EP4334059A1 - Oberflächenumformung für additiv hergestellte strukturen - Google Patents
Oberflächenumformung für additiv hergestellte strukturenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4334059A1 EP4334059A1 EP22740806.9A EP22740806A EP4334059A1 EP 4334059 A1 EP4334059 A1 EP 4334059A1 EP 22740806 A EP22740806 A EP 22740806A EP 4334059 A1 EP4334059 A1 EP 4334059A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pulse
- component
- impulse
- surface areas
- additively
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
- B22F3/045—Semi-isostatic pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
- B22F3/164—Partial deformation or calibration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P9/00—Treating or finishing surfaces mechanically, with or without calibrating, primarily to resist wear or impact, e.g. smoothing or roughening turbine blades or bearings; Features of such surfaces not otherwise provided for, their treatment being unspecified
- B23P9/04—Treating or finishing by hammering or applying repeated pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/05—Water or water vapour
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2202/00—Treatment under specific physical conditions
- B22F2202/01—Use of vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2202/00—Treatment under specific physical conditions
- B22F2202/05—Use of magnetic field
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2202/00—Treatment under specific physical conditions
- B22F2202/06—Use of electric fields
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/02—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass turbine or like blades from one piece
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for surface treatment, in particular for superficial reshaping or surface modification of a structure produced additively, preferably from a powder bed. Furthermore, a device for carrying out this method, a manufacturing method for a component, including the method for surface treatment and a correspondingly manufactured component are specified.
- the component is preferably intended for use in the hot gas path of a gas turbine.
- the component can be made of a superalloy and/or a (hardenable) nickel- or cobalt-based material.
- the component relates to a component to be cooled with a thin-walled or filigree design.
- the component can be a component for use in automobiles or in the aviation sector.
- High-performance machine components are the subject of constant improvement, in particular to increase their efficiency in use. In the case of heat engines, in particular gas turbines, however, this leads, among other things, to ever higher operating temperatures.
- the metallic materials and the component design of heavy-duty components such as turbine rotor blades, especially in the first stages, are constantly being improved in terms of their strength, service life, creep resistance and thermomechanical fatigue.
- additive manufacturing processes colloquially also referred to as 3D printing, include, for example, powder bed processes such as selective laser melting (SLM) or laser sintering (SLS), or electron beam melting (EBM).
- SLM selective laser melting
- SLS laser sintering
- EBM electron beam melting
- Other additive processes are for example "Directed Energy Deposition (DED)” methods, in particular laser deposition welding, electron beam or plasma powder welding, wire welding, metallic powder injection molding, so-called “sheet lamination” method, or thermal spraying methods (VPS LPPS, GDCS).
- DED Directed Energy Deposition
- a method for selective laser melting with pulsed radiation is known, for example, from EP 3022 008 Bl.
- Additive manufacturing processes have also proven to be particularly advantageous for complex or delicately designed components, such as labyrinthine structures, cooling structures and/or lightweight structures.
- additive manufacturing is advantageous due to a particularly short chain of process steps, since a manufacturing or manufacturing step of a component can be carried out largely on the basis of a corresponding CAD file and the selection of corresponding manufacturing parameters.
- LPBF Powder Bed Fusion
- Components manufactured in a conventional way stand up to the additive manufacturing route, for example with regard to their freedom of design and also with regard to the required throughput time and the with associated high costs and the manufacturing effort, significantly.
- the powder bed process inherently creates high thermal stresses in the component structure.
- radiation paths or vectors that are too short lead to severe overheating, which in turn leads to distortion or cracking of the structure.
- Severe distortion during the assembly process also easily leads to structural detachments, thermal deformation or geometric deviations outside of an allowable tolerance.
- SAC strain-age-cracking
- PWHT post-weld heat treatment
- shot peening coverage is limited.
- the accessibility of the blasting process is insufficient, especially in narrow gaps or notches. Because it is precisely in these hard-to-reach and/or filigree areas of complicated additively manufactured geometries that stress concentrations and/or notch effects often occur, which significantly increase the SAC susceptibility.
