EP4288989A1 - Zustandserkennungsschaltung und fernbetätigbarer schalter - Google Patents
Zustandserkennungsschaltung und fernbetätigbarer schalterInfo
- Publication number
- EP4288989A1 EP4288989A1 EP22706746.9A EP22706746A EP4288989A1 EP 4288989 A1 EP4288989 A1 EP 4288989A1 EP 22706746 A EP22706746 A EP 22706746A EP 4288989 A1 EP4288989 A1 EP 4288989A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- detection circuit
- state detection
- hall sensor
- switch
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/06—Distinguishing marks, e.g. colour coding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
- H01H2071/048—Means for indicating condition of the switching device containing non-mechanical switch position sensor, e.g. HALL sensor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/08—Indicators; Distinguishing marks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
- H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
- H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
- H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
Definitions
- the invention relates to state detection circuits, e.g. for remotely operable switches, and remotely operable switches with a corresponding state detection circuit.
- Remotely operable switches are circuit elements that can make electrical contact between electrodes and break electrical connection between electrodes when desired. It is also possible to remotely control the switching status.
- Relays are known from WO 2017/129823 A1 which have a read contact which is intended to be able to communicate the switching state of the relay to an external circuit environment.
- Power contactors are known from WO 2020/043515 A1, whose circuit for communicating the actual switching state includes a Hall switch.
- Remotely operated switches such as power contactors
- a control circuit that is a Load circuit can switch on and off.
- a possible use of such contactors is the electrical connection between a battery and an electric motor, z. B. in an electric motor vehicle, to make or to separate.
- the power contactor can thus have the function of a safety component, in which, in the event of a corresponding malfunction, source and load, i. H . Battery and electric motor, especially at high voltages, e .g . B. 450 V, can be separated.
- read contacts are a simple solution for outputting the switching status.
- the reliability of read contacts can be improved, especially in the presence of other external magnetic fields.
- the status detection circuit includes a Hall sensor circuit with a Hall sensor. Furthermore, the state detection circuit has a voltage regulator and an output switch. The Hall sensor circuit is connected between the voltage regulator and the output switch.
- An external supply voltage can supply the state detection circuit with energy via the voltage regulator.
- the switching state e .g . B. an associated remote controllable Switch to be communicated to an external circuit environment.
- connection lines in such a way that the protection against polarity reversal of the electronics of the state detection circuit is improved and is therefore not damaged even in the event of incorrect connection to an external circuit environment.
- the state detection circuit as stated above differs fundamentally from detection circuits as z. B. are known from WO 2020/043515 A1.
- State recognition circuits are known from WO 2020/043515 A1, for example from FIG. 3B, in which an operational amplifier 203 is connected between a Hall sensor 19 and a semiconductor switch 207 .
- the state detection circuit indicates a configuration in which the Hall sensor, which is part of a Hall circuit, is connected between the voltage regulator and the output switch.
- the status detection circuit can be operated with a wide range of a supply voltage, as described above, the status detection circuit can be used universally. This means that it can also replace previous detection circuits without any additional development effort, in order to improve corresponding remote-controlled switches and reduce power consumption.
- the supply voltage range can e.g. B. 4 V or more and 36 V or less.
- the hall sensor supplies a binary output signal.
- the circuit configuration with the Hall sensor circuit between the voltage regulator and the output switch makes it possible to use an element that produces a binary output signal as the Hall sensor.
- the Hall sensor of WO 2020/043515 A1 is intended to supply a current of between 5 and 7 mA for a switching state. In order to display the respective other switching status, the Hall sensor outputs a current of between 12 mA and 17 mA.
- the Hall sensor of WO 2020/043515 A1 is therefore a power source with a relatively high power consumption, while the binary output signal of the Hall sensor according to the present state detection circuit can be evaluated more easily by subsequent circuit elements and enables lower energy consumption.
- the state detection circuit further includes an output terminal. The output switch is then provided and of course correspondingly suitable for providing a switching state of a remote-controlled switch according to a magnetic environment of the Hall sensor at the output connection.
- the Hall sensor uses the Hall effect, i. H . the magnetic surroundings of the Hall sensor are detected.
