EP4296574A1 - Nachrüstkitanordnung - Google Patents

Nachrüstkitanordnung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4296574A1
EP4296574A1 EP22180363.8A EP22180363A EP4296574A1 EP 4296574 A1 EP4296574 A1 EP 4296574A1 EP 22180363 A EP22180363 A EP 22180363A EP 4296574 A1 EP4296574 A1 EP 4296574A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
hydrogen
control unit
gas
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22180363.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jelmer Woudstra
Job Rutgers
Saskia BÖRGER
Andrea Pisoni
Mehmet Kapucu
Siebe POSTMA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BDR Thermea Group BV
Original Assignee
BDR Thermea Group BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BDR Thermea Group BV filed Critical BDR Thermea Group BV
Priority to EP22180363.8A priority Critical patent/EP4296574A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2023/066935 priority patent/WO2023247692A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2023/066932 priority patent/WO2023247689A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2023/066923 priority patent/WO2023247683A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2023/066933 priority patent/WO2023247690A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2023/066925 priority patent/WO2023247685A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2023/066926 priority patent/WO2023247686A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2023/066922 priority patent/WO2023247682A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2023/066921 priority patent/WO2023247681A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2023/066920 priority patent/WO2023247680A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2023/066929 priority patent/WO2023247687A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2023/066918 priority patent/WO2023247679A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2023/066934 priority patent/WO2023247691A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2023/066924 priority patent/WO2023247684A1/en
Publication of EP4296574A1 publication Critical patent/EP4296574A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L5/00—Blast-producing apparatus before the fire
    • F23L5/02—Arrangements of fans or blowers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/31019—Mixing tubes and burner heads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a conversion and control unit for converting a hydrocarbon gas boiler to a hydrogen boiler, a retrofit kit assembly for converting a hydrocarbon gas combustion appliance, in particular a gas boiler, and more particularly for a condensing gas boiler, to a combustion appliance for combustion of fuel gas comprising more than 20 mol% hydrogen. Additionally, the invention relates to a combustion appliance comprising said retrofit kit assembly. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the conversion and control unit or retrofit kit assembly for converting a natural gas combustion appliance, in particular a natural gas boiler, into a combustion appliance, in particular boiler, for the combustion of pure hydrogen and to a method for retrofitting a combustion appliance.
  • the emission of carbon dioxide is one of the most relevant factors contributing to the pollution in environment. Since the contribution from the building sector is continuously increasing in the last decades, there is the need to reduce CO 2 emissions from this sector. Heating of spaces and heating of water are the two major causes of energy consumption and CO 2 emission from the building sector. Inefficient boilers and carbon-intensive power can further worsen this problem.
  • gas boilers combust gas fuel to heat water for domestic use and/or central heating systems in buildings.
  • the market is looking into more sustainable alternatives with a lower CO2-footprint to combusting natural gas.
  • One of these alternatives is combusting pure hydrogen.
  • gas boilers combusting pure hydrogen i.e. hydrogen boiler
  • gas boilers combusting pure hydrogen are boilers to which fuel gas is supplied that comprises at least 98 mol% hydrogen.
  • natural gas (or propane) boilers on the market which are only suitable to combust up to 20 mol% hydrogen into the gas blend (according to the specifications).
  • Poka Yoke devices in addition are simple and inexpensive.
  • EP 3 524 884 A1 is directed to providing a retrofit assembly for a fuel gas boiler that that reduces polluting emissions and/or increases the yield and/or reduces problems in the ignition phase and discloses a retrofit assembly for a fuel gas boiler, the boiler comprising a fuel gas burner, a feeding assembly for supplying fuel gas to the burner, and a control unit for controlling the feeding assembly.
  • the retrofit assembly comprises a processing unit configured to acquire a first control signal of the feeding assembly configured to control the feeding assembly, a second signal correlated to the exhaust gas or fuel gas composition, the processing unit being configured to define a third control signal of the feeding assembly configured to control the feeding assembly and based on the second signal and on the first signal.
  • the retrofit assembly is configured to be installed in the boiler and to control the flow rate of the fuel gas by means of the third signal.
  • EP 3 524 884 A1 which is directed to a conversion system for a gas boiler for reducing the polluting emissions of the boiler for example discloses the retrofit of a control system, i.e. the modification of the setting parameters for increasing the yield of the boiler.
  • EP 3 524 884 A1 does not disclose how to reduce or eliminate human errors in the conversion of a natural gas boiler to a hydrogen boiler.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to facilitate retrofitting a hydrocarbon gas boiler without the need to change the software on an existing PCB and/or controlling the existing PCB to ensure that hydrogen combustion is safely operated.
  • a conversion and control unit for converting a hydrocarbon gas combustion appliance to a hydrogen combustion appliance combusting more than 20 mol%, in particular more than 30 mol%, hydrogen, configured to take over control of the gas combustion appliance or to override a natural gas combustion control unit of the gas combustion appliance and/or to be inserted in between a natural gas combustion control unit of the hydrocarbon gas combustion appliance to be converted and at least one hydrogen combustion sensor.
  • the conversion and control unit can comprise at least one port for at least one hydrogen combustion sensor, in particular a UV sensor and/or a O2 sensor, and/or a thermal sensor, in particular for flame check and/or a H2 leakage sensor and a connector, in particular poka yoke, configured for a connection with a natural gas combustion control unit of the hydrocarbon gas combustion appliance to be converted.
  • at least one hydrogen combustion sensor in particular a UV sensor and/or a O2 sensor
  • a thermal sensor in particular for flame check and/or a H2 leakage sensor
  • a connector in particular poka yoke
  • the conversion and control unit can comprise at least one, in particular poka-yoke configured, connector, which allows for a natural gas combustion control unit to remain in the hydrocarbon combustion appliance to be converted and wherein the natural gas combustion control unit will be controlled by the conversion and control unit.
  • the conversion and control unit is connectable to the natural gas combustion unit by means of the connector and thus can send control signals to the natural gas combustion unit in order to control the natural gas combustion unit.