- internal areas such as cooling channels in turbine blades, cannot be reached at all by the shot peening, so that the residual tensile stresses cannot be reduced here.
- Another challenge in shot peening is to prevent the peening material from penetrating into internal structures (e.g. cooling channels), which then sinters or even melts in the subsequent heat treatment and can thus close the cavity or channel.
- Said closure can then (economically) no longer be eliminated, which leads to the component being unusable for its intended use. Furthermore, there is a risk in the shot peening process that - due to the locally limited effective zone - component areas can be excessively deformed. This can apply in particular to the additively manufactured exit edges of turbine blades, but also to any other delicately designed component.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for surface treatment or surface shaping of a structure additively produced from the powder bed, the additively built structure being subjected to a pulse or energy pulse, with residual tensile stresses in surface areas of the structure being reduced by the pulse.
- the pulse can in particular mean a pressure wave or a pressure pulse.
- the method described here can be advantageously a uniform loading of the entire construction part surface, preferably in all surface areas can be achieved, whereby the risk of SAC uniform and can be significantly reduced.
- the method described for surface treatment or surface modification is uniformly accessible for all relevant component areas, including notch bases and internal surfaces such as cooling channel surfaces.
- blasting material residues remain in the component and impair the functionality (physically or chemically).
- the risk of the formation of intermetallic phases (in the case of metallic blasting material) or low-melting eutectic phases in the case of vitreous blasting material can be advantageously prevented.
- deformation of the component as a whole can advantageously be prevented by the isotropic or uniform pressure or pressure pulse on the component or its surface area. This is particularly important for filigree designs.
- the surface treatment process is even scalable to the simultaneous treatment of a number of (small or large) additively manufactured components, provided that all components can be pulsed in a common mold.
- the impulse is not or not exclusively thermal impulse.
- the structure of the component is subjected to the impulse in such a way that the surface regions are acted upon isotropically and/or uniformly, or are deformed.
- the process induces compressive stresses in the surface areas of the structure. This configuration can advantageously not only reduce the intrinsic tensile stress of the component, but also counteract the SAC inclination of the component structure even more effectively by the compressive stresses.
- the impulse causes high-energy or high-speed deformation of the surface areas, which is locally limited, so that there is no plastic deformation of the structure as a whole.
- the energy expenditure for the surface treatment is also moderate, in particular, since it is locally limited.
- the surface areas include an inner surface or internal surface and/or an outer surface of the component structure.
- the surface areas of the structure have a fine or sharp-edged geometry (see above).
- an incompressible or virtually incompressible medium or active medium that is in contact with the surface areas to be treated is used for the application of the pulse. This advantageously achieves a uniform pulse impingement on the surface areas, and internal surfaces of the component structure are also impinged on evenly and effectively.
- the named active medium includes water or oil or consists of these substances.
- the active medium for example, a medium for the generation of pressure waves and a means for the transmission of the pulse can be specified at the same time.
- the impulse is applied by hydro-impulse conversion. This can be accomplished, for example, by or via an explosion, a blast, a projectile, or a drop weight.
- the pulse is applied by an electrical discharge, an electrohydraulic transformation, or a hydroelectric transformation.
- the pulse is applied by electrodynamic or electromagnetic conversion, in particular a magnetic pressure pulse.
- a pulse strength of the applied pulse corresponds to an Almen intensity of more than 0.1 mmA.
- a pulse strength of the applied pulse corresponds to an Almen intensity of more than 0.14 mmA.
- the structure is or is made from a nickel or cobalt-based alloy.
- a further aspect of the present invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method described, the apparatus further comprising a mold and a device and a medium for applying the impulse (as described above).
- a further aspect of the present invention relates to a method for additively manufacturing a component, comprising additively building up the component structure by means of a powder bed processes such as selective laser melting or electron beam melting.