- Remotely operated switches e .g . B. Relays, or power contactors
- the electrical conductor can be mechanically brought into contact with the two electrodes in order to electrically connect the two electrodes and mechanically separated from at least one of the two electrodes in order to separate the electrical interconnection of the two electrodes.
- a magnet can be mechanically connected to the electrical conductor of the remote-controlled switch, which, like the electrical conductor, changes its position depending on the switching state.
- the Hall sensor is preferably fixed relative to the remotely controllable switch, so that when the switching state changes, the distance between the magnet and a sensitive area of the Hall sensor also changes.
- the magnetic environment of the Hall sensor thus changes when the remotely controllable switch is activated.
- This information which corresponds to the switching state of the associated remotely controllable switch, can thus be made available to an external circuit environment at the output connection of the state detection circuit.
- the use of a Hall sensor has the advantage that the Hall sensor works without mechanical wear, which improves the reliability and service life of the state detection circuit.
- the status detection circuit prefferably has a supply connection and a ground connection.
- a supply voltage can be provided to the status detection circuit via the supply connection.
- the status detection circuit can be connected to the ground potential of an external circuit environment via the ground connection.
- the supply terminal Due to the configuration of the state detection circuitry with the hall sensor circuitry between the voltage regulator and the output switch, it is possible for the supply terminal to be capable of accepting a wide range of supply voltages in order to function properly. In this case, it is possible for any voltage between 4 V and 36 V to be sufficient as the permissible supply voltage in order to operate the state detection circuit.
- the hall sensor is connected to three different lines of the hall sensor circuit.
- the configuration in which the Hall sensor is connected to three different lines of the Hall sensor circuit thus represents a circuit environment for the Hall sensor that differs significantly from the circuit environment around the Hall sensor in WO 2020/043515 A1.
- the one shown in Figure 3B of WO 2020/043515 A1 clearly shows that the Hall sensor 19 is connected to exactly two lines of its circuit environment.
- condition detection circuitry as described above thus provides a new and improved configuration that increases reliability and reduces power consumption. It is possible for the Hall sensor to be connected to ground and to the output switch and also to be electrically coupled to an output of the voltage regulator.
- connection to ground and to the output switch can be a direct connection.
- D. H it is possible that the hall sensor is wired directly to ground and directly to the output switch.
- the Hall sensor circuit also includes a resistive element and a capacitive element.
- the resistive element can be connected between an output of the voltage regulator and a first connection of the Hall sensor.
- the capacitive element can also be connected between the first connection of the Hall sensor and ground.
- the first resistive element can have a resistance between 50 ⁇ and 150 ⁇ , e.g. B. have 100 Q .
- the capacitive element can have a capacitance between 5 nF and 15 nF, e.g. B. have 10 nF.
- the capacitive element can have a nominal voltage of 50 V and can therefore work without any problems in the voltage range between 5 V and 50 V.
- resistive element and the capacitive element together form a member of an RC filter.
- This filter can ripple a supply voltage of the Reduce the voltage regulator and thus smooth the supply voltage of the Hall sensor.
- the status detection circuit also has a first diode.
- the first diode can be connected between the supply connection and an input of the voltage regulator.
- the first diode can represent a polarity reversal protection diode, which protects the state detection circuit against damage in the event of incorrect polarity reversal.
- protection against incorrect polarity reversal can be enabled up to a voltage of 60 V.
- the forward voltage can be 0.5 V.
- the continuous current load can be 30 mA and the maximum short-time current load can be 2 A.
- the state detection circuit further comprises a first diode circuit between the output terminal and ground.
- the first diode circuit can include two diodes connected in series and arranged in the opposite direction.
- the first diode circuit can have a breakdown voltage of 40 V. In this case, the first diode circuit can protect the output switch from overvoltage.
- the state detection circuit can include a second diode circuit.
- the second diode circuit can be connected between ground and the supply connection.
- the second diode circuit can likewise have two diodes arranged in opposite directions and connected in series.
- the second diode circuit can have a breakdown voltage of 40 V.
- the second diode circuit can be designed as a bidirectional TVS diode.
- the second diode circuit can become conductive when its breakdown voltage is reached and create a short circuit in order to protect the circuit elements behind it from overvoltage. The status detection circuit is thus reliably protected against polarity reversal.
