EP4293292A1 - Nomadic hydrosolar building, water and electricity generator - Google Patents

Abstract

So-called hydrosolar^∗ nomadic building made up of a vacuum cocoon shell, light and insulating, characterized by its infrareservoir^∗ of hot and cold water storing solar heat and nighttime cold generated by the thermal sensor facades of its superstructure. Used jointly at any time, these said waters ballast said light waterproof shell, allow water autonomy by capturing the humidity of the indoor air and the fresh air, produce a quantity of energy greater than domestic consumption. ^∗infrareservoir: Reservoir infrastructure.^∗hydrosolar: Capture and hydraulic accumulation of solar energy.

Description

In order to combat climate change, the proposed invention consists of the production of nomadic buildings, storing solar energy captured by exterior facades exposed to the sun, self-sufficient in water and producing sustainable energy that can be used at any time of the day. night and day. These buildings make it possible to create productive activity in desert regions and where the combination of heat and humidity will make life impossible. It will be possible to use and sell carbon-free energy produced by these buildings which will be much higher than domestic needs in sunny regions during the day and at cold nights. The technology of these buildings, whose thermal insulation is absolute, makes it possible to capture the uncomfortable humidity of their interior air and thus create a temperate confined microclimate in an environment with scorching temperatures. The reversible establishment of these nomadic buildings will only temporarily urbanize the occupied regions. These buildings will be bioclimatic bubbles which will contain externalizable biotopes allowing the gradual revegetation of equatorial deserts. All activities can be created, urban, industrial, market gardening, agroforestry, humanitarian. The technology used of the lightweight cocoon vacuum shell, a hydraulic accumulator of solar heat and night cold that can be used at any time, will allow this.

We know the problem of urban areas with high concentrations and whose day and night temperatures in summer are higher than those of vegetated rural areas. This urban phenomenon is worsening with the proliferation of air conditioning and the rejection outside of buildings' internal heat. The impact on urban temperatures would be less if this excess heat was absorbed by buildings and transformed into stored or exported energy. With the exploitation of so-called green waters which are stored in groundwater or fossil water tables, the quantity of water vapor which coats the terrestrial globe and which contributes to the greenhouse effect, in the same way as CO ₂ and methane , is too high and turns a temperate climate into a tropical one. The use of coal, oil, gas and nuclear fossil fuels for two centuries has significantly contributed to global warming, because their production, extraction and distribution also require a lot of energy in addition to their release of greenhouse gases. The storage of electricity by electrochemical accumulators requires the exploitation of environmentally destructive rare earths. Business and residential buildings built permanently at a time when their environment was healthy and pleasant, condemned to be destroyed following deterioration environmental impact leads to their demolition which produces too much bulky waste and a waste of resources. The construction manufacturing industry accounts for 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. It is shown that the production and use of concrete generates between 5 and 6% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Reserves of angular-grained sand are becoming scarce and pearly desert sand is not usable for concrete. Homes that were built in flood zones or seismic zones and are not resistant to water ingress or earthquakes result in catastrophic insurance compensation. Certain materials exposed to air, solar radiation, frost and humidity deteriorate in the long term. We also note the ruin of certain reinforced concrete structures whose reinforcements oxidize when the concrete is porous. Countries with temperate climates are failing to solve the problem of the artificialization of agricultural land.

The present invention proposes to remedy these problems and refers to the technical field of manufacturing structures with integrated thermal and sound insulation of the so-called cocoon shell type. All external surfaces of these shells will capture solar heat and nighttime cold. These energies will be stored in water reservoirs. Various means will be integrated into these hulls to achieve water autonomy and energy production greater than that consumed.

Requirement WO2021180373 as well as the publication EP3585952 and another recent unpublished application describe buildings whose structure is a vacuum cocoon shell composed of the assembly of vacuum insulating load-bearing panels, the shell obtained is only a single PIV or VIP vacuum insulating panel ( Vacuum Insulation Panel).

As a reminder, we know that the best thermal insulation there is is a vacuum of all gas. In order to stiffen, make more solid, save materials and soundproof the structure of the panels and the shell, the invention uses a physical effect: the so-called Magdeburg effect.

When a volume is under vacuum of any gas, the force exerted on the walls of this volume is equal to the average atmospheric pressure, i.e. 1013 hPa or mbar at sea level. This force will be used in the entire shell obtained by assembling the vacuum insulating load-bearing solar panels of the present invention. Due to this vacuum, atmospheric pressure will be exerted on all of the waterproof envelopes covering the panels and the hull. This force will allow the panels to be held together.

A previous request EP3666987 offers a vacuum hull whose watertight envelopes are essentially made up of rigid metal plates, stamped and braced by insulating columns.

