EP4336119A1 - Gestion d'humidité et évacuation de condensat pour boîtier de pompe à chaleur - Google Patents

Gestion d'humidité et évacuation de condensat pour boîtier de pompe à chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4336119A1
EP4336119A1 EP23195407.4A EP23195407A EP4336119A1 EP 4336119 A1 EP4336119 A1 EP 4336119A1 EP 23195407 A EP23195407 A EP 23195407A EP 4336119 A1 EP4336119 A1 EP 4336119A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
adsorbent
collecting
drain
container
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23195407.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Josef Spahn
Tobias Lingk
Jürgen vom Stein
Christof Krampe-Zadler
Thomas Badenhop
Harald Riecke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102022122985.8A external-priority patent/DE102022122985A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102022130478.7A external-priority patent/DE102022130478A1/de
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP4336119A1 publication Critical patent/EP4336119A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/02—Casings; Cover lids; Ornamental panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to moisture management and condensate drainage from a heat pump housing of a heat pump installed inside a building, which is equipped with an encapsulated refrigeration circuit.
  • An encapsulated refrigeration circuit is an inner housing that contains the refrigerant-carrying devices.
  • a housing When using a flammable refrigerant, such as R290, R32, R1270, R600a or R454C, a housing must be used to ensure that no flammable refrigerant can leak into the installation room.
  • heat pump housings are not designed to be pressure-tight, but rather breathe in the sense that air pressure fluctuations are compensated for.
  • air exchange takes place through a filter, for example through an adsorber, which serves as a filter. This filter is permeable to ambient air in both directions, including humidity, and is intended to prevent flammable refrigerants from escaping into the installation room.
  • a pressure-tight inner housing is provided in the housing of a heat pump. From this pressure-tight inner housing, a ventilation opening is connected to a sorption bed; the ventilation opening can be connected to the sorption bed directly or via a line.
  • the sorption bed can be provided either in the heat pump housing, which surrounds the pressure-tight inner housing, or outside the heat pump housing as a separate sorption bed.
  • the connecting line if provided, should be closable and equipped with a pressure reduction.
  • One or more safety valves are provided within the pressure-tight inner housing, which respond to overpressure.
  • the use of heat transfer fluids entails the risk that the refrigerant could get into the heat transfer fluids via the corresponding heat exchangers under appropriate pressure conditions in the event of leaks.
  • the heat transfer fluid at the location of the leak has a lower pressure than the coolant and this means that pressure can build up in the heat transfer fluid.
  • the air moisture can also condense out in the cold places within the heat pump housing, and it can also reach the inside of the pressure-tight inner housing via the sorbent filter.
  • the moisture will precipitate on the adsorbent and could impair the adsorption capacity for refrigerant that has escaped due to a leak.
  • condensates can also escape through air separators or through other safety valves.
  • Such condensate drainage takes place via an opening or via a hose.
  • a condensate drain is used, for example, for an air conditioning system in the KR 10 2007 0053 835 A described, but no capsule housing is used, but rather the room air flows directly through the refrigerant Heat exchanger is passed through, ignoring the problem with flammable refrigerant.
  • Another condensate drain for an air conditioning system is in the JP 2012 184 861 A described, in which a collecting container with a connected condensate pump ensures that odors caused by condensate formation are prevented.
  • the DE 10 2020 100 806 A1 describes an air-water heat pump with an evaporator chamber into which the outlet of a safety valve leads and in this evaporator chamber any refrigerant that has escaped due to a leak is also collected.
  • the condensate is pumped out via a condensate pump and any contaminated air is ventilated outside via a duct.
  • the condensate is then either discharged into the wastewater or it evaporates and the hydraulic seal is formed by a siphon.
  • This type of thing can be found in practically all refrigerators and all air conditioning systems. In the event that a leak of flammable refrigerant could occur within a sealed heat pump housing, such a simple drainage of the condensate is not permitted. Using a standard siphon is also not safe because it can dry out or stick together.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a space-saving, safe and economical device in which condensate and refrigerant that has escaped due to leaks are removed from an encapsulated inner housing of a heat pump.
