EP4302347A1 - Brennstoffzellenkühlanordnung und verfahren zur regelung einer brennstoffzellenkühlanordnung - Google Patents
Brennstoffzellenkühlanordnung und verfahren zur regelung einer brennstoffzellenkühlanordnungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4302347A1 EP4302347A1 EP22702487.4A EP22702487A EP4302347A1 EP 4302347 A1 EP4302347 A1 EP 4302347A1 EP 22702487 A EP22702487 A EP 22702487A EP 4302347 A1 EP4302347 A1 EP 4302347A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- cooling
- temperature
- cooling circuit
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010076504 Protein Sorting Signals Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04723—Temperature of the coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the disclosure relates to a fuel cell cooling arrangement which is formed from at least one cooling circuit. Furthermore, the disclosure relates to a method for controlling a fuel cell cooling arrangement.
- DE102017118424A1 discloses a circuit system for a fuel cell vehicle comprising at least one first circuit that can be operated in heat pump mode and that carries a first fluid, a second circuit that can be operated in heat exchange connection with the first circuit and carries a second fluid, in particular for cooling a traction battery, and a second circuit that can be operated in heat exchange connection with the second circuit
- Third circuit carrying a third fluid, in particular for cooling a fuel cell arrangement the circuit system also comprising a fourth circuit carrying a fourth fluid, and in the fourth circuit at least one delivery device for the fourth fluid, at least one heat exchanger that can be supplied with the fourth fluid and/or convector for heating at least an interior area of a fuel cell vehicle and a heat exchanger, to which the fourth fluid can be supplied for heat exchange with the first fluid, are arranged, with this heat exchange r, which can also be supplied with the first fluid, is arranged in the high-pressure region of the first circuit.
- the invention relates to a fuel cell vehicle with such a circulatory
- a fuel cell cooling arrangement and a method for controlling the fuel cell cooling arrangement are to be specified, which react more dynamically to setpoint changes.
- a fuel cell cooling arrangement having at least one fuel cell with cooling channels running through it, which are designed to transfer a heat flow from the fuel cell to a first cooling circuit,
- the first cooling circuit with cooling medium can be operated without damage at a temperature of up to 200° C. and wherein a pump is arranged in the first cooling circuit, which is designed to convey cooling medium through the fuel cell and a high-temperature cooler,
- an interior bypass is arranged parallel to the high-temperature cooler in the cooling circuit, which can be fluidly connected to an interior heat exchanger, which interior heat exchanger is designed to emit a heat flow from the cooling medium to an interior of a motor vehicle supplied with energy from the fuel cell.
- At least no structurally induced phase change takes place in the first cooling medium.
- a pressure in the first cooling circuit is only created by heating the cooling medium. Any feed pump that may be present and that can be regulated only feeds cooling water.
- Fuel cells show their highest efficiency in a structurally determined temperature range. This temperature range should be reached as quickly as possible when starting and maintained as precisely as possible during operation.
- the fuel cell cooling arrangement is designed to precisely maintain a target temperature range of 80° C. to 85° C., in particular 80° C. to 82° C., particularly preferably 80° C. to 81° C.
- the temperature of the fuel cell is measured either at an inlet for cooling medium or at an outlet for cooling medium.
- a mixing valve is also arranged in the cooling circuit, which is designed to be actuated in such a way that coolant flows more through the high-temperature cooler or more through a bypass bypassing the high-temperature cooler.
- the mixing valve can be designed as a slide valve with an actuator and a position detector. This allows a control device that regulates the mixing valve to direct volume flows as needed based on the positions of the slide valve.
- a temperature range of 1° C. can be set precisely as a result.
- the mixing valve enables the first cooling circuit to be switched in such a way that fluid either in the interior bypass gives off heat to the interior or in such a way that coolant flows through the high-temperature cooler in order to be able to give off a greater heat output there. If a temperature in the interior is too high, no more heat should be given off to the interior in the interior heat exchanger. Furthermore, in this case, the high-temperature cooler should be the main way in which it is released to the surroundings of the motor vehicle.
- the controllability of the pump puts a control unit that regulates the pump in a position to either increase or decrease a pressure or a volume flow as required. This function supplements the previously described controllability of the volume flows through the mixing valve, which means that the controlled system can be made more robust.