The previous request WO2021180373 proposes a vacuum insulating supporting panel of flattened shape consisting of a rigid cellular structure enveloped by a flexible gas-tight membrane supported by woven and lattice frames stacked in superimposed layers whose meshes become finer and finer as they approach of said outer membrane of said panel. The enveloping skin of a panel is supported internally by two wooden lattices. These two trellises are braced at regular intervals by columns alternately inclined in opposite directions. The volume formed by the assembly of the panels, therefore the volume of the hull, is evacuated of all gas. This vacuuming stiffens and makes said shell thermally insulating.

Summary of another recent application not published to date, the proposed technology of which will be used in this application:
In order to keep a constant volume inside the flexible waterproof envelope of a panel or a shell while creating a minimum of thermal bridges, two meshes are placed in this envelope spaced apart from each other. by stretched bands or strapping of small width and thickness, thus limiting the transmission of thermal conduction flows. The strapping replaces the columns alternately inclined in the opposite direction to the previous request. The strapping supports the lattices made up of crossed wooden ribs whose internal edges are crenellated. The central layer made up of the tensioned strapping separating the lattices is specifically the insulating layer of the sandwich structures constituting the panels and the shell. The interior volumes of the panels and the shell are subjected to a high gas vacuum.

These reminders of previous applications and publications are useful for understanding the various technologies used in this application. However, the concept of a building composed of a vacuum volume stiffened by atmospheric pressure and which allows great insulation between the exterior envelope and the interior envelope is fundamental for the application of the present invention.

To summarize the proposed technology, previous applications developed the technology of vacuum insulating carrier panels whose assembly forms a shell, the present application develops the concept of vacuum insulating carrier solar panels constituting a shell.

The vacuum shell becomes an immense solar panel which stores the captured thermal energies and transforms them into electricity.

Examples of patents proposing the management of thermal comfort in homes using hot and cold water reserves buried in the ground or placed next to buildings: - CN1 10725568 - CN108731300- - GB2524551 - WO2008113121 - US20070039715 .

Summary of the invention

Nomadic hydrosolar building ^∗ made up of a vacuum cocoon shell, light and insulating, characterized by its hot and cold water infra-tank storing solar heat and nighttime cold generated by the thermal sensor facades of its superstructure.

Used jointly at any time, these said waters ballast said light waterproof shell, allow water autonomy by capturing the humidity of the indoor air and the fresh air, produce a quantity of energy greater than domestic consumption.
^∗ hydrosolar: Hydraulic capture and accumulation of solar energy.

Description of the invention

The basis of the invention is the synchronous use of hot and cold at all times through the storage of hot and cold energy.

The invention uses the physical effect of the condensation of water vapor on a cold wall. The cooling of the micro droplets in contact with the cold wall and the existing surface tension bring these micro droplets together into drops which merge together. Warm ambient air contains more moisture than cold ambient air, so it can contain more water vapor. Evapotranspiration is emitted by leafy plants into the ambient air. Human sweat vaporizes into the surrounding air. The domestic activity of a home produces water vapor. Water vapor is released from animal saliva. Watering the cultivated land turns into water vapor. If this water vapor contained in the ambient air is captured and stored in a water reserve, the building can be disconnected from any water source. If a quantity of water vapor contained in the fresh air, however small, is captured by cold walls, it will compensate for the losses of water vapor rejected for the renewal of the air. It is therefore necessary to have as many cold walls as possible while consuming as little energy as possible for this operation. The cold walls will also be used to air condition the building. Solar energy will be used for the energy autonomy of the so-called hydro-solar building.

If the indoor air is stagnant, the quantity of water vapor recovered will be low, so it must be mixed. The ambient air within a building must be renewed for its occupants, men and animals, for the good health of the plants and to evacuate stale air. In addition, the plants cannot tolerate temperatures above 25°C, otherwise they must be watered abundantly. Human skin no longer breathes when the air is too humid too high a temperature. An abundance of leafy plants helps purify the ambient air in a natural way. Mechanical ventilation will renew and mix the air flow that must be channeled.

The invention is also based on the storage of solar heat during the day in a hot water tank and the storage of nighttime cold in a cold water tank. The greater the water storage capacities of these two reservoirs, the greater the accumulated energy will be. These two cold and hot energies can be used at any time via a reverse cycle refrigeration type machine which will activate an electricity generator. This electricity can be stored in an electrochemical accumulator, and can be transformed into hydrogen or sold for export.

The nomadic buildings described in previous patent applications and composed of a vacuum shell are light. In the event of a storm, they require anchoring in the ground. This anchoring can be done with pillars sunk into the ground, but the building will have more impact on the environment since the pillars are less mobile. The building will be stable in the event of a storm if it is ballasted by a large mass and if it can be more or less buried. If the lower part of the building, and therefore its infrastructure, is filled with water up to the ceiling of the lower level, the mass of the water reserve will be very significant and will weigh down the so-called hydro-solar building. This mass can be several hundred tons. In addition, this liquid ballast can be easily extracted and moved.