  • the dilemma described above is solved by first redesigning the base plate, on which all important components are usually mounted in the pressure-tight inner housing. It is now designed as a funnel and has at least one drain and the function of a condensate collector. It also closes off a collecting volume at the top, which is arranged underneath and which also contains devices for gas separation and a siphon that is protected against drying out.
  • the base plate thus becomes a complex component.
  • the siphon is usually followed by a shut-off valve outside the housing.
  • the collecting volume can also be arranged externally and connected to the collecting mold below it via a pressure-tight connection. It then has the same effect as within the encapsulated inner housing, but can make better use of free installation space if necessary.
  • the average inclination of the intermediate plate should have at least 1 degree of funnel inclination, although inclination can vary.
  • the adsorbent in each downcomer shaft in conjunction with the top and bottom openings and the retaining means for adsorbent, has a higher flow resistance than the container with adsorbent in Connection with its top and bottom openings and its adsorbent retaining means at its bottom.
  • the difference in flow resistance in the adsorption bed of the adsorbent container and in each downcomer filled with adsorbent is crucial. If the flow resistance in each downcomer shaft for escaping gaseous refrigerant is greater than that of the path through the adsorption bed, it is ensured that in the event of a leak, the majority of the refrigerant reaches the adsorption bed and is adsorbed there. Only a relatively small part reaches the drain shafts, where it is adsorbed by the adsorbent introduced there, while the condensate can pass through unhindered.
  • the path length of the shaft is crucial compared to the path that a refrigerant-air mixture has to take through the adsorbent in the container.
  • the filling height of the adsorbent in the downcomer shaft is then at least the same height.
  • Refinements concern the adsorbents with which the effect is achieved.
  • the adsorbents in both the adsorption bed of the container and in each downcomer shaft are a bed of shaped bodies made of adsorbents.
  • a finer grain size is introduced into the downcomer shaft than in the adsorption bed of the container.
  • open-pored tiles or foams coated with adsorbents can also be used.
  • Such open-pored tiles or covered polyurethane foams in the form of surface elements can also close each downcomer as well as the adsorption bed of the container at the top and/or bottom and fix the bed, if present. They are also suitable for adjusting the respective flow resistance by selecting the pore size.
  • Such surface elements are readily available commercially, for example with a thickness of 21 millimeters, a weight per unit area of 1.3 kg/m 3 with an activated carbon layer of 0.55 kg/m 3 .
  • they can also be manufactured as molded parts suitable for the adsorber.
  • Activated carbon and carbon molecular sieve adsorber compositions based on vinylidene chloride polymer, such as those described, for example, are suitable as adsorption materials for both beds and covered tiles and foams EP 3 160 639 B1 are described.
  • the shaft is open at the top, as is the entire adsorption bed. So that the condensate dripping from the refrigeration circuit cannot drip directly into the adsorption bed in the container filled with adsorbent, it must be collected over the entire surface with a collecting device. This task is carried out by the one- or multi-part intermediate plate.
  • the individual parts are inclined so that dripping liquid is guided into the drainage channels following gravity. They can have grooves and upstands as further guiding elements for liquid.
  • the individual parts cover the entire area with the exception of the drain shafts.
  • the individual intermediate plate parts overlap and preferably have upstands on the edges so that the draining condensate does not form films on the undersides of the intermediate plate parts can form.
  • the intermediate plate parts can also be designed as funnels, the openings of which point into the drain shafts.
  • the downcomer shafts have an inlet area, an intermediate part that is filled with adsorbent, and an end piece with a condensate outlet.
  • the inlet area is preferably protected by a retaining grille, which prevents adsorbent from falling out of the shaft or being flushed out during transport or in the event of a sudden heavy build-up of condensate.
  • the end piece is also preferably protected by a retaining grille, which prevents adsorbent from falling out of the shaft or being flushed out during transport or in the event of a sudden heavy build-up of condensate. Below the retaining grille, the end piece can be slotted so that condensate can escape to the side and the drainage shafts can also be used as feet to support the heat pump housing. There is adsorbent in the intermediate part.
  • a retaining means is arranged and fixed on the top.
