EP4308524A1 - Procede de traitement de l'urine humaine ou animale par basification et utilisations de l'urine obtenue en particulier comme matiere fertilisante - Google Patents
Procede de traitement de l'urine humaine ou animale par basification et utilisations de l'urine obtenue en particulier comme matiere fertilisanteInfo
- Publication number
- EP4308524A1 EP4308524A1 EP22715608.0A EP22715608A EP4308524A1 EP 4308524 A1 EP4308524 A1 EP 4308524A1 EP 22715608 A EP22715608 A EP 22715608A EP 4308524 A1 EP4308524 A1 EP 4308524A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- urine
- fermentation
- bacteria
- basification
- equal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Definitions
- the invention relates to the treatment and recovery of human or animal urine.
- the subject of the invention is a process for treating urine and the use of the transformed urine obtained, as well as co-products of the process, in particular as raw materials used for the manufacture of fertilizers.
- Urine is considered waste that must be disposed of. Its current mode of disposal, mostly via mains drainage, is problematic for wastewater treatment plants and more generally concerns the sustainable management of water resources.
- the nitrogen and micro-pollutant content of urine poses problems for the development of algae and the feminization of fish.
- the prior art describes several black water treatment methods comprising a mixture of urine and excrement to obtain fertilizing materials or fertilizer.
- the document FR2371399 describes a process for treating waste of animal origin, in particular for their use in animal feed or on the ground.
- Document KR20040062918 describes a manure composting method.
- urine is not stable when collected. It quickly loses its characteristics and its NPK content, in particular via the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia, which makes its industrial use unsuitable and currently impossible. There is therefore a need for a stable urine, meeting the safety criteria of the regulations in force, in particular on the content of metallic trace elements and pathogenic organisms, and which has characteristics allowing it to be used as a fertilizing material suitable for agricultural use.
- the fertilizer obtained by the implementation of this method preferably has a pH greater than 9 and a concentration of microorganisms, preferably of bacteria, of at least 10 6 CFU.mL 1 .
- the subject of the invention is therefore a method for treating human or animal urine, preferably fresh urine, comprising:
- the method comprises other steps and in particular an optional step before the basification step which consists in recovering in the urine at least one mineral in the form of a precipitate, in particular at least one mineral chosen from nitrogen, potassium or phosphorus.
- the invention also relates to transformed urine: basified, filtered and transformed by fermentation, capable of being obtained by implementing the method, and which has at least one of the following characteristics: a pH greater than or equal to to 9, preferably greater than or equal to 10, and a concentration of microorganisms, preferably of bacteria, of at least 10 6 CFU.mL 1 .
- the transformed urine would not include microorganisms, in particular bacteria, and the fermentation could not be implemented because the urine would become loaded with ammonia, which would be at toxic concentrations for microorganisms, especially bacteria.
- the invention also relates to the use of such transformed urine, in particular as a fertilizing material based on inoculum of microorganisms, preferably bacterial inoculum, in particular for crops in open fields, market gardening and horticulture. .
- the invention therefore also relates to a fertilizer.
- the invention also relates to the use of the co-products possibly obtained during the urine fermentation step (in particular the biofilm formed during this step), in particular as a fertilizing material, as a phytosanitary product or as a biocontrol product for agricultural use.
- FIG. 1 represents, in the form of a curve, the results obtained for the basification of fresh urine (collected for less than 2 hours) with NaOH.
- FIG. 2 represents, in the form of a curve, the results obtained for the basification of stored urine (collected for approximately 5 days) with NaOH.
- Figure 3 represents, in the form of a histogram, the concentrations of P. chlororaphis (CFU/mL) observed after 24 and 48 hours of growth on urine at pH 7 or at pH 9.
- the * represent the significant differences obtained by the t test of Student.
- urine within the meaning of the invention, is meant urine free of fecal matter, and very preferably collected separately.
- basified urine within the meaning of the invention, is meant a urine whose pH value has been increased relative to the pH value of the initial urine.
- the pH of basified urine is a basic pH.
- fresh urine within the meaning of the invention, is meant urine which has been collected for less than 12 hours, preferably for less than 6 hours, even more preferably for less than 1 hour.
