EP4288570B1 - Verfahren zur steuerung des trocknungsprozesses von häuten in der gerbereiindustrie und zugehörige trocknungsanlage - Google Patents

Verfahren zur steuerung des trocknungsprozesses von häuten in der gerbereiindustrie und zugehörige trocknungsanlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4288570B1
EP4288570B1 EP22706388.0A EP22706388A EP4288570B1 EP 4288570 B1 EP4288570 B1 EP 4288570B1 EP 22706388 A EP22706388 A EP 22706388A EP 4288570 B1 EP4288570 B1 EP 4288570B1
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Prior art keywords
hides
drying
environment
control unit
air
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EP22706388.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4288570C0 (de
EP4288570A1 (de
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Mario Serrini
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Italprogetti SpA
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Italprogetti SpA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES
    • C14B1/00—Manufacture of leather; Machines or devices therefor
    • C14B1/58—Drying

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling the process of drying hides, or similar products, in the tanning industry. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for controlling the final stage of the drying process, wherein the hides have already been treated, usually by pressing and/or vacuuming, to remove the excess moisture so that a percentage of known residual moisture remains thereon and wherein from such a known percentage the hide must be gradually brought to a desired lower moisture value.
  • the invention also relates to a plant for controlling the hide drying process adapted for implementing the method of the invention.
  • tanning is a hide working process consisting of a succession of chemical and mechanical stages. All chemical operations, up to post-treatment and dyeing, are carried out by means of a "wet treatment process" in drums or other chemical reactors.
  • the tanned hide resulting from these treatments has an extremely high level of moisture, in excess of 100%, and must therefore be subjected to controlled drying processes before it can undergo finishing treatments.
  • the drying process typically takes place in several successive stages through the use of specific drums and other specialised machinery and equipment.
  • a first phase is sammying in which the hide is mechanically processed through pairs of grooved rollers that compress it. At the outlet of this phase, the content of water absorbed by the tanned hide is significantly reduced to about 40%.
  • a vacuum phase may take place in which the hide is adhered to a steel plate under which steam or hot water circulates and onto which a lid is lowered. A depression is then created inside the lid, and this facilitates the evaporation of the water.
  • This phase is discontinuous and involves opening the machine, removing and inserting the hide, and then closing the machine again. Generally, the amount of residual moisture in the hide at the outlet of the vacuuming process is around 20%.
  • the hide has in any case a known or measurable residual humidity and must undergo the final drying process to bring the hide in a controlled and gradual way to a final humidity value of between 8% and 12%, depending on the use purposes.
  • a first distinction between them is based on the position of the hide.
  • plants exist in which the hides are kept in a fixed position during drying, as occurs, for example, in static conditioning cells or in laboratory vertical air-flow driers, and other plants in which the hides are moved through the drying environment by means of chain or belt conveyors, as in the case of rotary or tunnel dryers.
  • a further distinction is made according to the manner in which the hides are supported. In fact, they can be kept in an extended configuration, as in hide supporting frames, or can simply be hung, as in the case of stick dryer systems.
  • the purpose of the final drying process is to achieve an extremely controlled reduction in the moisture content of the hide that makes it possible, first and foremost, to maximise the yield (i.e. to obtain the smallest possible surface reduction) and also to optimise the final features of the hide from the point of view of workability, softness and so forth.
  • the main factors that characterise a drying process are: the temperature and relative humidity of the air in the drying environment, the air velocity on the surface of the product to be dried, and the overall drying time.
  • the maximum duration of the drying cycle is often determined by the needs of the production process and is therefore usually considered a fixed parameter.
  • current technologies are all designed to enable them to be regulated. Having thus established the time available for the drying cycle in the current drying plants for hides, the remaining three characteristic parameters are checked in order to optimise the process.
  • Document CH 680 224 A5 discloses a method for controlling the drying process of moist hides, wherein said moist hides undergo a drying action until they reach a desired moisture content.
  • CH 680 224 A5 also discloses a drying plant for hides comprising a drying environment provided with means for creating a flow of hot air and with a plurality of support means each suitable for receiving one or more hides.