The water contained in one part of the tank formed by the lower part of the building's shell will be cooled at night by a cooler outside the building. A pump will circulate the water in walls cooled by the cold atmosphere at night, these exterior walls being the facades of the vacuum hull. The greater the volume of water, the greater the cold reserve. The greater the water reserve, the more water autonomy will be assured. The larger the water tank, the more ballasted the vacuum hull will be.

The term infrastructure refers to the lower part of a building.

The term superstructure designates the upper part of a building.

This cold water reserve will be used during the day to cool the internal wall of the building by circulating water using a circulation pump. The principle of condensation of humidity contained in the ambient air is used at this stage of the process.

This will involve circulating the interior air by channeling it against the internal cold wall of the vacuum shell, the air will lick the wall by being channeled by the interior lining plates. The air will flow from top to bottom. Indoor air will be captured at the upper part of the building, at its ridge. The air flow channeled along the internal cold wall of the vacuum shell will circulate from top to bottom to be expelled at the ground floor level of the building. The lining partitions will channel the air flow. The humidity contained in the ambient air flow will condense on the cold walls, the condensates will flow to the water reserve located in the lower part of the building. Exhausted air will be dry when released outside.

The water contained in another part of the reservoir formed by the infrastructure of the building shell will be heated during the day by a system for capturing the energy released by solar radiation, an external system of the building. This is the same external system that is used to capture cold at night and heat during the day.

Capturing the cold at night and the heat during the day outside the building can be done advantageously using the external metal envelope of the vacuum shell which incorporates waterproof metal tubes in which water circulates. heat transfer. The dark color of the envelope exposed to the sun will absorb solar radiation without reflecting it.

Restitution of the cold during the day inside the building can be done advantageously using the internal metal envelope of the vacuum shell which incorporates sealed metal tubes in which heat-transferring cold water circulates.

The gas vacuum and a small volume of solid material inside the vacuum shell makes it possible to have a very effective thermal barrier between the external envelope which can be heated to more than 100°C and the internal envelope which must be maintained at a low temperature to air-condition the so-called hydro-solar building and capture humidity from the air.

Storing cold water at night in a large tank will allow the recovery of the humidity contained in its interior air and in its fresh air as well as the air conditioning of the building during the day and the cooling of the condenser of an energy generator electric.

Storing hot water during the day in a tank will allow the internal heating of the building when the outside temperature is low as well as the heating of an evaporator which will ensure the rotation of a micro steam turbine coupled to an electric generator. For safety reasons, given the presence of metal and humidity, the general electrical circuit of the building will be at very low safety voltage.

In temperate regions, it will be necessary to capture the cold in aquifer waters. For this, drilling will be necessary, a first to pump the groundwater from the water table and a second for the return of the groundwater from which only the cold will have been taken. The depth of the drilling will be eight to thirty meters. If the night is colder than the water table, the night cold will be taken by the external metal envelope of the building. The groundwater temperature is between 8 and 12°C. A single installation for recovering cold from aquifer water and producing electricity can be used by a group of hydro-solar buildings or by a village.

The vacuum cocooned shell will encompass the water reserve and act as a reservoir. Storage tanks composed of a vacuum shell will ensure that the temperature, cold or hot, of the water volumes is maintained. The reservoir infrastructure of the shell could be buried in order to have the ground floor of the house at ground level and to improve the stability of the building in the event of a hurricane or typhoon.

The shell of the building is waterproof and resistant, flooding will have no impact. The land building can even become, during the time of the flood, a river building which, being ballasted in its lower part, will retain all its stability. As the climate becomes tropical in formerly temperate regions, torrential rains will fall more frequently and this buoyancy characteristic is welcome. But it will be necessary to have perfectly watertight openings once closed.

Parts of the building that are never exposed to direct sunlight can be a light, bright color.

The cold water contained in a tank can be used for domestic uses after filtration by various appropriate means up to reverse osmosis which is the most filtering treatment.

The lining partitions will be thick in order to provide balanced thermal comfort. They could be fine if an independent building is constructed of natural materials inside the vacuum shell.

• La coque légère est rigidifiée par la pression atmosphérique.
• Elle est très stable grâce à son chaînage interne par cage de cerclage décrite dans une demande précédente.
• Son enveloppe métallique est très résistante.
• Son enveloppe externe capte la chaleur du soleil dans la journée et capte le froid la nuit.
• Son enveloppe interne récupère l'humidité de l'air et rafraîchit ou chauffe les locaux du bâtiment.
• Son vide de matière solide et de gaz assure une haute isolation.
• Elle fait office de réservoir thermiquement isolé en stockant de l'énergie solaire dans une grande quantité d'eau nécessaire à la vie.
• Son démontage et son remontage rapides la rendent nomade.
• Elle peut être déplacée sans démontage après vidange de l'eau.
• Elle fait office de coque de navire en cas d'inondation.