- transformed urine within the meaning of the invention, is meant urine which has undergone a process which has transformed at least one characteristic of natural urine, so that it is no longer a natural product but of a processed product obtained from a natural product.
- the transformed urine is a urine transformed according to the invention at least by basification, filtration and fermentation.
- the subject of the invention is a method for treating human or animal urine, preferably fresh urine, comprising at least the implementation of the following steps:
- Human or animal urine is collected by any method suitable for implementing the method according to the invention.
- human urine it can in particular be collected from different sources such as toilet rental companies, festivals, medical analysis laboratories, and communities.
- animal urine it can in particular be collected from different sources such as breeders and veterinary analysis laboratories.
- Human or animal urine is collected in containers such as cans, drums or tanks for example.
- the containers can contain one or more bases for carrying out the basification step.
- the method according to the invention may optionally comprise a preliminary step before the basification step, which consists in precipitating co-products generated during the storage step before basification.
- co-products are preferentially minerals, in particular minerals chosen from nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus (struvite).
- the process consists in adding magnesium salts in solution in order to precipitate the phosphorus present, preferentially at a volumetric ratio of 1: 1 (Mg: P) .
- Mg: P volumetric ratio of 1: 1
- This precipitate can be recovered by filtration on a mesh filter whose mesh size is between 10 and 30 ⁇ m.
- the precipitate can subsequently undergo various treatments, such as washing, dissolving, pressing and/or drying in the open air in order to obtain a material in liquid or solid form.
- the basification step is preferentially carried out on fresh urine which was collected less than 12 hours before the basification, preferentially less than 6 hours, even more preferentially less than 1 hour.
- the urine basification step is carried out so that the urine has a pH greater than or equal to 9, preferably between 9 and 12, preferably greater than or equal to 10 and according to one embodiment between 10 and 12.
- Basification of urine at a pH greater than 10 is necessary because it inhibits the growth of pathogens and prevents the spontaneous hydrolysis reaction of urea to ammonia, therefore the urine retains its concentration in nitrogen.
- the basification can also allow the urine to have the pH necessary for the fermentation of the urine by certain microorganisms, in particular by certain bacteria.
- the pH of the urine is also to be adapted to the fermentation conditions of the microorganisms used for the fermentation. During fermentation, it may also be necessary to stabilize the pH of the urine, either by adding a new base in particular to compensate for a reduction in pH during fermentation, preferably chosen from calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium and mixtures thereof; either by adding an acid in order in particular to compensate for a rise in pH during fermentation, preferably chosen from sulfuric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, lactic acid and mixtures thereof.
- the basification step can be carried out by any means making it possible to obtain urine with the desired basic pH.
- the basification step can be carried out by adding to the urine at least one basic pH adjuster, preferably at least one base, and even more preferably at least one base chosen from calcium hydroxide, hydroxide potassium, sodium hydroxide and their mixtures, as well as their equivalents in the form of oxides (for example, calcium oxide more commonly known as lime).
- the base (or bases) used to basify the urine is added to the urine at a concentration of between 0.1 and 10% by weight of the total weight of the mixture consisting of urine and the base, preferably between 0.5 and 2.5%.
- the basification step is carried out by adding at least calcium hydroxide to the urine
- the basification step is carried out by adding to the urine between 1 and 5% of calcium hydroxide by weight of the total weight of the urine and calcium hydroxide mixture, even more preferably between 2 and 3%.
- the basification step is carried out by adding at least potassium hydroxide to the urine
- the basification step is carried out by adding to the urine between 1 and 5% of potassium hydroxide by weight of the total weight of the urine and potassium hydroxide mixture, even more preferably between 1.5 and 2%.
- the basification step is carried out by adding at least sodium hydroxide to the urine
- the basification step is carried out by adding to the urine between 0.5 and 5% sodium hydroxide in weight of the total weight of the urine and sodium hydroxide mixture, even more preferably between 0.5 and 1%.
- the basification step is preferably carried out at the time of collection of the urine to avoid the hydrolysis reaction of urea to ammonia.
