EP4293301A1 - Stockage thermique pour refroidissement de courte durée à charge élevée - Google Patents

Stockage thermique pour refroidissement de courte durée à charge élevée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4293301A1
EP4293301A1 EP23178610.4A EP23178610A EP4293301A1 EP 4293301 A1 EP4293301 A1 EP 4293301A1 EP 23178610 A EP23178610 A EP 23178610A EP 4293301 A1 EP4293301 A1 EP 4293301A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thermal management
thermal
evaporator
management fluid
directed energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23178610.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mark G. VIGNALI
Tony Ho
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Original Assignee
Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamilton Sundstrand Corp filed Critical Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
Publication of EP4293301A1 publication Critical patent/EP4293301A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H13/00—Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
    • F41H13/0043—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target
    • F41H13/005—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target the high-energy beam being a laser beam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/31—Expansion valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/16—Receivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves

Definitions

  • DEWs laser based direct energy weapons
  • DEWs may require substantial cooling at the lowest possible weight for sustained operation.
  • DEWs typically operate at low efficiency and thus, generate a large amount of heat during operation, such as when the weapon is firing.
  • DEW operation typically consists of relatively brief operating intervals, wherein relatively large "bursts" of cooling are required, interspersed with relatively long intervals in which the weapon is quiescent, and therefore, requires little or no cooling.
  • This large thermal transient may drive the size of the thermal management system used to control the thermal loading of the DEW.
  • Such requirements may result in a thermal management system that is significantly oversized, inefficient and heavy for normal operating (non-lasing) modes. Therefore, a fast and efficient thermal management system is desired to address the thermal load of a DEW and to protect onboard components from thermal transients.
  • the expansion valve is in a first position when the directed energy weapon is in a charging mode and the expansion valve is in a second position when the directed energy weapon is in a firing mode.
  • the closed loop vapor compression system further comprises at least one thermal storage device.
  • the thermal management fluid received within the first thermal storage device is a liquid and the thermal management fluid received within the second thermal storage device is a vapor.
  • the thermal management fluid is refrigerant.
  • the thermal management fluid is carbon dioxide.
  • a method of operating a thermal management system for a directed energy weapon includes circulating a thermal management fluid through a closed loop vapor compression system including an expansion valve and an evaporator.
  • the evaporator is in thermal communication with the directed energy weapon.
  • the method additionally includes adjusting a position of the expansion valve to control a flow of the thermal management fluid provided to the evaporator in response to a mode of operation of the directed energy weapon.
  • adjusting the position of the expansion valve further comprises moving the expansion valve to a first position when the directed energy weapon is in a charging mode.
  • thermal management fluid within a second thermal storage device when the directed energy weapon is in the firing mode.
  • the thermal management fluid within the second thermal storage device is a vapor.
  • the thermal management fluid is carbon dioxide.
  • the Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system for cooling a directed energy weapon according to an embodiment.
  • the thermal management system 20 is operable to manage the heat generated by a directed energy weapon (DEW) 30, such as a laser for example.
  • DEW directed energy weapon
  • the thermal management system 20 and DEW 30 are integrated into a vehicle, such as a land vehicle or an aircraft for example.
  • the thermal management system 20 has a closed loop configuration through which a thermal management fluid R is configured to circulate.
  • the thermal management system 20 is a vapor compression system.
  • the thermal management system 20 includes a compressor 22, a condenser or heat rejection heat exchanger 24, an expansion device 26, and an evaporator or heat absorption heat exchanger 28 arranged to form a closed fluid loop.
  • a thermal management fluid R such as a refrigerant or carbon dioxide, for example, is configured to flow from the compressor 22 to the condenser 24, expansion device 26, and evaporator 28 in series.
  • a motor (not shown) is operably coupled to the compressor 22 to produce work that the compressor 22 uses to compress the thermal management fluid R.
  • a motor (not shown) is operably coupled to the compressor 22 to produce work that the compressor 22 uses to compress the thermal management fluid R.
  • the compressor 22 is driven alternatively or additionally by another mechanism, such as by a turbine for example, are also within the scope of the disclosure.
  • the evaporator 28 is in thermal contact or communication with a directed energy weapon (DEW) 30, such as a laser for example.
  • DEW directed energy weapon
  • the evaporator 28 is a heat exchanger configured to cool or remove heat from the DEW 30.
  • the evaporator 28 may be configured as any suitable type of heat exchanger, including, but not limited to, a phase change evaporator with a high heat flux load, such as a plate fin cold plate, or jet impingement cold plate for example. Accordingly, not only does the evaporator 28 receive heat from the DEW 30, but also the evaporator 28 has an inlet 32 fluidly connected to an outlet 34 of the expansion device 26 by conduit 36, and an outlet 38 fluidly connected to an inlet 40 of the compressor 22 by conduit 42.
  • the condenser 24 of the thermal management system 20 similarly has an inlet 44 connected to an outlet 46 of the compressor 22 by a conduit 48, and an outlet 50 connected to an inlet 52 of the expansion device 26 by a conduit 54.
  • the condenser 24 can be any type of heat exchanger that achieves the desired result of heat transfer with respect to the thermal management fluid R.
  • the condenser 24 can be crossflow heat exchanger.
  • the condenser 24 is a liquid-air heat exchanger.
  • a second medium A such as ambient air or air from another source onboard the vehicle, may be arranged in a heat exchange relationship with the thermal management fluid R at the condenser 24.
  • a fan 56 is operable to push or pull a flow of the second medium A across the condenser 22.
  • a fan 56 is operable to push or pull a flow of the second medium A across the condenser 22.
  • another mechanism or alternatively, the pressure of the medium itself, is operable to move the second medium A through the condenser 24 are also within the scope of the disclosure.
  • a hot vaporized thermal management fluid R is delivered from the outlet 46 of the compressor 22 to the inlet 44 of the condenser 24 through conduit 48.
  • the thermal management fluid R is arranged in a heat exchange relationship with a cool second medium A.
  • heat is transferred from the hot vapor thermal management fluid R to the cool second medium A, thereby causing the hot vapor thermal management fluid R to cool and at least partially change phase to a liquid.
  • the hot liquid thermal management fluid R at the outlet 50 of the condenser 24 is then provided to inlet 52 of the expansion device 26 through conduit 54.
  • the thermal management fluid R provided at the outlet 34 of the expansion device 26 is a liquid and vapor mixture.
  • the thermal management fluid R at the outlet 34 of the expansion device 26 is a liquid, as will be described in more detail below, or is a vapor, are also contemplated herein.
  • the thermal management fluid R is provided to the inlet 32 of the evaporator 28.
  • the two-phase thermal management fluid R is arranged in a heat exchange relationship with the DEW 30. Accordingly, heat from the DEW 30 is transferred to the thermal management fluid R within the evaporator 28 such that the substantial entirety of the thermal management fluid R at the outlet 38 of the evaporator 28 is a vapor.
  • the vaporized thermal management fluid R is delivered from the outlet 38 of the evaporator 28 to the inlet 40 of the compressor 22 through conduit 42. Within the compressor 22, the thermal management fluid R is further heated and pressurized before being delivered to the condenser 24 to repeat the cycle.
  • the thermal management fluid R is a refrigerant.
  • other suitable fluids may also be used.
  • the thermal management fluid R is carbon dioxide. By using carbon dioxide, the thermal management system 20 is abled to operate at a much higher pressure, thereby reducing the total amount of vapor volume required by the system.
  • At least one thermal storage device is disposed along the closed fluid loop.
  • a first thermal storage device 60 such as a liquid reservoir for example, may be arranged between the outlet 50 of the condenser 24 and the inlet 52 of the expansion device 26.
  • a pump 62 may, but need not be arranged between the condenser 24 and the first reservoir 60, such as directly upstream from the inlet 64 of the first reservoir 60 for example.
  • a second thermal storage device 66 such as a vapor reservoir for example, may be arranged between the outlet 38 of the evaporator 28 and the inlet 40 of the compressor 22.
  • the position of the expansion valve 26 may be selected to allow only the flow of thermal management fluid R necessary to adequately cool the DEW 30 therethrough.
  • the valve 26 when in DEW 30 is in the charging or recharging mode, no cooling of the DEW 30 is required, and therefore the valve 26 may be fully closed such that no flow is provided to the evaporator 28.
  • the valve 26 is adjusted to a second position.
  • the second flow rate at the valve 26 associated with the second position thereof is significantly increased relative to the first flow rate associated with the valve 26 in the first position.
  • the first position of the valve 26 may be considered partially or fully closed and the second position of the valve 26 may be considered fully open.
  • thermal management fluid R By opening or further opening the valve 26 when the DEW 30 is firing, a greater amount of thermal management fluid R is provided to the evaporator 28, thereby increasing the cooling of the DEW 30 that is performed via the evaporator 28.
  • pressure may not be removed from the thermal management fluid R at the expansion device 26. In such embodiments, the thermal management fluid R may remain a liquid at the outlet 34 of the expansion device 26.
  • the excess liquid thermal management fluid R accumulated within the first reservoir 60 is combined with the circulating flow of thermal management fluid R, such as via pump 62 for example, to accommodate the increased flow rate at the valve 26.
  • all or the majority of the thermal management material R provided to the evaporator 28 is substantially liquid to increase the amount of heat that can be absorbed from the DEW 30 within the evaporator 28.
  • the thermal management fluid R provided at the outlet 38 of the evaporator 28 is a vapor. From the evaporator 28, the thermal management fluid R is generally provided to the compressor 22.
  • the excess vapor thermal management fluid R will accumulate within the second reservoir 60. Once the thermal management system 20 transforms back to the first mode of operation, the accumulated thermal management fluid R will be drawn from the second reservoir 60.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
EP23178610.4A 2022-06-13 2023-06-12 Stockage thermique pour refroidissement de courte durée à charge élevée Pending EP4293301A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/838,670 US20230400283A1 (en) 2022-06-13 2022-06-13 Thermal storage for high load short duration cooling

