EP4302019A1 - Dispositif de climatisation a refroidissement indirect par evaporation - Google Patents
Dispositif de climatisation a refroidissement indirect par evaporationInfo
- Publication number
- EP4302019A1 EP4302019A1 EP22708964.6A EP22708964A EP4302019A1 EP 4302019 A1 EP4302019 A1 EP 4302019A1 EP 22708964 A EP22708964 A EP 22708964A EP 4302019 A1 EP4302019 A1 EP 4302019A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- channel
- wet
- dry
- air
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/0035—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using evaporation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
- F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
- F28C3/06—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour
- F28C3/08—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour with change of state, e.g. absorption, evaporation, condensation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
- F28D5/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation in which the evaporating medium flows in a continuous film or trickles freely over the conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
- F28D1/0366—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
- F28D1/0375—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements the plates having lateral openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
- F28D9/0075—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements the plates having openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
Definitions
- Indirect evaporative cooling air coolers also referred to as indirect adiabatic dew point coolers, have been known for several decades.
- Cooling is produced by air circulation in contact with a plate Pi, called a cooling plate, cooled by water evaporation.
- the cooling plate has a dry face, in contact with which the air to be cooled flows, and a wet face, wet with water, the water being symbolized by circles in figure 1.
- the dashed arrows represent the air cooled or in the process of cooling.
- a first object of the invention is an air conditioning device with indirect cooling by evaporation, the device being intended to blow cooled air into a room, the device comprising:
- each plate comprising a dry face opposite a wet face, the wet face of each plate being configured to be wetted by water, each plate being intended to be cooled under the effect water evaporation from the wet side;
- the device being such that:
- the plates are arranged so as to form an alternation between dry channels and wet channels, each dry channel being adjacent to a wet channel, two respectively adjacent dry and wet channels being connected by a fluidic junction;
- each dry channel extends, along a longitudinal axis, between an air inlet, connected to the air intake, and a cold outlet, the cold outlet being intended for an evacuation of air cooled following the air flow in the dry channel;
- each fluid junction connecting a dry channel and a wet channel is arranged at the level of the cold outlet of the dry channel or between the air inlet and the cold outlet of the dry channel;
- each wet channel extends along the longitudinal axis, between the fluidic junction and a wet outlet, the wet outlet being intended for an evacuation of humidified air following the flow in the wet channel;
- each dry channel comprises several air inlets, distributed along a lateral axis, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and to the transverse axis.
- distributed along the lateral axis is meant spatially distributed with respect to the lateral axis, without necessarily being aligned along the lateral axis.
- several wet outlets and/or several air inlets are aligned along the lateral axis.
- each plate comprises a first slot, the first slots of the plates extending around an evacuation axis, the evacuation axis being secant of each plate.
- At least one sealed passage through a dry channel can be formed by at least one seal extending between two first slots formed in the plates delimiting said dry channel.
- two plates delimiting a dry channel approach each other, at the level of their respective first lights, the sealed passage through the dry channel being formed by a contact between the two plates, around the first lights .
- each plate comprises several first slots, distributed along the lateral axis, and optionally aligned along the lateral axis.
- At least one dry channel, or each dry channel, extends between the air inlet and a fluidic junction, along a thermal length;
- the distance, along the lateral axis, between two first adjacent slots provided on the same plate, is less than 50% of the thermal length or 40% of the thermal length or 30% of the thermal length.
- thermal length is meant a distance between the air inlet and the fluidic junction, parallel to the longitudinal axis.
- Each plate has a second slot, the second slots of the plates extending around an inlet axis, the inlet axis being secant to each plate;
- At least one sealed passage through a wet channel is formed by at least one seal extending between two second slots formed in the plates delimiting said wet channel.
- each plate delimiting a wet channel approach each other, at the level of their respective second slots, the sealed passage through the wet channel being formed by a contact between the two plates, around the second lights.
- each plate comprises several second slots, distributed along the lateral axis, and optionally aligned along the lateral axis.
- each dry channel extends, between the air inlet and a fluidic junction, along a thermal length
- the distance, along the lateral axis, between two second adjacent slots provided on the same plate, is less than 50% of the thermal length or 40% of the thermal length or 30% of the thermal length.