  • the UV sensor and/or an O2 sensor is connected to the control unit.
  • the conversion and control unit comprises at least one communication line configured for connection to the natural gas combustion control unit.
  • the conversion and control unit is configured to comprise parameter settings for hydrogen combustion and/or parameter settings configured to detect a malfunction of the at least one hydrogen combustion sensor, in particular the UV sensor and/or the O2 sensor.
  • the conversion and control unit is or comprises a printed circuit board (PCB).
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • a retrofit kit assembly for converting a hydrocarbon gas combustion appliance, in particular a gas boiler, and more particularly for a condensing gas boiler, to a combustion appliance for combustion of fuel gas comprising more than 20 mol% hydrogen, the kit assembly comprising, in particular a frame structure fixable to a housing of the combustion appliance for, in particular fully, closing a burner chamber of the combustion appliance; and further comprising, a conversion and control unit according to the invention.
  • the retrofit kit assembly comprising the conversion and control unit according to the invention, it is possible to convert a combustion appliance such as a hydrocarbon gas boiler into a hydrogen gas boiler in a very easy and safe way while reducing human error by way of the concept of prevention through design.
  • the retrofit kit assembly according to the invention is in addition simple and inexpensive. In other words, the conversion can be realized in a very short time and only requires replacing a minimum amount of components.
  • the retrofit kit assembly reduces a number of human error sources such as inadvertent error, misunderstanding, forgetfulness, misidentification, and inexperience by reducing the number of parts to be disconnected, replaced and connected to a minimum.
  • the present retrofit kit assembly is ready to be mounted in a combustion appliance, in particular a (natural) gas boiler, by simply fixing the frame structure to a suitable housing of the combustion appliance.
  • the modular nature of the assembly allows the possibility to provide a combination of different components suitable for a hydrogen gas combustion appliance depending on and optimized to the configuration and working principle of the respective (natural gas) combustion appliance to be converted.
  • the retrofit-kit assembly according to the invention has overall lower skill-requirements for the conversion which leads to increased safety and reduced conversion time.
  • the retrofit kit according to the invention allows a constructively easy pre-determined orientation of the location of the manifold structure, in particular of the first and second connection, and thereby provides a technical behaviour shaping constraint in view of safety critical parts for the combustion of hydrogen, thereby reducing safety risks, such as the incorrect connection of hydrogen and air.
  • Such an embodiment has the advantage that it also ensures in an easy way that the requirements of the hydrogen-fire gas appliance guide PAS4444:2020 are fulfilled according to which a post blower mixing is needed.
  • the manifold structure is provided with a connection for fuel gas (i.e. for a gas valve) that is located downstream the connection for receiving air (i.e. for a fan element). Downstream refers to the air flow in the manifold.
  • the embodiment has the further advantage, that misidentification, forgetfulness or inadvertent error are further reduced by way of product design, thus reducing defects caused by not following procedures, missing or wrong parts, improper setup and errors in part setup itself.
  • a pre blower mixing is possible.
  • the manifold structure is provided with a connection for fuel gas, in particular for a gas valve, that is located such that fuel gas is sucked by a fan.
  • the fan has to consist of spark-free material.
  • the burner can be connected or is connected to the manifold structure at the outlet portion for receiving a gas mixture to be combusted.
  • a compact shape retrofit kit assembly is achieved.
  • this embodiment has the advantage that. Is decreases set-up time even further with associated reduction in set-up errors and thus even further improved quality and safety.
  • the pre-determined orientation and design of the frame structure of the conversion kit ensures that the correct frame structure is used and also ensures through a simple, constructive behaviour shaping constraint the correct hydrogen conversion kit is used to ensure the use of safety critical parts for proper combustion of hydrogen to mitigate an explosion risk due to an incorrect conversion kit.
  • the frame structure comprises at least one poka-yoke configured hydrogen combustion component.
  • the hydrogen combustion component can be the hydrogen combustion sensor.
  • the frame structure, in particular the receiving portion can be configured such that the hydrogen combustion component can be firmly fixed to the frame structure. Firmly fixed means that no relative movement is possible between the frame structure and the hydrogen combustion component.
  • the receiving portion can be any kind of a portion of the frame structure in which the hydrogen combustion component can be at least partly arranged and/or to which at least a part of the hydrogen combustion component can be attached.
  • Poka-yoke configured hydrogen combustion configured components according to the invention are components which are safety critical for the correct combustion of hydrogen to prevent connecting natural gas components by mistake.
  • Poka-yoke within the meaning of the invention relates therefore to hydrogen combustion safety critical components which are physically, structurally, operatively and/or electrically configured to prevent inadvertent hydrogen combustion errors.
  • Physical or structural configuration to prevent inadvertent errors comprises connections such as plugs which only fit in the correct port, so that an improper mounting is prevented physically.
  • Operatively or electrically configured means that if the connection is not the proper connection, safety critical operation of the converted boiler, in particular combustion, is prevented and/or an error signal is given to also visualize the error.
  • Suitable examples comprise that e.g. a UV sensor is mounted in a location of the frame which location is distinct from the position of an ignition probe of the natural gas boiler to be converted.
  • the UV sensor preferably has a poka-yoke configured plug which prevents insertion in the natural gas boiler control unit.
  • a conversion kit makes it only possible to mount and connect the hydrogen combustion safety relevant components in the correct way. Thus, it is no longer necessary to include time-consuming checks of every connection based on e.g. a manual and requires fewer connection to be disconnected and re-connected based on a manual, which also contributes to the reliability of the proper mounting, conversion and operation of the boiler.
  • the poka-yoke configured components contribute to reliable and easy detection and resolving of hydrogen combustion safety related components during conversion. This enhances safety of the conversion of a natural gas boiler to a hydrogen boiler while saving time for error detection and individual checks.
  • the poka-yoke configured component can for example be a poka-yoke configured connector.