- a heater is also arranged in an interior bypass running parallel to the bypass, which heater is designed to promote a flow of heat to the cooling medium in the first cooling circuit.
- the heater is used to quickly give off heat to the first cooling circuit so that both the fuel cell and the interior heat exchanger have enough heat to heat up the fuel cell and the interior of the motor vehicle.
- a side branch of the first coolant circuit is branched off, which fluidly connects the coolant circuit to a battery heat exchanger, which is designed to exchange a heat flow with a battery.
- Coolant from the first coolant circuit can thus be used through this side branch in order to heat a battery.
- One embodiment provides that the heat flow in the battery heat exchanger can be exchanged with a battery cooling circuit separate from the first cooling circuit, which can be operated at lower temperatures than the first cooling circuit, in particular at temperatures below 100°C.
- the separate cooling circuit or the battery cooling circuit is therefore a circuit which, due to its design, can be operated at significantly lower temperatures, ie a low-temperature circuit. Otherwise, the battery would not be cooled during normal operation, but would be heated.
- the separate cooling circuit or the battery cooling circuit can be additionally cooled in that it can be connected to an evaporator of a refrigerant circuit in a heat-transferring manner.
- the battery cooling circuit can be connected to an evaporator of a refrigerant circuit in a heat-transferring manner.
- the evaporator may be the evaporator of a conventional air conditioning system for motor vehicles.
- a low-temperature circuit in which heat exchangers are coupled to electrical components in a heat-transferring manner, wherein the low-temperature circuit can be fluidly coupled to the battery cooling circuit via at least one inflow and a valve.
- This heat exchanger can thus be a heat exchanger which is connected to relays, power resistors and transistors in a heat-transferring manner.
- the heat exchanger with electrical coils and capacitors heat transfer connected to remove heat from these electrical components.
- the electrical components can be components of a control unit for controlling the fuel cell arrangement described herein, including the fuel cell cooling arrangement.
- the electrical components can also include at least one drive motor for the motor vehicle.
- one branch of the low-temperature circuit can be routed through a motor, which drives a compressor to supply the fuel cell with fresh air. This can ensure that the battery cooling circuit can be additionally heated by dissipating heat from the electrical components in the low-temperature circuit. Furthermore, the power electronics can be cooled if necessary. Cooling supported by a phase change can be achieved by integrating the evaporator of an air conditioning system in the manner described above.
- Also disclosed is a method for regulating an operating temperature in a fuel cell comprising the steps: i. detecting a temperature at a fuel cell, ii. comparing the temperature to a target temperature range of the fuel cell, and iii. Introducing a heat flow into a first cooling circuit, which has cooling channels that are designed to transfer a heat flow from the fuel cell to a coolant in a first cooling circuit when the temperature is above the target temperature range, iv. dissipating a heat flow from the coolant in the first cooling loop to an environment in a high temperature cooler when the temperature is below the target temperature range.
- the temperature of the fuel cell is measured either at an inlet for cooling medium or at an outlet for cooling medium.
- the target temperature range can also be reduced to a single temperature value.
- the target temperature range can be between 80°C and 81°C for the fuel cell.
- the coolant is not decoupled from the fluid that flows through the cooling channels in the fuel cell.
- Decoupling the circuit for cooling the fuel cell from the circuit for heating the interior would always mean a loss of transferable heat.
- Decoupling means the separation into two circuits that are operated with two fluids that are not mixed.
- such a decoupling means a time delay in the heat transfer from one coolant to another.
- the reaction speed of the control can accordingly be improved.
- the fuel cell can thus be brought to its operating temperature more quickly.
- the step of dissipating heat in the interior heat exchanger can also be carried out on a significantly larger high-temperature cooler.
- the following steps are provided: i. Increasing a volume flow that flows through the bypass in the first cooling circuit, in particular by adjusting a mixing valve, when the temperature at the fuel cell is below the target temperature range, ii. Increasing a volume flow of coolant that flows through the high-temperature cooler in the first cooling circuit, in particular by adjusting a mixing valve when the temperature at the fuel cell is above the setpoint temperature range, and iii. Increasing a volume flow of the coolant conveyed through the fuel cell by increasing a volume flow at a controllable pump if the temperature does not drop after a period of time after step ii has been carried out.