- This method also includes subjecting the structure to the impulse, with a cracking tendency of the structure, in particular by so-called “strain age cracking”, being reduced and, preferably, a heat treatment of the structure.
- a further aspect of the present invention relates to a component which is produced or can be produced according to the method or methods described, the component being produced from a (conventionally) non-weldable alloy.
- Configurations, features and/or advantages which in the present case relate to the method for surface treatment or the corresponding device, can also directly relate to the described additive manufacturing method and the correspondingly manufactured component, and vice versa.
- the term "and/or" when used in a series of two or more items means that each of the listed items can be used alone, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be used .
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an additively manufactured component structure and a device for carrying out the method described here.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic flow chart indicating method steps according to the invention.
- Additive manufacturing of the component structure preferably relates to the methods just mentioned. Accordingly, a component structure 10 as described in FIG. 1 can be manufactured in an LPBF system (not explicitly identified in the figures). Alternatively, the system can also relate to a system for electron beam melting.
- a corresponding production plant usually has a construction platform on which the component 10 is irradiated in layers by selectively irradiating a powder in a powder bed.
- the powder is distributed in layers on the construction platform by a coating device.
- each powder layer After the application of each powder layer, according to the predetermined geometry of the component 10, selective regions of the layer are melted with an energy beam, for example a laser or electron beam, from an irradiation device and then solidified.
- an energy beam for example a laser or electron beam
- the construction platform is preferably lowered by an amount corresponding to the layer thickness L.
- the thickness is usually only between 20 and 40 gm, so that the whole process easily involves the selective irradiation of can range from thousands to tens of thousands of layers.
- the component 10 described here can, in particular, be a component of a turbomachine, for example a component for the hot gas path of a gas turbine.
- the component can be a blade or vane, a ring segment, a combustion chamber or a burner part, such as a burner tip, a skirt, a shield, a heat shield, a nozzle, a seal, a filter, an orifice or lance, a Designate a resonator, a stamp or a swirler, or a corresponding transition, a set, or a corresponding aftermarket part.
- the component 10 is preferably produced additively and from a (precipitation-hardenable) superalloy and/or nickel- or cobalt-based alloy, particularly preferably from a conventionally or regularly non-weldable alloy (additive).
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a device 100 for carrying out the method for surface treatment described here.
- the device 100 comprises in particular a device 101 and a medium 102 for applying an energy or pressure pulse or a corresponding pressure wave, as well as a forming tool or forming die identified by the reference number 103 .
- the component structure 10 that is identified in Figure 1 and is produced additively can be produced by the device 100 as uniformly, isotropically and/or homogeneously as possible with the said pulse (cf. arrow between the device for generating the pulse 101 and the component structure 10 in Figure 1 ) be applied, whereby residual tensile stresses in surface areas of the structure can be effectively reduced.
- the treatment described can even induce compressive stresses in the surface areas, which further significantly reduce or even completely prevent the SAC tendency to crack.
- the impulse 1 can also be used particularly advantageously only on the surface areas or in a locally limited manner for forming the component structure, with plastic deformation of the structure as a whole also being able to be avoided, for example.
- the uniform effect of the pulse can preferably be effected via the medium 102, which medium can preferably be an active medium such as water and/or oil.
- the active medium 102 mentioned is expediently in direct contact with surface areas or surfaces of the component structure 10 when the surface treatment is used.
- the active medium 102 is expediently not, quasi-incompressible or hardly compressible in order to efficiently also transmit a mechanical impulse or to bring about a densification of the component structure at least in the surface areas. Chen in the surface areas can be all near-surface areas, ie inner Surfaces 12 and outer surfaces 13 of the component or particularly filigree areas 11 or edge areas of the component 10 act.
- FIG. 1 also shows that the component has a cavity 14, for example a functional hollow space or a cooling channel, the inner surfaces 12 of which can therefore also be reliably modified by the method described, and a tensile stress state that triggers SAC can thus be efficiently counteracted can.