This new type of so-called hydrosolar building is made possible thanks to the technical characteristics of the vacuum shell:

• The lightweight shell is stiffened by atmospheric pressure.
• It is very stable thanks to its internal chaining by strapping cage described in a previous application.
• Its metal casing is very resistant.
• Its outer shell captures the heat of the sun during the day and captures the cold at night.
• Its internal envelope recovers humidity from the air and cools or heats the building premises.
• Its vacuum of solid matter and gas ensures high insulation.
• It acts as a thermally insulated reservoir by storing solar energy in a large quantity of water necessary for life.
• Its rapid disassembly and reassembly makes it nomadic.
• It can be moved without dismantling after draining the water.
• It acts as a ship's hull in the event of flooding.

Description of figures, nomenclature page 16

• Figure 1 : This view is the section of a building with a fairly high ridge height and made up of a vacuum shell (0) whose base or infrastructure integrates a hot water tank (2) and a water tank cold (3) forming a reservoir (1). This tank (1) is not independent of the shell (0) but is made up of this insulating shell. The building is a reservoir. The tank ballasts the building. In these tanks are submerged various water pumps (9) connected to the facades (4) and walls (5) of its superstructure. A building with a water surface of 200 ^m2 over a height of two meters will thus be ballasted by a mass of 400 tonnes. The tank is closed and unvented so that no hot vapor escapes into the atmosphere. The interior of the building is lit by a skylight (26). The water made drinkable by filtration or by reverse osmosis (27) is drawn from the tank (3). Ambient air laden with humidity tends to rise towards the ridge of the building to be sucked in behind the lining partitions (25) thanks to mechanical ventilation (24). As it descends, the air will lick the cold walls (5) and the humidity will condense on them as it passes. The mixing of the indoor air to capture its humidity will be done during the day. It is especially during the day that domestic activities and plants emit humidity. The reservoir infrastructure will be named infrareservoir (1) in the remainder of the document, a unified lexical compound of masculine gender.
• Figure 2 : Zoom on the hot water tank (2) of the building of the figure 1 . Two circulation pumps (9) supply the facades (4) and the walls (5) with water contained in the hot water tank (2). Automated distribution systems using electromagnetic valves will allow the distribution of heat transfer water in the different walls of the building. The air which circulates behind the lining partitions (25) and which comes from the ridge of the building is blown by the fan (24) on the ground floor. The condensates descend by gravity along the walls (5) and flow into the tank (3) guided by the horizontal wall (5). The facades (4) capture the thermal energy emitted by solar radiation. The facades (4) capture the cold emitted by the atmosphere at night.
• Figure 3 : Zoom on the cold water tank (3) of the building of the figure 1 . A water treatment system (27) from the tank (3) by filtration or reverse osmosis supplies the domestic circuit. If the building is very large, the water can be filtered by a vegetated basin.
• Figure 4 : Zoom on the ridge of the building of the figure 1 . The more or less stale and humidity-laden ambient air rises towards the ridge and is sucked in behind the lining partitions (25) by ventilation. mechanical (24). A regulated quantity of fresh air, passing through the filter (32), mixes with the stale rising air and descends along the walls (5). A fan can be placed downstream of the filter (32). The building can be maintained at slight overpressure in order to control toxic inputs.
• Figure 4a : Presentation of the principle of thermal conduction which will be used in the rest of the document in order to capture heat and cold through the facades (4) and the walls (5): A metal envelope (6) is in contact with a tube square or rectangular heat transfer (7). The metal envelope is in the open air and is exposed to solar radiation heating outside the vacuum shell (0). The heat transfer tube (7) is under vacuum in the shell (0), it cannot dissipate its heat by radiation. This heat transfer tube is filled with water in order to transfer the heat and cold captured by the metal envelope (6) into the tanks (2) and (3). The internal face of the metal envelope (6) is also under vacuum, its thermal flows cannot radiate. The hot and cold heat flows can only be transferred in the water contained by the heat transfer tube (7). There will be thermal radiation outside the envelope (6) and thermal dissipation with the wind, but it will be compensated by the large surfaces of the building facades exposed to the sun or at night.
• Figure 5 : Aerial view of a building composed of a vacuum shell (0) whose internal faces of the envelope (6) are in contact with heat transfer tubes (7) in a serpentine pattern. The metal casing (6) is removed to reveal the tubes (7). The shape of the vacuum hull structure (0) is symbolized by a sketch so as not to overload the drawing, because it is composed of a large number of crossed ribs forming wooden lattices. A vacuum pump (8) is permanently connected to the hull (0) but will only operate in the event of a leak. The serpentine heat transfer tubes (7) can be several kilometers long if we add up all the external and internal surfaces of a large building. The path that the heat transfer water will travel will be very long and its thermal exposure will allow it to be raised or lowered to high or low temperatures. The water can reach 100°C. The connections of the coils (7) to each other will be made using a rigid external hydraulic circuit which will be fixed to the casing (6) and the tubes (7) by olive compression fittings.
• Figure 6a : Zoom on the vacuum pump (8) permanently connected to the hull (0) of the Figure 5 and which only works in the event of a leak.
• Figure 6b : Zoom on a roof facade of the building of the figure 5 .
• Figure 6c : Zoom on a facade of the building of the Figure 5 .
• Figure 6d : Zoom on the ridge of the building of the Figure 5 .