- the basification step according to the invention is carried out by adding at least one base to the container in which the urine is received or poured, upstream of the reception of the urine, preferably at the bottom of the container before the urine is poured into it.
- the container once filled is preferably hermetically sealed for the transport in order to limit gaseous exchanges in the open air, and the container is preferably made of plastic or metal resistant to corrosion by the base.
- the base(s) can be replaced by a mixture of bacteria in a basic medium, such that the basification is associated with an inoculation of bacteria.
- the basification step of the method according to the invention is carried out by adding to the urine at least one mixture of bacteria in a basic medium, such that the basification is associated with an inoculation of bacteria .
- the basification step is carried out by adding at least bacteria in a basic medium, preferably the basification step is carried out by adding to the urine between 1 and 10% of a mixture of bacteria in a basic medium by weight of the weight total of the mixture of urine and mixture of bacteria in basic medium, even more preferably between 2.5 and 5%.
- the NEU/N-total ratio of the urine is less than or equal to 30%, and/or
- the N-ureic/N-total ratio of the urine is greater than or equal to 50%, and/or
- the C/N ratio is greater than or equal to 1.
- the basification step lasts less than 12 days, even more preferably less than 7 days, and in particular between 12 hours and 7 days.
- the urine After being basified, the urine can be stored.
- the method according to the invention may comprise an additional step of storing the urine after basification.
- the urine can be stored after the basification step and before the filtration step, or after the filtration step and before the transformation step by fermentation.
- the urine can be stored for an indefinite period, preferably for a period less than or equal to 6 months. In fact, beyond 6 months, urea degrades strongly into ammonia, which makes the environment unfavorable to microbial growth.
- Storage can be carried out in any suitable container.
- This can be the container in which the urine was collected or any other plastic or metal container that is resistant to corrosion by a base.
- the storage is carried out away from light in order to avoid the effect of UV on the composition of the urine and at ambient temperature (approximately 20° C.). Extreme temperatures, either below 0°C or above 40°C, are unfavorable to storage because they can modify the composition of urine.
- the method according to the invention before or after possible storage, preferably just before the stage of transformation by fermentation, comprises a stage of filtration.
- This filtration step must make it possible to remove the undesirable particles contained in the urine, such as in particular hair, hair, pollutants in chelated form, residual salts and any other particles that may be present (dead leaves, gravel, etc. ).
- the filtration step is preferably carried out at least by filtration on a mesh filter of between 0.1 and 80 ⁇ m. Specifically, filtration is performed at 25pm. This removes unwanted particles, depending on the quality of the stored urine.
- the filtration can be carried out on a filter that absorbs organic compounds, such as an activated carbon, chabazite, zeolite filter, or any other filtration system.
- organic compounds such as an activated carbon, chabazite, zeolite filter, or any other filtration system.
- the method according to the invention comprises a fermentation step, that is to say transformation under the influence of microorganisms.
- the microorganisms used for the fermentation step can be chosen from bacteria and fungi, in particular yeasts and molds.
- microorganisms used for the fermentation step are fungi, they are preferably chosen from fungi of the order Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Saccharomycetales, Glomerales and mixtures thereof.
- the microorganisms used for the fermentation step are bacteria.
- These bacteria are preferably chosen from bacteria belonging to at least one of the following orders: Rhizobiales (in particular the families of Bradyrhizobiaceae, Rhizobiaceae, and Phyllobacteriaceae), Bacillales (in particular the families of Bacillaceae and Paenibacillaceae), Rhodospirillales (in particular the family Rhodospirillaceae), Actinomycetales (particularly the family Corynebacteriaceae), Frankiales (particularly the family Frankiaceae), Burkholderiales (particularly the family Burkholderiaceae), Flavobacteriales (particularly the family Flavobactericeae), Pseudomonadales (particularly the family Pseudomonadaceae), Eubacteriales (in particular the Micrococcaceae family), Xanthomonadales (in particular the Xanthomonadaceae family), Hyphomicrobiales, Cytophagales, Chro
- the bacteria used for the fermentation are preferably chosen from bacteria of the family Bradyrhizobiaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Phyllobacteriaceae, Bacillaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Rhodospirillaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Frankiaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Flavobactericeae, Pseudomonaceae, Micrococcaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, Leuconostocaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and mixtures thereof.
