EP4031514A1 - Procédé de traitement de l'urine humaine ou animale et utilisations de l'urine transformée obtenue en particulier comme matière fertilisante - Google Patents
Procédé de traitement de l'urine humaine ou animale et utilisations de l'urine transformée obtenue en particulier comme matière fertilisanteInfo
- Publication number
- EP4031514A1 EP4031514A1 EP20785444.9A EP20785444A EP4031514A1 EP 4031514 A1 EP4031514 A1 EP 4031514A1 EP 20785444 A EP20785444 A EP 20785444A EP 4031514 A1 EP4031514 A1 EP 4031514A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- urine
- fermentation
- acidified
- bacteria
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 271
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 94
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000186610 Lactobacillus sp. Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001609975 Enterococcaceae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001468155 Lactobacillaceae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001609976 Leuconostocaceae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000443 biocontrol Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001112724 Lactobacillales Species 0.000 claims description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,3,5,2,4,6$l^{2}-trioxadisilaluminane 2,4-dioxide;dihydroxide;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2].O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1.O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1 UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052676 chabazite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004476 plant protection product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001248479 Pseudomonadales Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 14
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 9
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- CKMXBZGNNVIXHC-UHFFFAOYSA-L ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate Chemical compound [NH4+].O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CKMXBZGNNVIXHC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052567 struvite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 241000194018 Streptococcaceae Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000792859 Enema Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007920 enema Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940095399 enema Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000203809 Actinomycetales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 241001112741 Bacillaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193833 Bacillales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000131971 Bradyrhizobiaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000253402 Burkholderiaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001600148 Burkholderiales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002444 Exopolysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010049290 Feminisation acquired Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000034793 Feminization Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001141128 Flavobacteriales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001279371 Frankiaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001112734 Paenibacillaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000982667 Phyllobacteriaceae Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000589157 Rhizobiales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000131970 Rhodospirillaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001185316 Rhodospirillales Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002515 guano Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940035901 lactobacillus sp Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000816 toxic dose Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
- C05C9/005—Post-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
- C05F3/04—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure from human faecal masses
Definitions
- the invention relates to the treatment and recovery of human or animal urine.
- the subject of the invention is a process for treating urine and the use of the transformed urine obtained, as well as by-products of the process, in particular as raw materials used for the manufacture of fertilizers.
- Urine is considered a waste that must be eliminated. Its current method of disposal, mostly via sewerage, is problematic for wastewater treatment plants and more generally concerns the sustainable management of water resources. The nitrogen and micropollutants content of the urine in fact poses problems for the development of algae and the feminization of fish.
- urine is not stable when collected. It rapidly loses its characteristics and its NPK content, in particular via the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia, which makes its industrial use unsuitable and currently impossible.
- the fertilizer obtained by carrying out this process has a pH of less than 6, and a bacteria concentration of at least 10 6 CFU.mL 1 .
- the subject of the invention is therefore a method for treating human or animal urine comprising:
- the method comprises other steps and in particular an optional step before the acidification step, which consists in recovering from the urine at least one mineral in the form of a precipitate, in particular at least one mineral chosen from nitrogen and potassium. or phosphorus.
- a subject of the invention is also the urine acidified and transformed by fermentation, capable of being obtained by carrying out the process, and which has at least the following characteristics: a pH less than 6, and a concentration of bacteria d. 'at least lC ⁇ UFC.mL 1 .
- the pH of the urine would naturally rise between 8 and 9, and the transformed urine would not include bacteria because the urine would be loaded with ammonia, which would be at toxic concentrations. for bacteria.
- the invention also relates to the use of such a urine acidified and transformed by fermentation, in particular as a fertilizing material based on bacterial inoculum, in particular for crops in open fields, market gardening and horticulture.
- the invention also relates to the use of the co-products possibly obtained before the acidification step (in particular minerals in the form of precipitates) or during the urine fermentation step (in particular the biofilm formed during this step). step), in particular as a fertilizer, as a phytosanitary product or as a biocontrol product for agricultural use.
- Figure 1 shows, in the form of a curve, the results obtained for the acidification of fresh urine with lactic acid.