- the device comprises an auxiliary inlet, intended to admit air present in the room, the device being such that:
- At least a third light is connected to the auxiliary inlet
- each third lumen of a plate opens, in a dry channel, between a second lumen provided in the plate and the fluidic junction;
- auxiliary air coming from the room to be cooled, can be admitted, from the third light, into each dry channel, successively through the sealed passages respectively provided, between two third lights, through each wet channel, a third light delimiting each dry channel forming an auxiliary air inlet in the dry channel.
- Each plate extends, along the longitudinal axis, between two longitudinal ends;
- each plate has a middle zone, located at equal distance between the two longitudinal ends;
- the stack is symmetrical with respect to a median plane, parallel to the transverse axis and passing through the median zone of several plates.
- each plate extends, along the longitudinal axis, between two longitudinal ends;
- At least one dry channel extends, from an air inlet, towards two longitudinal ends, the air inlet being arranged between the longitudinal ends;
- the dry channel comprises, between the air inlet and each longitudinal end, or at each longitudinal end, a fluidic junction with a wet channel;
- the wet channel extends between each fluidic junction and a wet outlet, the wet outlet being arranged between the fluidic junctions.
- the air inlet emerges in a middle zone of each plate, at an equal distance, or at a substantially equal distance, with respect to each longitudinal end.
- each plate extends, along the longitudinal axis, between two longitudinal ends;
- At least one dry channel extends between two air inlets and a cold outlet, the cold outlet being located between the air inlets of the dry channel;
- a fluid junction is arranged between the dry channel and an adjacent wet channel of the dry channel, between the air inlets and the cold outlet;
- At least one wet channel extends between the fluidic junction and two wet outlets, the fluidic junction being arranged between the two wet outlets.
- the cold outlet can be arranged at the level of the middle zone of a plate delimiting the dry channel.
- Each plate is formed from a material comprising a polymer.
- the material comprising the polymer can extend from the dry face.
- the thickness of each plate is less than 2 mm or 1 mm.
- the width is at least 1.5 times greater than the thermal length.
- the device extends, along the transverse axis, between two transverse ends, forming a height
- each dry channel extends, between the air inlet and the fluidic junction, along a thermal length
- Each wet face can be connected to a water supply by a fluidic or capillary connection.
- Figure 1 shows a block diagram
- Figure 2A shows a schematic three-dimensional view of a first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the stack, according to the first embodiment, along a section plane A-A shown in FIG. 2C and in FIG. 2E.
- FIG. 2C is a view of a dry side of the stack according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2D is a sectional view of the stack, according to the first embodiment, along a section plane BB represented in FIG. 2C and in FIG. 2E.
- FIG. 2E is a view of a wet side of the stack according to the first embodiment.
- Figures 3A and 3B represent three-dimensional schematic views of a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view of the stack, according to the second embodiment, along a section plane A-A represented in FIG. 3D and in FIG. 3F.
- FIG. 3D is a view of a wet side of the stack according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 3F is a view of a dry face of the stack according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4A is a sectional view of the stack, according to a third embodiment, along a section plane A-A shown in FIG. 4B and in FIG. 4D.
- FIG. 4B is a view of a dry side of the stack according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view of the stack, according to the third embodiment, along a section plane B-B represented in FIG. 4B and in FIG. 4D.
- FIG. 4D is a view of a wet side of the stack according to the third embodiment.
- Figures 5A and 5B show a possibility of obtaining a sealed wall through a channel, between two openings.
- Figures 5C and 5D show another possibility of obtaining a sealed wall through a channel, between two openings.
- FIGS. 2A to 2E represent an example of a device according to the first embodiment of the invention.
- the device 1 comprises a stack of plates 10, the stack can comprise a few tens, or even hundreds of plates, for example between 30 and 1000 plates 10.
- the plates 10 are arranged parallel to each other , perpendicular to a transverse axis Z.
- Each plate 10 extends parallel to a plane Rcg.
- Each plate extends, parallel to a longitudinal axis X, along a length l, and, parallel to a lateral axis Y, along a width L.
- the stack extends, parallel to the transverse axis Z, along a height h. The height h depends on the number of plates.
- the length l can be between 5 cm and 1 m, and preferably between 10 cm and 30 cm.
- the length l is preferably:
- width L for example at least 1.5 times less, or even at least 2 times less or at least 3 times less than the width L.