- the state detection circuit further comprises a second resistive element.
- the second resistive element can be connected between the first connection of the Hall sensor and the second connection of the Hall sensor.
- the second resistive element can form a pull-up resistor of the Hall sensor and have a resistance between 50 k ⁇ and 150 k ⁇ , for example 100 k ⁇ .
- the second resistive element can serve to stabilize the output signal of the Hall sensor.
- the state detection circuit may include a third resistive element.
- the third resistive element can be connected between ground and the output switch.
- the third resistive element may have a resistance between 100 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ , for example 150 ⁇ .
- the output switch can Preserved coupling to ground, so its electric potential is well-defined with respect to ground potential.
- the output switch may include a semiconductor switch and/or a protected semiconductor switch.
- the semiconductor switch can be a field effect transistor (FET).
- FET field effect transistor
- the semiconductor switch can have an operating voltage of 4
- the output switch can have further protective elements that protect the semiconductor switch from impermissible operating parameters, for example both currents and excessively high voltages.
- the output switch may be or include a so-called Protected FET (ProFET).
- the voltage regulator is intended and suitable for an input voltage between 4 V and 36
- the output voltage of the voltage regulator can be 5 V in particular.
- the voltage regulator essentially supplies the Hall sensor circuits with electrical energy. It is possible for the Hall sensor of the Hall sensor circuit to include a semiconductor switch and a Hall element that is connected to the gate connection of the semiconductor switch.
- the semiconductor switch of the Hall sensor can also be a field effect transistor.
- This configuration in which the Hall sensor is connected to its circuit environment via three lines, distinguishes the configuration of the present state detection circuit from corresponding detection circuits, for example WO 2020/043515 A1.
- the state detection circuit may include a second capacitive element.
- the second capacitive element can be connected between the supply connection and ground.
- the second capacitive element can have a capacitance between 50 nF and 150 nF, for example 100 nF, and as a smoothing capacitor absorb high voltage peaks at the supply connection of the status detection circuit. If the second capacitive element is charged accordingly, the second diode circuit can switch through and discharge voltage peaks to ground.
- a corresponding remotely actuatable switch can have an electrical switch and a state detection circuit, for example as described above.
- the status detection circuit is provided for this purpose and, due to its special configuration, is also capable of reliably detecting a switching status of the electrical switch and making it available to an external circuit environment. It is possible for the remote switch to be selected from a relay, a contactor and a high voltage contactor.
- the state detection circuit provides information as to whether the circuit state of the switch is “closed as intended” and/or “opened as intended”.
- the circuit elements of the state detection circuit can be arranged on one or both sides of a circuit board.
- the circuit board can be arranged in the bottom of the remotely controllable switch.
- the circuit board can have such dimensions that it fits into conventional remote-controlled switches.
- the circuit board can be circular and have a diameter of between 10 and 15 mm, for example 8.5 mm, 12.5 mm or 13.9 mm. Functional principles and details of preferred embodiments are shown in more detail in the following schematic figures.
- the remotely operated switch also includes a label on an electrical conductor. Of the Conductor is intended and suitable for connecting the switch to an external circuit environment.
- the conductor is a connection line and the marking is a warning label to warn against polarity reversal.
- a marking represents a possible configuration that improves protection against polarity reversal.
- Figure 1 shows the arrangement of some circuit blocks relative to each other
- FIG. 2 shows the circuit diagram with further circuit elements of a preferred embodiment
- Figure 3 shows the circuit environment of the Hall element in the Hall sensor
- FIG. 4 functional elements of a remotely controllable switch.
- FIG. 5 circuit elements of a further preferred embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows blocks of the status detection circuit ZES.
- the state detection circuit includes a voltage regulator SR, a Hall sensor circuit HSS and an output switch AS.
- the Hall sensor circuit contains a Hall sensor HS.
- the Hall sensor circuit HSS is connected between the voltage regulator SR and the output switch AS.
- the status detection circuit also has an input SUP for a supply voltage and an output OUT to forward the switching status to an external circuit environment.
- the output switch AS is connected between the Hall sensor circuit HSS and the output connection OUT.
- the output switch AS is optionally connected to the supply connection SUP.