- Figure 2 shows, in the form of a curve, the results obtained for the acidification of the urine stored with lactic acid.
- FIG. 3 represents, in the form of a histogram, the results obtained within 4 weeks in terms of the weight of fresh biomass of the aerial parts of corn treated with different volumes of urine according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 represents, in the form of a histogram, the results obtained within 4 weeks in terms of the weight of fresh biomass of the corn roots treated with different volumes of urine according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 represents, in the form of a histogram, the results obtained within 4 weeks in terms of weight of total fresh biomass of maize treated with different volumes of urine according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 represents, in the form of a histogram, the results obtained within 4 weeks in terms of the weight of fresh aerial biomass of vines treated with different volumes of urine according to the invention.
- FIG. 7 represents, in the form of a histogram, the results obtained within 4 weeks in terms of the weight of fresh root biomass from vines treated with different volumes of urine according to the invention.
- FIG. 8 represents, in the form of a histogram, the results obtained within 4 weeks in terms of the weight of total fresh biomass of vines treated with different volumes of urine according to the invention.
- acidified urine within the meaning of the invention, is meant urine whose pH value has been reduced relative to the pH value of the initial urine.
- the pH of acidified urine is an acidic pH.
- transformed urine within the meaning of the invention, is meant urine which has undergone a process which has transformed at least one characteristic of natural urine, so that it is no longer a natural product but of a processed product obtained from a natural product.
- the transformed urine is urine transformed at least by fermentation, for example by lactic fermentation.
- the subject of the invention is a method for treating human or animal urine comprising at least the implementation of the following steps:
- Human or animal urine is collected by any method suitable for implementing the method according to the invention.
- human urine it can in particular be collected from various sources such as toilet rental companies, festivals, medical analysis laboratories, and communities.
- animal urine it can in particular be collected from various sources such as breeders and veterinary analysis laboratories.
- Human or animal urine is collected in containers such as cans, barrels or tanks for example.
- the containers may contain one or more acids for carrying out the acidification step.
- the method according to the invention can optionally comprise a preliminary step before the acidification step, which consists in precipitating the co-products generated during the storage step before acidification.
- These co-products are preferably minerals, in particular minerals chosen from nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus (struvite).
- the process consists in adding magnesium salts in solution in order to precipitate the phosphorus present, preferably at a volumetric ratio of 1: 1 (Mg: P) .
- This precipitate can be recovered by filtration through a mesh filter of between 10 and 30 ⁇ m.
- the precipitate can subsequently undergo various treatments, such as an enema, dissolution, pressing and / or drying in the open air in order to obtain a material in liquid or solid form.
- the urine acidification step is carried out so that the urine has a pH less than 6, preferably less than or equal to 5.5 and according to one embodiment less than or equal to 4.
- the acidification urine at a pH below 6 is necessary because it helps to inhibit the growth of pathogens and prevents the spontaneous reaction of hydrolysis of urea to ammonia, so the urine retains its nitrogen concentration. Acidification also allows urine to have the pH required for fermentation, especially lactic acid fermentation.
- the pH of the urine must also be adapted to the fermentation conditions of the microorganisms used for the fermentation. During fermentation, it may also be necessary to stabilize the pH of the urine, either by adding a base in the event of a decrease in pH, preferably chosen from among calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or mixtures thereof; either by adding an acid in the event of an increase in pH, preferably chosen from sulfuric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, lactic acid or their mixtures.
- a base in the event of a decrease in pH preferably chosen from among calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or mixtures thereof
- an acid in the event of an increase in pH preferably chosen from sulfuric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, lactic acid or their mixtures.
