EP4306850A1 - Steuerverfahren für einen gasheizkessel - Google Patents

Steuerverfahren für einen gasheizkessel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4306850A1
EP4306850A1 EP22185098.5A EP22185098A EP4306850A1 EP 4306850 A1 EP4306850 A1 EP 4306850A1 EP 22185098 A EP22185098 A EP 22185098A EP 4306850 A1 EP4306850 A1 EP 4306850A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
load
lambda value
max
combustion appliance
value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22185098.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andrea Pisoni
Job Rutgers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BDR Thermea Group BV
Original Assignee
BDR Thermea Group BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BDR Thermea Group BV filed Critical BDR Thermea Group BV
Priority to EP22185098.5A priority Critical patent/EP4306850A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2023/066919 priority patent/WO2024012837A1/en
Publication of EP4306850A1 publication Critical patent/EP4306850A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/102—Flame diffusing means using perforated plates
    • F23D2203/1023—Flame diffusing means using perforated plates with specific free passage areas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the operation of a combustion appliance, in particular a gas boiler. Also, the invention relates to a computer program product executed by a computer or control unit carrying out the above method, a data processing apparatus comprising a processor for executing said computer program product, and a computer readable data carrier having stored thereon the computer program product. In addition, the invention relates to a combustion appliance comprising means for carrying out the method.
  • Gas boilers combust gas fuel to heat water for domestic use and/or central heating system facilities in buildings.
  • the boilers can be used to operate in different modes, such as continuous-flow heaters, for preparing hot water, etc.
  • the power output is substantially determined by the setting of the supply of fuel gas and air and by the mixture ratio between gas and air that is set.
  • the temperature produced by the flame is also, among other things, a function of the mix ratio between fuel gas and air.
  • An important factor influencing the safety of the boiler is the flame or burner stability, which is defined in terms of a stable combustion and thus no or next to no occurrence of flashbacks.
  • the flame speed is an important factor on the flame stability and a high flame speed can cause a flashback.
  • the flame speed becomes greater than the mixture velocity, the flame can traverse in the upstream direction, which is toward the burner deck and even across the burner deck into the burner causing a so-called flashback.
  • Flashback can be triggered e.g. by a change in a ratio of the air to the fuel gas in the mixture, by a change in composition of the fuel gas.
  • blow-off may occur which means that the flame is blown-off the burner deck, with the consequence that the flame extinguishes or suffers incomplete combustion.
  • the flame speed is a function of the ratio of air to fuel gas in the mixture (in the following this ratio can also be indicated as lambda). Around lambda 1 the flame speed is the highest and if lambda increases the flame speed decreases.
  • the object is solved by a method for the operation of a combustion appliance, in particular a gas boiler, wherein the combustion appliance is operable between a minimum load and a maximum load, the method comprising:
  • the value of the air to the fuel gas ratio in the gas mixture is controlled to avoid the risk of flashback and at the same time. to reduce the emissions in the flue and the presence of NOx.
  • the lambda value in a load range between the minimum load and the maximum load, the lambda value first decreases and then increases or the lambda value first decreases and then is constant.
  • stopping the decrease of lambda value can occur by increasing the lambda value or by keeping the lambda value constant.
  • the lambda value is not continuously lowered when passing from the minimum load to the maximum load but there is a range wherein said value increases or remains constant. It is noted that this trend goes beyond the normal fluctuations of the measured value of lambda.
  • the load range between the minimum load and the maximum load comprises a first load range (comprising the minimum load), wherein the lambda value continuously decreases, and a second load range (consecutive the first load range and comprising the maximum load), wherein the lambda value does not decrease any more, i.e., continuously increases or is constant.
  • the lambda value stops to decrease when the load has reached at least 80% of the maximum load, in particular 90% of the maximum load.
  • the lambda value stops to decrease at a reference load value, wherein in a load range between the reference load value and the maximum load, the lambda value increases, in particular continuously increases or the lambda value is constant.
  • the reference load value is a load value close to the maximum load. In other words, the behaviour of stopping decreasing the lambda value occurs when the combustion appliance is almost operating at the maximum load.
  • the ratio between the lambda value at the minimum load and the lambda value at the maximum load is lower than 1.20, in particular 1.13. In this way, there is a limited variation of the lambda value when the combustion appliance is operating at the minimum load and at a maximum load.
  • the lambda value is higher than 1.3, in particular higher than1.5, when the combustion appliance is operated at the maximum load.
  • the lambda value can be 1.6 when the combustion appliance is operated at the maximum load.
  • the lambda value is higher than 1.7, in particular 1.8, when the combustion appliance is operated at the minimum load.
  • the lambda value can be 1.92 when the combustion appliance is operated at the minimum load.
  • the lambda value in the load range between an average load and the maximum load, is, in particular continuously, lowered, in particular by less than 2%, and then is increased or is constant, the average load being the average value of the lambda in the load range between the minimum load and the maximum load.
  • the average load is defined as the difference between the maximum load value and the minimum load value divided by 2 and added to the minimum load value.
  • the lambda value at the average load is higher than 1.5, in particular is comprised between 1.51 and 1.56. In other words, once the combustion appliance is operating at the average load, the lambda value has almost reached the minimum value.
  • the maximum load is comprised between 27kW and 29 kW, in particular 28kW and the minimum load is comprised between 6kW and 7kW, in particular 6.5kW.
  • a computer program product comprises instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer or control unit, cause the computer or the control unit to carry out the inventive method.
  • a data processing apparatus comprises a processor for executing the inventive computer program product. Also, a computer readable data carrier is provided, the carrier having stored thereon the inventive computer program product.
  • a combustion appliance in particular a gas boiler, the combustion appliance comprising means for carrying out the inventive method
  • combustion appliances can include furnaces, water heaters, boilers, direct/in-direct make-up air heaters, power/jet burners and any other residential, commercial or industrial combustion appliance.