- the directions of the arrows on the supply terminal SUP and the output terminal OUT indicate the direction of the corresponding electric power.
- the state detection circuit differs fundamentally from corresponding state detection circuits from known remotely controllable switches. As a result of the new configuration, it is possible for the state detection circuitry to have lower power requirements and increased reliability, while still being compatible with previous remotely operated switches.
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the status detection circuit ZES with further circuit elements.
- the voltage regulator SR, the Hall sensor circuit HSS and the output switch AS can be connected to ground.
- a first connection HS 1 of the Hall sensor HS is connected to a first output connection SRI of the voltage regulator SR via a first resistive element RI.
- a second connection HS2 of the Hall sensor Circuit HSS is connected to an input of the output switch AS. Another connection of the Hall sensor HS is connected to ground.
- the first capacitive element CI is connected between the first connection HS 1 of the Hall sensor HS and ground.
- the pull-up resistor R2 is connected between the first connection HS1 of the Hall sensor HS and the second connection HS2 of the Hall sensor HS.
- the first diode D1 is connected between the supply connection SUP and the voltage regulator SR.
- the first diode D1 represents a polarity reversal protection diode against incorrect polarity reversal of the state detection circuit.
- the first diode circuit DS 1 is connected between the output terminal OUT and ground.
- the first diode circuit DS 1 provides protection against overvoltage.
- the first diode circuit DS 1 can protect the output switch AS from overvoltage.
- the second diode circuit DS2 is connected between the supply connection SUP and ground.
- the second diode circuit DS2 protects the circuit elements behind it from overvoltage at the supply connection SUP. Voltage peaks are diverted to ground when the breakdown voltage of the second diode circuit DS2 is exceeded.
- the third resistive element R3 is between ground and the
- Output switch AS interconnects and provides the
- FIG. 3 shows a possible internal structure of the Hall sensor HS. It can contain a Hall element HE and a semiconductor switch HLS.
- the Hall element HE is arranged in the vicinity of a rest position of a magnet on the movable electrical conductor of the remote-controlled switch and detects magnetic fields in its vicinity.
- the Hall element HE is connected to the base of the semiconductor switch HLS.
- the Hall sensor HS is connected to its circuit environment via three lines and provides a binary output signal relating to the magnetic environment of the Hall element at its output via the semiconductor switch HLS.
- the semiconductor switch HLS of the Hall sensor HS is essentially coupled or directly connected to the output switch AS.
- FIG. 4 shows central elements of a remotely controllable switch FS.
- the remotely operated switch FS has a first electrode ELI and a second electrode EL2 and an electrical conductor L H .
- the electrical conductor L can be attached to a sliding element SCH.
- the electrical conductor can be pressed against the first electrode ELI and the second electrode EL2 or pulled away from the electrodes ELI, EL2 via the pushing element SCH, for example driven via magnet coils MS.
- This allows the remote switch to open or close an electrical contact between electrodes ELI and EL2.
- the magnetic coils MS can be remotely controlled by appropriate currents.
- a magnet M which also changes its position depending on the position of the electrical conductor L and thus changes the magnetic environment of the Hall sensor HS, is firmly connected to the sliding element SCH.
- the Hall sensor HS can forward a binary signal relating to the switching state of the electrical conductor L to the external circuit environment.
- the circuit elements or circuit blocks of the state detection circuit can be arranged on one or both sides of a circuit board LP, which is connected to the Hall sensor HS.
- the printed circuit board LP can be arranged and fastened in the bottom area of the remotely controllable switch FS.
- the printed circuit board LP can have a size and a shape such that it can be used in corresponding recesses in conventional remote-controlled switches FS. In this way, the power consumption of conventional remote-controlled switches can be reduced and the reliability can be increased without the other switch elements of the switch ES needing to be revised.
- FIG. 5 shows a preferred form of a state detection circuit which is based on the circuit according to FIG.
- the output switch of the circuit in accordance with FIG. 5 is connected directly to ground instead of to the supply connection Sup.
- the circuit according to FIG. 5 lacks the third resistive element R3 and the output switch of the circuit according to FIG. 5 lacks the associated interconnection to ground via R3.