- the urine is preferably acidified to 4 ⁇ pH ⁇ 5 when the bacteria used for the lacto-fermentation step are bacteria of the Lactobacillaceae family,
- the urine is preferably acidified to 4.5 ⁇ pH ⁇ 5.5 when the bacteria used for the lacto-fermentation step are bacteria of the Streptococcaceae family,
- the urine is preferably acidified to 4.5 ⁇ pH ⁇ 5.5 when the bacteria used for the lacto-fermentation step are bacteria of the Pseudomonadaceae family,
- the urine is preferably acidified to 4 ⁇ pH ⁇ 5 when the bacteria used for the lacto-fermentation step are bacteria of the Enterococcaceae family,
- the urine is preferably acidified to 3.5 ⁇ pH ⁇ 4.5 when the bacteria used for the lacto-fermentation step are bacteria of the Leuconostocaceae family,
- the urine is preferably acidified to 5 ⁇ pH ⁇ 6 when the bacteria used for the lacto-fermentation step are bacteria of the Bifidiobacteriaceae family.
- the acidification step can be carried out anywhere that makes it possible to obtain urine with the desired acidic pH.
- the acidification step can be carried out by adding to the urine at least one acidic pH adjuster, preferably at least one acid, and even more preferably at least one acid chosen from sulfuric acid, acid acetic, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid and lactic acid.
- the acid used to acidify the urine is added to the urine at a concentration of between 0.1 and 10% by weight of the total weight of the mixture consisting of the urine and acid, preferably between 0.5 and 2.5%.
- the acidification step is carried out by adding at least lactic acid to the urine
- the acidification step is preferably carried out by adding to the urine between 0.5 and 5% lactic acid in weight of the total weight of the urine and acid mixture, even more preferably between 1 and 2%.
- the acidification step is carried out by adding at least bacteria in acidic medium
- the acidification step is carried out by adding to the urine between 1 and 10% of the mixture of bacteria in acidic medium by weight by weight total of the urine and acidifying mixture, even more preferably between 3 and 5%.
- the acidification step is preferably carried out at the time of collecting the urine to avoid the reaction of hydrolysis of urea to ammonia.
- the acidification step is carried out by adding at least one acid to the container in which the urine is received or poured, upstream of the reception of the urine, preferably at the bottom. container before urine is poured into it.
- the container, once filled, is preferably hermetically sealed for transport in order to limit gas exchange in the open air, and the container is preferably made of plastic or metal resistant to corrosion by acid.
- the acid (s) can be replaced by a mixture of bacteria in an acidic medium, such that the acidification is associated with an inoculation of bacteria.
- the acidification step of the method according to the invention is carried out by adding to the urine at least one mixture of bacteria in an acidic medium, such that the acidification is associated with an inoculation bacteria.
- the end of the acidification step is carried out by adding to the urine at least one mixture of bacteria in an acidic medium, such that the acidification is associated with an inoculation bacteria.
- the NEU / N-total ratio of urine is less than or equal to 30%, and / or
- the N-urea / N-total ratio of the urine is greater than or equal to 50%, and / or
- the acidification step lasts less than 12 days, even more preferably less than 7 days, and in particular between 12 hours and 7 days.
- the method according to the invention can comprise an additional step of storing the urine after acidification.
- the urine can be stored after the acidification step and before the filtration step, or after the filtration step and before the lactic fermentation transformation step.
- the urine can be stored for an indefinite period, preferably for a period less than or equal to 6 months. Indeed, beyond 6 months urea degrades strongly into ammonia which makes the environment unfavorable to microbial growth.
- Storage can be carried out in any suitable container. This can be the container in which the urine was collected or any other plastic or metal container resistant to acid corrosion. Preferably, storage is carried out protected from light in order to avoid the effect of UV on the composition of the urine and at room temperature (approximately 20 ° C). Extreme temperatures, either below 0 ° C or above 40 ° C, are unfavorable for storage because they can modify the composition of the urine.
- the acidified urine before or after possible storage, preferably just before the stage of transformation by fermentation, comprises a stage of filtration.
- This filtration step must make it possible to remove the undesirable particles contained in the urine, such as in particular hairs, hair, pollutants in chelated form, residual salts and any other particles that may be present (dead leaves, gravel, etc. ).
- the filtration step is preferably carried out at least by filtration on a filter with a mesh size of between 0.1 and 80 ⁇ m. Particularly, the filtration is carried out at 25pm. This helps to remove unwanted particles, depending on the quality of the urine stored.
- the filtration can be carried out on a filter absorbing organic compounds, such as an activated carbon filter, chabazite, zeolite, or any other filtration system.
