mechanische Schwingung erfasst.Preferably, the sensor is arranged in the base component for transmitting accelerations and mechanical vibrations in such a way that when a rail vehicle passes over, in particular via an insufficiently fastened replaceable component, it transfers at least one of the insufficiently fastened replaceable component to the at least one releasable connection and/or the base component Impact exerted is recorded as acceleration and/or mechanical vibration.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Weichen- oder Kreuzungskomponente ein Herzstück ist, wobei die Basiskomponente ein Herzstückblock und die auswechselbare Komponente ein Herzstückeinsatz ist, welcher mittels der lösbaren Verbindung vorzugsweise in Form einer verschraubbaren Klemmverbindung mit dem Herzstückblock verbunden ist.A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the switch or crossing component is a centerpiece, the base component being a centerpiece block and the replaceable component being a centerpiece insert, which is connected to the centerpiece block by means of the detachable connection, preferably in the form of a screwable clamping connection.
Besonders bevorzugt ist der Herzstückeinsatz in einer im eingedeckten Zustand des Herzstücks zerstörungsfrei zugänglichen Aussparung des Herzstückblocks angeordnet, wobei der Sensor in der Aussparung, vorzugsweise in vertikaler Richtung unterhalb des auswechselbaren Herzstückeinsatzes angeordnet und vorzugsweise durch diese ohne Kontakt zu dem Sensor abgedeckt ist.Particularly preferably, the frog insert is arranged in a recess in the frog block that is accessible non-destructively when the frog is covered, the sensor being arranged in the recess, preferably in the vertical direction below the replaceable frog insert and preferably covered by it without contact with the sensor.
Der Sensor ist in einer in einem Boden der Aussparung ausgebildeten Rinneangeordnet, wobei die Rinne zumindest einen Abschnitt eines Wasserablaufs bildet und in einen Ablauf mündet.The sensor is arranged in a gutter formed in a bottom of the recess, the gutter forming at least a section of a water drain and opening into a drain.
Ferner weist der Sensor eine Zuleitung auf, die durch den in einem Boden der Aussparung ausgebildeten, vorzugsweise als vertikale Bohrung ausgeführten, Ablauf und/oder durch einen quer zur Fahrtrichtung in dem Herzstückblock ausgebildeten Kanal aus dem Herzstückblock, vorzugsweise in einen mit dem Herzstück verbundenen Kabelschacht, herausgeführt ist. Der Sensor mit Zuleitung ist wasserdicht ausgebildet.Furthermore, the sensor has a supply line which runs through the drain formed in a bottom of the recess, preferably designed as a vertical bore, and/or through a channel formed transversely to the direction of travel in the centerpiece block from the centerpiece block, preferably into a cable duct connected to the centerpiece , is brought out. The sensor with supply line is waterproof.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Weichen- oder Kreuzungskomponente eine Zungenvorrichtung ist, wobei die Basiskomponente ein Zungenadapter und die auswechselbare Komponente eine Zungenschiene ist, die mittels der lösbaren Verbindung in Form eine verschraubbaren Klemmverbindung mit dem Zungenadapter verbunden ist.A further preferred embodiment is characterized in that the switch or crossing component is a tongue device, the base component being a tongue adapter and the replaceable component being a tongue rail, which is connected by means of the releasable connection in the form of a screwable clamp connection is connected to the tongue adapter.
Die lösbare Verbindung weist bevorzugt zumindest einen Spannkeil auf, wobei der Spannkeil von einer Spannschraube durchsetzt ist, die in ein in der Basiskomponente ausgebildetes Gewinde, vorzugsweise Sacklochgewinde, verschraubbar ist.The releasable connection preferably has at least one clamping wedge, the clamping wedge being penetrated by a clamping screw which can be screwed into a thread formed in the base component, preferably a blind hole thread.
Vorzugsweise ist zwischen einem Kopf der Spannschraube und einer Oberseite des Spannkeils eine Spannscheibe und ein erster Dichtring angeordnet. Ferner kann zwischen einer Unterseite des Spannkeils und der Basiskomponente bevorzugt ein zweiter Dichtring angeordnet sein.A clamping disk and a first sealing ring are preferably arranged between a head of the clamping screw and an upper side of the clamping wedge. Furthermore, a second sealing ring can preferably be arranged between an underside of the clamping wedge and the base component.
Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Überwachen einer lösbaren Verbindung einer Weichen- oder Kreuzungskomponente, wie Herzstück oder Zungenschienenvorrichtung, wobei mittels der lösbaren Verbindung eine auswechselbare Komponente, wie Herzstückeinsatz oder Zungenschiene, auf einer Basiskomponente, wie Herzstückblock oder Zungenschienenadapter, befestigt wird und wobei mittels eines Sensors ein Signal zur Überprüfung der Qualität, insbesondere der Kraftübertragung und/oder des Formschlusses, der lösbaren Verbindung erfasst wird, das beim Überfahren eines Schienenfahrzeugs über die Weichen- oder Kreuzungskomponente, insbesondere die auswechselbare Komponente, erzeugt wird und repräsentativ für die Qualität der lösbaren Verbindung ist.Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for monitoring a detachable connection of a switch or crossing component, such as a frog or tongue rail device, wherein by means of the detachable connection a replaceable component, such as a frog insert or tongue rail, is fastened to a base component, such as a frog block or tongue rail adapter, and wherein by means of a sensor, a signal for checking the quality, in particular the power transmission and / or the positive connection, of the detachable connection is detected, which is generated when a rail vehicle passes over the switch or crossing component, in particular the replaceable component, and is representative of the quality of the detachable connection.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das Signal beim Überfahren des Schienenfahrzeugs über die auswechselbare Komponente durch zumindest einen von der auswechselbaren Komponente auf die lösbare Verbindung und/oder auf die Basiskomponente ausgeübten Stoß erzeugt und mittels des in der Basiskomponente angeordneten Sensors in dieser erfasst wird.According to the invention, it is provided that when the rail vehicle passes over the replaceable component, the signal is generated by at least one shock exerted by the replaceable component on the detachable connection and/or on the base component and is detected therein by means of the sensor arranged in the base component.
Bei einem bevorzugten Verfahren werden die Signale ausgewertet, die bei Überfahrt des Schienenfahrzeugs durch eine Relativbewegung oder eine Verschiebung der wechselbaren Komponente, und/oder durch eine aus der optimalen Lage verschobene auswechselbare Komponente in Bezug auf die lösbare Verbindung und/oder die Basiskomponente erzeugt werden.In a preferred method, the signals are evaluated that are generated when the rail vehicle passes over by a relative movement or a displacement of the replaceable component, and/or by a replaceable component that is displaced from the optimal position in relation to the detachable connection and/or the base component.
Versuche haben gezeigt, dass durch eine Relativbewegung oder Verschiebung zwischen den Komponenten aufgrund einer unzureichend geklemmten Verbindung charakteristische Beschleunigungen und/oder ein charakteristischer Körperschall verursacht werden. Daher wird als Sensor vorzugsweise ein Beschleunigungssensor oder ein Körperschallsensor verwendet, wobei der Sensor bei Überfahrt des Schienenfahrzeugs über die auswechselbare Komponente zumindest eine von einer unzureichend befestigten auswechselbaren Komponente auf die zumindest eine lösbare Verbindung und/oder Basiskomponente ausgeübte charakteristische Beschleunigung oder einen charakteristischen Körperschall erfasst.Tests have shown that relative movement or displacement between the components due to an insufficiently clamped connection causes characteristic accelerations and/or characteristic structure-borne noise. Therefore, an acceleration sensor or a structure-borne noise sensor is preferably used as a sensor, wherein the sensor detects at least one characteristic acceleration or a characteristic structure-borne noise exerted by an insufficiently fastened replaceable component on the at least one detachable connection and / or base component when the rail vehicle passes over the replaceable component.
Eine Weiterbildung sieht vor, dass das durch die Überfahrt des Schienenfahrzeugs erzeugte Signal als Istwertsignal mit einem Referenzsignal oder einem Grenzwert verglichen wird, um ein die charakteristische Beschleunigung oder die charakteristischen Körperschall aufweisendes Signal zu erkennen. Bei einer Abweichung des Istwertsignals von dem Referenzsignal oder dem Grenzwert wird eine Meldung über eine unzureichende Qualität der Kraftübertragung und/oder des Formenschlusses der lösbaren Verbindung erzeugt.A further development provides that the signal generated by the passage of the rail vehicle is compared as an actual value signal with a reference signal or a limit value in order to recognize a signal having the characteristic acceleration or the characteristic structure-borne noise. If the actual value signal deviates from the reference signal or the limit value, a message is generated about an inadequate quality of the force transmission and/or the positive connection of the detachable connection.
Um Störsignale auszuschließen, die z. B. durch eine Flachstelle an einem Rad eines Schienenfahrzeugs erzeugt werden, ist vorgesehen, bei einer Überfahrt des Schienenfahrzeugs oder bei zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Schienenfahrzeugen zumindest zwei Messungen durchgeführt werden und dass die Meldung nur dann ausgelöst wird, wenn zumindest zwei Events pro Überfahrt oder aufeinanderfolgender Überfahrten detektiert werden, wobei das Event die Detektion eines charakteristischen Signals ist.In order to exclude interference signals, e.g. B. generated by a flat spot on a wheel of a rail vehicle, it is provided that at least two measurements are carried out when the rail vehicle passes or two successive rail vehicles and that the message is only triggered when at least two events are detected per crossing or consecutive crossings where the event is the detection of a characteristic signal.
Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung eine Anordnung zum Überwachen einer lösbaren Verbindung einer Weichen- oder Kreuzungskomponente, wie Herzstück oder Zungenschienenvorrichtung, wobei mittels der lösbaren Verbindung eine auswechselbare Komponente, wie Herzstückeinsatz oder Zungenschiene, mit einer Basiskomponente, wie Herzstückblock oder Zungenschienadapter, verbunden ist und wobei die Anordnung einen mit einer Auswerteeinheit verbundenen Sensor zu Überwachung der Qualität, insbesondere einer Kraftübertragung und/oder eines Formenschlusses, der lösbaren Verbindung aufweist, mittels dem ein Signal erfasst wird, das beim Überfahren eines Schienenfahrzeugs über die auswechselbare Komponente erzeugt wird und repräsentativ für die Qualität der lösbaren Verbindung ist.Furthermore, the invention relates to an arrangement for monitoring a detachable connection of a switch or crossing component, such as a frog or tongue rail device, wherein by means of the detachable connection a replaceable component, such as a frog insert or tongue rail, is connected to a base component, such as a frog block or tongue rail adapter, and wherein the arrangement has a sensor connected to an evaluation unit for monitoring the quality, in particular a force transmission and / or a positive connection, of the detachable connection, by means of which a signal is detected that is generated when a rail vehicle passes over the replaceable component and is representative of the quality of the detachable connection.
Gemäß einem Aspekt der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Sensor ausschließlich mit der Basiskomponente verbunden und derart ausgebildet ist, dass dieser das durch zumindest eine von der lösbaren Verbindung und/oder der auswechselbare Komponente auf die Basiskomponente ausgebübten Stoß erzeugte Signal erfasst.According to one aspect of the invention, it is provided that the sensor is connected exclusively to the base component and is designed such that it detects the signal generated by at least one shock exerted on the base component by the detachable connection and/or the replaceable component.
Der zumindest eine Sensor ist über eine Zuleitung mit der Auswerteeinheit verbunden. Die Auswerteeinheit weist vorzugsweise eine Recheneinheit mit einem Vergleicher zum Vergleich des erfassten Sensorsignals mit einem Referenzsignal oder einem Grenzwert auf.The at least one sensor is connected to the evaluation unit via a supply line. The evaluation unit preferably has a computing unit with a comparator for comparing the detected sensor signal with a reference signal or a limit value.
Als Kern der Erfindung kann zudem auch eine lösbare Verbindung, wie Klemmung bzw. Verschraubung, für eine auswechselbare Komponente, wie Wechselherzstück oder Zungenschiene, einer Straßenbahnweiche angesehen werden, umfassend ein Basiselement in Form eines Herzstückblocks oder eines Zungenschienenadapters, wobei die lösbare Klemmung zumindest einen Spannkeil umfasst, der mit einer Spannschraube in dem Basiselement, wie Herzstückblock oder Zungenschienenadapter, verbunden ist, einen Sensor, vorzugsweise Beschleunigungssensor aufweist, der dazu ausgebildet ist, bei der Überfahrt eines Schienenfahrzeugs von einer unzureichend geklemmten auswechselbaren Komponente, wie Wechselherzstück oder Zungenschiene, eine auf die Klemmung bzw. Verschraubung ausgeübte Beschleunigung aufzunehmen.The core of the invention can also be considered a releasable connection, such as a clamp or screw connection, for a replaceable component, such as a removable frog or tongue rail, of a tram switch, comprising a base element in the form of a frog block or a tongue rail adapter, the releasable clamp having at least one clamping wedge comprises, which is connected to a clamping screw in the base element, such as a frog block or tongue rail adapter, has a sensor, preferably an acceleration sensor, which is designed to detect an insufficiently clamped replaceable component, such as an interchangeable frog or tongue rail, when a rail vehicle passes over To absorb the acceleration exerted by clamping or screwing.
Weitere Einzelheiten, Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich nicht nur aus den Ansprüchen, den diesen zu entnehmenden Merkmalen - für sich und/oder in Kombination-, sondern auch aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von den Zeichnungen zu entnehmenden bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen sowie deren Erläuterungen.Further details, advantages and features of the invention result not only from the claims, the features to be taken from them - individually and / or in combination - but also from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments to be found in the drawings and their explanations.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Draufsicht auf ein Herzstück mit lösbarer Verbindung für einen auswechselbaren Herzstückeinsatz,
- Fig. 2
- eine Schnittdarstellung des Herzstücks gemäß
Fig. 1 entlang einer Schnittlinie AC-AC, - Fig. 3
- eine Draufsicht des Herzstücks ohne Herzstückeinsatz,
- Fig. 4
- eine perspektivische Darstellung des Herzstücks gem.
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 5
- eine Anordnung zur Überprüfung einer lösbaren Verbindung eines Herzstückes,
- Fig. 6
- eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Zungenschienenadapters,
- Fig. 7
- eine Seitenansicht des Zungenschienenadapters gemäß
Fig. 6 , - Fig. 8
- eine Vorderansicht des Zungenschienenadapters gemäß
Fig. 6 . - Fig. 9
- eine Draufsicht des Zungenschienenadapters gemäß
Fig. 6 .
- Fig. 1
- a top view of a centerpiece with a detachable connection for a replaceable centerpiece insert,
- Fig. 2
- a sectional view of the centerpiece according to
Fig. 1 along a cutting line AC-AC, - Fig. 3
- a top view of the centerpiece without the centerpiece insert,
- Fig. 4
- a perspective view of the centerpiece according to.
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 5
- an arrangement for checking a detachable connection of a center piece,
- Fig. 6
- a perspective view of a tongue rail adapter,
- Fig. 7
- a side view of the tongue rail adapter according to
Fig. 6 , - Fig. 8
- a front view of the tongue rail adapter according to
Fig. 6 . - Fig. 9
- a top view of the tongue rail adapter according to
Fig. 6 .
