Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
  • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
  • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
  • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
  • B32B17/10211—Doped dielectric layer, electrically conductive, e.g. SnO2:F
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
  • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
  • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
  • B32B17/10229—Metallic layers sandwiched by dielectric layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
  • B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
  • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
  • B32B17/10513—Electrochromic layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
  • B32B17/10605—Type of plasticiser
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
  • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
  • B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10935—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin as a preformed layer, e.g. formed by extrusion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
  • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
  • B32B27/22—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using plasticisers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
  • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
  • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
  • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
  • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/14—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts, e.g. denser near its faces
  • B32B5/142—Variation across the area of the layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
  • B32B7/023—Optical properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
  • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
  • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
  • B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
  • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
  • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
  • B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
  • B32B2255/28—Multiple coating on one surface
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
  • B32B2307/202—Conductive
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
  • B32B2307/402—Coloured
  • B32B2307/4023—Coloured on the layer surface, e.g. ink
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
  • B32B2307/402—Coloured
  • B32B2307/4026—Coloured within the layer by addition of a colorant, e.g. pigments, dyes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
  • B32B2307/41—Opaque
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
  • B32B2307/412—Transparent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
  • B32B2307/414—Translucent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
  • B32B2307/416—Reflective
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
  • B32B2307/538—Roughness
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
  • B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
  • B32B2605/08—Cars
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
  • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
  • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
  • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
  • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
  • G02B2027/0192—Supplementary details
  • G02B2027/0194—Supplementary details with combiner of laminated type, for optical or mechanical aspects

Definitions

• the invention relates to a composite pane, a method for its production, its use and a projection arrangement.
• Head-Up Displays are commonly used in vehicles and airplanes today.
• a HUD works by using an imaging unit that uses an optics module and a projection surface to project an image that the driver perceives as a virtual image. If this image is reflected, for example, on the vehicle windshield as a projection surface, important information can be displayed for the user, which significantly improves road safety.
• Vehicle windshields usually consist of two panes of glass which are laminated to one another via at least one thermoplastic film.
• the HUD described above has a problem that the projected image is reflected on both surfaces of the windshield.
• the driver not only perceives the desired main image, which is caused by the reflection on the interior surface of the windshield (primary reflection).
• the driver also perceives a slightly offset secondary image, which is usually of weaker intensity, which is caused by the reflection on the outside surface of the windshield (secondary reflection).
• This problem is commonly solved by arranging the reflective surfaces at a deliberately selected angle to one another, so that the main image and sub-image are superimposed, so that the sub-image is no longer distracting.
• the radiation of the HUD projector is typically substantially s-polarized. This has to do with the better reflection characteristics of the windshield for s-polarized light compared to p-polarized light.
• the driver wears polarization-selective sunglasses that only transmit p-polarized light, he or she can hardly see the HUD image or not at all.
• a solution to the problem in this context is therefore the use of projection arrangements which use p-polarized light.
• DE 102014220189A1 discloses a HUD projection arrangement which is operated with p-polarized radiation in order to generate a HUD image.
• the windshield Since the angle of incidence is typically close to Brewster's angle and p-polarized radiation is therefore reflected only to a small extent by the glass surfaces, the windshield has a reflective structure that can reflect p-polarized radiation in the direction of the driver.
• US 2004/0135742A1 also discloses a HUD projection arrangement which is operated with p-polarized radiation in order to generate an HUD image and has a reflective structure which can reflect p-polarized radiation in the direction of the driver.
• the multilayer polymer layers disclosed in WO 96/19347A3 are proposed as the reflective structure.
• WO2017030654A1 discloses a combiner head-up display with an optically switchable functional element. The optically switchable functional element partially overlaps a polarization-selective reflection layer.
• a projection arrangement based on HUD technology care must also be taken that the projected image can be easily recognized by the viewer. Sufficient visual perceptibility of information that is particularly relevant to safety, such as lane assistance, speedometer or engine speed, should be guaranteed in all weather and light conditions. It would be desirable to have a projection arrangement based on head-up display technology in which no unwanted secondary images occur and whose arrangement can be implemented relatively easily with good visibility and sufficient brightness and contrast of the displayed image information. In addition, the energy consumption should be relatively low and the projection arrangement should also be recognizable with sunglasses with polarizing glasses. Furthermore, the projection arrangement should be simple and inexpensive to produce.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved composite pane for projection arrangements.
• the object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a projection arrangement according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
• a composite pane which is intended in particular for a projection arrangement.
• the laminated pane comprises at least: an outer pane, an inner pane and one between the outer and
• Inner pane arranged thermoplastic intermediate layer, an electrochromic functional element, which is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane and a partially translucent reflective layer.
• the reflection layer is suitable for reflecting light.
• the reflective layer is arranged spatially in front of the electrochromic functional element in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane and overlaps with the electrochromic functional element at least in one area.
• the outer and inner panes each have an outside and an inside, and the inside of the outer pane and the outside of the inner pane face each other.
• the reflection layer can be arranged on the inside or the outside of the inner pane.
• the electrochromic functional element can be arranged on the inside of the outer pane or on the outside of the inner pane.
• the reflection layer and the electrochromic functional element can also be arranged on the same outside of the inner pane or the inside of the outer pane.
• the reflection layer can have sections that do not overlap with the electrochromic functional element.
• the “viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane” means the viewing direction in the orthogonal direction from the plane of the inner pane to the outer pane.
• the reflective layer is partially translucent, which in the context of the invention preferably means that it has an average transmission (according to ISO 9050:2003) in the visible spectral range of preferably at least 60%, particularly preferably at least 70% and in particular less than 85% and thereby View through the pane is not significantly restricted.
• the reflective layer preferably reflects at least 15%, particularly preferably at least 20%, very particularly preferably at least 30% of the light impinging on the reflective layer.
• the reflective layer is intended to To reflect light of an image display device.
• the light reflected by the reflection layer is preferably visible light, i.e. light in a wavelength range from approx. 380 nm to 780 nm.
• the reflection layer preferably has a high and uniform degree of reflection (over different angles of incidence) compared to p-polarized and/or s-polarized radiation on, so that a high-intensity and color-neutral image display is guaranteed.
• the degree of reflection describes the proportion of the total radiation (light) that is reflected. It is given in % (relative to 100% incident radiation) or as a unitless number from 0 to 1 (normalized to the incident radiation). Plotted as a function of the wavelength, it forms the reflection spectrum.