- the fermentation is carried out with one or more lactic acid bacteria, preferably with at least one bacterium chosen from bacteria of the order Lactobacillales, in particular with at least one bacterium whose family is chosen from Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, Leuconostocaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae.
- the microorganisms, preferably bacteria, used for the fermentation are chosen from species whose fermentation requires a basic pH, preferably greater than 9.
- the pH for the fermentation of microorganisms, in particular bacteria, of the same family varies according to the species.
- certain species of the aforementioned families may require an acid pH, others a basic pH or yet another a neutral pH.
- the method according to the invention is used with species of bacteria of the aforementioned families requiring a basic pH and in particular of which the pH of the urine for the fermentation of these bacteria is preferably the following:
- the urine is preferentially adjusted to 9 ⁇ pH ⁇ 12 when the bacteria used for the fermentation step are bacteria from the Paenibacillaceae family,
- the urine is preferentially adjusted to 9 ⁇ pH ⁇ 11 when the bacteria used for the fermentation step are bacteria from the Bacillaceae family,
- the urine is preferentially adjusted to 9 ⁇ pH ⁇ 10 when the bacteria used for the fermentation step are bacteria from the Pseudomonadaceae family,
- the urine is preferentially adjusted to 9 ⁇ pH ⁇ 10 when the bacteria used for the fermentation step are bacteria from the Burkholderiaceae family,
- the urine is preferentially adjusted to 9 ⁇ pH ⁇ 11 when the bacteria used for the fermentation step are bacteria from the Micrococcacea family.
- the step of transforming urine by fermentation consists in adding to the urine at least one carbon source and at least one inoculum of microorganisms, preferentially at least one inoculum of bacteria.
- the carbon source is preferably added at a rate of 1 to 40 gL 1 relative to the volume of basified and filtered urine to be transformed by fermentation.
- the carbon source can be diverse. It is preferably chosen from fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, glucose syrup, malt syrup as well as polyols such as mannitol or sorbitol and mixtures thereof.
- the inoculum of microorganisms preferably the bacterial inoculum, is preferably added at a rate of 0.1 to 10% by volume relative to the volume of the mixture of basified and filtered urine and of the carbon source.
- the inoculum of microorganisms is a bacterial inoculum
- the inoculum can be obtained from a stock solution comprising at least one carbon source, one bacterium or a mixture of at least two bacteria, and basified urine or acidified having a pH adapted to the fermentation of said bacterium or said mixture of bacteria.
- the inoculum can be obtained in particular from a stock solution consisting at least of:
- - basified urine having a pH greater than or equal to 9, preferably greater than or equal to 10, and in particular preferably a pH identical to or close to that of the basified urine that is to be transformed by fermentation,
- the fermentation step can be carried out in particular at a temperature between 25 and 35°C. It is preferably carried out at a temperature corresponding to the optimum growth temperature of the microorganism(s) used for the fermentation.
- the temperature can be for example:
- the fermentation step is carried out for a period of at least 12 hours, preferably for a period of between 3 and 12 days. This duration varies according to the microorganisms and the conditions used for the fermentation.
- One or more microorganisms can be used for the fermentation, preferably one or more bacteria.
- the fermentation can therefore be carried out with at least two different microorganisms.
- the fermentation is carried out with at least two different bacteria.
- Different variants of implementation of the fermentation step of the process according to the invention can be for example:
- the fermentation is carried out with at least one bacterium from the Pseudomonadaceae family.
- the fermentation step is carried out with at least one bacterium from the Pseudomonadaceae family at a temperature of between 30 and 35° C., for between 3 and 5 days, on basified urine at a pH of between 9 and 11, with added sugar, preferably sucrose, between 25 and 30 gL 1 .
- the method according to the invention may also comprise one or more additional steps.
- the method according to the invention may comprise one or more step(s) which consist(s) in adding additional constituents to the urine, such as in particular nitrogen sources (in urea, nitrate/nitrite or ammonium), phosphorus and/or potassium, secondary elements (calcium and/or magnesium) or trace elements (cobalt, copper, iron, manganese and/or zinc).