Die
Ein Überlaufbereich im Herzstück 12 ist konstruktionsbedingt besonders hohen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Um die Lebensdauer des kompletten Herzstücks 12 von der des Überlaufbereichs unabhängig zu machen, ist der Überlaufbereich in Form des Wechselherzstücks 20 auswechselbar gestaltet. Das Wechselherzstück 20 ermöglicht zudem die Austauschbarkeit des Überlaufbereichs des Herzstücks 10 ohne Beschädigung eines Deckenanschlusses. Dadurch können Kosten minimiert und ein weitgehend störungsfreier Schienenverkehr gewährleistet werden. Auch können Liegezeiten verlängert und Wartungszeiten verkürzt werden.An overflow area in the
Durch eine beim Überfahren des Herzstückeinsatzes auf die lösbare Verbindung einwirkende wechselnde Belastung kann sich die Klemmung lösen. Daher muss die lösbare Verbindung 28, 30, 32, 34 regelmäßig kontrolliert werden.The clamping can become loose due to a changing load acting on the releasable connection when the frog insert is driven over. Therefore, the
Gemäß der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass eine Überwachung der lösbaren Verbindung 28, 30, 32, 34 zur Fixierung des Wechselherzstücks 20 an dem Herzstückblock 12 mittels einer Sensorik 58 erfolgt. Durch die Sensorik 58 wird ein Signal erfasst, das beim Überfahren eines Schienenfahrzeugs über die auswechselbare Komponente in Form des Wechselherzstücks 20 erzeugt wird und repräsentativ für die Qualität der Kraftübertragung der lösbaren Verbindung 28, 30, 32, 34 ist. Fällt die Qualität der Kraftübertragung unter einen Grenzwert, wird eine sich lösende Verbindung bzw. ein Lösen der lösbaren Verbindung 28, 30, 32, 34 signalisiert und einem Betreiber der Gleisanlage angezeigt.According to the invention it is provided that the
Der Sensor 58 ist in einem Boden 60 der Aussparung 22 fest mit dem Herzstückblock 12 derart verbunden, dass der Sensor das durch zumindest eine von der lösbaren Verbindung 28, 30, 32, 34 und/oder dem Wechselherzstück 20 auf den Herzstückblock 12 ausgeübte Kraft erzeugte Signal erfasst. Der Sensor 58 steht mit der auswechselbaren Komponente in Form des Wechselherzstücks 20 nicht direkt in Kontakt.The
Der Beschleunigungssensor 48 ist in einer sich entlang Längsachse 62 erstreckenden Rinne 64 im Boden 60 der Aussparung 22 angeordnet. Eine Verbindungsleitung 66 des Sensors 58 kann durch eine Bohrung 68, die in vertikaler Richtung entlang einer Vertikalachse 70 ausgebildet ist, bodenseitig ausgeführt werden. Alternativ kann die Verbindungsleitung 66 über einen Kanal 72 entlang einer Querachse 74 seitlich aus dem Herzstückblock 12 ausgeführt werden.The
Durch diese Anordnung ist gewährleistet, dass der Sensor 58 sowie die Verbindungsleitung 66 ausschließlich mit dem Herzstückblock 12 in Verbindung steht und von der auswechselbaren Komponente in Form des Wechselherzstücks 20 beabstandet ist. Durch die Anordnung des Sensors 58 unterhalb des Wechselherzstücks 20 ist eine wirksame Kraftübertragung von dem Wechselherzstück 20 bzw. der lösbaren Verbindung in den Sensor 58 gewährleistet.This arrangement ensures that the
Durch das auswechselbare Wechselherzstücks 20 ist der Sensor 58 im eingedeckten Gleis zerstörungsfrei zugänglich. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Aussparung 22 mit Bohrung 68 gleichzeitig als Wasserablauf des Herzstückblocks 12 ausgebildet.Thanks to the replaceable
Der Sensor 58, der als Beschleunigungssensor ausgebildet ist, kann Beschleunigungen in zumindest eine Richtung, vorzugsweise Beschleunigungen in drei Richtungen, d.h., in Richtung der Längsachse 62, der Querachse 74 sowie der Vertikalachse 70 erfassen. Der Erfindung liegt der Gedanke zugrunde, dass eine lose, d.h. unzureichend geklemmte auswechselbare Komponente bei der Überfahrt des Schienenfahrzeugs auf die Basiskomponente, d.h. den Herzstückblock 12 und/oder die lösbare Verbindung 28, 30, 32, 34 aufschlägt und dabei charakteristische Beschleunigungen erzeugt bzw. verursacht, welche von dem Sensor 58 gemessen und anschließend von der Auswerteeinheit 82 ausgewertet, insbesondere mit einem Grenzwert, verglichen werden. In Abhängigkeit des Vergleichs zwischen dem gemessenen Signal und dem gespeicherten Referenzsignal wird beim Überschreiten des Grenzwertes ein Meldesignal erzeugt, welches auf eine unzureichend geklemmte bzw. gelöste Verbindung 28, 30, 32, 34 hinweist.The
Da sich die lösbare Verbindung 204, bestehend aus den einzelnen Klemmelementen 216, 218, 220, während des Betriebs lösen kann, muss die Verschraubung bzw. Klemmung regelmäßig kontrolliert werden. Gemäß der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass in dem Zungenschienenadapter 202 ein Sensor 244 zur Überwachung einer von der lösbaren Verbindung aufgebrachten Kraftübertragung bzw. Klemmkraft integriert ist. Der Erfindung liegt die Idee zugrunde, dass eine aufgrund einer unzureichend gespannten Verbindung 204 lose Zungenschiene 206 bei der Überfahrt des Schienenfahrzeugs auf den Zungenschienenadapter 202 und/oder die lösbare Verbindung 204 aufschlägt und dabei charakteristische Beschleunigungen verursacht, die von dem Sensor gemessen werden und von einer Auswerteeinheit mit einem Grenzwert verglichen werden.Since the
Der Sensor 244 ist als Beschleunigungssensor ausgebildet und misst Beschleunigungen nach Richtung und Betrag in einem durch Achsen 212, 246, 248 aufgespannten Koordinatensystem.The
Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Sensor 244 entlang einer Achse 250 angeordnet (s.
