Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
  • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
  • H02P1/46—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
  • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
  • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
  • B60K6/48—Parallel type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
  • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
  • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
  • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
  • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
  • H02P21/14—Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
  • H02P21/18—Estimation of position or speed
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
  • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
  • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
  • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
  • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
  • H02P25/024—Synchronous motors controlled by supply frequency
  • H02P25/026—Synchronous motors controlled by supply frequency thereby detecting the rotor position
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
  • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
  • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
  • H02P25/03—Synchronous motors with brushless excitation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
  • H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
  • H02P29/032—Preventing damage to the motor, e.g. setting individual current limits for different drive conditions
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
  • H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
  • H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
  • H02P29/62—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive for raising the temperature of the motor
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
  • H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
  • H02P29/64—Controlling or determining the temperature of the winding
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
  • H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
  • H02P29/66—Controlling or determining the temperature of the rotor
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
  • H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
  • H02P29/66—Controlling or determining the temperature of the rotor
  • H02P29/662—Controlling or determining the temperature of the rotor the rotor having permanent magnets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
  • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
  • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
  • B60K6/48—Parallel type
  • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the means for detecting the position of the rotor
  • H02P2203/05—Determination of the rotor position by using two different methods and/or motor models

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for controlling an inverter/rectifier capable of being electrically connected to the electrical stator winding of a rotating electrical machine, this rotating electrical machine having in particular a rotor with permanent magnets.
• the invention is for example integrated into a vehicle, for example an automobile or any other form of mobility with hybrid or electric propulsion, and the rotating electric machine provides electric or hybrid propulsion for this vehicle.
• the inverter/rectifier can, in this application, be interposed between the electric stator winding of the machine and the on-board network of the vehicle.
• the temperature of active parts of the rotating electrical machine for example the stator and/or the rotor, by using the measurement provided by a sensor of temperature.
• This taking into account of the temperature makes it possible, in known manner, to thermally protect the machine by adapting its control to the temperature of all or part of its components in order to avoid excessive heating of the latter.
• This temperature sensor is for example a temperature probe such as a CTN or a CPN.
• the use of such sensors may prove to be insufficient, in particular to obtain sufficient precision over the entire operating range of the rotating electrical machine.
• sensor(s) can prove to be restrictive, a calibration of this sensor with respect to the electrical machine being necessary.
• the invention aims to meet this need and it achieves this, according to one of its aspects, with the aid of a device for controlling an inverter/rectifier capable of being electrically connected to the electric stator winding of a rotating electrical machine also comprising a rotor, in particular for a vehicle, the device comprising:
• At least one temperature sensor capable of providing a representative measurement of the temperature of the rotor and/or of the stator of the rotating electrical machine
• a temperature estimator module able to provide an estimate representative of the temperature of this rotor and/or of this stator, the control device generating, in a main mode of operation, setpoints for the inverter/rectifier using as signal representative of the temperature: the measurement provided by the temperature sensor, and the estimate provided by the temperature estimator module, for all or part of the rotational speeds of the rotor.
• the invention makes it possible to add additional robustness for taking into account the temperature of the rotating electrical machine when developing the control of inverter/rectifier since both a temperature measurement and a temperature estimate are available for this processing in the main mode of operation.
• This command can then be compatible with the Asil B or Asil C criticality levels in terms of motor vehicle operating safety.
• the temperature sensor can be one or more temperature probes, of CTN or CPN type. As a variant or in addition, it may be one or more thermocouples. This or these sensors can be arranged at the level of the coil ends of the stator, or opposite, axially speaking, the end of the rotor. When the rotor is with permanent magnets, such a positioning can make it possible to obtain a temperature measurement close to these permanent magnets whose performance is sensitive to temperature.
• the temperature estimator module can implement a thermal model of the rotating electrical machine, for example a map linking temperature and phase currents in the electrical stator winding.
• This thermal model can implement correlations:
• the aforementioned correlations can be carried out both statically, that is to say at a constant speed, and dynamically, for the aforementioned currents or voltages.
• the control device can merge these data to generate the setpoints for the inverter/ rectifier.