• Figure 7 : Flayed from the building of the Figure 5 showing the coil (7) stuck behind the metal envelope (6) removed. This view shows the hot water tank (2) and the cold water tank (3). These tanks made up of the infra-tank (1) of the vacuum shell (0) are insulating and will maintain the water at its initial temperature. Solar heat and night cold are stored for a long time, their hot and cold temperatures are constantly maintained by the coils (7).
• Figure 7a : Zoom on the internal wall (5) of the building of the Figure 7 .
• Figure 8 : View of a coil made up of a square tube (7). This tube will be metallic, because it is a better thermal conductor.
• Figure 9 : View of a wooden lattice (28) which, superimposed with another lattice, forms a supporting structure for the vacuum hull (0). The two trellises are spaced apart by spacers, the nature of which is explained in a previous application and Figure 14 . The coil location (7) is cut into this trellis, allowing the tube to be supported along its entire length by the wooden ribs of the trellis. Wood is thermally insulating and will transmit little heat flow when under vacuum. The spacers are also very insulating. The edges of the trellises are surrounded by a rib (29) which reinforces them.
• Figure 10 : View of the internal face of the wooden lattice of the Figure 9 , which shows that the beveled edges, reinforced by ribs (29) and once covered by the metal envelope (6) and sealed by joints, ensure the assembly and sealing of the trellises between them.
• Figure 11 : View of a cube representing a building volume, composed by the assembly of lattices (28) covered in one corner by the waterproof envelope (6). This cube will contain a nesting cube suspended thanks to spacers which will be strappings [30] as shown figure 14a . The coils (7) will be connected together by a hydraulic circuit following the desired path for the water.
• Figure 12a : Zoom on an angle of the lattice (28) of the Figure 10 .
• Figure 12b : Zoom on an angle of the cube of the Figure 11 and showing three coils (7) embedded in the wooden trellis (28). A clearance will be provided to take into account the thermal expansion of the metal tube (7) different from that of wood. Because of the depression and despite the thermal expansion, the metal envelope (6) will be able to contract towards the inside of each mesh of the lattice (28) without modifying its dimensions. It should be noted that the depression will stick the envelope (6) to the tube (7). The threaded hole in the coil is intended for screwing in a hydraulic olive fitting (31). The coils (7) will be connected to each other using the hydraulic circuit external to the hull [0] fixed on the tubes (7) using the fittings (31).
• Figure 13 : View of a thermal sensor facade (4) composed of a trellis (28) in which a coil (7) is embedded and on which is threaded a metal envelope (6) whose edges (29) are pre-bent at a bevel and pre-welded at their corners. The edges (33) of the envelopes will be placed in the middle of the tubes (7) and welded on them in order to improve the quality of the waterproof welds. The smallest olive fitting (31) intended for the hydraulic circuit is screwed onto the casing (6) and the coil (7). Two large olive fittings (31) are fixed in mirror image on both sides of the wall on the envelopes (6) to tighten a tube which is a wall crossing.
• Figure 13a : Skylight (26) composed of two mirrored panes (34), clamped by frames on the external and internal envelopes (6) and sealed by polymer seals. The dimensions of this skylight correspond to a mesh of the trellis (28) whose internal walls are reflective to guide the light. Multiple meshes can be used for a skylight. In cold regions, if the skylight has a transparent external facade (4) (34) but keeps an opaque metallic internal wall (5) (6), solar radiation will penetrate the vacuum shell (0), heating the heat transfer tube (7) of the thermal sensor facade (4) and the internal face of the metal envelope (6) of the internal wall (5) whose heat will be transmitted to the internal heat transfer tube (7). The thermal performance of this half-skylight thermal sensor will be that of a vacuum solar panel.
• Figure 13b : Olive compression fitting (31) mounted on the tubes intended for the hydraulic circuit and the wall crossings. Wall penetrations are used for the flow of condensate from one floor to another and for the passage of pipes and wires. The hydraulic circuit connects all the coils of the walls (4) and (5) together.
• Figure 14 : Figure taken from a previous application showing the structure of the vacuum hull which is composed of two parallel lattices (28) whose internal edges of the ribs are crenellated and spaced apart by tensioned bands or strapping (30). This panel and the beveled edges (29) are covered by a waterproof envelope (6).
• Figure 14a : Zoom on the tensioned strapping [30] or spacer.
• Figure 15 : Magnified view of a plate composed of a fabric of glass fibers or steel wires sandwiched between two aluminum layers. This reinforced aluminum advantageously replaces the metal strips (6). A building facade may require numerous metal strips (6) which must be welded by their edges (33). Conversely, a strip of fabric can be woven in widths of several meters. A metal strip (6) will be manufactured by vertically rolling the fabric between two layers of molten aluminum. The problem of edge welding (33) will thus be eliminated. The glass fibers must not be sized and must be heated to the melting temperature of aluminum.
• Figure 16 : This figure shows on the left, the exposure of the sensor facades (4) to the nighttime cold and on the right their exposure to the daytime sun. It is the temperature difference between day and night which creates the thermodynamic cycle used. This figure describes an autonomous electricity production system using solar heat which will be stored in a hot water tank and cold energy which will be stored in a cold water tank. This system uses two physical principles:
  • The vaporization temperature curve of a liquid follows its pressure curve. Conversely, the pressure curve of a gas follows its temperature curve.
  • The vaporization of a liquid absorbs heat. Conversely, steam releases heat by condensing.