  • a poka-yoke configured connecter according to the invention means a connector which is configured to prevent inserting of the poka-yoke configured connector in a natural gas configured port.
  • the hydrogen consumption component can only be connected with a port of the control unit that is configured to receive said connector.
  • a misconnecting of hydrogen consumption components to the control unit can be prevented in an easy manner.
  • the hydrogen combustion component can be any component of the kit assembly that is needed for hydrogen combustion and has to be electrically connected to the control unit.
  • the control unit can be a hydrogen combustion control unit configured to control a burner configured for hydrogen combustion.
  • the hydrogen combustion control unit is a control unit for controlling hydrogen combustion.
  • the hydrogen combustion control unit is electrically connected with all hydrogen combustion components that are needed for the hydrogen combustion control.
  • the hydrogen combustion component can be a UV-Sensor.
  • the provision of the hydrogen combustion control unit for controlling the burner for hydrogen combustion has the advantage that the installer does not need to adapt and/or to exchange the natural gas combustion control unit. Thus, there is no risk that hydrogen combustion will be controlled on the basis of control signals used for hydrocarbon gas combustion avoiding risky situations.
  • the connection of the hydrogen combustion control unit and the frame structure can be such that the hydrogen combustion control unit is moved when the frame structure is moved.
  • the control unit can be a natural gas combustion control unit configured to control a burner configured for natural gas combustion.
  • the natural gas combustion control unit can be removed or it can be electrically connected with the hydrogen combustion control unit that is configured to control the burner for hydrogen combustion.
  • control unit in particular the hydrogen combustion control unit and/or the natural gas combustion control unit, can be arranged in the receiving portion of the frame structure. Additionally or alternatively, the control unit can be mechanically connected to the frame structure.
  • the control unit in particular the hydrogen combustion control unit and/or the natural gas combustion control unit, can comprise further ports.
  • the further ports in particular all further ports, are not configured to be configured with the poka-yoke configured connector of the hydrogen combustion component.
  • the further ports can be assigned to a specific hydrogen combustion component if the control unit is a hydrogen combustion control unit. Thus, it is ensured that each of the hydrogen combustion components is connected to the correct further port. If the control unit is the natural gas combustion component, the further ports can be connected to natural gas combustion components.
  • a hydrogen combustion control unit and a natural gas combustion control unit can be provided.
  • the hydrogen combustion control unit can be electrically connected with the natural gas combustion control unit.
  • the provision of the hydrogen combustion control unit has the advantage that the correct control signals are transmitted to the components of the kit assembly.
  • the correct control signals for combusting fuel gas having more than 20 mol% hydrogen are provided.
  • the burner can always be controlled correctly for chosen combustion settings.
  • the hydrogen combustion control unit comprises a port for receiving the poka yoke configured connector of the hydrogen combustion component, in particular a UV-sensor.
  • a port for receiving the poka yoke configured connector of the hydrogen combustion component, in particular a UV-sensor.
  • the provision of such a port ensures that the hydrogen combustion component, in particular the UV sensor, can be easily connected with the hydrogen combustion control unit.
  • the form of the port can be different of other ports of the hydrogen combustion control unit and/or of the ports of the natural gas combustion control unit. Due to the port and connector form, it is avoided that other electric components, in particular an ignition electrode, can be wrongly connected with the hydrogen combustion control unit.
  • the frame structure can be fixable to the housing of a heat exchanger present in a combustion appliance, in particular a (natural) gas boiler.
  • a heat exchanger facilitates the transfer of heat derived from the combustion of fuel gas and air present in circulating conduits. Therefore, the housing of the heat exchanger usually contains the burner of the combustion appliance, in particular gas boiler, for combusting the fuel gas. It is noted that the main factors distinguishing a natural gas combustion appliance from a hydrogen gas combustion appliance are related to the combustion aspects of the fuel gas and that the functioning of the heat exchanger itself remains basically the same.
  • the present retrofit kit assembly is used to replace fundamental components for the combustion, such as the burner or a flame detection means, in order to convert a natural gas combustion appliance to a hydrogen gas combustion appliance.
  • the present retrofit kit assembly comprises a burner configured for hydrogen gas combustion.
  • the burner configured for hydrogen combustion can preferably be fixed to the frame structure.
  • the frame structure comprises a first portion and a second portion, wherein the burner is fixed to said first portion.
  • the second portion extends longitudinally from the first portion.
  • the frame structure being shaped as to cover at least partially, in particular fully, the housing, in particular a burner chamber, of the combustion appliance.
  • the frame structure, and specifically the second portion of the frame structure is formed as a plate i.e. as a front cover for the internal housing of the combustion appliance.
  • the frame structure can work as a front cover of said heat exchanger.
  • the first portion of the frame structure is interposed, in particular in flow direction of the air and fuel gas mixture, between the burner and the outlet portion of the manifold structure.
  • any misalignments or misplacements are at the same time made harder to do and at the same time makes detection very easy without requiring an in-depth analysis as would be required if all connections undone and done would need to be inspected to detect a defect in the conversion setup.
  • a further advantage is that fewer individual parts need to be connected and disconnected and thereby further reducing potential errors, in particular in making a proper connection, or connecting the right parts.
  • Fuel gas can comprise more than 20 mol% hydrogen.
  • fuel gas can comprise more than 50 mol%, in particular more than 90 mol% hydrogen or be pure hydrogen.
  • Pure hydrogen is defined as comprising at least 98 mol% hydrogen (hydrogen-fire gas appliance guide PAS4444:2020).
  • Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture, comprising methane and commonly further comprising varying amounts of among others higher alkanes, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide or helium.
  • the hydrocarbon gas can also comprise or consist of propane.
  • the retrofit kit further comprises a manifold structure comprising means for providing an air/gas mixture and the manifold structure further comprising an inlet portion and an outlet portion, wherein the inlet portion is configured to receive the air/gas mixture and wherein the inlet portion comprises a first connection for receiving at least fuel gas, and a second connection located downstream from the first connection and wherein the outlet portion is arranged such that the air/gas mixture exits the manifold structure through the outlet portion and wherein the outlet portion is connected to the frame structure (5).
