EP4296567A1 - Verbrennungseinheit mit zyklonbrennkammer - Google Patents

Verbrennungseinheit mit zyklonbrennkammer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4296567A1
EP4296567A1 EP22382592.8A EP22382592A EP4296567A1 EP 4296567 A1 EP4296567 A1 EP 4296567A1 EP 22382592 A EP22382592 A EP 22382592A EP 4296567 A1 EP4296567 A1 EP 4296567A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
combustion
combustion unit
shell
internal shell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22382592.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alejandro Gustavo PLANCHON SCHENCK
Javier Enrique TORRES MAINO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Julio Berkes SA
Original Assignee
Julio Berkes SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Julio Berkes SA filed Critical Julio Berkes SA
Priority to EP22382592.8A priority Critical patent/EP4296567A1/de
Publication of EP4296567A1 publication Critical patent/EP4296567A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/06—Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/30—Cyclonic combustion furnace

Definitions

  • Cyclonic combustion chambers have been shown to be especially useful for biomass combustion, the volatility of which does not prevent burning with an excellent mix between the oxygen in the oxidising gas, usually air, and the combustible material, even allowing the air required to be minimised.
  • biomass fuels have the disadvantage of containing a high proportion of ashes that have a low melting point and a high adherence ability that are deposited on the internal surfaces of the furnace, agglomerating and being detrimental to the combustion process.
  • Combustion chambers of this type have a discharge opening for the ashes that opens into an ashtray or an ash conveyor and towards which the ashes are intended to be led while combustion is taking place.
  • effectively moving the ashes to this point is still a problem without a satisfactory solution.
  • Cyclonic combustion chambers such as the one described in EP0170125 have integrated mechanical elements that scrape the internal surface thereof.
  • the integration of these elements in the demanding thermal conditions of the combustion chamber increase the cost of manufacturing and maintaining the unit.
  • blowers such as the one described in document US20090120336 , which use pressurised gas blowers to sweep the inside of the furnace and move the ashes towards the discharge opening that opens into an ash drawer.
  • this blowing is not effective for ashes of a particularly adherent nature.
  • a further objective of the present invention is a combustion unit with a cyclonic combustion chamber that solves the problems of evacuating these ashes that have a low melting point and are adherent, affecting the internal combustion medium and the operability of the chamber as little as possible.
  • a combustion unit comprising a cyclonic combustion chamber, the chamber having, in a known manner, a cylindrical internal shell about an essentially horizontal longitudinal axis, which defines a furnace, in the internal shell of which a front end is differentiated with a feed inlet for the combustible material, and a rear end with a gravity discharge outlet for the ashes generated during combustion and a combustion gas outlet.
  • this unit is characterised in that it is provided with a vibration mechanism of the chamber that cyclically impresses to the ashes accumulated on the bottom of the internal shell an upward thrust with an horizontal component in the direction of the rear end of the internal shell in which the discharge outlet for the ashes is located.
  • the vibration of the chamber produces a repetitive movement on the internal shell that makes it difficult for ash particles with a low melting point to adhere thereto.
  • the same vibration of the chamber that prevents the adhesion of the ashes produces a conveyor effect of the ashes, in this case similar to that produced by a vibrating conveyor belt.
  • the combustion unit described does not have internal elements that interfere with the normal combustion expected from a cyclonic combustion chamber, being able to remove the ashes without stopping the operation of the cyclonic combustion chamber nor reducing the efficiency thereof.
  • the term "essentially horizontal" used in the definition of the invention is used to explain that the internal shell is in a stretched or folded position, to distinguish it from vertical combustion chambers.
  • the cylindrical internal shell can be a shell about a horizontal longitudinal axis or with a slight inclination with respect to the horizontal. In preferred variants of the invention, this inclination is less than 10°, preferably less than 7° and more preferably it is approximately 6°.
  • the chamber is supported on a frame comprising a bed-frame, to which the chamber is fastened, duly contemplating the existing thermal expansions, said bed-frame being movably linked to a fixed chassis, intended to rest steady on the floor of an installation.
  • the bed-frame rests on a plurality of straps with first and second opposite ends connected to the bed-frame and to the chassis, respectively, these straps acting by way of a spring, the straps deforming depending on the amplitude of the vibration transmitted to the chamber.
  • the bed-frame has two upper stringers between which a series of upper crossbars extend; the chassis has two lower stringers between which a series of lower crossbars extend; and the straps are evenly distributed under the chamber, each strap extending between a lower crossbar and an upper crossbar, which are slightly offset from each other, so that the straps are slightly inclined forward.