- additional constituents such as in particular nitrogen sources (in urea, nitrate/nitrite or ammonium), phosphorus and/or potassium, secondary elements (calcium and/or magnesium) or trace elements (cobalt, copper, iron, manganese and/or zinc).
- additional constituents such as in particular nitrogen sources (in urea, nitrate/nitrite or ammonium), phosphorus and/or potassium, secondary elements (calcium and/or magnesium) or trace elements (cobalt, copper, iron, manganese and/or zinc).
- it may comprise an additional step of adding at least one acid to the basified urine, with the aim of obtaining an optimum pH for the growth of microorganisms, preferably bacteria , used during the fermentation step.
- the method according to the invention can therefore comprise a step of adding at least one acid to the basified urine.
- the addition of the acid is carried out so that the urine has a lower pH than that obtained after the basification step.
- the pH is adjusted so that the urine has a pH suitable for the growth of micro-organisms, preferably bacteria, used for the fermentation of urine.
- the adjustment of the pH to the desired value is achieved by modifying the concentration of the acid in the urine according to the pH of the basified urine, the desired pH, and the acid used.
- the acid used for the step of adding an acid to the basified urine can be chosen in particular from sulfuric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, lactic acid and mixtures thereof.
- This variant of the process comprising a step of adding an acid, instead of reaching the desired pH only by basification of the urine, makes it possible to reach the desired pH in several stages (at least two steps): basification of urine according to the invention then addition of at least one acid.
- the method according to the invention allows the pH of the urine before transformation by fermentation to have a pH adapted to the growth of microorganisms, preferentially bacteria, used for urine fermentation.
- a variant of the process according to the invention is characterized in that the pH of the urine before and/or during transformation by fermentation is adapted to the growth of microorganisms, preferably bacteria, used for the fermentation of urine .
- the step of adding an acid to the basified urine can be carried out at any time in the process after the basification step and before the step of transforming the urine by fermentation.
- the method according to the invention may comprise a step of stabilizing the pH, by adding at least one base or at least one acid during the step of transforming the urine by fermentation.
- the method according to the invention may comprise the succession of at least the following steps:
- the pH being lower it can always be greater than or equal to 9 or 10, but it can be lower than these values, in particular it can be lower to 6),
- stage of transformation of the urine by fermentation optionally comprising a stage of stabilization of the pH, by adding at least one base or one acid.
- the method according to the invention may comprise the succession of at least the following steps:
- the pH being lower it can always be greater than or equal to 9 or 10, but it can be lower than these values, in particular it can be lower to 6),
- stage of transformation of the urine by fermentation optionally comprising a stage of stabilization of the pH, by adding at least one base or one acid.
- the fermentation can optionally be carried out by lactic acid bacteria (lacto-fermentation), such as for example at least one bacterium whose family is chosen from Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, Leuconostocaceae, Bifidiobacteriaceae.
- lacto-fermentation such as for example at least one bacterium whose family is chosen from Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, Leuconostocaceae, Bifidiobacteriaceae.
- lacto-fermentation such as for example at least one bacterium whose family is chosen from Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, Leuconostocaceae, Bifidiobacteriaceae.
- the basified urine is then preferentially acidified to 4 ⁇ pH ⁇ 5 when the bacteria used for the lacto-fermentation step are bacteria from the Lactobacillaceae family, - the basified urine is then preferentially acidified to 4.5 ⁇ pH ⁇ 5.5 when the bacteria used for the lacto-fermentation step are bacteria from the family of
- the basified urine is then preferentially acidified to 4.5 ⁇ pH ⁇ 5.5 when the bacteria used for the lacto-fermentation step are bacteria from the family of
- the basified urine is then preferentially acidified to 4 ⁇ pH ⁇ 5 when the bacteria used for the lacto-fermentation step are bacteria from the family of
- the basified urine is then preferentially acidified to 3.5 ⁇ pH ⁇ 4.5 when the bacteria used for the lacto-fermentation step are bacteria from the family of
- the basified urine is then preferentially acidified to 5 ⁇ pH ⁇ 6 when the bacteria used for the lacto-fermentation step are bacteria from the family of
- the method according to the invention may optionally comprise one or more additional steps before the basification step, between basification and fermentation or after fermentation.