- a filter absorbing organic compounds such as an activated carbon filter, chabazite, zeolite, or any other filtration system.
- the process according to the invention comprises a stage of fermentation, that is to say of transformation under the influence of microorganisms.
- the microorganisms used for the fermentation step are bacteria. These bacteria can be lactic acid bacteria (in this case for fermentation we speak specifically of lactic fermentation or lacto-fermentation) or non-lactic bacteria.
- the step of transforming the urine by fermentation consists in adding to the urine at least one carbon source and at least one inoculum of bacteria.
- the carbon source is preferably added in an amount of 1 to 40 g. L 1 relative to the volume of acidified and filtered urine to be transformed.
- the carbon source can be diverse. It is preferably chosen from fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose and their mixtures.
- the bacterial inoculum is preferably added at a rate of 0.1 to 10% by volume relative to the volume of the mixture of acidified and filtered urine and of the carbon source.
- the inoculum can be obtained in particular from a stock solution consisting at least of:
- the fermentation step can be carried out in particular at a temperature between 25 and 35 ° C. It is preferably carried out at a temperature corresponding to the optimum growth temperature of the microorganism (s) used for the fermentation.
- the temperature can be for example:
- the fermentation step is carried out for a period of at least 12 hours, preferably for a period of between 3 and 12 days. This duration varies depending on the microorganisms and the conditions used for the fermentation.
- One or more bacteria can be used for fermentation. Fermentation can therefore be carried out with at least two different bacteria. It can be at least two different lactic acid bacteria in the case where the fermentation is a lactic acid fermentation. If the fermentation is carried out with one or more non-lactic bacteria, these are preferably chosen from bacteria belonging to at least one of the following orders: Rhizobiales (in particular the Bradyrhizobiaceae, Rhizobiaceae, and Phyllobacteriaceae families), Bacillales (in particular the families Bacillaceae and Paenibacillaceae), Rhodospirillales (in particular the family Rhodospirillaceae), Actinomycetales (in particular the family Frankiaceae), Burkholderiales (in particular the family Burkholderiaceae), Flavobacteriales (in particular the family Flavobactericeae), Pseudomonaceae family Pseudomonaceae (in particular) .
- Rhizobiales in particular the Bradyrhizobiaceae,
- the fermentation is carried out with one or more lactic acid bacteria
- the fermentation is carried out with at least one bacterium chosen from bacteria of the order Lactobacillales, in particular at least one bacterium whose family is chosen from Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Enterococcaceae , Leuconostocaceae, Bifidiobacteriaceae.
- Different implementation variants of the fermentation step of the process according to the invention can be, for example:
- the fermentation is carried out with at least Lactobacillus sp.
- the fermentation step is carried out with at least one Lactobacillus sp. at a temperature between 30 and 35 ° C, for between 10 and 12 days, in urine acidified to pH between 3.5 and 5.0, with the addition of sugar, preferably sucrose, between 20 and 25g. L 1 .
- the method according to the invention can also comprise one or more additional steps.
- the method according to the invention may comprise one or more step (s) which consist (s) in adding additional constituents to the urine, such as in particular sources of nitrogen (in urea, nitrate / nitrite or ammonium), phosphorus and / or potassium, secondary elements (calcium and / or magnesium) or trace elements (cobalt, copper, iron, manganese and / or zinc).
- additional constituents such as in particular sources of nitrogen (in urea, nitrate / nitrite or ammonium), phosphorus and / or potassium, secondary elements (calcium and / or magnesium) or trace elements (cobalt, copper, iron, manganese and / or zinc).
- additional constituents such as in particular sources of nitrogen (in urea, nitrate / nitrite or ammonium), phosphorus and / or potassium, secondary elements (calcium and / or magnesium) or trace elements (cobalt, copper, iron, manganese and / or zinc).
- additional constituents such as in
- it can comprise an additional step of adding at least one base in the acidified urine, with the aim of obtaining an optimum pH for the growth of the bacteria used during the step. fermentation.
- the method according to the invention can therefore comprise a step of adding at least one base to the acidified urine.