- the battery is a battery for supplying power to drive motors of the motor vehicle with a capacity of several kilowatt hours, preferably well over ten kilowatt hours.
- Such batteries have reduced efficiency and reduced maximum power output and power consumption at low temperatures below the desired operating temperature, which is why it is advantageous to reduce the time it takes for the battery to warm up. According to the disclosure, this takes place in that the heat exchanger of the battery can be heated by the rapidly heating up first coolant circuit.
- a corresponding 3-way valve can be arranged in the first cooling circuit upstream of the battery heat exchanger in order to direct the first flow of coolant through the battery heat exchanger.
- the method also has the following steps: i. detecting a temperature of a battery, ii. Deriving a heat flow via a heat exchanger that can be coupled to the first cooling circuit to a battery when an operating temperature of the battery is below a temperature of the coolant in the first cooling circuit.
- the temperature in the power electronics can be detected, for example, by a sensor.
- the dissipation of the heat flow takes place in the heat exchanger due to its adjacent arrangement close to the electrical components of the power electronics.
- the power electronics can be additionally cooled down during operation of the fuel cell or motor vehicle.
- the heat that is undesirable in the power electronics can be used in other components connected via the circuit, such as the battery, to increase the operating temperature. As a rule, however, if the battery is still cold due to a longer standstill, the power electronics will also be cold.
- the main advantage of integrating the cooling of the power electronics is that it cools the power electronics during operation, in a driving state in which the battery itself is already sufficiently warm or emits heat itself.
- the cooling of the battery cooling circuit on the Air conditioning evaporator to keep the battery cooling circuit at temperatures below 100 ° C, preferably well below (for example at about 50 ° C).
- One embodiment relates to a computer program product with program code means that are stored on a computer-readable data carrier in order to carry out the method described above when the computer program product is executed on a computer, in particular in control electronics of a control system.
- the control system can be designed and developed as described above.
- One embodiment relates to a computer program with encoded instructions for carrying out the method described above when the computer program is executed on a computer, in particular on control electronics of a fuel cell.
- the control system can be designed and developed as described above.
- the computer program can be stored in particular on the computer program product described above.
- the computer program can in particular be in the form of a compiled or not yet compiled data sequence, which is preferably based on a higher, in particular object-based, computer language.
- One embodiment relates to a signal sequence with computer-readable instructions for carrying out the method described above when the signal sequence is processed by a computer, in particular a control unit for a fuel cell.
- the control system can be designed and developed as described above.
- the signal sequence can be generated in particular with the aid of the computer program described above and/or with the aid of the computer program product described above.
- the signal sequence can be provided wirelessly or wired as electrical pulses and/or electromagnetic waves and/or optical pulses.
- a means for implementing the method steps within the meaning of the present disclosure can be designed in terms of hardware and/or software, in particular a processing unit, in particular a digital processing unit, in particular a control unit with microprocessors, preferably connected to a memory and/or bus system for data or signals ( CPU) and/or one or more programs or program modules.
- the CPU can be designed to process commands that are implemented as a program, to detect input signals from a data bus and/or to emit output signals to a data bus.
- the program can run on a be stored in the storage system.
- the storage system can have one or more, in particular different, storage media, in particular optical, magnetic, solid and/or other non-volatile media.
- the program may be arranged to embody or be capable of performing the methods described herein such that the CPU can perform the steps of such methods. In one embodiment, one or more, in particular all, steps of the method can be carried out completely or partially in an automated manner.
- FIG. 1 shows a refrigeration cycle arrangement according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 3 shows a refrigeration cycle arrangement according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 shows a refrigeration cycle arrangement according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 Steps of a method for controlling an operating temperature in a fuel cell.
- the fuel cell cooling arrangements according to FIGS. 1 to 4 have a multiplicity of fuel cells, only one of which is denoted by the reference numeral 11 in simplified form as a fuel cell. For the purposes of this disclosure it is sufficient to describe only one fuel cell 11 as an example.
- the fuel cell cooling arrangement has an anode side 12 (not shown in detail) and a cathode side 13 (not shown in detail).