  • the vibration mechanism transmits a vibration of a sinusoidal nature to the bed-frame, and therefore to the chamber.
  • the amplitude of the vibratory movement is comprised between 3 mm and 10 mm.
  • the vibration mechanism comprises a set of connecting rod and crank, the crank being a driving crank rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation that is fixed with respect to the chassis and the distal end of the connecting rod being connected in an articulated manner to the bed-frame.
  • the distal end of the connecting rod can be connected to the bed-frame at a midpoint or at a point moved towards the front end thereof.
  • the distal end of the connecting rod is connected to the bed-frame at a point below the chamber and ahead of the midpoint of the internal shell thereof.
  • the internal face of the internal shell is smooth, without projections or recesses being exhibited.
  • the chamber has an intermediate shell and an external shell, coaxial with the internal shell.
  • the internal shell defines with the intermediate shell an annular pressure chamber intended to contain a pressurised working fluid, such as water, this annular pressure chamber having hydraulic connections with the external inlet, called downpipes, and with the external outlet, called riser pipes, that enable the circulation of the working fluid.
  • a pressurised working fluid such as water
  • the intermediate shell defines with the external shell an annular impulsion chamber with a pneumatic connection with the external inlet of an oxidising gas, said annular impulsion chamber being connected with the furnace by means of a series of nozzles.
  • This variant of the invention is of interest when the pressures of the working fluid are below an approximate threshold value of 15 bars.
  • the internal shell comprises, more conventionally, membraned pipes through which the pressurised working fluid, usually water, circulates.
  • These tubes are connected to each other by means of lower manifolds, similar hydraulic connections being provided with the external inlet, called downpipes, and hydraulic connections with the external outlet, called riser pipes.
  • the chamber has an external shell, which defines with the membraned tubes an annular impulsion chamber with a pneumatic connection with the external inlet of an oxidising gas, the aforementioned impulsion chamber being connected with the furnace by means of a series of nozzles.
  • the nozzles are distributed along the length of the furnace and flow into the furnace concentrated in the lower quadrants of the circular section of the internal shell, in a direction essentially tangential to the internal face of said internal shell.
  • the hydraulic connections with the external inlet and outlet of the working fluid are several, and may be pairs, and are distributed along the length of the chamber, and may be diametrically opposed, the inlet connections being located in the lowest area of the annular pressure chamber and the outlet connections being located in the upper area of said annular pressure chamber.
  • the feed inlet for the combustible material is located at a level above the longitudinal axis, with an inclination with respect to the radial direction. More preferably, following a direction close to a direction tangential to the internal shell.
  • the longitudinal axis of the internal shell is inclined with respect to the horizontal such that the internal shell descends towards the rear end thereof.
  • a method for removing combustion ashes from inside a cyclonic combustion chamber comprising subjecting a cyclonic combustion chamber to a vibratory movement while the combustion is taking place, movement which in each cycle thrusts the ashes accumulated on the bottom of the furnace of the chamber upwards and with a horizontal component towards one end of the chamber where a gravity discharge outlet for ashes is located.
  • the bed-frame 31 rests, in floating mode, on a plurality of straps 33 with opposite first and second ends 33a, 33b connected to the bed-frame 31 and to the chassis 32, respectively.
  • the advantages of this mechanical link will be explained later, with the help of Fig. 5 .
  • the chamber 10 is configured such that it has a cylindrical internal shell 11 about a respective longitudinal axis 16, which defines a furnace 20, wherein a front end 12, a central portion 17, and a rear end 13 can be differentiated.
  • an axial outlet 201 for combustion gas able to be connected to, for example, the body of a boiler; and in the vicinity of said base, at the bottom of the shell 11, there is a gravity discharge outlet 15 for the ashes.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show that the chamber 10 is configured such that the furnace 20 is surrounded by two concentric annular chambers. Specifically, the chamber 10 has an intermediate shell 18 and an external shell 19, coaxial with the internal shell 11.
  • the internal shell 11 defines with the intermediate shell 18 an annular pressure chamber 21, which during operation of the unit contains the pressurised working fluid (normally water) to which the energy released during the combustion process is to be transmitted, for generating steam. As occurs in boilers or in a typical cyclonic chamber, this fluid to be evaporated keeps the internal shell 11 cool.
  • Said annular pressure chamber 21 has hydraulic connections with the external inlet 211, for example, in communication with the pressure body of a boiler, called downpipes 211; and with the external outlet 212, through which a mixture of water with the generated steam circulates, called riser pipes.
  • the intermediate shell 18 defines with the external shell 19 an annular impulsion chamber 22 with a pneumatic connection with the external inlet 221 of an oxidising gas, such as air, said annular impulsion chamber 22 being connected with the furnace 20 by means of a series of nozzles 222 in this case following a tangential direction to the internal shell 11.