• the measurement provided by the temperature sensor can by default be the only one used as a signal representative of the temperature and, during this use, the motor torque setpoint is compared to this motor torque as estimated at using the values of the phase currents of the electrical stator winding. If the difference between the torque setpoint and the torque as estimated exceeds a given value, the estimate provided by the temperature estimator module is used as a signal representative of the temperature instead of the measurement provided by the temperature sensor. temperature.
• the control device may include:
• At least one position sensor capable of providing a measurement representative of the position of the rotor
• control device can then:
• the control can then use as a signal representing the position of the rotor:
• the device can benefit both in the first speed range and in the second speed range from the measurement supplied by the position sensor, and:
• this position measurement is not used to control inverter/rectifier, it can however be compared with the estimate coming from the position estimator module to check the correct operation of this estimator module.
• the device can benefit both in the first speed range and in the second speed range from the estimate supplied by the position estimator module, even if it does not use this estimate as a signal representative of the rotor position only in the second speed range.
• this estimate is not used to control the inverter/rectifier, it can however be compared with the measurement from the position sensor to check the correct operation of this sensor and consequently detect a possible failure of this sensor.
• the device can merge these data to generate the setpoints for the inverter/ rectifier.
• the measurement provided by the speed sensor can by default be the only one used as a signal representative of the position of the rotor in and, during this use, the setpoint is compared in motor torque at this motor torque as estimated using the values of the phase currents of the electrical stator winding. If the difference between the torque setpoint and the torque as estimated exceeds a given value, the estimate provided by the position estimator module is used as a signal representative of the position of the rotor instead of the measurement provided by the position sensor.
• a signal representing the position of the rotor includes a speed or acceleration signal, the position then being obtained by one or more integration operations, and/or also includes a frequency signal of the phase voltages in the electric stator winding of rotating electric machine,
• a position sensor also includes a speed or acceleration sensor, or a phase voltage frequency sensor in the electrical stator winding,
• a position estimator module also includes a speed or acceleration or phase voltage frequency estimator module in the electrical stator winding,
• the main mode of operation of the inverter/rectifier is a mode in which no failure in the rotating electrical machine and in the on-board network of the vehicle is detected by the control device,
• the control device as described above may have sufficient redundancy to be compatible with the Asil B or Asil C criticality levels in terms of motor vehicle operating safety.
• the position sensor can be chosen from: a Hall effect sensor, a resolver, an inductive sensor, or a sensor at the end of the rotor shaft.
• the position sensor may have an accuracy of less than or equal to 1 electrical degree, in absolute value.
• a sensor with such precision can be advantageous in that it can make it possible to obtain a torque precision of less than or equal to 1 N.m, in absolute value.
• Such a sensor can, in one example, have a harmonic rate of less than 2% per harmonic, for speeds up to 20,000 rpm.
• the position estimator module can be self-calibrating. This estimator module uses, for example, data in masked time to adjust itself.
• the upper limit of the first range of speeds can be confused with the lower limit of the second range of speeds, this common limit being for example greater than 100 rpm, for example 200 rpm or at 300 rpm, being in particular equal to 500 rpm.
• the position sensor and the temperature sensor can be grouped together in the same packaging, being for example overmolded by the same shell.
• the control device may have an auxiliary mode of operation in which it generates setpoints for G inverter/rectifier by using as signal representative of the position of the rotor only the estimate provided by the position estimator module, for all or part of the speeds rotation of the rotor.
• Such an auxiliary mode may correspond to the detection of a failure of the position sensor, in which case the control device may decide to no longer use the measurement provided by this position sensor even though this measurement would still be available.
• Such an operating mode may correspond to the return to garage mode already mentioned.
• the device can generate setpoints for G inverter/rectifier by using as signal representative of the temperature only the estimate provided by the temperature estimator module, for all or part of the speeds of rotation of the rotor. We can thus take into counts the detection of a temperature sensor failure.
• control device can be a digital processing circuit, implementing logic gates, counters and a memory.
• the electronic component is for example an integrated circuit of the ASIC (“Application-specific integrated circuit”) type.