  • the retrofit kit can further comprise and a burner configured for hydrogen combustion fixed to the frame structure and a manifold structure having an inlet portion and an outlet portion, the manifold structure being, in particular integrally, connected to the frame structure at the outlet portion; and wherein the manifold structure comprises a first connection for receiving at least fuel gas and a second connection for receiving at least air, the first connection and the second connection being both located at the inlet portion of the manifold structure, wherein the first connection is located downstream the second connection.
  • the conversion and control unit can be connected to the frame structure.
  • the first connection can be integrally connected to the manifold structure and/or can protrude from the manifold structure.
  • the manifold structure can comprise a suppressor structure.
  • the suppressor structure can be used to reduce the noise and/or the impact of flashback and/or can be an inlet silencer.
  • the retrofit kit can optionally further comprise a burner configured for hydrogen combustion, in particular fixed to the frame structure.
  • a burner configured for hydrogen combustion
  • the frame structure comprises an additional control unit configured to control a burner configured for hydrogen combustion wherein the control unit is connected to the frame structure.
  • the hydrogen combustion control unit can be electrically connected with the natural gas combustion control unit.
  • the provision of the hydrogen combustion control unit has the advantage that the correct control signals are transmitted to the components of the kit assembly.
  • the correct control signals for combusting fuel gas having more than 20 mol% are provided.
  • an explosion risk is reduced.
  • a further advantage of the hydrogen combustion control unit is that the burner can always be controlled correctly.
  • the control unit can comprise a port for receiving the poka yoke configured connector of the UV-sensor.
  • a port for receiving the poka yoke configured connector of the UV-sensor.
  • the provision of such a port ensures that the UV sensor can be easily connected with the hydrogen combustion control unit.
  • the form of the port can be different of other ports of the hydrogen combustion control unit and/or of the ports of the natural gas combustion appliance control. Thus, it is avoided that other electric components, in particular an ignition electrode, can be wrongly connected with the hydrogen combustion control unit.
  • the hydrogen combustion component can be a UV-sensor.
  • the UV-sensor can comprise a poka-yoke configured connector to prevent connecting of the UV sensor to a natural gas combustion control unit.
  • the poka-yoke configured connector according to the invention means a connector which is configured to prevent inserting of the poka-yoke configured connector in a natural gas boiler control unit port.
  • the natural gas combustion appliance control unit port is part of a natural gas combustion appliance control unit.
  • Said control unit is configured to control the burner for natural gas combustion.
  • said control unit can be removed or it can be electrically connected with the control unit that is configured to control the burner for hydrogen combustion.
  • the burner can be connectable or connected to the manifold structure at the outlet portion for receiving a gas mixture to be combusted.
  • the frame structure can cover the burner chamber in a sealing manner. Additionally or alternatively, the frame structure comprises a first portion and a second portion, wherein the burner is fixed to said first portion and the second portion extending longitudinally from the first portion, wherein the first portion of the frame structure is interposed between the burner and the outlet portion of the manifold structure.
  • the first connection can be integrally connected to the manifold structure and/or can protrude from the manifold structure.
  • the burner can be connectable or connected to the manifold structure at the outlet portion for receiving a gas mixture to be combusted.
  • a compact shape retrofit kit assembly is achieved.
  • this embodiment has the advantage that relevant parts are pre-mounted in production, which allows for thorough quality testing and thus leads to a lower number of parts needing to be assembled and tested during conversion. This decreases set-up time even further with associated reduction in set-up errors and thus even further improved quality and safety.
  • a gas burner configured for hydrogen needs be able to work at full power when there is a high heat demand.
  • the gas burner should also be able to work at a lower power level, for example at 50% or 25% or 20% or 10% of the maximum power level, when there is only a low heat demand.
  • another property of hydrogen is that the combustion temperature is about 300°C higher than the combustion temperature of methane.
  • the burner deck temperature needs to stay below 585°C, the auto-ignition temperature of hydrogen at all times.
  • a stable flame needs to be present taking account the high flame speed of hydrogen.
  • the burner deck geometry can be adapted such that the temperature stays below the auto-ignition temperature of hydrogen at all times and that avoids a flame lift off.
  • This can be achieved for example by a burner deck that comprises a sheet enclosing a chamber and having at least one protrusion with a through hole.
  • the through hole is fluidically connected with the chamber wherein the protrusion comprises a concave section and/or a convex section, in particular concave section and convex section.
  • the burner deck according to the present invention focuses on a reduction of the risk of flashback and facilitates the lift instead of maintaining the flame attached to the burner. This is especially useful when employing a highly reactive gas, such as hydrogen, as fuel gas.
  • the concave and convex sections determine a particular aerodynamic of the protrusion and the corresponding through hole.
  • a sort of Venturi effect is created when the gas mixture passes through the protrusion from the chamber of the burner to outside the gas burner.
  • This aerodynamic helps the mixed flow to pass with a reduced local pressure loss and the flow is guided towards the outside without any recirculation.
  • the gas mixture that passes through the through hole of the protrusion maintains the temperature below the auto-ignition of the fuel gas, i.e. hydrogen.
  • There are no local pressure drops that could cause hot spots like it happens with the thin edge of a natural gas burner deck that has an anchoring effect for the flame.
  • a flame lifting behavior is prioritized instead of an anchor-feature. Accordingly, using such burner deck, a better fluid dynamic and thermal behavior is obtained when and where the gas expands due to the combustion.
  • the protrusion can protrude in a direction away from the chamber.
  • the protrusion comprises a proximal portion close to the sheet, a distal portion away from the sheet and a middle portion located between the proximal and the distal portion.
  • the concave section of the protrusion includes the proximal portion and can include a part of the middle portion, whereas the convex section includes the distal portion and can include another part of the middle portion.