The role of a refrigeration type machine is to extract a quantity of heat from a medium to be maintained at a low temperature. To do this, it uses a fluid called refrigerant to absorb heat, a pump to compress the gas and provide the work necessary to absorb the heat, an exchanger to improve the absorption of heat and another exchanger to make the rejection more efficient. of this heat.

The system used here is based on the same principles.

The autonomous electricity production system presented here consists of capturing the heat concentrated in the hot water tank via a gas and rejecting it into the cold water tank, producing work between the two stages of the production cycle.

This production cycle is ensured by a circulator (9) which will transfer a so-called refrigerant liquid, because it vaporizes at low temperature at atmospheric pressure. This liquid is sent via a high pressure circuit (14) into a heat exchanger (12) which would be an evaporator in a refrigeration installation and which by absorbing heat will vaporize the refrigerant liquid and thus increase its pressure. The vaporizer (12) is immersed in the hot water reserve (2) whose high temperature is maintained by the solar collector facades (4) of the building. So that the absorption of thermal energy and therefore the rise in pressure of the refrigerant liquid is limited and does not slow down the circulator (9), a solenoid valve (18) placed between the circulator and the vaporizer (12) closes the circuit. After a short time during which the refrigerant liquid will increase in pressure, an electronic expansion valve (11) opens. The pressurized steam suddenly found in a low pressure enclosure expands and thus exerts pressure on the blades of a micro steam turbine (16) which is coupled to an electric generator (17). This sudden depression of the gas generates heat which, if it were not absorbed, would maintain its gaseous state despite its drop in pressure. This heat dissipation is carried out by a heat exchanger (13) which would be a condenser in a refrigeration installation. This condenser is immersed in the cold water reserve (3) whose low water temperature is maintained by the night cold sensor facades (4) of the building. The condenser (13), being equipped with a blower, could be placed directly outside the building, but would consume energy and the gas could only be cooled at night. The gas condensed into liquid returns to the circulator (9) via a low pressure circuit (15). An expansion tank [10] is placed on the low pressure circuit (15) between the condenser (13) and the circulator (9) in order to maintain a constant pressure which corresponds to the liquefaction temperature of the refrigerant gas used, for example 5.7 bars minimum for R134a. The electricity produced by the generator (17) is sent by the circuit (19) into the electrochemical accumulator (22) which is also powered by photovoltaic panels (23) which are only present to initiate the operating cycle of the system electricity generator. The operating frequency of the solenoid valve (18) and the expansion valve (11) will be continuously adjusted electronically.

Figures 17 And 18 : Zooms on the Figure 16 allowing us to detail the hot water circuit [20] on the right which connects the hot water tank (2) to the solar collector facade (4). Hot water circulation is ensured by the pump (9). The cold water circuit (21) on the left connects the cold water tank (3) to the night cold sensor facade (4). The electrical devices connected by the electrical circuit (19) are at very low direct safety voltage. The relative capacities of tanks (2) and (3) will be adapted to the climate of the region.

Figure 19 : This view is the section of a so-called hydrosolar building whose location is adapted to temperate regions and aquiferous subsoils (38). The water from the water table (39), drawn by the lifting pump (36), travels through the water-water heat exchanger (35) and returns to the water table (39) via the return circuit ( 37). If the night temperature is higher than that of the groundwater (39), between 8 and 12°C, the cooling of the tank (3) will be carried out by the groundwater drawing circuit (39). ) and by the water-water heat exchanger (35).

Summary of the operating cycle of the thermodynamic system for transforming solar energy into electricity:
1) Vaporization of a refrigerant gas in an evaporator heated by a reserve of hot water, 2) Expansion of the gas which activates a steam turbine 3) Condensation of the refrigerant gas in a condenser cooled by a reserve of cold water.