  • This can be a retention screen or a mesh net and a fleece or an open-cell foam.
  • a honeycomb structure can be created using open-pored foam or non-woven elements, which encloses bulk particles and directs the flow along predeterminable flow paths.
  • a float and a collecting sieve are used, they can also be structurally connected to each other. This has the advantage that coarse impurities cannot block the float mechanism if the collecting sieve is a filter insert and the float can float freely as a ring or toroidal structure outside the filter insert.
  • the sieve can form one electrode and the collecting volume can form the other electrode.
  • a measurement of the heat formation can also be measured.
  • zeolite heats up by up to 60 degrees when water is adsorbed, although the heating can take a longer period of time depending on the refrigerant concentration and flow conditions.
  • the inner housing of the heat pump includes all housing parts in which devices are arranged that carry refrigerant or could lead in the event of a leak.
  • the heat exchangers can have separate housings, as can the control electronics with their cooling, the entire refrigeration circuit can also be located in one housing, housings can be separate from ventilation devices or housings that are connected to outdoor units or housings that are nested inside one another. Be heat pump housing in the sense of this invention.
  • the inner housing of the heat pump is regularly located inside the heat pump housing, which also contains other units such as the electronics, water storage, additional heater, switches for summer air conditioning operation and an adsorber for refrigerants.
  • the siphon can be equipped as an open labyrinth with a pressure-increasing system during flow.
  • the pressure-increasing system can be a particle bed or consist of open-cell foam or contain both.
  • the desired flow resistance depends on how tight the encapsulated heat pump housing should be overall. If it is open to the outside via an adsorber for refrigerant leaks or closed by it, the pressure-increasing system in the siphon must have a correspondingly higher pressure resistance. If the encapsulation is to be completely tight, a pressure relief valve must be provided on the siphon, which is coordinated with the pressure design of the encapsulation.
  • the siphon should be designed so that it cannot be blown empty even in the event of overpressure development and also that it cannot become clogged with particles. It is therefore provided that the siphon is designed as a drain valve.
  • a cone-shaped float ensures that the valve only opens when the float cone floats upwards.
  • a sensor in the outlet of the drain valve checks whether liquid is present or flows during opening. This check serves to protect against particles that could get stuck in the gap between the float cone and the cone and prevent closing.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a heat pump housing with the condensate separation according to the invention.
  • the refrigeration circuit housing 1 here is an encapsulated inner housing and contains the refrigeration circuit 2, in which condensate occurs and refrigerant can escape in the event of a leak.
  • the condensate is collected on the funnel-shaped intermediate plate 3 and runs via the drain hole 5 into the drain shaft 6. From the drain shaft 6 it drains downwards over the floor, preferably into the open or via a siphon into a drainage system.
  • a refrigerant-air mixture results, with the internal pressure in the refrigeration circuit housing 1 increasing.
  • the refrigerant-air mixture enters via the side edges of the intermediate plate 3 into the container 4, which is open at the top and is formed by the housing base and its side walls.
  • adsorbent 7 Both in the container 4 and in the downcomer 6 there is adsorbent 7, which adsorbs the refrigerant from the refrigerant-air mixture.
  • the air freed from refrigerant exits downwards through the grid 8, preferably also into the open.
  • Fig. 2 shows the container 4 for adsorbent and the five drain shafts 6.
  • the grid 8 closes the container 4 at the bottom against escaping adsorbent, but keeps it open for escaping air.
  • the downcomers 6 are also filled with adsorbent and have a higher flow resistance in order to prevent the refrigerant-air mixture from primarily escaping via the downcomers 6 and overwhelming the loading capacity of the adsorbent introduced into the downcomers 6.
  • the device feet 9 ensure a free volume below the container 4 so that both air can escape unhindered through the grid 8 and condensate through the drain shaft 6.
  • Fig. 3 shows an overview sketch with a heat pump housing 10, an encapsulated inner housing 11, a hot water tank 12, an electronic control 13, an adsorber 14 and a refrigeration circuit 15.
  • the refrigeration circuit 15 has at least one compressor 16, an expansion valve 17, a condenser 18 and an evaporator 19 on.