  • the transverse cross section of the distal portion in particular at an end distal to the middle portion, is larger than the transverse cross section of the middle portion, and preferably the transverse cross section of the distal portion, in particular at an end distal to the middle portion, is larger than the transverse cross section of the middle portion and/or proximal portion, in particular at an end distal to the middle portion.
  • the area of the transverse cross section is decreasing in a direction away from the chamber.
  • the area of the transverse cross section is, in particular essentially, constant in the direction away from the chamber.
  • the area of the transverse cross section is increasing in the direction away from the chamber.
  • the transverse cross section corresponds with a plane that is orthogonal to a central axis of the protrusion.
  • the protrusion can have a Venturi shape and/or a double truncated cone shape. This is advantageous for further limiting the flashback.
  • the concave section and the convex section can be arranged coaxially.
  • the burner deck is configured such that the gas-air mixture can merely flow out through the protrusion from the chamber to a combustion chamber of the gas burner.
  • the protrusion can extend over a length comprised between 15% to 25%, preferably 20%, of a thickness value of the sheet of the burner deck, in particular in radial direction with respect to a burner central axis. In this way, the risk of flashback is further reduced.
  • less than 20%, in particular less than 19%, or less than 15%, for example less than 12.0% or for example less than 10.0% of the surface area of the burner deck is formed by a combined surface area of the holes. More than 5.0% of the surface area of the burner deck is formed by a combined surface area of the holes. Less than 7.0%, for example less than 5.0% or for example less than 4.0% of the surface area of the burner deck is formed by a combined surface area of the holes. More than 1.0% of the surface area of the burner deck is formed by a combined surface area of the holes.
  • a preferred range of the combined surface area of the holes is less than 20% and more than 15%, in particular less than 19% and more than 16%.
  • the flow rate of the air-hydrogen mixture through the openings has to be chosen such that the combustion of the hydrogen can be stabilized on the burner deck of the gas burner.
  • Another property of hydrogen that has to be considered is that the combustion temperature is about 300°C higher than the combustion temperature of methane.
  • the burner deck becomes much too hot for materials typically used in gas burners. In particular, the burner deck can reach a temperature of about 585°C, so that hydrogen can auto-ignite.
  • the retrofit kit assembly can comprise a gas valve fixed at the first connection of the manifold structure and connectable to a gas conduit. This has the additional advantage that the safety is even further increased as even fewer connections need to be made as the gas valve will only have to be connected to the (natural) gas boiler to be converted. Therefore, even more connections can be quality controlled already during production of the retro fit kit assembly itself. This further reduces defects caused by human error, such as inadvertent error, inexperience, misidentification or forgetfulness and thereby further reduces defects in the gas valve connection safety.
  • the retrofit kit assembly can comprise a fan element fixed to the second connection of the manifold structure and connectable at least to an air conduit.
  • orientation and location of the fan element is pre-determined such that the requirements of the hydrogen-fire gas appliance guide PAS4444:2020 are fulfilled by ensuring that ambient air is always sucked in in sufficient concentration / as needed. Additionally, it is prevented that an operator connects the fan element to wrong connection, namely the first connection resulting in pre blower mixing.
  • the gas valve is hydrogen ready. Due to the small size of hydrogen molecules, conventional gas valves are prone to leak. Therefore, the gas valve used in the present retrofit kit assembly is more leak tight compared to the commonly used burners for natural gas. For example, to reach the same load with hydrogen compared to natural gas, the volume flow of gas is about three times bigger.
  • the fan element is hydrogen ready, meaning that no electro-static discharge is present. In case of hydrogen comprising fuel gas combustion electrostatic discharge can lead to unwanted ignition of the fuel gas.
  • the manifold structure can comprise a, in particular Venturi shaped, mixer placed downstream the second connection, i.e. downstream the fan element.
  • a, in particular Venturi shaped, mixer placed downstream the second connection, i.e. downstream the fan element.
  • the, in particular Venturi shaped, mixer is configured to handle these flows without too much pressure drop.
  • the mixer is the means for providing the air/gas mixture.
  • the gas valve is, in particular directly connected, to the, in particular Venturi shaped, mixer. That means, no further components are arranged in the gas flow path between the gas valve and the mixer. In this embodiment, even fewer parts need to be assembled during conversion making mounting even simpler and further reducing mounting errors.
  • a certain working principle can be chosen, i.e. a pneumatic system or an electronic controlled system.
  • the same working principle can be maintained or the working principle can be switched from pneumatic towards electronic or the other way around from electronic towards pneumatic.
  • the gas valve can be controlled electronically or pneumatically.
  • the fan and the gas valve can be controlled by the same electrical control unit or by separate control units.
  • the assembly further comprises a flame detector sensor, in particular a UV sensor and/or a thermal sensor, wherein the flame detector is located at the outlet portion of the manifold.
  • the ionization probe is the conventional flame detector for hydrocarbon combusting heating appliances, however, ionization probes do not detect hydrogen flames correctly or at all, in particular at high hydrogen concentrations. In particular when pure hydrogen is used, the flame can no longer be detected using a ionization probe. Therefore, a retrofit kit assembly comprising a UV sensor contains a further behavior-shaping constraint which facilitates that the correct safety critical sensor is included in the conversion without requiring additional checks and tests during conversion.
  • the assembly can comprise at least one of an optical sensor, a temperature sensor, a thermocouple or a catalytic sensor to function as flame detector.
  • the assembly can further comprise a thermocouple placed in the burner.
  • the retrofit kit assembly can comprise at least one, in particular more than one, sensor.
  • the sensor can be a hydrogen detector.
  • the sensor can be an oxygen sensor and/or flow sensor and/or a temperature sensor and/or a thermocouple and/or a catalytic sensor.
  • the sensor or sensors can be used to detect the presence of hydrogen, in particular, the leakage of hydrogen which increases the safety in a simple and reliable way.
  • the combustion based on the sensor signals.
  • flow sensors, thermal conductivity sensors, O 2 sensor, UV sensor or temperature sensor/thermocouple, or catalytic sensor can be used instead of or additionally to a ionization electrode commonly used in natural gas combustion appliances.