Realization of the invention

The supporting vacuum hull (0) will be made using raw wooden bars which will be cut and assembled to constitute the ribs of the square mesh trellises (28) whose mirrored internal edges will be cut into crenellations. The stratified walls of the vacuum hull will consist of two superimposed lattices and braced by visible tensioned bands or strapping [30]. Figure 14 . The waterproof envelope (6) of the vacuum shell which encases these lattice load-bearing panels is made up of aluminum or steel sheets, fabric sandwiched between two aluminum sheets, glass (34) or a transparent polymer. The material will be chosen according to its location and purpose.

The locations of the square serpentine metal tubes (7) will be cut into the wooden lattices (28). A clearance will be provided to take into account the expansion of metal which is different from that of wood. The metal coils of metallurgy whose width is limited, intended to manufacture the envelope (6) will be assembled by their edges (33) on the square tubes (7) in order to simplify, reinforce and seal the welds. The supporting panels constituting the hull could be very large. The supporting panels once assembled using the straps [30], the thermal capture and emission circuits (7) will be connected together by means of a rigid hydraulic circuit mounted with fittings (31). The assembled hull will rest on a bed of sand and its infratank (1) will preferably be buried and coated with sandy soil. The strapping [30] will be made of steel or endlessly wound in fiberglass.

The openings in the shell intended for openings, windows and doors, will be surrounded by waterproof frames with conical fitting wider than the wall crossed and comprising anchoring systems intended for fixing the strapping-spacers [30] which will not be able to be closed and endless at the location of the openings.

The vacuum pump (8) will be specially manufactured so that it is as quiet as a domestic refrigerator compressor. The electronic expansion valve (11) and the micro steam turbine (16) will also be specially manufactured. The heat exchangers (12) and (13) in the form of spirals or serpentines will be made of round metal tubes resistant to pressure. The expansion tank [10] will have a membrane.

The condensates coming from the humidity of the indoor ambient air and the fresh air, flowing along the walls (5) will be directed towards the cold water tank (3) or a ornamental and fish farming pond.

The evaporator (12) will be installed in the upper part of the hot water tank (2), so that the cooled water goes down to the bottom of the tank. THE condenser (13) will be installed in the lower part of the cold water tank (3), so that the heated water rises to the surface of the water. The electricity production system will be installed in the building and its evacuation before the injection of the refrigerant gas will be done with the vacuum pump (8).

The infra-tank (1) of the hydrosolar building will be filled with filtered water which will be eternally recycled. The use cycle naturally depollutes the water over time. The frequency of the operating cycle of the electricity production system is conditioned by the temperatures of the hot and cold water stored. As a reminder, the joint use of heat and cold in physical effects and their temperature difference are the foundations of this invention.

The energy capacity of a domestic Lithium battery is 120 Wh/kg. The energy capacity of water at 100°C is 113 Wh/kg. If it were possible to recover energy from water without any heat loss from 100 to 0 °C, the theoretical energy capacity of 100 m ³ of water would be 11,300 kWh. The total surface area of a building's facades alternately exposed to the sun throughout the day can be twice its floor area, enough to heat a 200 m ³ tank in a region with an equatorial climate. The surface area of a building's facades exposed to nighttime cold can be three times its floor area, enough to cool a 200 m ³ tank. In a climate with a large difference between daytime and nighttime temperatures, the temperature range usable to operate the electricity production system is 50°C. If the volumes of hot water and cold water are 200 m ³ each, there will remain an available energy capacity of 11,300 kWh. A significant quantity of energy will be available even after deducting the heat loss, the latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant liquid and the efficiency of the turbine-generator group. The larger the building, the more it will produce a significant amount of energy. As a reminder, the hull or vacuum tank being very insulating, the heat dissipation of the water will be minimal. The electricity production of a group of buildings whose hot and cold water are networked can be centralized in an industrial premises. The turbine generators will no longer be distributed in each so-called hydro-solar building but grouped together in a central factory.

A possible use of this building is to use it as a bioclimatic bubble integrating a microclimate and in which a dwelling will be located made up of walls made of traditional and local materials, adobe, wood, etc. Constructions made from traditional materials offer very balanced thermal comfort, are inexpensive and can integrate modern domestic comfort. This solution is advantageous, because the lining partitions (25) will no longer need to be thick and waterproof, a simple fabric or sheet will suffice. The larger the bioclimatic bubble, the more energy produced will be important and will be able to integrate protected vegetation which will participate in the oxygenation of the air and water.

It will be important to integrate into each bioclimatic bubble a biotope composed of a market gardening area, composting, vegetated aquatic water treatment and even a fish breeding pond. Effluent from domestic toilets will be treated by vermicomposting to replace polluting chemical fertilizers. A building not connected to urban wastewater collection is more easily movable. This type of building not anchored in the ground is movable property whose exterior shape is adapted to local climatic conditions.