  • CH 680 224 A5 further discloses several sensors for detecting the temperature and the moisture content of said hot air and a control unit configured to adjust in real time the operating parameters of the drying environment based on the values detected by said sensors.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to propose a method for controlling the drying process of hides in the tanning industry that makes it possible to overcome the above-mentioned limits.
  • a further purpose is to propose an apparatus for the drying of hides within the tanning industry that makes it possible to develop and realise a drying process that is highly efficient, reliable and that provides stability in terms of results.
  • Another purpose of the invention is to propose a method and associated plant, that makes it possible to optimise and standardise the hide drying process in the tanning industry.
  • Yet another purpose of the invention is to propose a method for controlling the drying process of the hides that makes it possible to vary at least one of the main parameters that influence the process during the process itself based on information relating to the moisture levels of the hides detected continuously during the process.
  • a further purpose of the present invention is to propose a drying plant for hides that makes it possible to know substantially continuously the moisture content of the hides contained therein during the drying process.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to propose a drying plant for hides wherein at least one of the main parameters that influence the process is automatically modified during the process itself as a function of the moisture variation of the hides during the process itself.
  • a drying plant for hides suitable for carrying out a final drying cycle of hides in the tanning industry is hereinafter referred to as 5.
  • the drying plant for hides 5 is of the tunnel type in which a drying environment 10, through which the hides P being processed pass, is defined.
  • the drying plant for hides 5 comprises means for generating an air flow 50 temperature control means 30, as well as relative air humidity control means 40 to condition it in the drying environment 10.
  • a drying plant for hides according to the invention as described above enables the implementation of a method for controlling the drying process of hides in the tanning industry according to the invention.
  • the desired trends, and the setting of the appropriate working parameters to achieve them are defined on the basis of experience in order to obtain, depending on the type of hide and its intended use purpose, an optimum drying process, such as to ensure the best surface yield of the hide.
  • the work programme meaning the setting and temporal evolution of the working parameters in the drying environment 10, is then set on the basis of experience as the most suitable for achieving the desired moisture reduction trend.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Verfahren zur Steuerung des Trocknungsprozesses von Häuten oder ähnlichen Produkten in der Gerbereiindustrie, wobei in einer Trocknungsumgebung (10) eine Vielzahl von Trägermitteln (21) vorgesehen sind, die jeweils zur Aufnahme einer oder mehrerer Häute (P) mit einem bekannten Feuchtigkeitsgehalt geeignet sind, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass durch Gewichtssensoren (22), die mit einem oder mehreren der Trägermittel (21) verbunden sind, das Gewicht der Häute (P) im Wesentlichen kontinuierlich erfasst wird, die erfassten Gewichtswerte im Wesentlichen kontinuierlich an eine Steuereinheit (15) übertragen werden, die in Abhängigkeit davon und von dem Wert des bekannten Feuchtigkeitsgehalts der Häute (P) im Wesentlichen kontinuierlich den momentanen Feuchtigkeitswert der Häute (P) während des Trocknungsprozesses berechnet und auf dieser Grundlage automatisch mindestens einen der folgenden Arbeitsparameter steuert: die Temperatur der Luft in der Trocknungsumgebung, die relative Feuchtigkeit der Luft in der Trocknungsumgebung, die Trocknungszeit, die Geschwindigkeit eines Luftstroms über die Oberfläche der Häute (P) in der Trocknungsumgebung.
  2. Verfahren zur Steuerung des Trocknungsprozesses von Häuten oder ähnlichen Produkten, gemäß Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch Sensoren zur Messung der Oberfläche (23) die Größe der Oberfläche der Häute (P) im Wesentlichen kontinuierlich erfasst wird, wobei die erfassten Größenwerte im Wesentlichen kontinuierlich an die Steuereinheit (15) übertragen werden, die auch in Abhängigkeit davon automatisch mindestens einen der folgenden Parameter steuert: die Temperatur der Luft in der Trocknungsumgebung (10), die Feuchtigkeit der Luft in der Trocknungsumgebung (10), die Verweilzeit der Häute (P) in der Trocknungsumgebung (10), die Geschwindigkeit der Einführung eines Luftstroms in die Trocknungsumgebung (10).
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Trocknungsumgebung eine Temperatursteuereinrichtung (30) und eine Luftfeuchtigkeitssteuereinrichtung (40) in der Trocknungsumgebung (10) umfasst, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Steuereinheit (15) die Temperatursteuereinrichtung (30) und die Luftfeuchtigkeitsregelungsmittel (40) automatisch reguliert.
  4. Verfahren zur Steuerung des Trocknungsprozesses von Häuten oder ähnlichen Produkten nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die automatische Bestimmung des Abschlusses des Trocknungsprozesses der Häute (P) bei Erreichen eines bestimmten Gewichtswertes vorsieht, der von den Gewichtssensoren (22) erfasst wird, die mit den Trägermitteln (21) verbunden sind, wobei dieser Wert in Abhängigkeit von einem gewünschten Restfeuchtigkeitsgehalt der Häute (P) berechnet wird, der vorher eingestellt werden kann, und zwar am Ende des Trocknungsprozesses.