• Another subject of the invention is a device for controlling an inverter/rectifier capable of being electrically connected to the electrical stator winding of a rotating electrical machine also comprising a rotor, in particular for a vehicle, the device comprising:
• At least one position sensor capable of providing a measurement representative of the position of the rotor
• a position estimator module able to provide an estimate representative of the position of the rotor, the control device having a main mode of operation in which:
• a propulsion assembly for an electric or hybrid vehicle comprising:
• a rotating electrical machine comprising a stator and a rotor, in particular with permanent magnets,
• an inverter/rectifier electrically connected to the electrical stator winding and able to be connected to the vehicle's on-board network
• the rotating electrical machine can have a nominal supply voltage of 48V. Alternatively, this rotating electrical machine may have a nominal voltage supply greater than 200V.
• the rotor can be permanent magnets.
• the rotor for example, has no electrical excitation winding.
• the rotor can be formed by a stack of laminations inside which the permanent magnets are arranged.
• the electrical stator winding can be polyphase. Regardless of its number of phases, the electrical stator winding can be formed by wires or by conductive bars connected to each other. Each notch of the stator carcass can receive several conductors, for example 2, 4 or 6.
• the rotating electrical machine may include a stator cooling circuit in which fluid such as air or liquid circulates.
• fluid such as air or liquid circulates.
• This liquid can be water or oil.
• the rotor can be cooled by this same cooling circuit or by another cooling circuit in which air or liquid such as oil circulates.
• the rotor may comprise any number of pairs of poles, for example three, four, six, or eight pairs of poles.
• the rotating electrical machine may have a nominal electrical power of 4 kW, 8 kW, 15 kW, 25 kW or more.
• the on-board network of the vehicle comprises for example two sub-networks between which is interposed a switching system defining a DC/DC voltage converter.
• One of the inverter/rectifier and the DC/DC voltage converter can implement controllable electronic switches, such as galium nitride (GaN), silicon carbide (SiC), or silicon transistors.
• controllable electronic switches such as galium nitride (GaN), silicon carbide (SiC), or silicon transistors.
• the first electrical sub-network being the one capable of being connected to the inverter/rectifier, has for example a nominal voltage of 48V or a nominal voltage of a value greater than 200V, and the second electrical sub-network has for example a voltage nominal 12V.
• the first sub-network may have a battery and an electrical energy storage unit formed by one or more capacitors and arranged in parallel with the DC output of the inverter/rectifier.
• the capacity of this electrical energy storage unit is in particular between 2000 pF and 4000m F, for example of the order of 3000m F.
• Another subject of the invention is a hybrid or electric vehicle powertrain, comprising:
• gearbox comprising pinions, defining gearbox ratios
• the shaft of the electric machine can be integral in rotation with the crankshaft of the heat engine of the vehicle, when the powertrain comprises such a heat engine.
• the rotating electrical machine may comprise a pulley or any other means of connection to the rest of the vehicle's powertrain.
• the electric machine is for example connected, in particular via a belt, to the crankshaft of the heat engine of the vehicle.
• the powertrain can include a double clutch, dry or wet, each of the output shafts of the double clutch then forming an input shaft for the gearbox.
• Another subject of the invention is a method for controlling an inverter/rectifier electrically connected to the electrical stator winding of a rotating electrical machine having a rotor, in particular with permanent magnets, in particular for a vehicle, method in which, according to a main mode of operation, setpoints are generated for the inverter/rectifier by using as a signal representative of the temperature: the measurement representative of this temperature supplied by a temperature sensor and the representative estimate of this temperature supplied by a temperature estimator module, for all or part of the rotational speeds of the rotor.
• FIG. 1 schematically and partially represents a powertrain to which an example of implementation of the invention can be applied
• FIG. 2 schematically shows an example of a rotating electrical machine of the system of Figure 1, bathed in oil
• FIG. 3 shows in isolation an example of a rotor of the rotating electrical machine of Figure 2
• - Figure 4 schematically shows the electrical circuit of the rotating electrical machine of the powertrain of Figures 1 and 2
• - Figure 5 schematically shows an example of control of the inverter / rectifier of the circuit of Figure 4 depending on the position of the rotor.