• the information on the reflection of light relates to a reflection measurement with a light source A, which emits in the spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm with a normalized radiation intensity of 100%.
• the portion of the radiation reflected by the reflection layer is measured, for example using a photo light spectrometer (for example from Perkin Elmer) and set in relation to the radiation intensity of the light source A.
• An electrochromic functional element which is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane means within the meaning of the invention that the electrochromic functional element can be arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer, on the inside of the outer pane or on the outside of the inner pane.
• the reflective layer overlaps in some areas or completely with the electrochromic functional element. For this reason, a good image representation results with high contrast to the electrochromic functional element that is set to be opaque, so that it appears bright and is therefore also excellently recognizable.
• the electrochromic functional element can also be set to be transparent.
• the transparency of the electrochromic functional element makes it possible to see through the laminated pane while at the same time reflecting light that hits the reflective layer.
• the composite pane thus offers the possibility between one high-contrast image with an opaque electrochromic functional element and the application similar to a head-up display with a transparent functional element. It is thus possible to switch between a high-contrast image reflection and an unobstructed view of the road through the windshield when the laminated pane is installed in a vehicle as a windshield.
• thermoplastic intermediate layer - reflective layer - inner pane
• thermoplastic intermediate layer - inner pane - reflective layer
• thermoplastic intermediate layer means, within the meaning of the invention, that the electrochromic functional element is within the thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged. This also applies to this arrangement with the reflection layer instead of the electrochromic functional element.
• the layer sequences listed can be implemented in a particularly practical manner and are therefore preferred.
• thermoplastic intermediate layer If something is “arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer”, this means within the meaning of the invention that something is arranged between at least two thermoplastic composite films. Alternatively, it can also be introduced into the thermoplastic intermediate layer by means of pressure, and preferably by means of heat. This achieves the great advantage that no explicit cavity has to be provided between the thermoplastic films. Placing between two thermoplastic films or pressing into a thermoplastic film are fast and efficient ways of incorporation.
• the laminated pane is intended to separate an interior space from an exterior environment.
• the inside of the inner pane faces the interior and the outside of the outer pane faces the outside environment.
• the reflective layer is arranged spatially in front of the electrochromic functional element in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane” means that the reflective layer is spatially closer to the interior than the electrochromic functional element.
• the reflective layer is therefore spatially arranged in front of the electrochromic functional element when looking through the laminated pane from the interior.
• the outer pane and the inner pane preferably have two opposite side edges and an upper edge and a lower edge. The upper edge is intended to be arranged in the installed position in the upper region, while the opposite lower edge is intended to be arranged in the installed position in the lower region.
• the electrochromic functional element is an element which has switchable or controllable optical properties.
• the transmission of light can be actively influenced by applying an electrical voltage.
• Installed in the laminated pane a user can, for example, switch the laminated pane from a transparent to a non-transparent state. Gradations between transparency and opacity (darkening) are also possible.
• “transparent” means that the total transmission of the laminated pane corresponds to the legal provisions for windscreens (e.g. corresponds to the guidelines of the European Union ECE-R43) and for visible light preferably has a transmission of more than 30% and in particular more than 60%, for example more than 70% (ISO 9050:2003).
• “opaque” means a light transmission of less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, particularly preferably less than 5% and in particular 0%.
• the electrochromic functional element is congruent with the reflection layer in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane. It is thus possible to obtain a full, high-contrast image when the light is reflected.
• the reflective layer can completely cover the electrochromic functional element. This structure simplifies the arrangement in the manufacturing process, since the reflective layer can simply be applied completely, for example, to the entire outside of the inner pane. It is also possible that light from a further image display device can also be reflected outside the overlapping area of the reflective layer and the electrochromic functional element, for example for use in a head-up display.
• the reflection layer extends over the inside of the outer pane by at least 50%, preferably at least 70% and in particular at least 90%. This has the advantage that a large area of the laminated pane is suitable for reflecting images. Since the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably arranged congruently, the reflection layer preferably also covers the outside and the inside of the inner pane in equal parts.
• the electrochromic functional element can be arranged in an edge area of the outer pane and the inner pane.
• the functional element preferably only extends over the edge area, particularly preferably over a maximum of 30% of the surface of the laminated pane. If the functional element is arranged in an edge area, then preferably in the vicinity of the lower edge or the upper edge of the laminated pane.
• the distance from the electrochromic functional element to an edge of the outer pane or the inner pane is preferably 0.1 to 30 cm, particularly preferably 1 to 15 cm and in particular 5 to 10 cm.
• the arrangement of the electrochromic functional element in an edge area is particularly useful since the see-through area is different for many possible uses of composite panes usually located in a central area of the laminated pane.
• the arrangement of the electrochromic functional element in an edge region is particularly preferred if the laminated pane is designed as a windshield.
• the see-through area of a windscreen must meet certain transparency requirements.
• An electrochromic functional element that is switched to be darkened generally does not meet these requirements. Thus, even when the electrochromic functional element is activated and the degree of transmission in the region of the electrochromic functional element is reduced as a result, the view through is not impaired.
• the composite pane according to the invention is preferably not a combiner screen and/or combiner HUD.
• Suitable electrochromic functional elements which the laminated pane according to the invention can have are known to the person skilled in the art. These can be structured, for example, as disclosed in US Pat.
• the electrochromic functional element preferably includes in the following order:
• the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode are intended to be electrically connected to a voltage source. All of the layers mentioned are preferably firmly connected to one another. All of the layers mentioned are preferably arranged congruently with one another.
• the working electrode and the counter-electrode are capable of reversibly storing charges.
• the oxidation states of the working electrode in the stored and stored state differ in their coloring, with one of these states being transparent.
• the storage reaction can be controlled via the externally applied potential difference.
• the opaque color of the electrochromic functional element which can be set via the electrical potential, is preferably set in a color range from blue to black, in particular the adjustable color is black.
• the electric potential area for changing between opacity and transparency of the electrochromic functional element is preferably 0 V to 7 V and particularly preferably 0.5 V to 5 V.
• the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode are preferably transparent and electrically conductive. They preferably contain at least one metal, one metal alloy or one transparent conducting oxide (transparent conducting oxide, TCO).