  • the outlet portion can comprise at least one receive portion for receiving a flame detector sensor and/or a sensor as discussed above.
  • the manifold can also comprise a receive portion for receiving the sensor.
  • the manifold can comprise a first receive portion for receiving a sensor.
  • the sensor can be gas flow sensor for sensing a gas flow.
  • the manifold can also comprise a second receive portion for receiving a sensor.
  • the sensor can be an air flow sensor for sensing an air flow.
  • the combustion appliance can comprise control components, in particular connecting cables, for the connection of the at least one of the above-mentioned additional components (i.e. flow sensors, thermal conductivity sensors, oxygen sensor, UV sensor or temperature sensor/thermocouple, or catalytic sensor) to the combustion appliance.
  • additional components i.e. flow sensors, thermal conductivity sensors, oxygen sensor, UV sensor or temperature sensor/thermocouple, or catalytic sensor
  • the frame structure is provided with a plurality of through holes arranged along the perimeter of the frame structure for receiving connecting means, in particular screws, to fix said frame structure to the internal housing of the combustion appliance, i.e. to the housing of the heat exchanger.
  • the assembly can further comprise an inlet silencer provided at the inlet portion of the manifold. Additionally or alternatively, the assembly can further comprise an inlet silencer provided at the inlet portion, in particular fluidically connecting the inlet portion with the mixer.
  • the burner is suitable for hydrogen combustion. In this way, the outflow velocity can be configured to be greater than the flame speed. In another example, the burner can be suitable for the combustion of both natural gas and hydrogen.
  • a retrofit kit assembly is provided by means of which a natural gas combustion appliance can be retrofitted to a hydrogen gas combustion appliance.
  • the retrofit kit assembly is configured in the aforementioned manner in order to reduce leakage and/or explosion risks.
  • a combustion appliance and more particularly for a condensing gas boiler, is provided, the combustion appliance comprising an inventive retrofit kit assembly that is fixed to the housing.
  • a combustion appliance comprises a housing that has an interface configured to be connected with the retrofit kit assembly.
  • the interface can be a mechanical interface so that the retrofit kit assembly can be mechanically connected to the housing of the combustion appliance.
  • the connection can be a form-fitting or force fitting connection.
  • the connection can be releasable. That means the connection can be released without destroying the retrofit kit assembly and/or the housing.
  • combustion appliances can include furnaces, water heaters, boilers, direct/in-direct make-up air heaters, power/jet burners and any other residential, commercial or industrial combustion appliance.
  • a combustion appliance can be modulated over a plurality of burner loads, with each burner load requiring a different flow rate of fuel resulting in a different heat output. At higher burner loads, more fuel and more air are typically provided to the burner, and at lower burner loads less fuel and less air are typically provided to the burner.
  • the at least one flame detector sensor and/or least one sensor be positioned such on the retrofit kit assembly that they sense physical values from the burner chamber.
  • the burner chamber is at least partly delimited by the housing of the combustion appliance.
  • the retrofit kit assembly can comprise means for fixing the kit assembly to the housing, in particular the interface of the housing, of the combustion appliance. Accordingly, an operator would have all the required elements for converting a natural gas combustion appliance into a hydrogen combustion appliance.
  • the retrofit kit assembly can comprise a cable, in particular being part of a cable harness, that is electrically connected with at least one component of the kit assembly.
  • the kit assembly comprises a cable, in particular being part of a cable harness, that is electrically connected with at least one component of the kit assembly and is connectable with an electrical component of the combustion appliance.
  • a combustion appliance in particular a gas boiler, and more particularly a condensing gas boiler, , is provided, wherein the kit assembly according to the invention and a housing is provided, wherein the combustion appliance comprises a combustion chamber wherein the kit assembly is fixed to the housing.
  • a combustion appliance is provided with a housing comprising an interface configured to be connected with the retrofit kit assembly according to the invention.
  • the use of the inventive retrofit kit assembly for converting a hydrocarbon gas combustion appliance into a combustion appliance for the combustion of pure hydrogen is provided.
  • the combustion appliance conversion can be easy to realize and can be carried out in a very short time (for example less than one hour). Also, the conversion can be safe and effective for the operation of a hydrogen combustion appliance.
  • a method for retrofitting a combustion appliance in particular a gas boiler, and more particularly for a condensing gas boiler, is provided.
  • the combustion appliance has a burner for combusting a gas mixture including gaseous hydrocarbons, in particular natural gas or propane, and the method comprises:
  • the poka-yoke behavior-shaping constraints by way of contact, meaning the use of shape, size, or other physical attributes for detection, ensures that the right conditions exist before a process step is executed, and thus preventing defects from occurring in the first place.
  • the value of using the poka-yoke is that they help people and processes work right the first time, which prevents in a simple and reliable way an improper part setup.
  • the method can further comprise the step of updating the setting parameters of the combustion appliance for the combustion of pure hydrogen. By updating of setting parameters an improper operation can be prevented.
  • updating the setting parameters occurs automatically by detecting the presence of hydrogen being above a predetermined value, in particular 20 mol% or pure hydrogen, in the gas mixture. This can be carried out by measuring the amount of hydrogen in the gas mixture using for example a hydrogen detector conveniently placed in the combustion appliance.
  • updating the setting parameters can occur automatically by connecting an additional sensor to the appliance.
  • updating the setting parameters can occur by detecting the absence of a ionization signal and by detecting a flame detection signal generated by a flame detector, in particular a UV sensor and/or a thermal sensor, and/or a ionization probe.
  • a retrofit kit assembly 1 is shown.
  • the assembly 1 comprises at least a frame structure 5, a manifold structure 10 and a burner 6 for the combustion of hydrogen.
  • the manifold structure 10 serves to distribute the gas mixture and comprises an inlet portion 11 and an outlet portion 12.
  • the manifold structure 10 is integrally connected to the frame structure 5 at the outlet portion 12.