- the height h for example at least 1.5 times less, or even at least 2 times less or at least 3 times less than the height h.
- Two adjacent plates 10 are spaced apart, parallel to the Z axis, by a distance preferably less than 2 cm, or even less than 1 cm or 0.5 cm.
- the spacing between two adjacent plates can advantageously be between 0.5 mm and 2 mm.
- the spacing between two adjacent plates has been exaggerated in Figure 2A as well as in Figures 2B and 2D.
- each plate is flat.
- the plates may have undulations, or other type of structuring: ribs, fins.
- the device 1 is intended to blow cooled air into a room.
- the air to be cooled is sucked into the device by a ventilation system, not shown, through an inlet l in .
- the ventilation system includes one or more fans.
- the air to be cooled comes from outside the room, and/or from inside the room.
- the air is admitted parallel to the longitudinal axis X, as represented in FIGS. 2A and 2C, in the form of arrows in solid lines.
- each plate 10 has a wet side 10 w and a dry side 10 d .
- the respectively dry and wet faces of the same plate are opposite, in the sense that they are spaced apart by the thickness of the plate.
- the thickness of each plate, along the Z axis is as low as possible, taking into account the mechanical strength constraints.
- the thickness depends on the material forming the plate. It is generally less than 1 cm, and advantageously less than 5 mm, or even 2 mm or 1 mm.
- the thickness can be between 10 ⁇ m and 1 mm, or even between 10 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
- the invention exploits the conduction of heat along the Z axis, through each plate 10.
- a 10 w wet face is intended to be wetted with water as evenly as possible.
- the water can be placed directly on the plate, or indirectly, the plate comprising, at the level of the wet face, a hydrophilic material soaked in water. It may for example be a material allowing pumping of water by capillarity, from a water supply.
- the hydrophilic material may for example comprise cellulose or a hydrophilic polymer.
- the wetting of a wet face can also be ensured by fluidic channels, arranged along the wet face, and allowing water to be pumped by capillarity, from the water supply.
- the term plaque includes any capillary structure formed or deposited on the plaque.
- the stack is such that the wet faces (respectively dry) of two consecutive plates face each other.
- Two wet faces 10 w facing each other, and belonging to two adjacent plates, delimit a wet channel 20 w .
- the channels, dry or wet, are delimited by two side uprights, not shown, extending along a plane XZ.
- the side uprights are spaced from each other by the width L of each plate, along the lateral axis Y.
- the stack is formed by alternating between dry channels 20 d and wet channels 20 w .
- Each dry channel extends, along the longitudinal axis X, between an air inlet 20 djn and a cold outlet 20 d,O u t -
- the cold outlet 20 d,O u t can be intended to be connected to a cooled air exhaust, configured to blow cooled air inside the room.
- Figures 2C and 2E represent respectively a dry face 10 d and a wet face 10 w of the same plate 10.
- Figures 2B and 2D show a section of the stack in an XZ plane passing through section lines AA and BB shown in Figures 2C and 2E.
- FIGS. 2A to 2E as in the other figures annexed to the description, the arrows in solid lines, dashed lines and dotted lines respectively designate air to be cooled, air being cooled, and air warming up by becoming humidified. .
- Each dry channel 20 d is connected to an adjacent wet channel 20 w by a fluidic junction 21.
- Each wet channel 20 w extends, along the longitudinal axis X, between the fluidic junction 21 and a wet outlet 20 w, or t -
- the fluidic junction 21 is arranged between the air inlet 20 d,i n and the cold outlet 20 d,O u t , or at the level of the cold outlet 20 d,O u t -
- the fluidic junction 21 is advantageously closer to the cold outlet 20 d, O u t than to the air inlet 20 d, m
- the fluidic junction 21 is arranged in the dry channel 20 d , upstream of the cold outlet 20 d, Out - or at the cold outlet.
- the fluidic junction 21, coupled to the ventilation system, can be such that 50 to 75% of the air flow flows towards the cold outlet 20 d,Out , while 25% to 50% of the air flow goes flows through the fluidic junction, to the wet channel 20 w .
- the air flow through each wet channel 20 w is in a direction opposite to the air flow in the dry channel adjacent to it. The device is thus configured to operate against the current.