• the first flat electrode and the second flat electrode particularly preferably contain silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum and/or a transparent conductive oxide, preferably indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (Sn0 2 :F ), antimony-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, boron-doped zinc oxide, or gallium-doped zinc oxide.
• ITO indium tin oxide
• Sn0 2 :F fluorine-doped tin oxide
• antimony-doped tin oxide aluminum-doped zinc oxide
• boron-doped zinc oxide boron-doped zinc oxide
• gallium-doped zinc oxide preferably indium tin
• first surface electrode and/or the second surface electrode are based on a metal, they preferably have a total layer thickness of 1 nm to 50 nm, preferably 2 nm to 30 nm, particularly preferably 3 nm to 15 nm. If the first surface electrode and/or the second surface electrode is based on a transparent conductive oxide, they preferably have a total thickness of 20 nm to 2 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 50 nm to 1 ⁇ m, very particularly preferably 100 nm to 600 nm and in particular from 300 nm to 500 nm. This achieves advantageous electrical contacting of the working electrode and counterelectrode and good horizontal conductivity of the layers.
• something is designed “on the basis” of a material, then it mainly consists of this material, in particular essentially of this material in addition to any impurities or dopings.
• the total layer resistance of the first flat electrode and the second flat electrode is preferably 0.01 ohms/square to 100 ohms/square, particularly preferably ohms/square to 20 ohms/square, very particularly preferably 0.5 ohms/square to 5 ohms/square .
• a sufficiently large current flow between the electrodes of the electrochromic functional element is ensured, which enables optimal functioning of the working electrode and counter-electrode.
• the working electrode can be based on an inorganic or organic material.
• the working electrode is preferably based on tungsten oxide however, it can also be formed on the basis of molybdenum, titanium or niobium oxide and mixtures thereof.
• the working electrode can also be based on polypyrrole, PEDOT (poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), and polyaniline and mixtures thereof.
• the counter-electrode can be formed, for example, on the basis of titanium oxide, cerium oxide, iron(II) hexacyanidoferrate(II/II) (Fe Fe(CN) 6 ] 3 ) and nickel oxide, as well as mixtures thereof.
• the electrolyte is ionically conductive and may be based on a layer of hydrated tantalum oxide and a layer of hydrated antimony oxide. Alternatively, the electrolyte can also be based on a polymer that contains lithium ions or be based on tantalum(V) oxide and/or zirconium(IV) oxide.
• the electrochromic functional element contains no electrolyte, with the working electrode itself functioning as the electrolyte.
• the working electrode itself functioning as the electrolyte.
• tungsten oxide can assume the function of an electrolyte.
• the electrochromic functional element also includes a first film and a second film.
• the first surface electrode is arranged on the first foil with a surface facing away from the working electrode, and the second surface electrode is arranged on the second foil with a surface facing away from the counter-electrode.
• the first film and/or the second film are preferably transparent.
• the first film and/or the second film are preferably based on polyethylene terephthalate.
• the total layer thickness of the electrochromic functional element is preferably from 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm for this embodiment.
• the outer pane and inner pane preferably contain or consist of glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, alumino-silicate glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate , polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.
• glass particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, alumino-silicate glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate , polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and/or mixtures thereof.
• the outer pane and inner pane can have other suitable coatings known per se, for example anti-reflective coatings, Non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings or solar control coatings or low-e coatings.
• the thickness of the individual panes can vary widely and be adapted to the requirements of the individual case.
• Discs with standard thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 5 mm and preferably 1.0 mm to 2.5 mm are preferably used.
• the size of the discs can vary widely and depends on the use.
• the composite pane can have any three-dimensional shape.
• the outer pane and inner pane preferably have no shadow zones, so that they can be coated by cathode sputtering, for example.
• the outer pane and inner pane are preferably flat or slightly or strongly curved in one direction or in several spatial directions.
• the thermoplastic intermediate layer contains or consists of at least one thermoplastic, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyurethane (PU) or copolymers or derivatives thereof, optionally in combination with polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
• the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be, for example, polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, or a copolymer or mixture thereof.
• the thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably designed as at least one thermoplastic composite film and contains or consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and additives known to those skilled in the art, such as plasticizers.
• the thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably contains at least one plasticizer.
• Plasticizers are chemical compounds that make plastics softer, more flexible, more supple and/or more elastic. They shift the thermoelastic range of plastics to lower temperatures so that the plastics have the desired more elastic properties in the operating temperature range.
• Preferred plasticizers are carboxylic acid esters, especially low-volatility carboxylic acid esters, fats, oils, soft resins and camphor.
• Other plasticizers are preferably aliphatic Diesters of tri- or tetraethylene glycol. Particular preference is given to using 3G7, 3G8 or 4G7 as plasticizers, the first digit denoting the number of ethylene glycol units and the last digit denoting the number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid part of the compound.
• 3G8 stands for triethylene glycol bis-(2-ethylhexanoate), ie for a compound of the formula C 4 H 9 CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) CO (0CH 2 CH 2 ) 3 0 2 CCH (CH 2 CH 3 ) C 4 H9 .
• the thermoplastic intermediate layer based on PVB preferably contains at least 3% by weight, preferably at least 5% by weight, particularly preferably at least 20% by weight, even more preferably at least 30% by weight and in particular at least 35% by weight a plasticizer.
• the plasticizer contains or consists, for example, of triethylene glycol bis-(2-ethylhexanoate).
• the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by a single composite film or by more than one composite film.
• the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by one or more thermoplastic composite films arranged one on top of the other, the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably being from 0.25 mm to 1 mm, typically 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
• the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be a functional thermoplastic intermediate layer, in particular an intermediate layer with acoustically damping properties, an intermediate layer reflecting infrared radiation, an intermediate layer absorbing infrared radiation and/or an intermediate layer absorbing UV (ultraviolet) radiation.
• the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be a band filter film that blocks out narrow bands of visible light.
• the electrochromic functional element is preferably arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer. This arrangement has the advantage that the electrochromic functional element is better protected from external influences. In particular, if the thermoplastic intermediate layer has UV radiation absorbing properties, this is particularly advantageous.
• the electrochromic functional element can also be applied as a coating on the inside of the outer pane or the outside of the inner pane. This variant is particularly well suited when possible glass damage, which from Differences in thickness in different areas of the laminated pane should be avoided as far as possible.
• the light of the image display device is at least 80% and preferably at least 90% p-polarized.