- the addition of the base is carried out so that the urine has a higher pH than that obtained after the acidification step. Preferably, this pH is less than 6.
- the pH is adjusted so that the urine has a pH suitable for the growth of the bacteria used for the fermentation of the urine. Adjusting the pH to the desired value is achieved by changing the concentration of the base in the urine depending on the pH of the acidified urine, the desired pH, and the base used.
- the base used for the step of adding a base to the acidified urine can in particular be chosen from calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and their mixtures.
- This variant of the process comprising a step of adding a base, instead of reaching the desired pH only by acidification of the urine, makes it possible to reach the desired pH in several steps (at least two steps): acidification then addition of at least one base.
- the method according to the invention allows the pH of the urine before transformation by fermentation to have a pH suitable for the growth of the bacteria used for the fermentation of the urine. .
- the step of adding a base to the acidified urine can be carried out at any time during the process after the acidification step and before the step of transforming the urine by fermentation.
- it may also be necessary to stabilize the pH of the urine either by adding a base in the event of a decrease in the pH, preferably chosen from calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or mixtures thereof; either by adding an acid in the event of an increase in pH, preferably chosen from sulfuric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, lactic acid or their mixtures.
- the method according to the invention can comprise a step of stabilizing the pH, by adding at least one base or at least one acid during the step of transforming the urine by fermentation.
- the method according to the invention can comprise the succession of at least the following steps: a step of acidifying the urine so that the urine has a pH of less than 6, a step addition of at least one base in the urine (the pH being higher but preferably always less than 6),
- a step of transformation of the urine by fermentation optionally comprising a step of stabilizing the pH, by adding at least one base or an acid.
- the method according to the invention can comprise the succession of at least the following steps: a step of acidifying the urine so that the urine has a pH of less than 6,
- a urine filtration step a step of adding at least one base in the urine (the pH being higher but preferably always less than 6),
- a step of transformation of the urine by fermentation optionally comprising a step of stabilizing the pH, by adding at least one base or an acid.
- the process according to the invention can optionally comprise one or more additional stages before acidification, during the process or after fermentation.
- the urine obtained after the fermentation step is in liquid form.
- the method according to the invention can also comprise an additional step of concentrating microorganisms, in particular bacteria (by any suitable means, in particular centrifugation, dehydration and / or lyophilization) so as to obtain a product in solid form.
- the process according to the invention can be implemented on an industrial scale, and makes it possible to obtain a product in a few days.
- the process according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to recover a natural raw material currently considered as waste, which today requires significant, expensive and unsatisfactory treatments.
- Acidified and transformed urine The subject of the invention is also an acidified and transformed urine, capable of being obtained by carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the acidified and transformed urine also has at least one of the following characteristics, preferably at least two, even more preferably at least three or all:
- the acidified and transformed urine according to the invention is a complex matrix which comprises in particular nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It also contains secondary elements, such as calcium and magnesium, as well as trace elements, such as cobalt, copper, manganese and zinc.
- the urine acidified and transformed according to the invention can be in liquid form. It is then stored in any suitable container such as bottles, cans, drums or vats, preferably in opaque plastic or in metal resistant to corrosion from acid product.
- Acidified and transformed urine can also be in solid form, especially in granular, peeled or powdered form.
- the granules and / or the peels can be obtained from mineral substrates, such as zeolite and perlite, as well as from organic substrates, such as bat or bird guano.
- the urine acidified and transformed according to the invention is preferably in compliance with the regulations in force concerning harmlessness, in particular on the content of trace metal elements and of pathogenic organisms.
- the subject of the invention is also the use of the acidified and transformed urine according to the invention, in particular of the acidified and transformed urine obtained by carrying out the process. according to the invention, as a fertilizer.
- the acidified and transformed urine according to the invention can be used as fertilizer for all types of plants, including in fields, and whatever the growing media (compost, potting soil, etc.). coconut fiber, etc.) in particular:
- the use according to the invention is preferably carried out before semi or in the first weeks of plant growth.
- fertilizer can also be used in combination with other fertilizers, such as mineral and / or organic fertilizers as well as amendments such as compost, in order to improve the absorption of minerals and / or to improve the final quality of the crop. fertilizer.