- the distance, according to the direction of air flow, in a dry channel 20 d , between an air inlet 20 dn and a fluidic junction 21, is between 5 cm and 1 m, preferably between 10 and 30cm.
- the distance, in the direction of air flow, in a wet channel 20 w , between the fluidic junction 21 and the wet air outlet 20 w, o u t is between 5 cm and lm, from preferably between 10 and 30 cm.
- Each plate 10 comprises first slots 11, extending around an evacuation axis parallel to the transverse axis Z.
- the first slots 11 are preferably arranged close to the same longitudinal edge of each plate.
- longitudinal edge or end
- proximity is meant at a distance preferably less than 5 cm from an edge of the plate perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X.
- the first slots 11 are made closer to the air inlet 20 d, in than the cold air outlet 20 d, Out -
- each first lumen 11 can form a 20 w wet output, out of a 20 w wet channel.
- a wet channel 20 w is in fluid communication with at least a first lumen 11.
- Two first lumens 11, respectively formed on two adjacent plates, delimiting a same dry channel 20 d , and aligned along the evacuation axis, are connected to each other by a sealed wall 15, crossing the dry channel and forming a passage.
- the watertight wall is tubular, around the evacuation axis.
- the evacuation axis is an axis parallel to the Z axis.
- 20 d are intended to evacuate the humid air flowing from each humid channel 20 w .
- two tubular sealed passages 15 have been shown, forming a sealed passage through the dry channel 20 d .
- Each tubular leaktight passage 15 passing through a dry channel 20d can be obtained by a leaktight seal, or by local protrusions made in the plates, as described later in connection with FIGS. 5A to 5D.
- each wet channel 20 w can be evacuated through a first slot 11 opening into the wet channel, then flow, along the evacuation axis Z, alternately between each wet channel 20 w and each dry channel 2(3 ⁇ 4 up to a wet output of the device l 0 ut,w See figure 2B.
- first slots 11 are distributed along an axis parallel, or substantially parallel, to the lateral axis Y.
- substantially parallel is meant parallel within an angular tolerance, for example ⁇ 20° close.
- the first lights 11 are distributed regularly parallel to the lateral axis Y.
- Each first lumen has a section of a few cm 2 , for example between 0.5 cm 2 and 30 cm 2 , preferably between 1 cm 2 and 15 cm 2 . It is the same for the second lights and third lights described later. Each light can take an elongated shape, along the longitudinal axis X, for example rectangle, oblong or diamond.
- the air to be cooled is admitted into the device by an inlet l. It flows in the dry channels 20 d , formed between the dry faces 10 d of adjacent plates, along the longitudinal axis X.
- the plates 10 being cooled by evaporation, the air cools along the flow, according to the longitudinal axis X, by convection.
- the absolute humidity of the air remains fixed, but its relative humidity increases, according to the principle of cooling adiabatic.
- the device can be dimensioned so that the temperature of the air, at the cold outlet 20 d,O u t of each dry channel 20 d , is of the order of the dew temperature or substantially higher than the temperature of dew, within a few degrees.
- each dry channel 20 d part of the cooled air is withdrawn at the level of the fluidic junction 21 to be admitted into the wet channel 20 w adjacent to the dry channel.
- the 20 w wet channel is delimited by at least one 10 w wet plate, wetted with water.
- the air admitted into the wet channel flows along the longitudinal axis, between the fluidic junction 21 and the wet outlet 20w , or t of the wet channel 20 w .
- the air becomes humid, in contact with water wetting one wet face, or both wet faces, delimiting the wet channel.
- the evaporation of the water, resulting from the passage of air in the wet channel 20 w causes the plate 10 to cool.
- the device thus forms an evapo-exchanger: the vaporization of the water wetting a wet face of a plate cools the dry face of the plate, which allows cooling, by convection, of the air circulating in the adjacent dry channel.
- the air temperature, at the cold outlet can be lower than 20°C.
- an important aspect of the device 1 is based on the aspect ratio, that is to say on a ratio between the width L, along the lateral axis Y, and the length l, along the longitudinal axis X or on a ratio between the width L and the height h, along the transverse axis Z.
- the thickness of each channel, along the transverse axis Z , or reduced preferably being less than 2 mm or less than 1 mm. Therefore, air flows in dry or wet channels experience a significant pressure drop.