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4293301A1 true EP4293301A1 (fr) 2023-12-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23178610.4A Pending EP4293301A1 (fr) 2022-06-13 2023-06-12 Stockage thermique pour refroidissement de courte durée à charge élevée

Country Status (2)

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US (1) US20230400283A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4293301A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110513922A (zh) * 2019-08-30 2019-11-29 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 空调及其控制方法、计算机可读存储介质
EP3608606A1 (fr) * 2017-04-04 2020-02-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Dispositif à cycle frigorifique
US20210318076A1 (en) * 2020-04-13 2021-10-14 Rocky Research Cooling system with thermal storage

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107152890B (zh) * 2017-04-18 2019-01-11 南京航空航天大学 一种模块化复合型高能武器散热系统及其控制方法
CN212253207U (zh) * 2020-05-25 2020-12-29 合肥天鹅制冷科技有限公司 一种双机制超低温制冷车载制冷系统

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3608606A1 (fr) * 2017-04-04 2020-02-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Dispositif à cycle frigorifique
CN110513922A (zh) * 2019-08-30 2019-11-29 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 空调及其控制方法、计算机可读存储介质
US20210318076A1 (en) * 2020-04-13 2021-10-14 Rocky Research Cooling system with thermal storage

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US20230400283A1 (en) 2023-12-14

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