  • the connections for heating and heat sources as well as gas separators and safety valves are not shown, but are also located in the encapsulated inner housing 11.
  • liquid drips down in the encapsulated inner housing 11 it is collected by the collecting mold 20 and runs along the funnel inclination into the drain opening 21 and from there through the collecting sieve 22 into the collecting volume 23. There the amount of liquid is measured by the liquid detection device 24. If the liquid detection device 24 signals that the check valve 25 should be opened, the liquid can drain to the outside via the siphon 26, where it is collected. In order to allow the liquid to drain more easily, the collecting mold is briefly stimulated to vibrate at regular intervals by the vibration device 27.
  • Fig. 4 shows an encapsulated inner housing 11 with an external adsorber 14 and siphon 26.
  • the safety valves 37, 41 and 42 of the heat transfer fluids 34 and 38 are shown here.
  • the heat transfer fluids are passed as heating circuit return 38 from the heating circuit pump 39 via the condenser heat exchanger 18 to the heating circuit flow 40, where they are protected against overpressure by the safety valve 41, and as brine return 34 from the brine pump 35 via the evaporator heat exchanger 19 to the brine flow 36, where they be protected against overpressure by the safety valve 37. While the separation principle is fundamentally similar, the significantly larger possible amount of liquid must be taken into account when dimensioning.
  • Fig. 5 differs from Fig. 4 through a drain valve 43, with which a larger amount of condensate can be managed.
  • This drain valve 43 consists of an inlet system 45, in which possible particles are filtered, and a receptacle for the float body 44, which releases a conical annular gap during an accumulation of liquid.
  • a moisture sensor 46 then checks whether liquid is actually draining while the shut-off valve 25 is open. In this way, blowing through and drying out are reliably prevented.
  • Fig. 6 differs from Fig. 5 in that the inner collecting volume 23 is replaced by an external, separate collecting volume 47.
  • the interior of the encapsulated inner housing is connected to the spare collecting volume 47 by a pressure-tight connection 48. Otherwise, the devices correspond, which also concerns the devices of the collecting volume 47 shown below in analogy to the collecting volume 23.
  • Fig. 7 shows an embodiment variant of collecting mold 20 with collecting volume 23 and liquid detection device 24, in which a float 28 and a collecting sieve 22 are used in combination.
  • the float 28 is placed as a torus around the collecting sieve 22. When it reaches the upper edge of the collecting sieve 22, contact is triggered.
  • Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment variant of collecting mold 20 with collecting volume 23 and liquid detection device 24, in which a divided collecting sieve 22 is used, in which two electrodes 29 and 30 are integrated.
  • the electrodes can be supplied with either direct current or alternating current; the change in resistance determines whether liquid accumulates between the electrodes.
  • Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment variant of collecting mold 20 with collecting volume 23 and liquid detection device 24, in which the collecting volume 23 and the siphon 26 are equipped with elements for increasing the flow resistance 31.
  • the elements 31 are positioned in an open labyrinth, the check valve 25 remains open. Between the elements 31, a moisture sensor 32 and a temperature sensor 33, which is coated with zeolite, are used to detect moisture.
  • the elements 31 for increasing the flow resistance also replace the collecting sieve 22 if they are made of open-cell foam.
  • Fig. 10 shows a drain valve 43 acting as a siphon.
  • a conical float body 44 causes the valve to only open when the float cone floats upwards.
  • An annular gap then opens through which liquid can flow, indicated by arrows, with the liquid flowing into the drain valve 43 through a grid 45 on the top side.
  • the grid 45 serves as a particle filter.