- the fuel cell cooling arrangement has a more favorable efficiency at operating temperature. Cooling channels, which are also not shown, run in the fuel cell 11 .
- Crossing lines generally mean that the respective coolant lines or cooling circuits are separate from one another, unless stated otherwise herein.
- FIG. 1 shows a refrigeration cycle arrangement according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
- a fuel cell 11 can optionally be heated or cooled via a first cooling circuit 10 .
- the fuel cell 11 is heated when it absorbs a flow of heat from the cooling circuit 10 .
- the fuel cell 11 is cooled when it emits a flow of heat to the cooling circuit 10 .
- the fuel cell cooling arrangement is supplied with fuel, in particular hydrogen, via a fuel tank 14 .
- the cooling circuit arrangement has a first cooling circuit 10 running through the fuel cell 11 . This is designed by the cooling channels to transfer heat from the fuel cell 10 to a cooling medium flowing in the cooling circuit 10 or vice versa.
- a feed pump 17, a heater 15 and an interior heat exchanger 16 are arranged in the first cooling circuit 10.
- the feed pump 17 feeds coolant through the first cooling circuit 10.
- the first cooling circuit 10 also has a high-temperature cooler 18 at which a flow of heat can be released to the environment.
- the first cooling circuit 10 can be moved via a mixing valve 19 in such a way that cooling medium in the first cooling circuit 10 runs through the high-temperature cooler 18 .
- the mixing valve 19 is preferably a 3-way valve.
- the first cooling circuit 10 can be operated as a high-temperature cooling circuit with temperatures up to a maximum of 200° C. preferably about 120°C, more preferably 80°C to 85°C.
- the first cooling circuit 10 is essentially pressureless, which means that the first cooling circuit 10 is only brought to a pressure level by a feed pump 17 which is sufficient to allow the coolant to circulate therewith. An intended phase transformation as in a heat pump does not take place, at most unintentionally at certain points and with immediate liquefaction.
- the mixing valve 19 enables the first cooling circuit 10 to be switched in such a way that fluid flows either predominantly through the bypass 8 or predominantly through the high-temperature cooler 18 in order to be able to deliver a greater heat output Q18 there.
- the interior bypass 9 is always flowed through.
- the temperature of the cooling medium can be influenced in both directions, by heating at the heater 15 or by dissipating heat at the interior heat exchanger 16.
- the high-temperature cooler 18 should also be the main source of dissipation to the environment of the motor vehicle.
- Coolant in the first cooling circuit 10 also passes through an intercooler 21.
- the intercooler 21 cools compressed air which is supplied to the cathode side of the fuel cell 11.
- a flow of heat Q21 from the charge air cooler 21 can be used to bring the first cooling circuit to the operating temperature or a target temperature range.
- FIG. 2 shows a fuel cell cooling arrangement, having at least one fuel cell 11 with cooling channels running through it, which are designed to transfer a heat flow Q11 from the fuel cell 11 to a first cooling circuit 10.
- the first cooling circuit 10 can be operated with cooling medium at a temperature of 200° C. without damage; otherwise, what was said in relation to FIG. 1 applies.
- a pump 17 is arranged in the first cooling circuit 10 and is designed to convey cooling medium through the fuel cell 11 and a high-temperature cooler 18 .
- a bypass 8 and an interior bypass 9 are arranged in the cooling circuit 10 parallel to the high-temperature cooler 18 .
- the interior bypass 9 is fluidly connected to an interior heat exchanger 16 .
- the interior heat exchanger 16 is designed to emit a heat flow Q16 from the cooling medium to an interior of a motor vehicle (not shown) that is supplied with energy by the fuel cell 11 .
- a mixing valve 19 is in the Arranged cooling circuit 10, which is designed to be switched so that coolant flows either through the high-temperature cooler 18 or the interior bypass 9.
- a heater 15 is arranged in the interior bypass 9 , which heater 15 is designed to promote a flow of heat Q15 to the cooling medium in the interior bypass 9 and thus into the first cooling circuit 10 . The use of the heater 15 allows the fuel cell 11 to be brought into the desired temperature range more quickly.
- a side branch 30 of the first coolant circuit 10 branches off parallel to the interior heat exchanger 16 and fluidly connects the coolant circuit 10 to a battery heat exchanger 41 which is designed to exchange a heat flow Q41 with a battery 42 .