  • the frame structure 5 has the shape of a plate and extends orthogonally from the manifold structure 10.
  • the frame structure 5 comprises a first portion 7 and a second portion 14, wherein the frame structure 5 is connected to the manifold structure 10 at the first portion 7. It is noted that the second portion 14 extends longitudinally from the first portion 7.
  • the retrofit kit assembly 1 comprises a conversion and control unit 23 for converting a hydrocarbon combustion appliance to a hydrogen combustion appliance combusting more than 20 mol% hydrogen, configured to take control or override and/or insert in between a control unit 23 of the hydrocarbon gas boiler to be converted and at least one hydrogen combustion sensor.
  • the hydrogen combustion appliance can be a gas boiler.
  • the burner 6 is fixed to the frame structure 5 at the first portion 7.
  • the burner 6 can be fixed to the frame structure 5 through suitable connecting means, such as screws or can be integrally connected to the frame structure 5 by welding. It is clear that at the connection region between the burner 6 and the frame structure 5, the first portion 7 of the frame structure 5 comprises at least an opening (not shown in the figure) for allowing the gas mixture coming from the manifold structure 10 to flow into the burner 6 for the combustion.
  • the inlet portion 11 of the manifold structure 10 is provided with a first connection 4 for receiving at least a first fluid, i.e. fuel gas (vertical arrow in the figure), and with a second connection 17 for receiving at least a second fluid, i.e. air (horizontal arrow in the figure). It is noted that the first connection 4 is located downstream the second connection 17 with respect to the air flow. Also, the first connection 4 is integrally connected to the manifold structure 10 and protrudes (extends longitudinally) from the manifold structure 10.
  • the burner 6 is suitable for combustion of hydrogen.
  • the retrofit kit assembly 1 can be used to convert a gas boiler such as a natural gas boiler into a hydrogen boiler.
  • the retrofit kit assembly 1 can be coupled to a housing 3 of a combustion compliance 2.
  • the combustion compliance 2 can be a gas boiler, in particular a natural gas boiler
  • the housing 3 can be the housing of a heat exchanger of the gas boiler.
  • the frame structure 5 of the retrofit kit assembly 1 can be fixed to a burner chamber 18 delimited by the housing 3.
  • the burner chamber 18 is arranged within the housing and comprises an opening that is covered by the retrofit kit assembly 1, in particular by the frame structure 5.
  • the retrofit kit assembly 1 consists of different components, which are connected to each other and in some cases are integrated in one single block element (i.e. the manifold structure 10, the frame structure 5 and the first connection 4). In this case, it is easy to replace the elements of the gas boiler to be converted with the present retrofit kit assembly 1. Specifically, the burner (i.e. from a burner suitable only for natural gas combustion to a burner suitable for pure hydrogen) as well as the arrangement of the connections for the inlet of gas and air (for hydrogen boilers, it is preferred a post blower mixing) are changed in order to carry out the conversion. The operator can simply remove the components to be replaced, i.e. the burner and the manifold, and fix the retrofit kit assembly 1 to the combustion appliance 2 (gas boiler), thereby modifying the general operation of the appliance.
  • the burner i.e. from a burner suitable only for natural gas combustion to a burner suitable for pure hydrogen
  • the arrangement of the connections for the inlet of gas and air for hydrogen boilers, it is preferred a post blower
  • the combustion appliance 2 comprises a natural gas combustion control unit 22.
  • Said control unit 22 is configured to control a non-shown burner for combusting natural gas.
  • the retrofit kit assembly 1 comprises a conversion and control unit 23 that is attached to the manifold structure 10.
  • Said control unit 23 is configured to control the burner 6 for combusting hydrogen.
  • the natural gas combustion control unit 22 can remain in the combustion appliance 2 after the retrofitting.
  • the natural gas combustion control unit 22 can be connected with the conversion and control unit 23.
  • the hydrogen combustion component 21, in particular a hydrogen combustion sensor, is electronically connected with one of the control units 22, 23.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a perspective view of the retrofit kit assembly 1 according to an example.
  • the retrofit kit assembly 1 of figure 2 further comprises a gas valve 13 and a fan element 8.
  • the gas valve 13 is fixed to the first connection 4 and is connected to a gas conduit 15 whereas the fan element 8 is fixed to the second connection 17 and is fluidically connected to ambient air.
  • This particular arrangement of the first and second connections, i.e. of the gas valve 13 and the fan element 8 allows a post blower mixing of the fuel gas before entering into the burner 6 through the manifold structure 10.
  • a suppressor structure 20 can optionally be provided at the inlet portion 11, for example at the fan element 8.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate a front view and a rear view of the retrofit kit assembly of figure 2 .
  • the control unit 23 is attached to the frame structure 5, in particular to the second portion 14 of the frame structure 5.
  • the frame structure 5 is shaped like a plate or wall and can have a double function.
  • the frame structure 10 can be used as a support element for the burner 6, the manifold structure 10 (and the components connected to the manifold structure 10) and can be used, at the same time, as a front cover for the housing 3 of the combustion appliance 2.
  • the housing 3 is the housing of a heat exchanger of a gas boiler.
  • the frame structure 5 is shaped to fit the edges of the housing 3 and to completely cover the burner chamber 18.
  • the burner 6 is inserted in the burner chamber 18, thereby replacing a burner previously present in the combustion appliance, i.e. in the housing of the heat exchanger.
  • the manifold structure 10 and the components connected to the manifold structure 10 are located outside the housing 3, thereby allowing possible connections for example with the gas conduit 15 and ambient air.
  • the frame structure 5 is provided with a plurality of through holes 19 arranged along the peripheral border of the frame structure 5, as clearly shown in figures 3A and 3B .
  • the housing 3 is provided with the plurality of through holes 19.
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a hydrogen combustion component 21.
  • the hydrogen combustion component 1 can be a hydrogen combustion sensor, in particular a UV-sensor.
  • the UV sensor comprises a sensing element 27 and a poka yoke configured connector 24.