In its version adapted to the temperate climate, the hydrosolar building of the Figure 19 is buried up to ground floor level. As this configuration requires drilling the ground (38) down to the water table, the earthworks will include the burial of the infra-tank (1) thus allowing level access for elderly or disabled people. The building will remain nomadic, but the fixed circuit for extracting cold from groundwater will remain available to successive occupants of the land. Nomenclature 0- Vacuum shell, 20- Hot water circuit, 1- Infrareservoir or reservoir infrastructure, 21- Cold water circuit, 22- Electrochemical accumulator, 2- Hot water tank, 23- Photovoltaic panels, 3- Cold water tank, 24- Mechanical ventilation, 4- Thermal sensor facade, 25- Partition or lining sheet, 5- Air conditioner wall, 26- Skylights, 6- Waterproof envelope, 27- Water filtration, 7- Heat transfer tube, 28- wooden trellis, 8- Vacuum pump, 29- Rib and border, 9- Circulation pump, 30- Strapping, 10- Expansion vessel, 31- Olive compression fitting, 11 - Electronic expansion valve, 32- Air filter, 12- Evaporator, 33- Shore metal strip, 13- Condenser, 34- Window, 14- High pressure gas circuit, 35- Water-water exchanger, 15- Low pressure gas circuit, 36- Lift pump, 16- Steam turbine, 37- Groundwater return, 17- Electric generator, 38- Ground, 18- Solenoid valve, 39- Water table. 19- Electrical circuit,

Claims (15)

So-called nomadic hydrosolar building consisting of a vacuum shell (0) in cocoon, light and insulating, characterized by its infra-tank (1) of hot (2) and cold (3) water storing solar heat and night cold generated by the thermal sensor facades (4) of its superstructure; used together at any time, these said waters ballast said light waterproof shell (0), allow water autonomy by capturing the humidity of the interior air and the fresh air, produce a quantity of energy greater than consumption domestic. So-called nomadic hydrosolar building according to claim 1, characterized in that it is nomadic, because it does not require anchoring to the ground thanks to its waterproof infrastructure forming a reservoir, designated by the term infratank (1), which is filled with water permanently and ballast the said building. So-called nomadic hydrosolar building according to claim 2, characterized in that the waterproof envelope (6) of its vacuum shell (0) is composed of metal sheets, aluminum sheets reinforced with glass fibers or steel wires, glass or transparent polymer. So-called nomadic hydrosolar building according to claim 3, characterized in that its supporting structure composed of a vacuum shell (0) in cocoon, is stiffened by the atmospheric pressure which applies to its outer envelope (6) thanks to a pump vacuum (8) permanently installed in situ. So-called nomadic hydrosolar building according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the waterproof envelope (6) of its vacuum shell (0) integrates serpentine heat transfer tubes (7) thus forming external thermal sensor facades (4) and internal air conditioner walls (5) in which water circulates. So-called nomadic hydrosolar building according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the external thermal sensor facades (4) of the building are cooled during the night. So-called nomadic hydrosolar building according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the water reserve (3) stored by its infra-tank (1) is cooled at night by the external thermal sensor facades (4) of the building which integrate the heat transfer tubes (7) in which said water circulates and at any time by the groundwater (39) which circulates in a water-water heat exchanger (35). So-called nomadic hydrosolar building according to any one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the external thermal sensor facades (4) of the building are heated during the day by solar radiation. So-called nomadic hydrosolar building according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the water reserve (2) stored by its infra-tank (1) is heated during the day by the external thermal sensor facades (4) of the building which integrate the heat transfer tubes (7) in which said water circulates and by half-light wells (26) equivalent to solar panels. So-called nomadic hydrosolar building according to any one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that the internal air conditioning walls (5) of the superstructure of the building are cooled during the day by the cold water reserve (3). So-called nomadic hydrosolar building according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the interior air and the fresh air of said building circulate from top to bottom behind the partitions or the lining sheets (25) during the day thanks to to mechanical ventilation (24). So-called nomadic hydrosolar building according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the humidity of the interior air and the fresh air condenses and thus integrates the cold water reserve (3) thanks to the circulation behind the partitions or lining sheets (25) of this interior air and this fresh air which licks the cooled air conditioner walls (5) of the vacuum hull (0). So-called nomadic hydrosolar building according to claim 7, characterized in that the cold water reserve (3) is used to cool a heat exchanger (13) crossed by a gas whose condensation temperature at atmospheric pressure is less than 0 °C and which condenses thanks to the transfer of cold from the water to the gas. So-called nomadic hydrosolar building according to claim 9, characterized in that the hot water reserve (2) is used to heat a heat exchanger (12) crossed by a gas whose vaporization temperature at atmospheric pressure is less than 0 °C and whose pressure increases thanks to the transfer of heat from the water to the gas. So-called nomadic hydrosolar building according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a steam turbine (16) coupled to an electric generator (17) is actuated by the rapid expansion of a gas which has been previously mounted under pressure by heat exchange at any time with the hot water reserve (2) followed by cooling by heat exchange with the cold water reserve (3).

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