• the reflection layer reflects preferably 15% or more, more preferably 20% or more, particularly 30% or more of a p-polarized light. In projection arrangements, p-polarized light leads to fewer double images if the light has to transmit through glass.
• the light of the image display device is at least 80% and preferably at least 90% s-polarized.
• the reflection layer preferably reflects 15% or more, more preferably 20% or more, particularly 30% of an s-polarized light.
• the light emanating from the image display device is preferably visible light, i.e. light in a wavelength range of approximately 380 nm to 780 nm.
• the specification of the direction of polarization refers to the plane of incidence of the radiation on the laminated pane.
• P-polarized radiation is radiation whose electric field oscillates in the plane of incidence.
• S-polarized radiation is radiation whose electric field oscillates perpendicular to the plane of incidence.
• the plane of incidence is spanned by the incidence vector and the surface normal of the laminated pane in the geometric center of the irradiated area.
• the polarization ie in particular the proportion of p- and s-polarized radiation, is determined at a point in the area irradiated by the image display device, preferably in the geometric center of the irradiated area. Since composite panes can be curved (for example when they are designed as windshields), which affects the plane of incidence of the image display device radiation, slightly different polarization components can occur in the other areas, which is unavoidable for physical reasons.
• the reflection layer preferably comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, tin, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold or mixed alloys thereof.
• the reflection layer particularly preferably contains aluminum or a nickel-chromium alloy.
• the reflection layer consists of aluminum or a nickel-chromium alloy.
• Aluminum and nickel-chromium alloys have a particularly high reflection of visible light.
• the reflection layer is a coating containing a thin layer stack, ie a layer sequence of thin individual layers.
• This thin layer stack contains one or more electrically conductive layers based on silver.
• the electrically conductive layer based on silver gives the reflective coating the basic reflective properties and also an IR-reflecting effect and electrical conductivity.
• the electrically conductive layer is based on silver.
• the conductive layer preferably contains at least 90% by weight silver, particularly preferably at least 99% by weight silver, very particularly preferably at least 99.9% by weight silver.
• the silver layer can have dopings, for example palladium, gold, copper or aluminum.
• Silver-based materials are particularly suitable for reflecting light, particularly preferably p-polarized light. The use of silver in reflective layers has proven to be particularly advantageous when reflecting light.
• the coating has a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m and preferably 8 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
• the reflective layer can also be designed as a reflective coated or uncoated film that reflects light, preferably p-polarized light.
• the reflective layer can be a carrier film with a reflective coating or an uncoated reflective polymer film.
• the reflective coating preferably comprises at least one metal-based layer and/or a dielectric layer sequence with alternating refractive indices.
• the metal-based layer preferably contains or consists of silver and/or aluminum.
• the dielectric layers can, for example, be based on silicon nitride, zinc oxide, tin-zinc oxide, silicon-metal mixed nitrides such as silicon-zirconium nitride, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, tungsten oxide or silicon carbide.
• the oxides and nitrides mentioned can be deposited stoichiometrically, under-stoichiometrically or over-stoichiometrically. You can have dopings, such as aluminum, zirconium, titanium or boron.
• the reflective uncoated polymer film preferably comprises or consists of dielectric polymer layers.
• the dielectric polymer layers preferably contain PET. If the reflective layer is in the form of a reflective film, it is preferably from 30 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 50 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m and in particular from 100 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m thick.
• the reflection layer is designed as a coating, it is preferably applied by physical vapor deposition (PVD), particularly preferably by cathode sputtering (“sputtering”) and very particularly preferably by magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering (“magnetron sputtering”) onto the inner pane, the electrochromic functional element or the applied outer pane.
• PVD physical vapor deposition
• the coating can also be applied, for example, by means of chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma-enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD), by vapor deposition or by atomic layer deposition (ALD).
• CVD chemical vapor deposition
• PECVD plasma-enhanced vapor deposition
• ALD atomic layer deposition
• the coating is preferably applied to the panes before lamination.
• the reflection layer is arranged on the outside of the inner pane and a further reflection layer is additionally arranged on the inside of the inner pane.
• the reflection layer and the further reflection layer are arranged congruently in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane.
• the further reflection layer can consist of the same materials and have the same structure as the reflection layer can. The overall reflection of light can be improved by coating the outside and inside of the inner pane.
• the coating methods vapor deposition or sputtering methods
• CVD or PVD can also be used for production.
• the reflective layer is designed as a reflective, coated carrier film or uncoated polymer film and is arranged within the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
• the advantage of this arrangement is that the reflection layer does not have to be applied to the outer pane, the electrochromic functional element or the inner pane using thin-layer technology (for example CVD and PVD). From here This results in uses of the reflective layer with further advantageous functions such as more homogeneous reflection of the light on the reflective layer.
• the production of the laminated pane can be simplified, since the reflection layer does not have to be arranged on the outer or inner pane by an additional method before lamination.
• the reflective layer is a reflective film that is metal-free and reflects visible light rays, preferably with p-polarization.
• the reflective layer is a film that works on the basis of synergistically acting prisms and reflective polarizers. Such films for use with reflective layers are commercially available, for example from 3M Company.
• the reflection layer is a holographic optical element (HOE).
• HOE holographic optical element
• the term HOE means elements based on the functional principle of holography. HOE change light in the beam path due to the information stored in the hologram, usually as a change in the refractive index. Their function is based on the superimposition of different plane or spherical light waves, whose interference pattern causes the desired optical effect. HOE are already being used in the transport sector, for example in head-up displays.
• the advantage of using an HOE compared to simply reflecting layers results from greater geometric design freedom with regard to the arrangement of the eye and projector positions and the respective angles of inclination, e.g. of projector and reflecting layer. Furthermore, with this variant, double images are particularly greatly reduced or even prevented.
• HOE are suitable for displaying real images or virtual images in different image widths.
• the geometric angle of the reflection can be adjusted with the HOE so that, for example, when used in a vehicle, the information transmitted to the driver can be displayed very well from the desired viewing angle.
• the properties of the reflected light can be improved by the reflection layer compared to a mere reflection of the light on the pane.
• the proportion of reflected p-polarized light is preferably high, with the reflectivity of light being approximately 30%, for example.
• the laminated pane according to the invention can additionally comprise a first masking strip, in particular made of a dark, preferably black, enamel.