- the urine obtained after the fermentation step is in liquid form.
- the method according to the invention may also comprise an additional step of concentration of microorganisms, in particular bacteria (by any suitable means, in particular centrifugation, dehydration and/or freeze-drying) so as to obtain a product in solid form.
- the process according to the invention can be implemented on an industrial scale, and makes it possible to obtain a product in a few days.
- the method according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to recover a natural raw material currently considered as waste, which today requires significant, costly and unsatisfactory treatment.
- the invention also relates to a transformed urine, capable of being obtained by implementing the process according to the invention, that is to say transformed by implementing a process comprising at least one step basification at a pH greater than or equal to 8, at least one filtration step and at least one fermentation step.
- a pH greater than or equal to 9, preferably greater than or equal to 10 if the method does not include a step of adjusting the pH to a lower pH by adding an acid.
- the transformed urine also has at least one of the following characteristics, preferably at least two, even more preferably at least three or all:
- the urine transformed according to the invention is a complex matrix which notably comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It also contains secondary elements, such as calcium and magnesium, as well as trace elements, such as cobalt, copper, manganese and zinc.
- the urine transformed according to the invention can be in liquid form. It is then stored in any suitable container such as bottles, cans, drums or vats, preferably made of opaque plastic or metal resistant to corrosion of the basic product.
- Processed urine can also be in solid form, especially as granules, peels or powders.
- the granules and/or peels can be obtained from mineral substrates, such as zeolite and perlite, as well as from organic substrates, such as guano from bats or birds.
- the urine transformed according to the invention is preferably in compliance with the regulations in force concerning harmlessness, in particular on the content of metallic trace elements and of pathogenic organisms.
- a subject of the invention is also the use of the urine transformed according to the invention, in particular the transformed urine obtained by implementing the process according to the invention, as a fertilizing material.
- an object of the invention is a fertilizer comprising at least the product obtained by implementing the process according to the invention, that is to say a fertilizer comprising at least urine transformed according to the invention.
- the urine transformed according to the invention can be used as a fertilizing material for any type of plant, including in fields, and regardless of the growing media (compost, potting soil, coco, etc.) in particular:
- the use according to the invention is preferably carried out before sowing or in the first weeks of growth of the plants.
- fertilizing material such as mineral and/or organic fertilizers as well as amendments such as compost, in order to improve the absorption of minerals and/or to improve the final quality of the fertilizing material.
- the transformed urine is used to stimulate the growth of plants, in particular by stimulating growth in the vegetative phase via growth factors (“Plant Growth Promoting Factors”) produced by micro-organisms present in processed urine, in particular by bacteria.
- Plant Growth Promoting Factors produced by micro-organisms present in processed urine, in particular by bacteria.
- the transformed urine when the transformed urine is liquid, it is preferentially diluted in water.
- the dose of use of liquid product is recommended between 5 to 100L/ha diluted in 100 to 1000L of water.
- the liquid product is used at the rate of 5 to 50mL per liter of water,
- the transformed urine when the transformed urine is solid, it is preferentially applied directly to the ground.
- the dose of use of solid product is recommended between 0.5 to 5 kg/ha.
- the solid product is used at the rate of 0.5 to 5g per plant.
- the product according to the invention can be used in small quantities to obtain a significant effect on the growth of plants.
- the fertilizing material according to the invention comes from a natural product. Its process does not involve any solvent. It is in no way dangerous for humans or the environment.
- a subject of the invention is also the use of co-products obtained during the implementation of a process according to the invention.
- co-products are generated during the storage step before basification and during the fermentation step, and in particular:
- minerals in particular minerals chosen from nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus (struvite),
- the biofilm of microorganisms preferably the surface bacterial biofilm.
- Microorganism biofilm is produced by microorganisms during fermentation.
- the surface bacterial biofilm is produced by the bacteria during fermentation. It is composed of exopolysaccharides in particular.