• the powertrain 1 here comprises a double clutch 6 which can be dry or wet, with discs or lamellae.
• This double clutch has two output shafts 2 and 3 which are here concentric. Each of these shafts defines a gearbox input shaft 4.
• the gearbox 4 comprises, inside an oil-filled casing, a plurality of pinions defining a plurality of speed ratios Rl-Rn .
• Shaft 2 is here associated with odd gear ratios and shaft 3 is associated with even gear ratios.
• the torque at the output of gearbox 4 is transmitted to the wheels of the vehicle, in order to ensure propulsion of this vehicle.
• the powertrain 1 is hybrid or electric, comprising a rotating electric machine 7
• This rotating machine 7 is installed inside the casing of the gearbox 4.
• the shaft of the rotating machine 7 is capable of cooperating by meshing with a pinion 8 secured to the input shaft 2 of the gearbox associated with the odd speed ratios, but other positions are possible for the rotary electrical machine 7, for example its meshing with a pinion integral with the input shaft 3 of the gearbox associated with the even gear ratios. Locations of the rotating electrical machine 7 outside the housing of the gearbox 4 are also possible.
• This rotating electric machine 7 can form a source of electric propulsion for the vehicle.
• the rotating electrical machine 7 comprises a housing not shown in Figure 2. Inside this housing, it further comprises a shaft 13, a rotor 12 integral in rotation with the shaft 13, and a stator 10 surrounding the rotor 12. The rotational movement of the rotor 12 takes place around an axis X.
• the rotating electric machine 7 is here a synchronous machine.
• the housing may comprise a front bearing and a rear bearing which are assembled together, and each may have a hollow shape and centrally carry a respective ball bearing for the rotational mounting of the shaft 13.
• the stator 10 comprises a carcass 15 in the form of a stack of laminations provided with notches, for example of the semi-closed or open type, equipped with notch insulation for mounting the electric winding polyphase of the stator.
• Each phase comprises a winding passing through the notches of the carcass 15 and forming, with all the phases, a front bun 16 and a rear bun 17 on both sides. other side of the carcass 15 of the stator.
• the windings are for example obtained from a continuous wire covered with enamel or from conductive elements in the form of a bar such as pins connected together.
• Each notch can receive several conductors, for example 2 or 4 or 6 conductors.
• the electrical winding of the stator here defines a double three-phase system, only one of these systems being represented in FIG. 4, each of these three-phase systems then implementing a star or delta connection whose outputs are connected to an inverter/ rectifier 20.
• the electrical winding of the stator may define a single three-phase system.
• the rotor f2 of FIG. 2 is formed by a stack of sheets, as represented in FIG. 3.
• the number of pairs of poles defined by the rotor 12 can be arbitrary, for example be between three and eight, being for example equal three, four, six or eight.
• the rotor 12 receives a plurality of permanent magnets not shown in these figures 2 and 3 but received in housings made in the stack of sheets.
• the machine comprises a sensor 40 for measuring the position of the rotor, not shown in FIG. 2.
• This sensor implements, for example, three Hall effect cells interacting with a magnetic target integral in rotation with the rotor, but other sensors are possible such as a resolver, an inductive sensor or a rotor shaft end sensor.
• the sensor measures for example the position of the rotor.
• a rotor position estimator module 41 is also provided.
• the machine further comprises, in the example considered, one or more temperature sensors not shown. These are, for example, thermocouples or NTCs. These sensors can measure the temperature of the permanent magnets of the rotor, being then positioned axially speaking in front of the end of the rotor. A module estimating the temperature of the permanent magnets is also provided, in the example considered.
• the electric stator winding of the rotating electric machine 7 belongs to an electric circuit comprising the inverter/rectifier 20.
• This inverter/rectifier 20 is interposed between the electric winding of the stator and a first sub-network of the on-board network of the vehicle whose nominal voltage is in the example described equal to 48V.
• the inverter/rectifier 20 comprises for example several switching arms, each arm implementing two transistors connected in series and separated by a midpoint. Each transistor is for example a galium nitride (GaN), silicon carbide (SiC), or silicon transistor.