• the first masking strip is in particular a peripheral, ie frame-like, masking print.
• the peripheral, first masking strip serves primarily as UV protection for the assembly adhesive of the laminated pane.
• the first masking strip can be designed to be opaque and to cover the entire surface.
• the first masking strip can also be semi-transparent, at least in sections, for example in the form of a dot grid, stripe grid or checkered grid.
• the first masking strip can also have a gradient, for example from an opaque covering to a semi-transparent covering.
• the first masking strip is preferably printed onto the outer pane, in particular using the screen printing method.
• the printing ink is printed through a fine-meshed fabric onto the glass pane.
• the printing ink is pressed through the fabric with a rubber squeegee, for example.
• the fabric has areas that are ink permeable alongside areas that are ink impermeable, thereby defining the geometric shape of the print.
• the fabric thus acts as a template for the print.
• the ink contains at least one pigment and glass frits suspended in a liquid phase (solvent), for example water or organic solvents such as alcohols.
• the pigment is typically a black pigment such as carbon black, aniline black, bone black, iron oxide black, spinel black and/or graphite.
• the glass pane is subjected to a temperature treatment, during which the liquid phase is expelled by evaporation and the glass frits are melted and permanently bonded to the glass surface.
• the thermal treatment is typically performed at temperatures in the range of 450°C to 700°C.
• the pigment remains in the glass matrix formed by the melted glass frit as a masking strip.
• the first masking strip is an opaque, i.e. colored or pigmented, preferably black-pigmented, thermoplastic composite film, which is preferably based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), preferably PVB.
• the coloring or pigmentation of the composite film can be freely selected, but black is preferred.
• the colored or pigmented composite film is preferably arranged between the outer pane and inner pane and particularly preferably on the inside of the outer pane.
• the colored or pigmented thermoplastic composite film preferably has a thickness of 0.25 mm to 1 mm.
• further masking strips can be present, which, regardless of the configuration of the first masking strip, can be composed of the same materials and the same structure as the first masking strip.
• the first masking strip is arranged on the inside of the outer pane and at least one further masking strip is additionally arranged on the outside of the inner pane and/or on the inside of the inner pane.
• the further masking strip is used to improve adhesion of the outer pane and inner pane and is preferably mixed with ceramic particles that give the masking strip a rough and adhesive surface, which on the inside of the inner pane, for example, supports the bonding of the laminated pane into the vehicle body. On the outside of the inner pane, this supports the lamination of the two individual panes of the composite pane.
• a further masking strip applied to the inside of the inner pane can also be provided for aesthetic reasons, for example in order to conceal the edge of the reflection layer or to shape the edge of the transition to the transparent area.
• the first and further masking strips preferably have a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 8 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
• a high-index coating is arranged on all or on a region of the inside of the inner pane.
• the high-index coating is preferably applied in direct spatial contact with the inside of the inner pane.
• one or more layers to be arranged between the high-index coating and the inner pane (for example a further reflection layer).
• the high-index coating is arranged at least in an area on the inside of the inner pane, which completely overlaps the reflection layer when viewed through the laminated pane.
• the reflection layer is therefore arranged spatially closer to the outside of the outer pane, but spatially further away from the inside of the inner pane than the high-index coating. This means that the light with preferably one majority of p-polarized light projected from the image display device onto the reflective layer passes through the high refractive index coating before impinging on the reflective layer.
• the high-index coating is arranged at least on a region of the inside of the inner pane or the further reflection layer, which completely covers the reflection layer.
• the high-index coating has a refractive index of at least 1.7, particularly preferably at least 1.9, very particularly preferably at least 2.0.
• the increase in the refractive index brings about a high refractive index effect.
• the high-refraction coating causes a weakening of the reflection of light and in particular p-polarized light on the interior-side surface of the inner pane, so that the desired reflection of the reflective coating appears with higher contrast.
• the effect is based on the increase in the refractive index of the interior-side surface as a result of the high-index coating.
• the high-index coating with the high refractive index leads to an increase in the effective refractive index of the glass surface and thus to a shift in the Brewster angle to larger values compared to an uncoated glass surface.
• the difference between the angle of incidence and the Brewster angle is smaller, so that the reflection of the p-polarized light on the inside of the inner pane is suppressed and the ghost image generated as a result is weakened.
• the high-index coating is preferably formed from a single layer and has no further layers below or above this layer.
• a single layer is sufficient to achieve a good effect and technically simpler than applying a stack of layers.
• the high-index coating but also include several individual layers, which can be desired in individual cases to optimize certain parameters.
• refractive indices are preferably given in relation to a wavelength of 550 nm. Methods for determining refractive indices are known to those skilled in the art.
• the refractive indices specified within the scope of the invention can be determined, for example, by means of ellipsometry, with commercially available ellipsometers being able to be used (measuring device, for example, from Sentech). Unless otherwise stated, the specification of layer thicknesses or thicknesses relates to the geometric thickness of a layer.
• Suitable materials for the high-index coating are silicon nitride (S13N4), a silicon-metal mixed nitride (e.g. silicon zirconium nitride (SiZrN), silicon-aluminum mixed nitride, silicon-hafnium mixed nitride or silicon-titanium mixed nitride), aluminum nitride, tin oxide, manganese oxide, tungsten oxide, niobium oxide, bismuth oxide, titanium oxide, tin-zinc composite oxide and zirconium oxide.
• silicon nitride Si13N4
• SiZrN silicon-metal mixed nitride
• silicon-aluminum mixed nitride silicon-aluminum mixed nitride
• silicon-hafnium mixed nitride or silicon-titanium mixed nitride silicon-titanium mixed nitride
• aluminum nitride tin oxide
• transition metal oxides such as scandium oxide, yttrium oxide, tantalum oxide
• lanthanide oxides such as lanthanum oxide or cerium oxide
• the high-index coating preferably contains one or more of these materials or is based on them.
• the high-index coating can be applied by a physical or chemical vapor deposition, ie a PVD or CVD coating (PVD: physical vapor deposition, CVD: chemical vapor deposition).
• Suitable materials on the basis of which the coating is preferably formed are in particular silicon nitride, a silicon-metal mixed nitride (for example silicon zirconium nitride, silicon-aluminum mixed nitride, silicon-hafnium mixed nitride or silicon-titanium mixed nitride), aluminum nitride, tin oxide, manganese oxide , tungsten oxide, niobium oxide, bismuth oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, zirconium nitride or tin-zinc mixed oxide.