- the first diode D1 of the circuit according to FIG. 2 is no longer included in the embodiment according to FIG.
- the resistance value of the second resistive element R2 can be between 2 kQ and 10 kQ, e.g. b. 4.7 kQ.
- the output switch AS can be used as a three-pole (semiconductor) switch, e.g. B. be designed as a Pro(tected)-FET.
- the status detection circuit can also have further circuit elements, for example for detecting the temperature or a voltage present at the housing of the corresponding switch for detecting a fault.
Landscapes
- Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)
- Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021102714.4A DE102021102714B3 (de) | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Zustandserkennungsschaltung und fernbetätigbarer Schalter |
| PCT/EP2022/052430 WO2022167463A1 (de) | 2021-02-05 | 2022-02-02 | Zustandserkennungsschaltung und fernbetätigbarer schalter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4288989A1 true EP4288989A1 (de) | 2023-12-13 |
| EP4288989B1 EP4288989B1 (de) | 2026-01-28 |
Family
ID=80595496
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22706746.9A Active EP4288989B1 (de) | 2021-02-05 | 2022-02-02 | Zustandserkennungsschaltung und fernbetätigbarer schalter |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240105411A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4288989B1 (de) |
| JP (2) | JP2024506827A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN116868298A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021102714B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022167463A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102024106555B3 (de) * | 2024-03-07 | 2025-05-15 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Schaltvorrichtung und Betriebsvorrichtung mit einer Schaltvorrichtung |
| US20250379015A1 (en) * | 2024-06-10 | 2025-12-11 | Allegro Microsystems, Llc | Sensor for relay position |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4450427A (en) * | 1981-12-21 | 1984-05-22 | General Electric Company | Contactor with flux sensor |
| JPH02144815A (ja) * | 1988-11-28 | 1990-06-04 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | リレー回路 |
| KR0121130B1 (ko) * | 1994-10-27 | 1997-11-10 | 구자홍 | 교반 유체의 중량감지방법 및 장치 |
| DE202010012939U1 (de) | 2010-11-19 | 2011-02-03 | steute Schaltgeräte GmbH & Co. KG | Zweiadriger Sicherheits-Hall-Schalter |
| JP5733532B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-24 | 2015-06-10 | Tdk株式会社 | 磁気センサ |
| DE102012223573A1 (de) * | 2012-12-18 | 2014-07-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen von Signalpegeln |
| CN103954820B (zh) * | 2014-04-16 | 2017-09-08 | 北京航天发射技术研究所 | 抛筒盖电子等效、自检测装置 |
| DE102016107127B4 (de) * | 2016-01-29 | 2025-12-18 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Relais |
| DE102018120984B4 (de) | 2018-08-28 | 2022-03-31 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Schaltvorrichtung |
| CN209605837U (zh) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-11-08 | 四川华灿电子有限公司 | 一种基于霍尔传感器的电子式里程表系统 |
| US11373831B2 (en) * | 2019-05-18 | 2022-06-28 | Amber Solutions, Inc. | Intelligent circuit breakers |
| CN110763910A (zh) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-07 | 绵阳市维博电子有限责任公司 | 一种数显直流表及其电流采样电路 |
-
2021
- 2021-02-05 DE DE102021102714.4A patent/DE102021102714B3/de active Active
-
2022
- 2022-02-02 US US18/263,768 patent/US20240105411A1/en active Pending
- 2022-02-02 JP JP2023545215A patent/JP2024506827A/ja active Pending
- 2022-02-02 CN CN202280013559.0A patent/CN116868298A/zh active Pending
- 2022-02-02 EP EP22706746.9A patent/EP4288989B1/de active Active
- 2022-02-02 WO PCT/EP2022/052430 patent/WO2022167463A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2025
- 2025-09-08 JP JP2025148152A patent/JP2025170432A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022167463A1 (de) | 2022-08-11 |
| EP4288989B1 (de) | 2026-01-28 |
| DE102021102714B3 (de) | 2022-07-07 |
| CN116868298A (zh) | 2023-10-10 |
| US20240105411A1 (en) | 2024-03-28 |
| JP2024506827A (ja) | 2024-02-15 |
| JP2025170432A (ja) | 2025-11-18 |
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