- the shape of the device 1 is optimized, so that the width L is greater than a length called the thermal length l th , according to which the heat exchange takes place between the air flowing in a wet channel 20 w and the air flowing in an adjacent dry channel 20 d .
- the thermal length l th corresponds to the distance between the first lumen 11 and the fluidic junction 21, along the longitudinal axis X.
- the thermal length can be considered as corresponding to the length of the dry channel. It is preferable that the thermal length be such 2 1 than l th £ -L or l th £ -L.
- a device 1 that is wider than it is long makes it possible to form air flows, in counter-current, in parallel, and this along a short length.
- the device it is preferable for the device to be higher than
- the thermal length be such that l th ⁇ -/i or l th ⁇ - i.
- a device 1 higher than it is long makes it possible to "parallelize” air flows, in counter-current, and this along a short thermal length.
- the thermal length l th is advantageously between 5 cm and 1 m, and preferably between 10 cm and 30 cm.
- the fact that the first lumens 11 are distributed along the lateral axis Y allows the air, in each wet channel 20 w , to flow parallel to the air flow in the dry channel 20 d adjacent to the channel wet. This maximizes the operation of the device in a countercurrent configuration. This results in an improvement in the thermal efficiency of the device 1.
- the distance between two adjacent first slots 11, along the lateral axis Y is preferably less than 50%, or even 40%, or even 30% of the thermal length l th .
- Figures 3A to 3F show a second embodiment.
- the air to be cooled enters each dry channel parallel to the longitudinal axis X.
- the air emerges into each dry channel by flowing parallel to the transverse axis Z.
- each plate has second lights.
- Two second slots 12 respectively formed on two adjacent plates 10 delimiting the same dry channel 20 d open into the latter.
- a dry channel 20 d is in fluid communication with at least a second light 12.
- Two second lights 12, aligned along an inlet axis, and respectively formed on two adjacent plates, delimiting a same wet channel 20 w are connected to each other by a sealed wall 16, crossing the wet channel, forming a sealed passage.
- the designation “intake axis” corresponds to the fact that the air, flowing through each sealed passage 16, is intended to be admitted into a dry channel 20 d .
- the sealed passage 16 is tubular, around the inlet axis. In the example represented in FIGS.
- the inlet axis is an axis parallel to the axis Z.
- sealed passages 15 and 16 have been shown, respectively forming sealed passages through one 20 d dry channel and two 20 w wet channels.
- dotted lines have been represented, on the left, to materialize two sealed passages 15 and 16.
- an upper plate has been shown, which delimits the stack along the transverse axis Z.
- the upper plate comprises only first slots 11, the humidified air resulting from the humid channels being extracted from the top .
- the stack comprises a lower plate, opposite the upper plate and delimiting the stack.
- the lower plate may comprise only second slots, intended for the admission of air to be cooled, the air being admitted from below.
- the air to be cooled is admitted through the upper plate and the air resulting from the wet channels is exhausted through the upper plate.
- the upper plate comprises first lights and second lights. The lower plate can then be full.
- the air to be cooled is admitted both through the upper plate and through the lower plate: this makes it possible to reduce the path of the air to be cooled through the stack.
- the humid air, coming from the humid channels is evacuated both through the upper plate and through the lower plate: this makes it possible to reduce the path of humid air through the stack.
- the designations upper plate and lower plate designate the plates forming the ends of the stack along the transverse axis Z.
- the upper or lower plates delimiting the stack along the transverse axis, may or may not comprise first lights 11 and/or second lights 12.
- Each leaktight passage 15, 16 can be obtained by a leaktight seal, or by local protrusions made in the plates, as described later in connection with FIGS. 5A to 5D.
- Figures 3D and 3F represent respectively a wet face 10 w and a dry face 10 of the same plate 10.
- Figures 3C and 3E show a section of the stack in an XZ plane passing through section lines AA and BB shown in Figures 3D and 3F.
- the wet air flows around the sealed passage 16.
- the air to be cooled flows around each sealed passage 15.
- the intake axis, along which the air to be cooled flows between the plates, upstream of a dry channel 20 d is parallel to the Z axis. of the evacuation axis, along which the humid air flows between the plates, downstream of a humid channel 20 w .