  • a sensor 46 in the drain valve drain checks whether liquid is present or flows during opening. This control serves to protect against particles that could form and settle in the gap between the float cone and the cone due to agglomeration and prevent closing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Gases (AREA)
EP23195407.4A 2022-09-09 2023-09-05 Gestion d'humidité et évacuation de condensat pour boîtier de pompe à chaleur Pending EP4336119A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022122985.8A DE102022122985A1 (de) 2022-09-09 2022-09-09 Gesicherte Kondensatableitung aus einem Wärmepumpengehäuse
DE102022130478.7A DE102022130478A1 (de) 2022-11-17 2022-11-17 Feuchtemanagement in einem Wärmepumpengehäuse

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4336119A1 true EP4336119A1 (fr) 2024-03-13

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EP23195407.4A Pending EP4336119A1 (fr) 2022-09-09 2023-09-05 Gestion d'humidité et évacuation de condensat pour boîtier de pompe à chaleur

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Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050005625A1 (en) * 2003-07-09 2005-01-13 Lee Wan Young Automatic draining apparatus for condensed water of air conditioner
KR20070053835A (ko) 2005-11-22 2007-05-28 엘지전자 주식회사 공기조화기 실내기의 드레인팬
WO2010062923A1 (fr) * 2008-11-26 2010-06-03 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Système de détection de fuite de réfrigérant
JP2012184861A (ja) 2011-03-03 2012-09-27 Inaba Denki Sangyo Co Ltd 空調装置
EP3486582A1 (fr) * 2017-11-16 2019-05-22 Vaillant GmbH Détection des fuites au moyen de capacité adsorbante
EP3578895A2 (fr) * 2018-06-05 2019-12-11 Vaillant GmbH Machine de rinçage de sécurité pour un boîtier de circuit de froid
EP3160639B1 (fr) 2014-06-30 2020-04-15 Dow Global Technologies LLC Compositions d'adsorbant de type tamis moléculaire de carbone à base de copolymère de chlorure de vinylidène, procédé de préparation de ceux-ci, ainsi que leur utilisation dans la séparation d'une mélange de propane et de propylène
DE102020100806A1 (de) 2019-03-08 2020-09-10 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Luft-Wasser-Wärmepumpe und zugehöriges Verfahren
DE102019114738A1 (de) * 2019-08-23 2021-02-25 Vaillant Gmbh Fluidadsorption
EP3792572A1 (fr) * 2019-09-12 2021-03-17 Vaillant GmbH Dispositif de rinçage de sécurité pour une pompe à chaleur
EP3988858A1 (fr) * 2020-10-23 2022-04-27 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et dispositif d'étanchéification d'une chambre de gaz d'échappement d'un appareil de chauffage, en particulier d'un appareil de chauffage à pouvoir calorifique, par rapport à une chambre d'installation

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050005625A1 (en) * 2003-07-09 2005-01-13 Lee Wan Young Automatic draining apparatus for condensed water of air conditioner
KR20070053835A (ko) 2005-11-22 2007-05-28 엘지전자 주식회사 공기조화기 실내기의 드레인팬
WO2010062923A1 (fr) * 2008-11-26 2010-06-03 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Système de détection de fuite de réfrigérant
JP2012184861A (ja) 2011-03-03 2012-09-27 Inaba Denki Sangyo Co Ltd 空調装置
EP3160639B1 (fr) 2014-06-30 2020-04-15 Dow Global Technologies LLC Compositions d'adsorbant de type tamis moléculaire de carbone à base de copolymère de chlorure de vinylidène, procédé de préparation de ceux-ci, ainsi que leur utilisation dans la séparation d'une mélange de propane et de propylène
EP3486582A1 (fr) * 2017-11-16 2019-05-22 Vaillant GmbH Détection des fuites au moyen de capacité adsorbante
EP3578895A2 (fr) * 2018-06-05 2019-12-11 Vaillant GmbH Machine de rinçage de sécurité pour un boîtier de circuit de froid
DE102020100806A1 (de) 2019-03-08 2020-09-10 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Luft-Wasser-Wärmepumpe und zugehöriges Verfahren
DE102019114738A1 (de) * 2019-08-23 2021-02-25 Vaillant Gmbh Fluidadsorption
EP3792572A1 (fr) * 2019-09-12 2021-03-17 Vaillant GmbH Dispositif de rinçage de sécurité pour une pompe à chaleur
EP3988858A1 (fr) * 2020-10-23 2022-04-27 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et dispositif d'étanchéification d'une chambre de gaz d'échappement d'un appareil de chauffage, en particulier d'un appareil de chauffage à pouvoir calorifique, par rapport à une chambre d'installation

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