- the acidified and transformed urine is used to stimulate the growth of plants, in particular by stimulating growth in the vegetative phase by means of growth factors (“Plant Growth Promoting Factors”). produced by microorganisms in acidified and transformed urine, especially bacteria.
- Plant Growth Promoting Factors produced by microorganisms in acidified and transformed urine, especially bacteria.
- the acidified and transformed urine is liquid, it is preferably diluted in water.
- the use dose of liquid product is recommended between 5 to 50L / ha diluted in 100 to 500L of water.
- the liquid product is used at the rate of 5 to 50mL per liter of water,
- the transformed urine when the transformed urine is solid, it is preferably applied directly to the ground.
- the use rate of solid product is recommended between 0.5 to 5 kg / ha.
- the solid product is used at a rate of 0.5 to 5 g per plant.
- the product according to the invention can be used in small quantities to obtain a significant effect on the growth of plants.
- the fertilizing material according to the invention is obtained from a natural product. Its process does not involve any solvent. It is in no way dangerous for humans or for the environment.
- the subject of the invention is also the use of co-products obtained during the implementation of a process according to the invention.
- by-products are generated during the storage step before acidification and during the fermentation step, and in particular:
- minerals in particular minerals chosen from nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus (struvite),
- Bacterial surface biofilm is produced by bacteria during fermentation. It is composed of exopolysaccharides in particular. This surface film can be recovered using a scraper fitted with a mesh filter between 1 and 10 ⁇ m. The biofilm can subsequently undergo various treatments, such as enema, dissolving, pressing and / or drying in the open air in order to obtain a material in liquid or solid form.
- Example 1 Process for transforming a urine according to the invention with lactic acid and Lactobacillus sp.
- An example of a method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- the mixture has a pH equal to 4.0, it can be stored under these conditions for up to 6 months in an airtight plastic container, at room temperature and protected from light;
- the inoculum used was obtained beforehand as follows:
- the final concentration of bacteria obtained is of the order of 10 6 CFU.mL 1 .
- Example 2 Process for transforming a urine according to the invention with lactic acid and Lactobacillus sp.
- An example of a method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- the mixture has a pH equal to 4.0, it can be stored under these conditions for up to 6 months in an airtight plastic container, at room temperature and protected from light,
- the inoculum used was obtained beforehand as follows:
- the final concentration of bacteria obtained is of the order of 10 6 CFU.mL 1 .
- Example 3 Process for transforming a urine according to the invention with nitric acid and Bifidiobacterium bifidum.
- An example of a method according to the invention comprises the following steps: - place 0.5% by weight of nitric acid in the bottom of the plastic container (for 100L of urine, add 0.5kg of nitric acid, or about 0.36L);
- the mixture has a pH equal to 4.0, it can be stored under these conditions for up to 6 months in an airtight plastic container, at room temperature and protected from light;
- the inoculum used was obtained beforehand as follows:
- the final concentration of bacteria obtained is of the order of 10 6 CFU.mL 1 .
- Example 4 Process for transforming a urine according to the invention with recovery of struvite, lactic acid and Lactobacillus sp.
- An example of a method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- MgSC magnesium sulphate
- the mixture has a pH equal to 4.0, it can be stored under these conditions for up to 6 months in an airtight plastic container, at room temperature and protected from light;
- the inoculum used was obtained beforehand as follows:
- the final concentration of bacteria obtained is of the order of 10 6 CFU.mL 1 .
- Example 5 Process for transforming a urine according to the invention with lactic acid, sodium hydroxide and Lactobacillus sp, with stabilization of the pH during fermentation.
- An example of a method according to the invention comprises the following steps: - place 1% by weight of lactic acid in the bottom of the plastic container (for 100L of urine, add 1kg of lactic acid, ie approximately 0.83L);
- the mixture has a pH equal to 3, because of variations linked to the origin of the urine;
- - urine can be stored in an airtight plastic container at room temperature and protected from light
- the inoculum used was obtained beforehand as follows:
- the final concentration of bacteria obtained is of the order of 10 6 CFU.mL 1 .