- the second slots 12 are advantageously distributed along the lateral axis Y. The fact that the second slots 12 are distributed along the lateral axis Y allows the air, in each dry channel 20 d , to flow parallel, or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis X, and parallel to the flow of air in the wet channel 20 w adjacent to the dry channel.
- the distance between two adjacent second slots, along the lateral axis Y, is preferably less than 50%, or even 40%, or even 30% of the thermal length l th .
- the first and second slots are distributed parallel to the lateral axis Y, in a middle zone of each plate.
- the term middle zone designates a zone located at equal distance, or substantially at equal distance from the two longitudinal edges (or ends) of the plate.
- substantially equal distance is meant at equal distance within a tolerance of ⁇ 10% or ⁇ 20%.
- longitudinal edge is meant edges of the same plate spaced along the longitudinal axis X.
- the first and second lights are aligned and alternate.
- the alignment of the first and second lights parallel to the lateral axis Y makes it possible to optimize the thermal length described above.
- the thermal length l th then corresponds to the distance between each first lumen 11 (or each second lumen 12), and the fluidic junction 21, along the longitudinal axis X.
- each plate 10 allows a symmetrical configuration of the stack, with respect to a middle plane parallel to the transverse axis Z and to the lateral axis Y, passing through the middle zone of each plate.
- the median plane passes through the center of each light and forms a plane of symmetry of the device.
- the ventilation system is configured in such a way that the air to be cooled, emerging from each second slot 12, flows in each dry channel 20 d , respectively towards the two opposite longitudinal ends.
- a fluidic junction 21 allows part of the cooled air to be admitted into a wet channel 20 w adjacent to the dry channel.
- each dry channel comprises two fluidic junctions 21 arranged on either side of the median plane, and preferably arranged symmetrically to each other. The air admitted into the wet channel 20 w flows, from each fluidic junction 21, towards the median plane.
- the symmetrical arrangement of the second embodiment makes it possible to optimize the performance of the device in terms of compactness and efficiency. This makes it possible to limit the thermal length l th , so as to limit the pressure drop, while increasing the heat exchange surface.
- the symmetrical arrangement of the second embodiment makes it possible to obtain a so-called “massively parallel” configuration:
- the arrangement of the flows, in parallel, mentioned in connection with the first embodiment is “triple parallelized” in the symmetrical configuration: according to the axis Y and along the Z axis, but also along the X axis. Along the X axis, the cold air resulting from a dry channel is blown in two opposite directions, parallel to the longitudinal axis X.
- the section of the first lights 11 is reduced compared to the section of the second lights 12.
- the accumulation of the sections of the first lights on the accumulation of the sections of the second lights can be adjusted according to the ratio between the air flow admitted into the dry channel and the air flow admitted into the wet channel, downstream of each dry channel.
- the air to be cooled, upstream of each dry channel and the humid air, downstream of each humid channel flow parallel to the same axis, in this case the transverse axis, this which is beneficial. This simplifies, for example, the connection of different devices together, as described below.
- each plate 10 comprises a second slot 12, without a first slot 11.
- the moist air emerges from each moist channel along the longitudinal axis, and the dry air is brought to each dry channel through a second lumen 12.
- the cooled air is extracted at the center of the plate, while the inlet or outlet axes are provided at the level of an edge of the plate. According to this variant:
- Each plate has a first slot 11 and a second slot 12 arranged close to each longitudinal end;
- the fluidic junctions 21 between each dry channel 20 d and each wet channel 20 w are arranged between two second openings of the dry channel, preferably at the level of the middle part, or substantially at the level of the middle part;
- the air to be cooled flows, in each dry channel 20 d , from a second lumen 12, towards the middle part of each plate 10, as far as a fluidic junction 21;
- each wet channel 20 w the air circulates, in each wet channel 20 w , from a fluidic junction 21, towards a longitudinal end of each plate 10, up to a first light 11.
- the cooled air, resulting from each dry channel is collected at the level of the middle part, through openings made in each plate, and sealed passages provided through each wet channel.
- the cooled air is collected parallel to the transverse axis Z.
- each dry channel extends between two air inlets and a cold outlet 20 d,o u t , the cold outlet being located between the air inlets of the dry channel, at the level of the middle zone.
- Each fluidic junction 21 is arranged, between the dry channel and a wet channel 20 w adjacent to the dry channel, between the air inlets and the cold outlet of the dry channel.