  • the appliance including the present system can be a gas boiler for the combustion of hydrogen gas.
  • a fuel gas that comprises at least 20% hydrogen or pure hydrogen.
  • the combustion appliance comprises a burner, wherein the ratio between the perforated surface area of the burner and the total surface area of the burner is comprised between 15% and 20%, in particular 18.7%.
  • the particular configuration of the burner in terms of perforated surface area as well as of the manifold mixer in terms of cross section area can reduce the pressure loss of the combustion appliance.
  • the reduction of pressure loss can affect the setting parameters to achieve a bigger margin of operation.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a heating system 15 comprising a combustion appliance 1 such as gas boiler used for the combustion of fuel gas, for example containing hydrocarbons and/or hydrogen.
  • the fuel gas is mixed with air and is provided to the burner 5 through a gas mixture channel 8, the burner 5 being coupled to a heat exchanger 7 for heating water for domestic use and/or central heating system facilities in buildings.
  • the gas mixture channel 8 receives air from an air supply line 9 and fuel gas from a gas supply line 10.
  • the flow of air - and correspondingly the flow of the air/fuel gas mixture - can be regulated by a fan element 2 located in the air supply line 9.
  • the fan element 2 is located upstream the region where the fuel gas is inserted into the gas mixture channel 8.
  • the gas supply line 10 is provided with a gas valve 3 for regulating the fuel gas flow entering the gas mixture channel 8.
  • the heating system 15 comprises furthermore a control unit 4 connected to the fan element 2 and the gas valve 3 to regulate and eventually adapt the air to fuel gas ratio.
  • a manifold mixer 6 is provided in gas mixture channel 8 at the joint region where the gas supply line 10 is connected to the gas mixture channel 8.
  • the control unit 4 can regulate the air to fuel gas ratio in the gas mixture channel 8 that is supplied to the burner 5. Accordingly, the value of lambda can be varied during the operation of the combustion appliance. For example, if the combustion appliance 1 is operating between a minimum load to a maximum load, the value of lambda can be changed in the load range between the minimum load and the maximum load.
  • Figure 2 shows a flow chart of the method 100 for controlling the operation of the combustion appliance 1 and in particular for operating a gas boiler, as described above, when operating between the minimum load and the maximum load.
  • the method comprises providing a mixture of air and fuel gas to the combustion appliance 1 and at step S102 the method comprises controlling one or more actuators to regulate the air flow and/or the fuel gas flow.
  • the actuators can be for example the fan element 2 to regulate the air flow and the gas valve 3 to regulate the fuel gas flow.
  • the air to fuel gas ratio of the mixture is defined. This ratio is the lambda value. In the load range between the minimum load and the maximum load, the lambda value first decreases and then stops to decrease. A decrease interruption is intended here that the lambda value can increase or can remain constant.
  • FIG 3 The trend of the lambda value in the load range is shown in figure 3 .
  • the figure illustrates a comparison between a first lambda value curve 11 according to the present disclosure (thicker line) and a second lambda value curve 12 according to prior art (thinner line) describing the variation of the lambda value as a function of the operating load of the combustion appliance 1.
  • the value of lambda continuously decreases within a load range defined by a first load value (Q 1 ) representing the lowest load value (for example 5kW) and a second load value (Q 2 ) representing the highest load value (for example 25kW).
  • a first load value (Q 1 ) representing the lowest load value (for example 5kW)
  • a second load value (Q 2 ) representing the highest load value (for example 25kW).
  • the first load value (Q 1 ) lambda has the highest value (for example more than 1.8) and at the second load value (Q 2 ) lambda assumes the smallest value (for example less than 1.3, in particular less than 1.2).
  • the lambda value curve 12 decreases in a steep way.
  • the ratio between the lambda value at the first load (Q 1 ) and the lambda value at the second load (Q 2 ) is more than 1.2, in particular 1.5.
  • the first lambda value curve 11 behaves in a completely different way. First of all, it is noted that the first lambda value curve 11 is less steep compared to the second lambda value curve 12. As a matter of fact, the ratio between the lambda value at the minimum load (Q min ) and the lambda value at the maximum load (Q max ) is less than 1.2, in particular 1.13.
  • the lambda value decreases, in particular continuously decreases, in a range between the minimum load (Q min ) and the reference load 13 (first load range), and then stops to decrease in a final load range 14 between the reference load 13 and the maximum load (Q max ) (second load range).
  • the lambda value can either increase (dashed line) or remain constant (straight line).
  • the maximum load (Q max ) is higher than the second load (Q 2 ) of the second lambda value curve 12. For example, the maximum load (Q max ) is at 28kW.
  • the first lambda value curve 11 is an example of a possible behavior of the lambda value as a function of the load according to the present disclosure.
  • the lambda value at the minimum load (Q min ) is 1.7 and the lambda value at the maximum load (Q max ) is 1.5 or 1.6, so that the ratio between the lambda value at the minimum load (Q min ) and the lambda value at the maximum load (Q max ) is 1.13 or 1.06.
  • other specific lambda values can be considered. What is important is that the lambda value curve does not have a steep behavior in the load range between the minimum load (Q min ) and the maximum load (Q max ).
  • the ratio between the lambda value at the minimum load (Q min ) and the lambda value at the maximum load (Q max ) needs to be less than, or equal to, 1.2.
  • the lambda value at the minimum load (Q min ) can be 1.8 and the lambda value at the maximum load (Q max ) can be 1.5.
  • the lambda value at the minimum load (Q min ) can be 1.92 and the lambda value at the maximum load (Q max ) can be 1.6.
  • an average load (Q ave ) can be defined.
  • the lambda value is lowered less than 2% and then is increased or is constant.
  • the lambda value at the average load (Q ave ) is higher than 1.5, in particular is comprised between 1.51 and 1.53, in particular 1.52. Accordingly, the lambda value at the average load (Q ave ) is lower than the lambda value at the maximum load (Q max ) or is slightly higher than said lambda value at the maximum load (Q max ).
  • the lambda value at the corresponding average load i.e., 15 kW
  • the lambda value at the second load is about 1.25 and is lowered more than 2% before reaching the lambda value at the second load (Q 2 ).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP22185098.5A 2022-07-15 2022-07-15 Steuerverfahren für einen gasheizkessel Pending EP4306850A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22185098.5A EP4306850A1 (de) 2022-07-15 2022-07-15 Steuerverfahren für einen gasheizkessel
PCT/EP2023/066919 WO2024012837A1 (en) 2022-07-15 2023-06-22 Control method for a gas boiler