- This surface film can be recovered using a scraper equipped with a mesh filter between 1 and 1 Opm. The biofilm can subsequently undergo various treatments, such as washing, dissolving, pressing and/or drying in the open air in order to obtain a material in liquid or solid form.
- co-products have characteristics which advantageously allow their use as fertilizing material, phytosanitary product, biocontrol or any other agricultural use.
- Example 1 Process for transforming a urine according to the invention with NaOH and Bacillus ⁇ Jh.
- An example of a method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- the mixture has a pH greater than or equal to 9, it can be stored under these conditions for up to 6 months in an airtight plastic container, at room temperature and away from light;
- basified and filtered urine 10g. L 1 of glucose, and add 1% by volume of an inoculum of Bacillus sp (IL for 100L of basified urine), at 30° C. for 5 days with continuous stirring (approximately 150 revolutions per minute); - recover the basified and transformed urine after recovery of the co-products and in particular of the biofilm formed.
- IL Bacillus sp
- the inoculum used was previously obtained as follows:
- the transformed urine obtained has the following characteristics:
- Example 2 Process for transforming a urine according to the invention with NaOH and Pseudomonas sp.
- An example of a method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- the mixture has a pH greater than 9, it can be stored under these conditions for up to 6 months in an airtight plastic container, at room temperature and away from light;
- the transformed urine obtained has the following characteristics:
- Example 3 Process for transforming a urine according to the invention with Ca(OH)2 and Paenibacillus sp.
- An example of a method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- the mixture has a pH greater than 10, it can be stored under these conditions for up to 6 months in an airtight plastic container, at room temperature and protected from light;
- basified and filtered urine 20g. L 1 of glucose, and add 1% by volume of an inoculum of Paenibacillus sp. (IL for 100 L of basified urine), at 32° C. for 4 days with continuous stirring (approximately 100 revolutions per minute);
- the transformed urine obtained has the following characteristics:
- Example 4 Process for transforming urine according to the invention with Ca(OH)2 and Micrococcus sp., with adjustment of the pH with lactic acid during fermentation
- An example of a method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- the mixture has a pH greater than 9, it can be stored under these conditions for up to 6 months in an airtight plastic container, at room temperature and protected from light;
- the inoculum used was previously obtained as follows: - basify 10 L of urine to reach a pH greater than or equal to 9, by adding 0.5% by weight of Ca(OH) 2 (50g of calcium hydroxide for 10L);
- the transformed urine obtained has the following characteristics:
- Example 5 Process for transforming urine according to the invention with basification with NaOH, then a step of adjusting the pH to acidic pH with lactic acid and fermentation with Lactobacillus sp
- An example of a method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- the mixture has a pH greater than 9.0, it can be stored under these conditions for up to 6 months in an airtight plastic container, at room temperature and protected from light;
- the inoculum used was previously obtained as follows:
- the final concentration of bacteria obtained is of the order of 10 6 CFU.mL 1 .
- Example 6 Process for transforming a urine according to the invention with basification with
- An example of a method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- the mixture has a pH greater than 8.0, it can be stored under these conditions for up to 6 months in an airtight plastic container, at room temperature and away from light;
- the inoculum used was previously obtained as follows:
- the final concentration of bacteria obtained is of the order of 10 6 CFU.mL 1 .
- Example 7 Process for transforming urine according to the invention with recovery of struvite, NaOH and Bacillus sp.
- An example of a method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- MgSC magnesium sulphate
- the mixture has a pH equal to 9.5, it can be stored under these conditions for up to 6 months in an airtight plastic container, at room temperature and protected from light;
- the inoculum used was previously obtained as follows:
- the basified and transformed urine obtained has the following characteristics:
- the aim of this test is to evaluate the effect of a base, sodium hydroxide (NaOH at 30.5%), on the pH of fresh urine.
- the test was carried out on fresh urine IL having less than 2 hours of storage.
- a range of NaOH concentrations were tested by weight relative to the weight of urine, between 0.05% and 2.5%.
- the purpose of this test is to evaluate the effect of sodium hydroxide (30.5% NaOH) on the pH of stored urine.