  • an oxidising gas such as air
  • the nozzles 222 are distributed along the length of the furnace 20 and flow into the furnace 20, passing through the annular pressure chamber 21, in a suitable way to keep the combustible particles in aerodynamic lift within the combustion area, generating a rotation therein, favouring the mixture of the combustible material with the oxidising gas.
  • the nozzles 222 that flow into one same circular section of the internal shell 11 are concentrated in the lower half thereof, i.e., in the lower quadrants thereof, pointing in a direction essentially tangential to the internal face 11a of said internal shell 11.
  • downpipes 211 and riser pipes 212 through which the working fluid 213 circulates are provided and are distributed in pairs along the length of the chamber 10 and are located diametrically opposed, the downpipes 211 being arranged in the lowest area of the annular pressure chamber 21 and the riser pipe connections 212 in the upper area of said annular pressure chamber 21.
  • the vibration mechanism 6 transmits a vibratory movement to the chamber 10 via the bed-frame 31.
  • the operating principle consists of impressing a sinusoidal thrust force on the ashes to be moved, generating an upward impulse but also with a horizontal component and towards the discharge outlet 15 for the ashes.
  • the vibratory movement is generated from the rotation of an eccentric shaft.
  • the vibration mechanism 6 used to achieve this purpose comprises a set of connecting rod 61 and crank 62, the crank 62 being a driving crank rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation 64 that is fixed with respect to the chassis 32 and the distal end 62b of the connecting rod 61 being connected in an articulated manner to the bed-frame 31.
  • the rotation to the crank 62 is transmitted from an outlet shaft of a motor 63 by means of a belt-type transmission 65.
  • the effective dimension of the crank 62 i.e., the location of the connection of the proximal end of the connecting rod 61 with respect to the axis of rotation 64 of the crank 62, and the inclination of the connecting rod 61 may be selected to impress a thrust on the ashes with an optimum modulus and direction. This thrust will be conditioned by other factors, an important one being the inclination that the longitudinal axis 16 of the internal shell 11 has with respect to the horizontal.
  • a cyclic movement is transmitted to the chamber 10 that describes an elliptical path, which results in sinusoidal oscillations, the amplitude of these oscillations being determined from the eccentricity of the articulation between the connecting rod and the crank with respect to the axis of rotation 64, while the frequency is regulated by the speed of rotation of the motor 63, which operates coupled to a frequency variator.
  • Amplitude values comprised between 3 mm and 10 mm have turned out to be optimal.
  • Fig. 5 shows a support frame 30 for a cyclonic chamber 10 that can be used to implement a unit 1 according to the invention.
  • the bed-frame 31 has two upper stringers 311 between which a series of upper crossbars 312 extend and the chassis 32 has two analogue lower stringers 321 between which a series of lower crossbars 322 extend.
  • the bed-frame 31 is linked to the chassis by means of straps 33, in the form of metal plates, which are regularly distributed, each strap 33 extending between a lower crossbar 322 and an upper crossbar 312, which are slightly offset from each other, so that the straps 33 are slightly inclined forward, i.e., with the second end 33b thereof connected to a lower crossbar 322 moved towards what will be the rear end of the internal shell 11 (not shown in Fig. 5 ).
  • two straps 33 are used to join one same pair of upper 312 and lower 322 crossbars.
  • the unit 1 will be completed with means for collecting the ashes evacuated through the discharge outlet 15, not shown in Figs. 1 to 3 , collection means that can be cumulative or for conveying to a separate container. It is envisaged, for example, to arrange an ash drawer placed below the chamber 10 in the space defined between the bed-frame 31 and the chassis 32, into which the discharge outlet 15 for the ashes opens.
  • the unit 1 according to the invention can be implemented in other ways.
  • Fig. 4 shows an alternative for a unit 1 that is very similar to that represented in Figs. 1 to 3 .
  • the same numerical references are used in Fig. 4 to designate the same, or equivalent, elements or technical features that have been used for the description of the unit according to Figs. 1 to 3 .
  • the unit in Fig. 4 corresponds to a model built by way of a "pilot", with a diameter of the furnace 20 of 920 mm, a diameter of the annular pressure chamber 21 of approximately 1120 mm, the assembly having a total length of around 2132 mm.
  • the unit was used with satisfactory results during the tests carried out, using meat meal as combustible material and ambient air as oxidising gas, for generating saturated steam at a maximum pressure of 10 bar, working with an amplitude of oscillations of 5.0 mm. and an operating frequency of 10.0 Hz.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
EP22382592.8A 2022-06-22 2022-06-22 Verbrennungseinheit mit zyklonbrennkammer Pending EP4296567A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22382592.8A EP4296567A1 (de) 2022-06-22 2022-06-22 Verbrennungseinheit mit zyklonbrennkammer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22382592.8A EP4296567A1 (de) 2022-06-22 2022-06-22 Verbrennungseinheit mit zyklonbrennkammer