Das von dem Sensor 244 erfasste Signal wird, wie mit Bezug zu
Claims (18)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Sensor (58; 244) in der Basiskomponente (12; 202) angeordnet und fest mit dieser verbunden ist.Switch or crossing component (10, 200), such as a frog or tongue rail device, comprising a base component (12, 202), such as a frog block or tongue rail adapter, a replaceable component (20, 206), such as a frog insert or tongue rail, at least one detachable connection (28, 30, 32, 34; 216, 218, 220), such as screw connection or clamping, by means of which the replaceable component (20, 206) can be connected to the base component (12, 202), in particular non-positively and/or positively, as well as at least one Sensor (58; 244) for monitoring the quality, in particular the power transmission and/or the positive connection, of the detachable connection, a signal being generated in the sensor (58; 244) when a rail vehicle passes over the switch or crossing component (10; 200). is generated that is representative of the quality of the detachable connection,
characterized,
that the sensor (58; 244) is arranged in the base component (12; 202) and is firmly connected to it.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Sensor (58; 244) vorzugsweise als Beschleunigungssensor oder Körperschallsensor ausgebildet ist.Component according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the sensor (58; 244) is preferably designed as an acceleration sensor or structure-borne sound sensor.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Sensor (58; 244) derart mit der Basiskomponente (12; 202) zur Übertragung von Beschleunigungen und mechanischen Schwingungen gekoppelt ist, dass dieser bei Überfahrt des Schienenfahrzeugs insbesondere über eine unzureichend befestigte auswechselbare Komponente (20; 206) zumindest einen von der unzureichend befestigten auswechselbaren Komponente (20; 206) auf die zumindest eine lösbare Verbindung (28, 30, 32, 34; 216, 218, 220) und/oder die Basiskomponenten (12; 202) ausgeübten Stoß als Beschleunigung und/oder mechanische Schwingung erfasst.Component according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the sensor (58; 244) is coupled to the base component (12; 202) for transmitting accelerations and mechanical vibrations in such a way that when the rail vehicle passes over it, in particular via an insufficiently fastened replaceable component (20; 206), at least one of the insufficient attached replaceable component (20; 206) on the at least one detachable connection (28, 30, 32, 34; 216, 218, 220) and / or the base components (12; 202) is recorded as acceleration and / or mechanical vibration.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Weichen- oder Kreuzungskomponente (10) ein Herzstück ist, wobei die Basiskomponente (12) ein Herzstückblock und die auswechselbare Komponente (20) ein Herzstückeinsatz ist, welcher mittels der lösbaren Verbindung (28, 30, 32, 34) vorzugsweise in Form einer verschraubbaren Klemmverbindung mit dem Herzstückblock (12) verbunden ist.Component according to at least one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the switch or crossing component (10) is a center piece, the base component (12) being a center piece block and the replaceable component (20) being a center piece insert, which is preferably in the form of a center piece by means of the releasable connection (28, 30, 32, 34). screwable clamp connection is connected to the frog block (12).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Herzstückeinsatz (20) in einer im eingedeckten Zustand des Herzstücks (10) zerstörungsfrei zugänglichen Aussparung (22) des Herzstückblocks (12) angeordnet ist und dass der Sensor (58) in der Aussparung (22), vorzugsweise in vertikaler Richtung unterhalb des auswechselbaren Herzstückeinsatzes (20) angeordnet und vorzugsweise durch dieses ohne Kontakt zu dem Sensor (58) abgedeckt ist.Component according to at least one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the frog insert (20) is arranged in a recess (22) of the frog block (12) which is accessible non-destructively when the frog (10) is covered and that the sensor (58) is in the recess (22), preferably in the vertical direction below the replaceable Centerpiece insert (20) is arranged and is preferably covered by this without contact with the sensor (58).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Sensor (58) in einer in einem Boden (60) der Aussparung (20) ausgebildeten Rinne (64) angeordnet ist, wobei die Rinne (60) zumindest einen Abschnitt eines Wasserablaufs bildet und in einen Ablauf (68) mündet.Component according to at least one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the sensor (58) is arranged in a channel (64) formed in a bottom (60) of the recess (20), the channel (60) forming at least a section of a water drain and opening into a drain (68).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Sensor (58) eine Kabelverbindung (66) aufweist, die durch den in dem Boden (60) der Aussparung (22) ausgebildeten Ablauf (68) und/oder durch einen quer zur Fahrtrichtung in dem Herzstückblock (12) ausgebildeten Kanal (72) aus dem Herzstückblock (12) vorzugsweise in einen mit dem Herzstückblock (12) verbundenen Kabelschacht herausgeführt ist.Component according to at least one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the sensor (58) has a cable connection (66) which runs through the drain (68) formed in the bottom (60) of the recess (22) and/or through a channel (72) formed transversely to the direction of travel in the centerpiece block (12). ) is preferably led out of the centerpiece block (12) into a cable duct connected to the centerpiece block (12).