• the high-index coating is preferably a coating applied by cathode sputtering (“sputtered”), in particular a coating applied by cathode sputtering with the assistance of
• the high refractive index coating is a sol-gel coating.
• a sol containing the precursors of the coating is first prepared and matured. Ripening may involve hydrolysis of the precursors and/or a (partial) reaction between the precursors.
• the precursors are usually present in a solvent, preferably water, alcohol (especially ethanol) or a water-alcohol mixture.
• the sol preferably contains silicon oxide precursors in a solvent.
• the precursors are preferably silanes, in particular tetraethoxysilanes or methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS).
• MTEOS methyltriethoxysilane
• silicates can also be used as precursors, in particular sodium, lithium or potassium silicates, for example tetramethyl orthosilicate, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS),
• R1 is preferably an alkyl group
• R2 is an alkyl, epoxy, acrylate, methacrylate, amine, phenyl or vinyl group
• n is an integer from 0 to 2.
• Silicon halides or alkoxides can also be used.
• the silica precursors result in a sol-gel coating of silica.
• refractive index increasing additives are added to the sol, preferably titanium oxide and/or zirconium oxide, or their precursors.
• the refractive index enhancing additives are present in a silicon oxide matrix.
• the molar ratio of silicon oxide to additives that increase the refractive index can be freely selected depending on the desired refractive index and is, for example, around 1:1.
• the high-index coating can also be applied to the reflective layer or the further reflective layer. This arrangement is particularly useful if the reflection layer is arranged on the outside of the inner pane and the further reflection layer is arranged on the inside of the inner pane.
• the high-index coating improves the overall reflection of light in the reflective layer and the further reflective layer.
• the invention extends further to a projection arrangement which comprises a composite pane according to the invention and an image display device assigned to the reflection layer.
• the image display device comprises an image display directed towards the reflective layer, the image of which is reflected by the reflective layer and this then preferably leaves the laminated pane according to the invention via the inside of the inner pane, with at least that region of the reflective layer being irradiated by the image display device which overlaps with the electrochromic functional element is. If several reflective layers in their Extension are arranged offset from each other, a corresponding number of image display devices can be provided.
• the image display which can also be referred to as a display, as a liquid crystal (LCD) display, thin film transistor (TFT) display, light emitting diode (LED -) Display, Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display, Electroluminescent (EL) display, microLED display, a display based on light field technology or the like, preferably as an LCD display.
• LCD liquid crystal
• TFT thin film transistor
• LED - light emitting diode
• OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
• EL Electroluminescent
• microLED a display based on light field technology or the like, preferably as an LCD display. Due to the high reflection of p-polarized light, energy-intensive projectors, such as those usually used in head-up display applications, are not necessary. The display variants mentioned and other similarly energy-saving image display devices are sufficient. As a result, power consumption and heat radiation can be reduced.
• the invention also extends to a method for producing a composite pane according to the invention.
• the procedure comprises the following steps in the order given:
• thermoplastic intermediate layer (a) The outer pane, the thermoplastic intermediate layer, the electrochromic functional element, the reflection layer and the inner pane are arranged to form a stack of layers.
• thermoplastic intermediate layer and the electrochromic functional element are arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane.
• the reflective layer is arranged spatially in front of the electrochromic functional element in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane and overlaps with the electrochromic functional element at least in one area.
• the layer stack is laminated under the action of heat, vacuum and/or pressure, the individual layers being connected (laminated) to one another by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer.
• Methods known per se can be used to produce a laminated pane. For example, so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an increased pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130° C. to 145° C. for about 2 hours.
• Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods work, for example, at about 200 mbar and 130°C to 145°C.
• the outer pane, the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite pane.
• Plants of this type are known for the production of laminated panes and normally have at least one heating tunnel in front of a pressing plant.
• the temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40°C to 150°C.
• Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly useful in practice.
• vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more chambers that can be heated and evacuated, in which the outer pane and the inner pane can be laminated within, for example, about 60 minutes at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80°C to 170°C.
• the invention extends to the use of the composite pane according to the invention in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles, the composite pane being used, for example, as a windscreen, rear window, side windows and/or glass roof, preferably as a windscreen can be.
• the composite pane being used, for example, as a windscreen, rear window, side windows and/or glass roof, preferably as a windscreen can be.
• the use of the laminated pane as a vehicle windshield is preferred.
• the laminated pane according to the invention can also be used as a functional and/or decorative individual piece and as a built-in part in furniture, appliances and buildings.
• Figure 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 1a shows a cross-sectional view of a projection arrangement according to the invention with the composite pane from FIG.
• Figure 2 shows a further embodiment of the projection arrangement according to the invention in the cross-sectional view
• FIG. 3-8 enlarged cross-sectional views of different configurations of the projection arrangement according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows a top view of an embodiment of the laminated pane 1 in a vehicle in a highly simplified, schematic representation.
• FIG. 1a shows a cross-sectional view of the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 1 in the projection arrangement 100 according to the invention. The cross-sectional view of FIG.
• the laminated pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3 with a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 which is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane 2 , 3 .
• the laminated pane 1 is installed in a vehicle, for example, and separates a vehicle interior 13 from an external environment 14 .
• the laminated pane 1 is the windshield of a motor vehicle.
• the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are each made of glass, preferably thermally toughened soda-lime glass, and are transparent to visible light.
• the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 consists of a thermoplastic material, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and/or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
• PVB polyvinyl butyral
• EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• the outside I of the outer pane 2 faces away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and is at the same time the outer surface of the laminated pane 1.
• the inside II of the outer pane 2 and the outside III of the inner pane 3 each face the intermediate layer 4.
• the inside IV of the inner pane 3 faces away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and is at the same time the inside of the composite pane 1.
• the composite pane 1 can have any suitable geometric shape and/or curvature. As a composite pane 1, it typically has a convex curvature.
• the laminated pane 1 also has an upper edge located at the top in the installed position and a lower edge located at the bottom in the installed position, as well as two side edges located on the left and right.
• first masking strip 6 In an edge region 12 of the laminated pane 1, on the inside II of the outer pane 2, there is a frame-shaped, circumferential first masking strip 6.
• the first masking strip 6 is opaque and prevents the view of structures arranged on the inside of the laminated pane 1, for example a bead of adhesive for gluing in the laminated pane 1 a vehicle body.