- the aim of this test is to evaluate the effect of lactic acid on the pH of fresh urine, in order to achieve optimal pH for bacterial growth.
- the test was carried out on IL urine having less than 2 hours of storage.
- a range of lactic acid concentrations was tested by weight relative to urine weight, and which is as follows: 0.1%; 0.25%; 0.5%; 0.75%; 1%; 2.5% and 5%.
- Figure 1 represents the variation of the pH of the fresh urine according to the concentration of lactic acid. It is noted that the addition of 0.1% lactic acid makes it possible to acidify the urine, and that the addition of 0.25% makes it possible to obtain a pH below 6. A pH of 4 is obtained after adding 0.5% to 0.75% lactic acid.
- the aim of this test is to evaluate the effect of lactic acid on the pH of stored urine, in order to achieve optimal pH for bacterial growth.
- the test was carried out on IL of urine having stored for 15 days in an airtight container.
- a range of lactic acid concentrations was tested by weight relative to urine weight, and which is as follows: 0.5%; 1%; 2%; 3%; 4%; 5%, 10% and 20%.
- FIG. 2 represents the variation in the pH of the stored urine as a function of the concentration of lactic acid. It is observed that the stored urine has a higher pH than the fresh urine and that it is necessary to provide a greater concentration of lactic acid to obtain a pH below 6, namely between 1 and 2%. A pH of 4 is obtained after the addition of 4% lactic acid.
- the acidified and transformed urine according to the invention makes it possible to improve the growth of the treated plants, and this to a greater extent than the positive control.
- Demonstration of the Efficacy of the Invention on the Growth of Viqne Plants The aim of this test is to demonstrate the efficacy, as a fertilizer, of an acidified and transformed urine according to the invention.
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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FR1910186A FR3100808B1 (fr) | 2019-09-16 | 2019-09-16 | Procédé de traitement de l’urine humaine ou animale et utilisations de l’urine transformée obtenue en particulier comme matière fertilisante |
PCT/EP2020/075796 WO2021052977A1 (fr) | 2019-09-16 | 2020-09-16 | Procédé de traitement de l'urine humaine ou animale et utilisations de l'urine transformée obtenue en particulier comme matière fertilisante |
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US (1) | US20220402834A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4031514A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN114555541A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2020350894A1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112022004848A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3150889A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3100808B1 (fr) |
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GB506751A (en) * | 1937-12-02 | 1939-06-02 | Arthur Carpmael | Improvements in or relating to the preservation of manure and manure water |
CA1099943A (fr) * | 1977-11-28 | 1981-04-28 | Richard R. Davidson | Traitement de dechets animaux de facon a produire des materiaux que l'on peut utiliser comme fourrage ou engrais |
WO1998055402A1 (fr) * | 1997-06-04 | 1998-12-10 | Ulrich Braun | Procede et dispositif de traitement des eaux usees |
CN1765841A (zh) * | 2004-10-26 | 2006-05-03 | 黄海智 | 畜禽粪尿无害化处理和资源化利用的方法 |
CN101081748A (zh) * | 2006-05-29 | 2007-12-05 | 天津市汉沽区福祥肥料加工厂 | 畜禽粪尿处理方法 |
KR101097854B1 (ko) * | 2010-06-09 | 2011-12-23 | 박명수 | 유기질 비료 및 그 제조방법 |
CN104843938A (zh) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-08-19 | 绵阳市勇辉生态农业股份有限公司 | 一种利用猪粪尿生产沼气的方法 |
CN109354350A (zh) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-02-19 | 颍上县南照镇卜林村志明养殖有限公司 | 一种猪粪便处理方法 |
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US20220402834A1 (en) | 2022-12-22 |
WO2021052977A1 (fr) | 2021-03-25 |
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ZA202203217B (en) | 2022-11-30 |
BR112022004848A2 (pt) | 2022-06-07 |
FR3100808B1 (fr) | 2022-05-13 |
CN114555541A (zh) | 2022-05-27 |
FR3100808A1 (fr) | 2021-03-19 |
AU2020350894A1 (en) | 2022-03-31 |
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