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Weichen- oder Kreuzungskomponente (200) eine Zungenvorrichtung ist, wobei die Basiskomponente (202) ein Zungenadapter und die auswechselbare Komponente (206) eine Zungenschiene ist, die mittels der zumindest einen lösbaren Verbindung (216, 218, 220) in Form zumindest einer verschraubbaren Klemmverbindung mit dem Zungenadapter (202) verbunden ist.Component according to at least one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the switch or crossing component (200) is a tongue device, the base component (202) being a tongue adapter and the replaceable component (206) being a tongue rail, which is connected by means of the at least one releasable connection (216, 218, 220) in the form of at least one screwable clamp connection is connected to the tongue adapter (202).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die lösbare Verbindung (28, 30, 32, 34; 216, 218, 220) zumindest einen Spannkeil (34, 36, 38, 40; 222, 224, 226) aufweist, wobei der Spannkeil von einer Spannschraube (42, 44, 46, 48; 228, 230, 232) durchsetzt ist, die in eine in der Basiskomponente (12; 202) ausgebildete Gewindebohrung (50, 52, 54, 56; , wie Sacklochgewindebohrung, verschraubbar ist.Component according to at least one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the releasable connection (28, 30, 32, 34; 216, 218, 220) has at least one clamping wedge (34, 36, 38, 40; 222, 224, 226), the clamping wedge being held by a clamping screw (42, 44, 46, 48; 228, 230, 232), which can be screwed into a threaded hole (50, 52, 54, 56; such as a blind hole threaded hole) formed in the base component (12; 202).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass zwischen einem Kopf der Spannschraube und einer Oberseite des Spannkeils eine Spannscheibe und ein erster Dichtring angeordnet ist und dass zwischen einer Unterseite des Spannkeils und der Basiskomponente bevorzugt ein zweiter Dichtring angeordnet ist.Component according to at least one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that a clamping disk and a first sealing ring are arranged between a head of the clamping screw and an upper side of the clamping wedge and that a second sealing ring is preferably arranged between an underside of the clamping wedge and the base component.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Signal beim Überfahren des Schienenfahrzeugs über die auswechselbare Komponente durch zumindest einen von der auswechselbaren Komponente auf die lösbare Verbindung und/oder auf die Basiskomponente ausgeübten Stoß erzeugt und mittels des in der Basiskomponente angeordneten Sensors in dieser erfasst wird.Method for monitoring a releasable connection of a switch or crossing component, such as a frog or tongue rail device, using the releasable connection to create a replaceable component, such as Frog insert or tongue rail, is attached to a base component, such as a frog block or tongue rail adapter, and a signal for checking the quality, in particular the power transmission or the positive connection, of the detachable connection is detected by means of a sensor, which is detected when a rail vehicle passes over the switch or Crossing component is generated and is representative of the quality of the detachable connection,
characterized,
that when the rail vehicle passes over the replaceable component, the signal is generated by at least one shock exerted by the replaceable component on the detachable connection and/or on the base component and is detected in the base component by means of the sensor arranged in the base component.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Signal bei Überfahrt des Schienenfahrzeugs durch eine Relativbewegung der wechselbaren Komponente und/oder durch eine aus der optimalen Lage verschobene auswechselbare Komponente in Bezug auf die lösbare Verbindung und/oder die Basiskomponente erzeugt wird.Method according to claim 11,
characterized,
that the signal is generated when the rail vehicle passes over by a relative movement of the replaceable component and/or by a replaceable component that is displaced from the optimal position in relation to the detachable connection and/or the base component.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass als Sensor ein Beschleunigungssensor oder ein Körperschallsensor verwendet wird, wobei der Sensor bei Überfahrt des Schienenfahrzeugs über die auswechselbare Komponente zumindest eine von einer unzureichend befestigten auswechselbaren Komponente auf die zumindest eine lösbare Verbindung und/oder Basiskomponente ausgeübte charakteristische Beschleunigung oder einen charakteristischen Körperschall erfasst.Method according to claim 11 or 12,
characterized,
that an acceleration sensor or a structure-borne sound sensor is used as a sensor, wherein the sensor detects at least one characteristic acceleration or a characteristic structure-borne sound exerted by an insufficiently fastened replaceable component on the at least one detachable connection and / or base component when the rail vehicle passes over the replaceable component.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das durch die Überfahrt des Schienenfahrzeugs erzeugte Signal als Istwertsignal mit einem Referenzsignal oder einem Grenzwert verglichen wird, um ein die charakteristische Beschleunigung oder charakteristischen Körperschall aufweisendes Signal zu erkennen.Method according to at least one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the signal generated by the passage of the rail vehicle is compared as an actual value signal with a reference signal or a limit value in order to recognize a signal having the characteristic acceleration or characteristic structure-borne noise.