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22185098.5A EP4306850A1 (de) 2022-07-15 2022-07-15 Steuerverfahren für einen gasheizkessel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4306850A1 true EP4306850A1 (de) 2024-01-17

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EP22185098.5A Pending EP4306850A1 (de) 2022-07-15 2022-07-15 Steuerverfahren für einen gasheizkessel

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EP (1) EP4306850A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2024012837A1 (de)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6162049A (en) * 1999-03-05 2000-12-19 Gas Research Institute Premixed ionization modulated extendable burner
EP3978805A1 (de) * 2020-10-01 2022-04-06 Bosch Thermotechnology Ltd (UK) Verfahren zum betreiben einer verbrennungsvorrichtung, verbrennungsvorrichtung sowie heizgerät
US20220163203A1 (en) * 2019-03-12 2022-05-26 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Method to operate a modulating burner

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6162049A (en) * 1999-03-05 2000-12-19 Gas Research Institute Premixed ionization modulated extendable burner
US20220163203A1 (en) * 2019-03-12 2022-05-26 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Method to operate a modulating burner
EP3978805A1 (de) * 2020-10-01 2022-04-06 Bosch Thermotechnology Ltd (UK) Verfahren zum betreiben einer verbrennungsvorrichtung, verbrennungsvorrichtung sowie heizgerät

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WO2024012837A1 (en) 2024-01-18

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