• the first masking stripe 6 is preferably black.
• the first masking strip 6 consists of an electrically non-conductive material conventionally used for masking strips, for example a black-colored screen printing ink that is baked.
• the laminated pane 1 has a second masking strip 7 in the edge region 12 on the inside IV of the inner pane 3.
• FIG. The second masking strip 7 is designed in the form of a frame.
• the second masking strip 7 consists of an electrically non-conductive material conventionally used for masking strips, for example a black-colored screen printing ink that is baked.
• An electrochromic functional element 5 is arranged in some areas on the inside II of the outer pane 2 .
• the electrochromic functional element 5 is arranged within the frame formed by the first and second masking strips 6 , 7 .
• the electrochromic functional element 5 is therefore arranged in regions on the inside II of the outer pane 2 located within the frame formed.
• the electrochromic functional element 5 does not overlap with the first and second masking strips 6, 7, but it borders on the first masking strip 6 in the lower (motor-side) section 12' (closer to the lower edge than to the upper edge of the composite pane 1).
• Functional element 5 also borders on the section of the first masking strip 6 in some areas in the lower section.
• the masking strip runs along the left and the right side edge of the laminated pane 1.
• a reflection layer 10 is arranged congruently on the surface of the electrochromic functional element 5 which faces the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 . This means that the reflective layer 10 has no section that does not overlap with the electrochromic functional element 5 .
• the reflection layer 10 is vapor-deposited, for example, using the PVD method. Alternatively, the reflection layer 10 can also be applied to the electrochromic functional element 5 only in certain areas. The electrochromic functional element 5 and the reflection layer 10 do not overlap with the first and second masking strips 6, 7 when viewed through the laminated pane 1.
• the reflection layer 10 is, for example, a metal coating which contains at least one thin layer stack with at least one silver layer and one dielectric layer with a total layer thickness of 25 ⁇ m, for example.
• the reflective layer is partially translucent and visible light transmits, for example, 70% through the reflective layer.
• the electrochromic functional element 5 comprises, for example, a working electrode made of tungsten oxide, which is in spatial contact with a first surface electrode and an ion-conductive electrolyte.
• the electrochromic functional element 5 contains a counter-electrode which is based on nickel oxide, for example, and which is in contact with the ion-conductive electrolyte and with a second surface electrode.
• the working and counter electrodes can reversibly store cations.
• the surface electrodes are connected to a voltage source (not shown here).
• the surface electrodes are, for example, thin layers of an electrically conductive material that contain indium tin oxide.
• the ion-conductive electrolyte is constructed, for example, on the basis of a layer of hydrated tantalum oxide and a layer of hydrated antimony oxide.
• the total thickness of all layers of the electrochromic functional element 5 is 1 ⁇ m, for example. If an electrical voltage is applied to the electrochromic functional element 5, an electrochemical redox reaction takes place, in which the oxidation states of the working and counter electrodes change. In addition, cations are stored in the working electrode, as a result of which the coloring of the electrochromic functional element 5 changes.
• the electrochromic functional element 5 can be used between different stages of the Switch opacity and transparency.
• the electrochromic functional element 5 can thus also be opaque or transparent.
• the reflection layer 10 and the electrochromic functional element 5 are arranged in FIGS. 1 and 1a only in the lower (motor-side) section 12' of the edge region 12 of the laminated pane 1.
• the electrochromic functional element 5 with the reflective layer 10 in the upper (roof-side) section 12" or in a lateral section of the edge area 12.
• several electrochromic functional elements 5 with reflective layers 10 could be provided, for example in the lower (engine-side ) Section 12' and in the upper (roof-side) section 12'' of the edge area 12 are arranged. For example, they could be arranged to create a (partially) encircling image.
• the projection arrangement 100 also has an image display device 9 arranged in the dashboard 8 as an image generator.
• the image display device 9 is used to generate light 11 (image information), which is directed onto the reflective layer 10 and is reflected by the reflective layer 10 as reflected light 11' into the vehicle interior 13 by, for example, 25%. There, the light 1T can be seen by an observer, such as a driver.
• the reflection layer 10 is formed to reflect the light 11 of the image display device 9, i.e. an image of the image display device 9.
• the light 11 of the image display device 9 preferably strikes the laminated pane 1 at an angle of incidence of 50° to 80°, in particular of 60° to 70°, typically around 65°, as is usual with HUD projection arrangements.
• each reflection layer 10 can be assigned a separate image display device 9, i.e. several image display devices 9 can be arranged.
• the image display device 9 is, for example, a display such as an LCD display, OLED display, EL display or pLED display. It would also be possible, for example, for the composite pane 1 to be a roof pane, side pane or rear pane.
• the exemplary embodiment according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 1a thus makes it possible to distinguish between the high-contrast image reflection on the reflection layer 10 and the possibility of looking through the laminated pane 1 in the area of the electrochromic To change functional element 5 for an occupant of the vehicle.
• This advantage is made possible by the electrochromic functional element 5, which can switch between different degrees of opacity and transparency.
• FIG. 2 essentially corresponds to the variant from FIGS. 1 and 1a, so that only the differences are discussed here and otherwise reference is made to the description of FIGS. 1 and 1a.
• the reflective layer 10 covers the entire inside II of the outer pane 2 when viewed through the composite pane 1.
• the reflective layer 10 thus completely covers the first masking strip 6 and the electrochromic functional element 5 when viewed through the composite pane 1.
• the orthogonal projection from the first masking strip 6 and the electrochromic functional element 5 to the surface plane of the reflection layer 10 is arranged completely within the reflection layer 10 .
• the reflection layer 10 is designed, for example, as a metal-free, reflective film.
• the reflection layer 10 is arranged inside the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4, i.e. two thermoplastic intermediate layers 4', 4".
• the entire reflection layer 10 is applied as a coating on the inside IV of the inner pane 3 or the outside III of the inner pane 3 (Not shown in Figure 2.) Because the reflection layer 10 extends over the entire inner side II of the outer pane 2, not only the area covered by the first electrochromic functional element 5 can be used to reflect an image to use image display devices which, for example, irradiate areas of the reflection layer 10 that do not overlap with the electrochromic functional element 5, i.e. are located in the see-through region of the laminated pane 1. This allows the function of a head-up display to be used.