- Each wet channel extends between the fluidic junction 21, at the level of the middle part, and two wet outlets, the fluidic junction 21 being arranged between the two wet outlets.
- Such a variant allows a symmetrical arrangement of the device, with respect to a median plane parallel to the transverse axis and passing through the median zone.
- FIGS 4A through 4D illustrate a third embodiment, which includes features described in connection with the second embodiment.
- each plate comprises at least one third slot 13, intended to allow admission of air to be cooled in each dry channel 10 d .
- the third embodiment is relevant when the air intake l n is formed of air drawn from outside the room.
- the device may comprise an auxiliary air inlet l aUx , intended to admit air drawn from the room to be cooled.
- the device is configured in such a way that the auxiliary air is admitted, in each dry channel, downstream of the air coming from the air intake the latter then forming a main inlet.
- the room temperature is assumed to be lower than the temperature outside the room, it is advisable that the mixing between the outside air and the air in the room is carried out after the outside air has been partially cooled. .
- the outside air is then considered to be at a temperature comparable to the air in the room.
- a dry channel 20 d is in fluid communication with at least one third lumen 13.
- Two third lumens 13, aligned along an auxiliary intake axis, and respectively formed on two adjacent plates, delimiting the same wet channel 20 w are connected to each other by a sealed wall 17, crossing the wet channel., and forming a sealed passage.
- the sealed wall 17 is tubular, around the auxiliary inlet axis.
- the auxiliary intake axis is an axis parallel to the Z axis.
- the auxiliary air is shown in dotted lines.
- auxiliary intake axis corresponds to the fact that the auxiliary air is admitted, in a dry channel, flowing along the auxiliary intake axis, through one or more sealed walls extending through a wet channel.
- each tubular leaktight passage 17 can be obtained by a leaktight seal, or by local protuberances formed in the plates, as described below in connection with FIGS. 5A to 5D.
- Each third lumen 13 is arranged, on each plate, so as to emerge between the second lumen 12 and the fluidic junction 21.
- the third lumen 13 is preferably arranged closer to the second lumen 12 (which forms the main inlet of air), than of the fluidic junction 21.
- the thermal length l th designating a distance, along the longitudinal axis, between the second lumen 12 and the fluidic junction 21, the distance between the third lumen 13 and the second lumen 12 of the same plate can be between 10% and 50% of the thermal length l th , advantageously between 15% and 30% of the thermal length l th .
- Figures 4B and 4D represent respectively a dry face 10 d and a wet face 10 w of the same plate 10.
- Figures 4A and 4C show a section of the stack in an XZ plane passing through section lines AA and BB shown in Figures 4B and 4D.
- auxiliary air inlet makes it possible to adjust a pressure balance in the room to be cooled. This makes it possible in particular to avoid an overpressure of the room, under the effect of the cooled air blown in by the device, in particular when the air forming the admission l in is drawn outside.
- the auxiliary supply makes it possible to reduce an overpressure, by drawing air from inside the room. This makes it possible to avoid possible disturbances in the operation of installations of the centralized ventilation type equipping the room to be cooled.
- placing the part to be cooled under overpressure results in the evacuation of part of the air, cooled by the device, towards the outside of the part, which is not optimal.
- the cooled air coming from each dry channel is advantageously collected, from each cold outlet 20 d,O u t , by an air collector, before being blown into the room.
- auxiliary air intake can be combined with a non-symmetrical embodiment, for example the first embodiment.
- FIGS. 5A to 5D illustrate the formation of leaktight walls between slots, arranged opposite each other, on two successive plates. They may for example be first lights 11, second lights 12 and third lights 13 previously described. According to a first possibility, each slot arranged opposite is surrounded by a seal. The compression of two seals respectively associated with two slots arranged opposite each other makes it possible to form a sealed tubular wall. This possibility is illustrated in Figures 5A and 5B. According to a variant, a single joint can connect two opposite lights.
- FIG. 5C and 5D Another possibility, avoiding or limiting the use of seals, consists in locally deforming the plates 10, at the level of the slots, so that the contact between the two plates ensures a sealed passage, between the two slots.
- the plates can for example be formed in such a way that they approach each other, until they are in contact with each other, around each light. This type of shape can be obtained whether the material is metallic or non-metallic.
- the plates can be thermoformed or molded, so as to obtain the desired shape.