- a battery cooling circuit 40 is coupled to the first cooling circuit 10 in a heat-transferable manner by means of a heat exchanger 41 .
- the battery cooling circuit 40 can be operated at lower temperatures than the first cooling circuit, in particular at temperatures well below 100°C.
- FIG. 3 shows a fuel cell cooling arrangement, having at least one fuel cell 11 with cooling channels running through it, which are designed to transfer a heat flow Q11 from the fuel cell 11 to a first cooling circuit 10.
- the first cooling circuit 10 can be operated with cooling medium at a temperature of 200° C. without damage; otherwise, what was said in relation to FIG. 1 applies.
- a pump 17 is arranged in the first cooling circuit 10 and is designed to convey cooling medium through the fuel cell 11 and a high-temperature cooler 18 .
- a bypass 8 and an interior bypass 9 are arranged in the cooling circuit 10 parallel to the high-temperature cooler 18 .
- the interior bypass is fluidly connected to an interior heat exchanger 16 .
- the interior heat exchanger 16 is configured to emit a heat flow Q16 from the cooling medium to an interior of a motor vehicle powered by the fuel cell 11 .
- a mixing valve 19 is arranged in the cooling circuit 10 and is designed to be switched in such a way that coolant flows selectively through the high-temperature cooler 18 or the bypass 8 .
- a heater 15 is arranged in the interior bypass 9 , which heater 15 is designed to promote a flow of heat Q15 to the cooling medium in the interior bypass 9 and thus into the first cooling circuit 10 .
- a battery cooling circuit 40 is coupled to the first cooling circuit 10 in a heat-transferable manner by means of a heat exchanger 41 .
- the battery cooling circuit 40 can be operated at lower temperatures than the first cooling circuit, in particular at temperatures well below 100°C.
- an evaporator 43 of a heat pump (not shown) is incorporated in the battery cooling circuit 40 in a heat-transferring manner. As a result, a heat flow Q43 can also be released to the circuit of the heat pump, which is not shown.
- the fuel cell cooling arrangement according to FIG. 3 also has a low-temperature circuit 50, in which cooling medium flows through heat exchangers 58, 59, which are coupled to electrical components 51, 52 in a heat-transferring manner.
- the low-temperature circuit 50 can be fluidly coupled to the battery cooling circuit 40 via at least one inflow 55 and a valve 54 .
- One of the heat exchangers 58 or 59 is a heat exchanger which is arranged on a wheel house or a fender of the motor vehicle.
- a mixing valve 19 is arranged in the cooling circuit 10, which is designed to be switched in such a way that coolant flows either through the high-temperature cooler 18 (if the cooling medium is too hot) or through the bypass 8 (if the cooling medium is still too cold).
- a heater 15 is arranged in the interior bypass 9, which heater 15 is designed to have a To promote heat flow Q15 to the cooling medium in the interior bypass 9 and thus in the first cooling circuit 10.
- a side branch 30 of the first coolant circuit 10 branches off, which fluidly connects the coolant circuit 10 to a battery heat exchanger 41, which is designed to have a Exchange heat flow Q41 with a battery 42.
- the battery heat exchanger 41 is diverted downstream of the heater 15 at a valve 31 to allow the coolant to pass through both the fuel cell 11 and the heater 15 before passing through the battery heat exchanger 41 .
- the cooling medium can thus absorb the heat flow Q15 from the heater 15 and later deliver it to the battery heat exchanger 41 .
- the battery cooling circuit 40 can be operated at lower temperatures than the first cooling circuit, in particular at temperatures well below 100°C.
- an evaporator 43 of a heat pump (not shown) is incorporated in the battery cooling circuit 40 in a heat-transferring manner.
- a heat flow Q43 can also be released to the circuit of the heat pump, which is not shown. Due to the phase change taking place in the heat pump, a higher heat flow can take place in a heat exchanger than in a heat exchanger of the same size without phase change.
- the fuel cell cooling arrangement according to FIG. 4 also has a low-temperature circuit 50, in which the cooling medium flows through heat exchangers that are coupled to electrical components 51, 52 in a heat-transferring manner.