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass bei einer Abweichung des Istwertsignals von dem Referenzsignal oder dem Grenzwert eine Meldung über eine unzureichende Qualität, insbesondere der Kraftübertragung und/oder des Formschlusses, der lösbaren Verbindung erzeugt wird.Method according to at least one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that if the actual value signal deviates from the reference signal or the limit value, a message is generated about inadequate quality, in particular of the power transmission and / or the positive connection, of the detachable connection.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass bei einer Überfahrt des Schienenfahrzeugs oder bei zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Schienenfahrzeugen zumindest zwei Messungen durchgeführt werden und dass die Meldung nur dann ausgelöst wird, wenn zumindest zwei Events pro Überfahrt oder aufeinanderfolgender Überfahrten detektiert werden, wobei das Event die Detektion eines charakteristischen Signals ist.Method according to at least one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that at least two measurements are carried out during one crossing of the rail vehicle or two successive rail vehicles and that the message is only triggered if at least two events per crossing or successive crossings are detected, the event being the detection of a characteristic signal.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Sensor (58; 244) ausschließlich mit der Basiskomponente (12; 202) verbunden und derart ausgebildet ist, dass dieser das durch zumindest einen von der lösbaren Verbindung (28, 30, 32, 34; 216, 218, 220) und/oder der auswechselbaren Komponente auf die Basiskomponente (12; 202) ausgebübten Stoß erzeugte Signal erfasst.Arrangement (80) for monitoring a detachable connection (28, 30, 32, 34; 216, 218, 220) of a switch or crossing component (10, 200), such as a frog or tongue rail device, wherein by means of the detachable connection (28, 30, 32, 34; 216, 218, 220) a replaceable component (20, 206), such as a frog insert or tongue rail, is connected to a base component (12, 022), such as a frog block or tongue rail adapter, and wherein the arrangement (80) is connected to a Evaluation unit (82) connected sensor (58, 244) for monitoring the quality, in particular a force transmission and / or a positive connection, which has a detachable connection (28, 30, 32, 34; 216, 218, 220), by means of which a signal is detected is generated when a rail vehicle passes over the replaceable component (20, 206) and is representative of the quality of the detachable connection (28, 30, 32, 34; 216, 218, 220),
characterized,
that the sensor (58; 244) is connected exclusively to the base component (12; 202) and is designed in such a way that it can do so through at least one of the detachable connections (28, 30, 32, 34; 216, 218, 220) and/or or the replaceable component on the base component (12; 202).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Auswerteeinheit (80) eine Recheneinheit mit Vergleicher zum Vergleich des erfassten Sensorsignals mit einem Referenzsignal oder einem Grenzwert aufweist.Arrangement according to claim 17,
characterized,
that the evaluation unit (80) has a computing unit with a comparator for comparing the detected sensor signal with a reference signal or a limit value.
Priority Applications (13)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FIEP22196252.5T FI4339067T3 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2022-09-16 | A soft or crossover component with releasable connection and a method and arrangement for monitoring the releasable connection |
| PT221962525T PT4339067T (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2022-09-16 | A soft or crossover component with releasable connection and a method and arrangement for monitoring the releasable connection |
| EP22196252.5A EP4339067B1 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2022-09-16 | A soft or crossover component with releasable connection and a method and arrangement for monitoring the releasable connection |
| DK22196252.5T DK4339067T3 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2022-09-16 | SWITCH OR CROSSING COMPONENT WITH REMOVABLE CONNECTION AND METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE REMOVABLE CONNECTION |
| ES22196252T ES3036607T3 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2022-09-16 | A soft or crossover component with releasable connection and a method and arrangement for monitoring the releasable connection |
| PL22196252.5T PL4339067T3 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2022-09-16 | A SWITCH OR CROSSING ELEMENT WITH A DETACHABLE CONNECTION AND THE METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MONITORING THE DETACHABLE CONNECTION |
| AU2023342658A AU2023342658B2 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2023-09-15 | Points or crossing component with releasable connection and method and arrangement for monitoring the releasable connection |
| CN202380065904.XA CN119866294A (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2023-09-15 | Switch or cross-piece with releasable connection, and method and assembly for monitoring a releasable connection |
| KR1020257010482A KR20250068654A (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2023-09-15 | Point or cross component having a releasable connection and method and device for monitoring the releasable connection |
| PCT/EP2023/075463 WO2024056873A1 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2023-09-15 | Points or crossing component with releasable connection and method and arrangement for monitoring the releasable connection |
| EP23768898.1A EP4587312A1 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2023-09-15 | Points or crossing component with releasable connection and method and arrangement for monitoring the releasable connection |