Publications (1)

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EP4296567A1 true EP4296567A1 (de) 2023-12-27

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EP22382592.8A Pending EP4296567A1 (de) 2022-06-22 2022-06-22 Verbrennungseinheit mit zyklonbrennkammer

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2395103A (en) * 1943-11-18 1946-02-19 Claus Heriberto Enrique G Juan Turbulent burner for fuels in general
EP0170125A2 (de) 1984-07-26 1986-02-05 Rippelton N.V. Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung fester Brennstoffe
US20090120336A1 (en) 2007-11-08 2009-05-14 General Electric Company Impulse combustion cleaning system and method
EP2413033A2 (de) 2010-07-29 2012-02-01 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Verfahren zur Vergasung und Vergaser
EP2944875A1 (de) 2014-05-14 2015-11-18 Julio Berkes S.A. Torsionale Brennkammer
CN107763637A (zh) * 2017-12-07 2018-03-06 成都元始信息科技有限公司 一种灰烬分级型固体废物处理设备

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2395103A (en) * 1943-11-18 1946-02-19 Claus Heriberto Enrique G Juan Turbulent burner for fuels in general
EP0170125A2 (de) 1984-07-26 1986-02-05 Rippelton N.V. Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung fester Brennstoffe
US20090120336A1 (en) 2007-11-08 2009-05-14 General Electric Company Impulse combustion cleaning system and method
EP2413033A2 (de) 2010-07-29 2012-02-01 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Verfahren zur Vergasung und Vergaser
EP2944875A1 (de) 2014-05-14 2015-11-18 Julio Berkes S.A. Torsionale Brennkammer
CN107763637A (zh) * 2017-12-07 2018-03-06 成都元始信息科技有限公司 一种灰烬分级型固体废物处理设备

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