- a cavity 14 for example a functional hollow space or a cooling channel
- the pulse 1 is preferably not or not exclusively of a thermal nature.
- a pure heat treatment cannot solve the problem addressed by the invention; although heat treatment may be required for further or general stress relaxation, as well as for precipitation hardening (component and material dependent).
- the pulse 1 or a corresponding pressure wave can be applied according to the inventions, for example, by a hydro-Ipul transformation.
- the device 101 and the corresponding active medium 102 are preferably specially designed for this type of forming.
- Electrodynamic or electromagnetic conversion conversion by magnetic pressure pulse
- conversion by magnetic pressure pulse can also be applied by way of the described invention.
- an impulse strength of the applied impulse 1 preferably corresponds to an Almen intensity of more than 0.1 or 0.14 mmA. If, after the powder bed-based additive build-up of the component structure 10, depowdering or removal of powder residues in the cavity 14 is still required, the surface shaping described is preferably carried out after this depowdering, but at the same time before a subsequent heat treatment for the above-mentioned purposes.
- FIG. 2 also uses a schematic flow chart to indicate a process step according to the invention for the production or completion of a component made of a high-performance alloy.
- the method described includes (a) the additive construction of the component structure 1 by a powder bed method, such as selective laser melting or electron beam melting.
- method step aa) describes an optional method step of depowdering, which—depending on the geometry of the component—can be dispensable.
- the method also includes, in (b), that the structure 10 is subjected to an impulse 1, as described above, where a tendency of the structure to crack, in particular by so-called “strain age cracking", is reduced, and in (c) ei ne heat treatment of the structure, which may be required for the purposes described above.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021207722.6A DE102021207722A1 (de) | 2021-07-20 | 2021-07-20 | Oberflächenumformung für additiv hergestellte Strukturen |
| PCT/EP2022/067635 WO2023001500A1 (de) | 2021-07-20 | 2022-06-28 | Oberflächenumformung für additiv hergestellte strukturen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4334059A1 true EP4334059A1 (de) | 2024-03-13 |
Family
ID=82492712
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22740806.9A Pending EP4334059A1 (de) | 2021-07-20 | 2022-06-28 | Oberflächenumformung für additiv hergestellte strukturen |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4334059A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN117677456A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021207722A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023001500A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004174630A (ja) * | 2002-11-26 | 2004-06-24 | Niigata Tlo:Kk | 超音波照射による残留引張応力除去と圧縮応力付与方法及びその装置 |
| JP2005254367A (ja) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-09-22 | Toshiba Corp | ピーニング処理方法およびピーニング装置 |
| CN201605303U (zh) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-10-13 | 贵州大学 | 可变频电磁脉冲去应力装置 |
| EP2868422A1 (de) | 2013-10-29 | 2015-05-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils sowie optische Bestrahlungsvorrichtung |
| US9889539B1 (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2018-02-13 | General Electric Company | Converting residual surface stress in internal opening of additively manufactured component |
| DE102019207553A1 (de) | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Herstellungsverfahren mit additivem Herstellen eines Formkörpers, Herstellung einer Form und Wärmebehandlung |
| CN110317944B (zh) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-07-13 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | 残余应力消除装置 |
| DE102020100651A1 (de) | 2020-01-14 | 2021-07-15 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils, insbesondere eines Fahrzeugbauteils |
| CN112935256B (zh) * | 2021-01-26 | 2023-02-17 | 成都昆吾科技有限公司 | 基于脉冲磁场的非铁磁性粉末烧结金属零部件的改性方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-07-20 DE DE102021207722.6A patent/DE102021207722A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2022
- 2022-06-28 WO PCT/EP2022/067635 patent/WO2023001500A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-06-28 EP EP22740806.9A patent/EP4334059A1/de active Pending
- 2022-06-28 CN CN202280050670.7A patent/CN117677456A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102021207722A1 (de) | 2023-01-26 |
| WO2023001500A1 (de) | 2023-01-26 |
| CN117677456A (zh) | 2024-03-08 |
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