- the plates can be formed from polymer. Polymers generally exhibit less favorable thermal conduction properties than some metals.
- the device 1 essentially assumes that the thermal conduction is ensured through the thickness of the plate 10, the latter being preferably less than 2 mm or 1 mm. This small thickness makes it possible to use polymer-based plates, the small thickness between the wet face 10 w and the dry face 10 d compensating for the low thermal conductivity.
- the low thermal conductivity of a polymer can also constitute an advantage, by limiting the conduction of heat along the longitudinal axis X.
- the polymer can thus extend from the dry face. It can extend to the wet face or be covered by a material or a capillary structure conducive to wetting the wet face.
- polymer materials also makes it possible to significantly reduce the mass of the device. This also makes it possible to form plates by thermoforming, as described in connection with FIGS. 5C and 5D.
- the dry faces may comprise fins, forming protuberances, and increasing the exchange surface between the dry face and the air to be cooled. The same is true of the wet face.
- the device can be arranged in modules, each module comprising a determined quantity of plates.
- the concatenation of modules makes it possible to adjust the power of the device.
- An intermediate collector, collecting the air to be cooled, upstream of a dry channel, and the humid air, downstream of a humid channel, can be placed between the two modules.
- the modular arrangement is facilitated in the configurations in which the air to be cooled, the humid air resulting from the humid channels and the possible auxiliary air flow parallel to the transverse axis Z.
- each wet face can be carried out using a fixed reservoir, connected to each wet face by a fluidic or capillary connection. Water can reach each wet face by pumping or by gravity flow.
- spacers can be arranged so as to keep the spacing between two adjacent plates as constant as possible.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Devices For Blowing Cold Air, Devices For Blowing Warm Air, And Means For Preventing Water Condensation In Air Conditioning Units (AREA)
- Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR2102107A FR3120424B1 (fr) | 2021-03-04 | 2021-03-04 | Dispositif de climatisation à refroidissement indirect par évaporation |
PCT/EP2022/055490 WO2022184871A1 (fr) | 2021-03-04 | 2022-03-03 | Dispositif de climatisation a refroidissement indirect par evaporation |
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EP4302019A1 true EP4302019A1 (fr) | 2024-01-10 |
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EP22708964.6A Pending EP4302019A1 (fr) | 2021-03-04 | 2022-03-03 | Dispositif de climatisation a refroidissement indirect par evaporation |
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US (1) | US20240167705A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4302019A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2024509440A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN117280162A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2022229835A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3120424B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2022184871A1 (fr) |
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FR3139621A1 (fr) | 2022-09-08 | 2024-03-15 | Caeli Energie | Dispositif de climatisation par refroidissement indirect par évaporation |
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FR2433156A1 (fr) * | 1978-08-09 | 1980-03-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Perfectionnement aux echangeurs de chaleur a plaques |
IL155022A0 (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2003-10-31 | Idalex Technologies Inc | Method and plate apparatus for dew point evaporative cooler |
US7093452B2 (en) * | 2004-03-24 | 2006-08-22 | Acma Limited | Air conditioner |
AU2015316185B2 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2021-02-04 | Ff Seeley Nominees Pty Ltd | Compact indirect evaporative cooler |
AU2016224139B2 (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2021-08-05 | Seeley International Pty Ltd | Method of producing a micro-core heat exchanger for a compact indirect evaporative cooler |
-
2021
- 2021-03-04 FR FR2102107A patent/FR3120424B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-03-03 JP JP2023553492A patent/JP2024509440A/ja active Pending
- 2022-03-03 WO PCT/EP2022/055490 patent/WO2022184871A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2022-03-03 EP EP22708964.6A patent/EP4302019A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-03-03 US US18/548,905 patent/US20240167705A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-03 AU AU2022229835A patent/AU2022229835A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-03 CN CN202280032727.0A patent/CN117280162A/zh active Pending
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AU2022229835A1 (en) | 2023-10-12 |
CN117280162A (zh) | 2023-12-22 |
FR3120424A1 (fr) | 2022-09-09 |
US20240167705A1 (en) | 2024-05-23 |
WO2022184871A1 (fr) | 2022-09-09 |
FR3120424B1 (fr) | 2023-03-31 |
JP2024509440A (ja) | 2024-03-01 |
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