• the electrochromic functional element 5 is unlike in Figure 1 and d FIG. 1a shows a section arranged in regions on the first masking strip 6 in the lower edge region 12', a second section of the electrochromic functional element 5 is arranged in regions on the inside II of the outer pane 2.
• FIGS. 3 to 8 correspond to the cutting line AA′ in the lower section 12′ of the edge area 12 of the laminated pane 1, as indicated in FIG. 1a.
• the electrochromic functional element 5 is located on the inside II of the outer pane 2.
• the reflection layer 10 is applied directly to the electrochromic functional element 5.
• the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 is arranged between the reflection layer 10 and the outside III of the inner pane 3 .
• the light 11 from the image display device 9 is reflected by the reflection layer 10 into the vehicle interior 13 as reflected light 11'.
• the light 11, 1T can have an s- and/or p-polarization. Due to the angle of incidence of the light 11 on the laminated pane 1 close to Brewster's angle, the p-polarized component of the light 11 is hardly prevented from transmitting through the inner pane 3 .
• This variant has the advantage that a relatively large proportion of the incident, p-polarized light 11 is reflected and then largely unhindered due to the fact that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection (shown by a in Figures 3 to 8).
• the inner pane 3 is transmitted into the vehicle interior 13 .
• the image is also easily recognizable against the background of the (opaque) first masking layer 5 with high contrast.
• FIGS. 4 to 7 essentially correspond to the variant from FIGS. 1, 1a and FIG. 3, so that only the differences are discussed here and otherwise reference is made to the description of FIGS.
• the reflective layer 10 is not applied to the electrochromic functional element 5 but to the inside IV of the inner pane 3 .
• This variant has the advantage that the incident light 11 is not prevented from being transmitted through the inner pane 3 . It is also preferred for light 11 with a high s-polarized component, since the reflection on the inner pane 3 results in fewer double images.
• the reflective layer 10 is not applied to the electrochromic functional element 5 but to the outside III of the inner pane 3 .
• This variant is particularly useful when the electrochromic functional element 5 cannot be coated with the reflective layer 10 or the two-stage arrangement of first the electrochromic functional element 5 and second the reflection layer 10 does not offer.
• the variant of the laminated pane 1 shown in Figure 6 differs from the variant of Figure 3 in that the reflection layer 10 is designed as a partially translucent reflective film which reflects 25% of the light 11 incident on the reflection layer 10 into the vehicle interior 13.
• This variant represents a viable alternative to the reflection layer 10 shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, which is vapour-deposited using PVD technology, for example.
• the reflection layer 10 in Figure 6 is laminated between two thermoplastic intermediate layers 4', 4" (e.g. PVB films) in the laminated pane 1.
• thermoplastic intermediate layers 4', 4'' have a correspondingly smaller thickness than outside the area where the reflection layer 10 is not provided.
• the reflective layer 10 is not arranged over the entire surface extent of the laminated pane 1. In this way, a uniform distance (i.e. constant overall thickness) can be achieved between the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3, so that any glass breakage during lamination is reliably and safely avoided.
• PVB films When using, for example, PVB films, these have a smaller thickness in the area of the reflective layer 10 than where no reflective layer 10 is provided. In addition, the image is easily recognizable with high contrast against the background of the electrochromic functional element 5, which can be switched between transparency and opacity.
• the reflection layer 10 is well protected from external influences on the inside of the laminated pane 1 .
• the variant of the laminated pane 1 shown in FIG. 7 differs from the variant of FIG. 3 in that a high-index coating 15 is arranged on the inside IV of the inner pane 3 .
• the high-index coating 15 is applied, for example, using the sol-gel method and consists of a titanium oxide coating.
• the reflection layer 10 is not applied to the electrochromic functional element 5 but to the outside III of the inner pane 3 .
• the electrochromic functional element 5 in Figure 7 is inserted between two thermoplastic intermediate layers 4', 4" (e.g. PVB films) in the laminated pane 1 laminated.
• the electrochromic functional element 5 comprises in the following order: a first PET film, a first surface electrode, a working electrode, an electrolyte, a counter electrode, a second surface electrode and a second PET film.
• the surface electrodes are connected to a voltage source (not shown here).
• the surface electrodes are, for example, thin layers of an electrically conductive material that contain indium tin oxide.
• the ion-conductive electrolyte is constructed, for example, on the basis of a layer of hydrated tantalum oxide and a layer of hydrated antimony oxide.
• the working electrode and the counter-electrode are constructed on the basis of an organic polymer, for example.
• the total thickness of all layers of the electrochromic functional element 5 is 1 ⁇ m, for example.
• thermoplastic intermediate layers 4', 4" have a correspondingly smaller thickness than outside the area where the electrochromic functional element 5 is not provided In this way, a uniform distance (ie constant overall thickness) can be achieved between the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3, so that any glass breakage during lamination is reliably and safely avoided 56.5° (for lime soda glass) can be changed, which makes the application unified simplifies and reduces the effect of disturbing double images due to the reflection on the inside IV of the inner pane 3.
• FIG. 8 essentially corresponds to the variant from FIG. 7, so that only the differences are discussed here and otherwise reference is made to the description of FIG.
• the variant of the laminated pane 1 shown in Figure 7 differs from the variant of Figure 3 in that a further reflection layer 10" is arranged on the inside IV of the inner pane 3 in addition to the first reflection layer 10' on the outside III of the inner pane 3. Also the high-index coating 15 is arranged on the further reflection layer 10".
• This arrangement offers great advantages when the reflective layers 10', 10" each individually reflect smaller portions ( ⁇ 10%) of the incident light 11.
• the arrangement on both the Outside III and the inside IV of the inner pane 3, the overall reflection of the incident light 11 is improved.
• the full-area overlapping of the reflection layer 10, 10', 10" with the electrochromic functional element 5 is shown.
• the reflection layer 10, 10', 10" can also overlap with the first masking strip 6 in some areas.
• thermoplastic interlayer 4, 4', 4" thermoplastic interlayer

Landscapes

• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Nonlinear Science (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
• Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=75746367

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Families Citing this family (1)

Family Cites Families (12)

• 2022
  • 2022-04-20 WO PCT/EP2022/060317 patent/WO2022228946A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2022-04-20 EP EP22723610.6A patent/EP4330038A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-04-20 CN CN202280001927.XA patent/CN115568284A/zh active Pending

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events