| US19/112,556 US20260001579A1 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2023-09-15 | Points or crossing component with releasable connection and method and arrangement for monitoring the releasable connection |
| IL319587A IL319587A (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2023-09-15 | Points or crossing component with releasable connection and method and arrangement for monitoring the releasable connection |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22196252.5A EP4339067B1 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2022-09-16 | A soft or crossover component with releasable connection and a method and arrangement for monitoring the releasable connection |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4339067A1 true EP4339067A1 (en) | 2024-03-20 |
| EP4339067B1 EP4339067B1 (en) | 2025-04-30 |
Family
ID=83362660
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22196252.5A Active EP4339067B1 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2022-09-16 | A soft or crossover component with releasable connection and a method and arrangement for monitoring the releasable connection |
| EP23768898.1A Pending EP4587312A1 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2023-09-15 | Points or crossing component with releasable connection and method and arrangement for monitoring the releasable connection |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23768898.1A Pending EP4587312A1 (en) | 2022-09-16 | 2023-09-15 | Points or crossing component with releasable connection and method and arrangement for monitoring the releasable connection |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260001579A1 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP4339067B1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20250068654A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN119866294A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2023342658B2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK4339067T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES3036607T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI4339067T3 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL319587A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL4339067T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT4339067T (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2024056873A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2745543A1 (en) | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-05 | Cogifer | RAILWAY NETWORK MONITORING SYSTEM |
| DE20016674U1 (en) | 2000-09-27 | 2002-02-14 | Hanning & Kahl GmbH & Co., 33813 Oerlinghausen | Arrangement for measuring the start of the apex of a switch |
| DE102004014282B4 (en) | 2004-03-22 | 2006-10-12 | Db Netz Ag | Diagnosis and condition monitoring in the overflow area of turnouts, rigid frogs and crossings |
| EP2103738B1 (en) * | 2008-03-18 | 2012-10-03 | DT-Vyhybkárna a strojírna, a.s. | Frog |
| EP4056449A1 (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2022-09-14 | Rail 1435 Technology B.V. | A railway monitoring sensor unit |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009033980B4 (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2013-08-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Tracked vehicle |
| DE102010037110A1 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-17 | Voestalpine Bwg Gmbh & Co. Kg | Track device |
| AT521420A1 (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2020-01-15 | Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gmbh | Method and system for monitoring a track |
-
2022
- 2022-09-16 DK DK22196252.5T patent/DK4339067T3/en active
- 2022-09-16 PT PT221962525T patent/PT4339067T/en unknown
- 2022-09-16 PL PL22196252.5T patent/PL4339067T3/en unknown
- 2022-09-16 FI FIEP22196252.5T patent/FI4339067T3/en active
- 2022-09-16 ES ES22196252T patent/ES3036607T3/en active Active
- 2022-09-16 EP EP22196252.5A patent/EP4339067B1/en active Active
-
2023
- 2023-09-15 IL IL319587A patent/IL319587A/en unknown
- 2023-09-15 EP EP23768898.1A patent/EP4587312A1/en active Pending
- 2023-09-15 US US19/112,556 patent/US20260001579A1/en active Pending
- 2023-09-15 KR KR1020257010482A patent/KR20250068654A/en active Pending
- 2023-09-15 AU AU2023342658A patent/AU2023342658B2/en active Active
- 2023-09-15 CN CN202380065904.XA patent/CN119866294A/en active Pending
- 2023-09-15 WO PCT/EP2023/075463 patent/WO2024056873A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2745543A1 (en) | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-05 | Cogifer | RAILWAY NETWORK MONITORING SYSTEM |
| DE20016674U1 (en) | 2000-09-27 | 2002-02-14 | Hanning & Kahl GmbH & Co., 33813 Oerlinghausen | Arrangement for measuring the start of the apex of a switch |
| DE102004014282B4 (en) | 2004-03-22 | 2006-10-12 | Db Netz Ag | Diagnosis and condition monitoring in the overflow area of turnouts, rigid frogs and crossings |
| EP2103738B1 (en) * | 2008-03-18 | 2012-10-03 | DT-Vyhybkárna a strojírna, a.s. | Frog |
| EP4056449A1 (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2022-09-14 | Rail 1435 Technology B.V. | A railway monitoring sensor unit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20260001579A1 (en) | 2026-01-01 |
| FI4339067T3 (en) | 2025-07-15 |
| AU2023342658B2 (en) | 2025-08-07 |
| EP4339067B1 (en) | 2025-04-30 |
| AU2023342658A1 (en) | 2025-03-20 |
| CN119866294A (en) | 2025-04-22 |
| PL4339067T3 (en) | 2025-09-08 |
| EP4587312A1 (en) | 2025-07-23 |
| DK4339067T3 (en) | 2025-08-04 |
| PT4339067T (en) | 2025-07-30 |
| KR20250068654A (en) | 2025-05-16 |
| ES3036607T3 (en) | 2025-09-22 |
| WO2024056873A1 (en) | 2024-03-21 |
| IL319587A (en) | 2025-05-01 |
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