- the test was carried out on urine IL having been stored for 15 days in an airtight container.
- a range of NaOH concentrations were tested by weight relative to the weight of urine, between 0.05% and 2.5%.
- the stored urine has a higher pH than the fresh urine but that it is however necessary to bring a higher concentration of NaOH to obtain a pH higher than 10, namely at least 0.7% and for a pH greater than 11, more than 1%. It is thus preferred according to the invention to basify the fresh urine and not to store it before, especially since the storage of urine without basification according to the invention leads to a loss of its characteristics and its NPK content. , in particular via the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia.
- Example 8 Measurement of the growth capacity of the species Pseudomonas chlororaphis on basified urine
- the objective of this example is to evaluate the ability of a microorganism to grow on a medium based on basified urine.
- the microorganism tested in this assay is the native strain of Pseudomonas chlororaphis CNCM 1-5793. This species of bacteria was chosen because of its ability to grow at basic pH demonstrated by previous studies (Fillon et al., 1999). Material and methods
- the strain of P. chlororaphis used during this analysis is the indigenous strain CNCM I-5793 isolated from a sample of Gironde soil. This bacterial strain belongs to the Pseudomonadaceae family and the Pseudomonadales order.
- liquid NA medium 5 g/L yeast extract, 10 g/L peptones and 5 g/L of NaCl
- P. chlororaphis in pre-culture was inoculated on urine at 2 different pHs: a neutral pH (7) and a basic pH (9).
- Fresh urine was used to prepare the pH 7 and pH 9 urine solutions.
- the pH of the fresh urine is adjusted to 7 or 9 by adding 0.04% (w/w) or 0 .15% (w/w) of a sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH 30%) respectively.
- NaOH 30% sodium hydroxide solution
- the bacteria were added and the urine incubated in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks at 28° C. with shaking (150 rpm) for a period of 3 days under aerobic conditions by filling the Erlenmeyer flasks to half volume (100 mL).
- Counts of P. chlororaphis populations were carried out at T0 at the time of inoculation and after 24, 48 and 72 h of growth. For this, decimal dilutions of the culture to be analyzed are made and deposited (in 10 pL drops) on a box of "Nutrient Agar” agar medium. The dishes are then incubated at 28° C. for 1 day until colonies are obtained.
- the results obtained are presented in FIG. 3.
- the counts were carried out by counting the colonies on a Petri dish and the results are expressed in Colony-Forming Units per mL (CFU/mL).
- CFU/mL Colony-Forming Units per mL
- the results show that, whatever the pH (7 or 9), the indigenous strain of P. chlororaphis is capable of developing on urine medium since the populations observed reach a level >1 c 10 8 CFU/ mL with an initial inoculation rate of 5 x 10 5 CFU/mL.
- After 24 and 48h the results show significant differences between the 2 modalities with a higher population on urine at pH 9 (7.83 x 107 CFU/mL at 48h) compared with urine at pH 7 (2.95 x 107 CFU/mL at 48h). This result therefore tells us that the growth of P. chlororaphis is favored at a basic pH, which shows the benefit of using basified urine.
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FR2102612A FR3120863B1 (fr) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Procédé de traitement de l’urine humaine ou animale par basification et utilisations de l’urine obtenue en particulier comme matière fertilisante |
PCT/EP2022/056877 WO2022194959A1 (fr) | 2021-03-16 | 2022-03-16 | Procede de traitement de l'urine humaine ou animale par basification et utilisations de l'urine obtenue en particulier comme matiere fertilisante |
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AU (1) | AU2022237852A1 (fr) |
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NZ501895A (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 2002-11-26 | Ulrich Braun | Process and apparatus for treating waste waters |
KR100451856B1 (ko) * | 2004-06-16 | 2004-10-08 | 서희동 | 축산분뇨의 퇴비화방법 |
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WO2022194959A1 (fr) | 2022-09-22 |
FR3120863B1 (fr) | 2023-10-06 |
CA3212473A1 (fr) | 2022-09-22 |
BR112023018860A2 (pt) | 2023-11-21 |
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