  • Fig. 4 also shows control units 22, 23.
  • the conversion and control unit 23 comprises a port 25 that is assigned to the poka yoke configured connector 24 of the hydrogen combustion sensor. That means, the connector 24 is assigned to said port 25 and only the hydrogen combustion sensor can be electrically connected to said port 25.
  • the poke yoke configured connector 24 and/or the port 25 is made such that it is different from a connector of a non-shown ignition electrode so that it is ensured that the ignition electrode cannot be connected with the conversion and control unit 23 via the port 25.
  • the conversion and control unit 23 comprises further ports 26. Said ports can be connected with other non-shown electrical components.
  • the conversion and control unit 23 comprises a poka yoke configured connector 30.
  • the connector 30 can be inserted into a port 28 of the natural gas control unit 22 in order to electrically connect the conversion and conversion and control unit 23 with the natural gas control unit 22.
  • the port can be designed so that it can only receive the poka yoke configured connector 30.
  • the natural gas control unit 22 comprises a port 28 that is assigned to the connector 30 of the conversion and control unit 23. Additionally, the natural gas control unit 22 comprises further ports by means of which the natural gas control unit 22 can be electrically connected with other non-shown electric components.
  • Figure 5 schematically illustrates the steps of a method 100 for retrofitting a combustion appliance 2.
  • the method 100 can be used to convert a combustion appliance such as a natural gas boiler into a hydrogen boiler.
  • the method 100 comprises the step of removing a front cover from the housing 3 of the combustion appliance 2 and removing the burner. For example, at the step S101 the front cover of a heat exchanger is removed.
  • the method 100 comprises installing a retrofit kit assembly 1 as described in figures 1 to 3B in the combustion appliance 2.
  • the step S102 occurs by fixing the frame structure 5 of the retrofit kit assembly 1 to the housing 3 of the combustion appliance 2, for example to the housing of the heat exchanger.
  • the method 100 comprises updating the setting parameters of the combustion appliance 2 for the combustion of pure hydrogen.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
EP22180363.8A 2022-06-22 2022-06-22 Nachrüstkitanordnung Pending EP4296574A1 (de)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22180363.8A EP4296574A1 (de) 2022-06-22 2022-06-22 Nachrüstkitanordnung
PCT/EP2023/066935 WO2023247692A1 (en) 2022-06-22 2023-06-22 Retrofit kit assembly
PCT/EP2023/066932 WO2023247689A1 (en) 2022-06-22 2023-06-22 Retrofit kit assembly
PCT/EP2023/066923 WO2023247683A1 (en) 2022-06-22 2023-06-22 Retrofit kit assembly
PCT/EP2023/066933 WO2023247690A1 (en) 2022-06-22 2023-06-22 Retrofit kit assembly
PCT/EP2023/066925 WO2023247685A1 (en) 2022-06-22 2023-06-22 Retrofit kit assembly
PCT/EP2023/066926 WO2023247686A1 (en) 2022-06-22 2023-06-22 Retrofit kit assembly
PCT/EP2023/066922 WO2023247682A1 (en) 2022-06-22 2023-06-22 Hydrogen-retrofit kit assembly for a gas combustion appliance
PCT/EP2023/066921 WO2023247681A1 (en) 2022-06-22 2023-06-22 Hydrogen retrofit kit assembly for a gas burner
PCT/EP2023/066920 WO2023247680A1 (en) 2022-06-22 2023-06-22 Hydrogen retrofit kit assembly for a gas burner
PCT/EP2023/066929 WO2023247687A1 (en) 2022-06-22 2023-06-22 Hydrogen retrofit kit assembly for a gas burner
PCT/EP2023/066918 WO2023247679A1 (en) 2022-06-22 2023-06-22 Hydrogen retrofit kit assembly for a gas burner
PCT/EP2023/066934 WO2023247691A1 (en) 2022-06-22 2023-06-22 Retrofit kit assembly
PCT/EP2023/066924 WO2023247684A1 (en) 2022-06-22 2023-06-22 Retrofit kit assembly

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22180363.8A EP4296574A1 (de) 2022-06-22 2022-06-22 Nachrüstkitanordnung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4296574A1 true EP4296574A1 (de) 2023-12-27

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EP22180363.8A Pending EP4296574A1 (de) 2022-06-22 2022-06-22 Nachrüstkitanordnung

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4296574A1 (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20070097930A (ko) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-05 어코드 주식회사 수소버너 및 그 화염감지방법
EP3524884A1 (de) 2014-07-10 2019-08-14 Riello S.p.A. Nachrüstbare anordnung für heizgaskessel und verfahren zum modifizieren eines heizgaskessels
WO2020081921A1 (en) * 2018-10-18 2020-04-23 Channel Products, Inc. Gas appliance ignition module
US20220003406A1 (en) * 2020-07-02 2022-01-06 Roberto Ruiz System and process for hydrogen combustion

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20070097930A (ko) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-05 어코드 주식회사 수소버너 및 그 화염감지방법
EP3524884A1 (de) 2014-07-10 2019-08-14 Riello S.p.A. Nachrüstbare anordnung für heizgaskessel und verfahren zum modifizieren eines heizgaskessels
WO2020081921A1 (en) * 2018-10-18 2020-04-23 Channel Products, Inc. Gas appliance ignition module
US20220003406A1 (en) * 2020-07-02 2022-01-06 Roberto Ruiz System and process for hydrogen combustion

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
N/A: "Remeha Selecta System", 16 September 2003 (2003-09-16), pages 1 - 6, XP093001004, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://hinchliffeheating.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/Remeha-Selecta-Parts.pdf> [retrieved on 20221122] *
REMEHA GMBH: "Quinta 10-115", 21 April 2008 (2008-04-21), remeha.de, pages 1 - 2, XP093000993, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://pro.remeha.de/downloads/download/1315675/Prospekt_Quinta_10-115_0508.pdf> [retrieved on 20221122] *

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