- the low-temperature circuit 50 can be fluidly coupled to the battery cooling circuit 40 via at least one inflow 55 and a valve 54 .
- a volumetric flow of coolant in the low-temperature circuit 50 is ensured via a feed pump 59 .
- FIG. 5 shows a sequence of steps in a method for regulating an operating temperature in a fuel cell, comprising the steps:
- 502 comparing the temperature with a target temperature range of the fuel cell
- 503 introducing a heat flow into a first cooling circuit, which has cooling channels that are designed to transfer a heat flow from the fuel cell to a coolant in a first cooling circuit when the temperature is above the target temperature range
- the method can be implemented in a control unit for one of the fuel cell arrangements according to FIGS.
- the method can be refined by increasing a volume flow that flows through the bypass in the first cooling circuit, in particular by adjusting a mixing valve when the temperature at the fuel cell is below the target temperature range. If, on the other hand, the temperature at the fuel cell is above the setpoint temperature range, a volume flow of coolant that flows through the high-temperature cooler in the first cooling circuit can be increased, in particular by adjusting a mixing valve. Furthermore, the volume flow of the coolant conveyed through the fuel cell can be increased by increasing the conveying capacity of the pump 17 .
- one configuration can provide for heat to flow to a battery or a battery heat exchanger via a heat exchanger that can be coupled to the first cooling circuit when an operating temperature of the battery is below a temperature of the coolant in the first cooling circuit.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102021201973.0A DE102021201973A1 (de) | 2021-03-02 | 2021-03-02 | Brennstoffzellenkühlanordnung und Verfahren zur Regelung einer Brennstoffzellenkühlanordnung |
PCT/EP2022/052440 WO2022184361A1 (de) | 2021-03-02 | 2022-02-02 | Brennstoffzellenkühlanordnung und verfahren zur regelung einer brennstoffzellenkühlanordnung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4302347A1 true EP4302347A1 (de) | 2024-01-10 |
Family
ID=80225357
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP22702487.4A Withdrawn EP4302347A1 (de) | 2021-03-02 | 2022-02-02 | Brennstoffzellenkühlanordnung und verfahren zur regelung einer brennstoffzellenkühlanordnung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4302347A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN117242605A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021201973A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022184361A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2007280927A (ja) * | 2005-12-12 | 2007-10-25 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池の冷却システム |
DE102006005176A1 (de) * | 2006-02-06 | 2007-08-16 | Nucellsys Gmbh | Kühlkreislauf und Verfahren zur Kühlung eines Brennstoffzellenstapels |
US9711808B2 (en) | 2008-03-24 | 2017-07-18 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method for optimized execution of heating tasks in fuel cell vehicles |
DE102009042774A1 (de) * | 2009-09-25 | 2011-03-31 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | System für ein Kraftfahrzeug zum Erwärmen und/oder Kühlen einer Batterie und eines Kraftfahrzeuginnenraumes |
US8402820B2 (en) * | 2010-03-22 | 2013-03-26 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Diagnosis concept for valve controlled coolant bypass paths |
DE102011079640A1 (de) | 2011-07-22 | 2013-01-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brennstoffzellenkühlsystem mit Wärmeauskopplung |
DE102012004008A1 (de) | 2012-02-25 | 2012-09-13 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines zumindest zeit- oder abschnittsweise elektromotorisch angetriebenen Fahrzeugs mit einem elektrischen Energiespeicher, einem Niedertemperaturkreislauf und einem Kältekreislauf |
DE102015222978B4 (de) * | 2015-11-20 | 2021-08-26 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Gepäckschlepper und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gepäckschleppers |
DE102017118424A1 (de) | 2017-08-13 | 2019-02-14 | Konvekta Aktiengesellschaft | Kreislaufsystem für ein Brennstoffzellen-Fahrzeug |
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2022
- 2022-02-02 WO PCT/EP2022/052440 patent/WO2022184361A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-02-02 CN CN202280030779.4A patent/CN117242605A/zh active Pending
- 2022-02-02 EP EP22702487.4A patent/EP4302347A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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DE102021201973A1 (de) | 2022-09-08 |
CN117242605A (zh) | 2023-12-15 |
WO2022184361A1 (de) | 2022-09-09 |
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