• the first sub-network of the on-board network also comprises in the example described a battery 21 connected to the rest of this first sub-network by a disconnect switch
• the first subnet may or may not still include one or more consumers
• an electrical energy storage unit 25 which is for example formed by a capacitor or by the assembly of several capacitors.
• This electrical energy storage unit 25 has for example a capacity of between 3000m F and 4000m F.
• the electric circuit also comprises in the example considered a DC/DC voltage converter 27 interposed between the first sub-network and a second sub-network of the on-board network. Similar to G inverter/rectifier 20, the DC/DC voltage converter comprises for example transistors which may be of the same type as those mentioned previously.
• the second sub-network of the on-board network has for example a nominal voltage of 12V.
• this second sub-network can comprise a battery 30 as well as consumers, not shown, which can be chosen from the following non-exhaustive list: lighting system, electric power steering system, braking system, system air conditioning or car radio system.
• the electrical circuit further comprises in the example considered a control unit 32, which can be the central computer of the vehicle or be dedicated to all or part of the powertrain 1.
• This control unit 32 communicates via a data network 33, which is for example of the CAN type, with different components of the electrical circuit, as can be seen in Figure 4.
• the control unit 32 can receive a control device 35 which will now be described.
• the control device 35 is for example an ASIC.
• the invention is however not limited to the case where the control device 35 is integrated into the control unit 32.
• the control device 35 generates setpoints for G inverter/rectifier 20 as a function of the speed of rotation of the rotor of the rotating electrical machine 7 and as a function of the temperature of the active parts of this machine 7, including for example the temperature of the permanent magnets of this rotor.
• control device 35 For this purpose, and according to a main mode of operation, an example of which will be described with reference to Figure 5, the control device 35:
• the first speed range corresponds for example to speeds below 500 rpm and the second speed range then corresponds to speeds above 500 rpm.
• a block 50 receives as input:
• This block 50 performs, in the second range of values, a fusion between these two position inputs on the basis of which it develops an estimate of the motor torque on the shaft of the rotor of the machine.
• This torque estimate is received at the input of a block 51 which compares this torque estimate with a torque request received via a block 52.
• Block 51 works out, to control the inverter/rectifier 20, setpoints for the phase currents and the phase voltages in the electrical stator winding.
• Block 53 performs a measurement of these phase currents, this measurement being received at the input of block 50, as we have already seen.
• the block 50 receives as input the estimate provided by the position estimator module 41, this information is not taken into account by this block 50 in the main operating mode to control G inverter / rectifier 20. Only the measurement provided by the position sensor 40 is used in this first range of speeds by the control device 35 to generate the instructions for the phase currents and the phase voltages in the electrical stator winding.
• control of G inverter/rectifier 20 by the control device 35 takes into account, in the example described in the main mode of operation, the temperature of the permanent magnets of the rotor. For the entire operating range in this main mode, the control device 35 can generate setpoints for the inverter/rectifier 20 using as a signal representative of the temperature the measurement provided by the aforementioned temperature sensor and the estimate provided by the aforementioned temperature estimator module.
• the block 50 of FIG. 5 still receives for example as input:
• the block 50 carries out, for all the speed values in this main mode of operation, a merger between these two temperature inputs when it develops the aforementioned estimate of the motor torque on the shaft of the rotor, estimate received at the input of the block 51 of Figure 5.
• the failure of the position sensor 40 and/or the temperature sensor can be detected.
• the control device 35 can, independently of the value of the rotational speed of the rotor, only use the estimate supplied by the estimator module 41 as a signal representative of the position of the rotor and/or only use that the estimate provided by the estimator module as a signal representative of the temperature of the permanent magnets to generate the instructions for
• Such an auxiliary mode of operation may correspond to a return-to-garage mode.
• the invention is not limited to what has just been described.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

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• 2022
  • 2022-04-04 EP EP22720436.9A patent/EP4324087A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-04-04 WO PCT/EP2022/058854 patent/WO2022218736A1/fr active Application Filing

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