  5. Verfahren zur Steuerung des Trocknungsprozesses von Häuten nach Anspruch 1, wobei in der Trocknungsumgebung (10) Mittel zur Erzeugung eines Luftstroms (50) in Richtung der Häute (P) vorgesehen sind, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Steuereinheit (15) die Mittel zur Erzeugung eines Luftstroms (50) automatisch regelt.
  6. Verfahren zur Steuerung des Trocknungsprozesses von Häuten nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Trocknungsumgebung (10) Handhabungsmittel (25) der Trägermitteln (21) umfasst, die geeignet sind, die Trägermittel von einem Einlass (11) der Trocknungsumgebung (10) zu einem Auslass (12) der Trocknungsumgebung (10) über einen vorbestimmten Weg zu transportieren, wobei das Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit (15) automatisch die Geschwindigkeit des Transports der Trägermittel (21) durch die Handhabungsmittel (25) regelt.
  7. Trocknungsanlage für Häute in der Gerbereiindustrie, umfassend eine Trocknungsumgebung (10), die eine Vielzahl von Trägermitteln (21) bereitstellt, von denen jedes geeignet ist, eine oder mehrere zu trocknende Häute (P) aufzunehmen, und eine Steuereinheit (15) zum Steuern der Arbeitsparameter der Trocknungsanlage, wobei die Anlage dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass sie umfasst:
    - Gewichtssensoren (22), die mit einem oder mehreren der Trägermittel (21) verbunden und geeignet sind, das Gewicht der damit verbundenen Häute (P) zu erfassen,
    - Kommunikationsmittel (24) vom drahtlosen Typ, die mit jedem der Gewichtssensoren (22) verbunden und geeignet sind, die von den Gewichtssensoren (22) gemessenen Gewichtswerte an die Steuereinheit (15) zu übermitteln,
    wobei die Steuereinheit (15) so konfiguriert ist, dass sie die Betriebsparameter des Trocknungssystems auf der Grundlage der im Wesentlichen kontinuierlich von den Kommunikationsmitteln (24) empfangenen Gewichtswertinformationen automatisch einstellt.
  8. Trocknungsanlage für Häute nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gewichtssensoren (22), die mit den Trägermitteln (21) verbunden sind, Wägezellen umfassen.
  9. Trocknungsanlage für Häute nach Anspruch 7 oder folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anlage Sensoren zur Messung der Oberfläche (23) der Häute (P) umfasst, wobei die Kommunikationsmittel (24) geeignet sind, die von den Sensoren zur Messung der Oberfläche (23) gemessenen Oberflächenwerte an die Steuereinheit (15) zu übermitteln, wobei die mindestens eine Steuereinheit (15) so konfiguriert ist, dass sie die Betriebsparameter der Trocknungsanlage auch in Abhängigkeit von der Messung der Oberfläche der Häute (P), die im Wesentlichen kontinuierlich während des Trocknungsprozesses von den Sensoren zur Messung der Oberfläche (23) erfasst wird, automatisch regelt.
  10. Trocknungsanlage für Häute nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoren zur Messung der Oberfläche (23) mit den Trägermitteln (21) verbunden sind und optische Erfassungssysteme umfassen.
  11. Trocknungsanlage für Häute nach Anspruch 7 oder folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Arbeitsparameter mindestens eines der folgenden umfassen:
    - die Temperatur der Luft in der Trocknungsumgebung (10), die mittels einer Temperatursteuerungseinrichtung (30) konditioniert wird;
    - der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit in der Trocknungsumgebung (10), die mit Hilfe von Luftfeuchtigkeitsregelungsmitteln (40) eingestellt wird;
    - die Geschwindigkeit der Luft über der Oberfläche der Haut (P), die durch die Mittel zur Erzeugung eines Luftstroms (50) geregelt wird;
    - die Trocknungszeit, die durch Handhabungsmittel (25) der Trägermittel (21) geregelt wird, die geeignet sind, die Trägermittel (21) von einem Einlass (11) der Trocknungsumgebung (10) zu einem Auslass (12) der Trocknungsumgebung (10) über einen vorbestimmten Weg zu transportieren.
EP22706388.0A 2021-02-05 2022-02-04 Verfahren zur steuerung des trocknungsprozesses von häuten in der gerbereiindustrie und zugehörige trocknungsanlage Active EP4288570B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT202100002591 2021-02-05
PCT/IB2022/050982 WO2022167988A1 (en) 2021-02-05 2022-02-04 Method of controlling the drying process of hides in the tanning industry and related drying plant

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EP4288570A1 EP4288570A1 (de) 2023-12-13
EP4288570C0 EP4288570C0 (de) 2025-03-26
EP4288570B1 true EP4288570B1 (de) 2025-03-26

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EP22706388.0A Active EP4288570B1 (de) 2021-02-05 2022-02-04 Verfahren zur steuerung des trocknungsprozesses von häuten in der gerbereiindustrie und zugehörige trocknungsanlage

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Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB314738A (en) * 1928-10-17 1929-07-04 Allan Wilfred Randall Improvements in drying
US2102667A (en) * 1936-11-19 1937-12-21 Wesley H Argabrite Leather processing
US4242811A (en) * 1978-01-07 1981-01-06 Sanko Air Plant, Ltd. Thermo-pneumatic unit and apparatus for thermal treatment of travelling flat materials
CH680224A5 (en) * 1990-12-27 1992-07-15 Multiprojects Establishment Air drying chamber for skins and hides - contg. an automatically controlled air conditioning system comprising a heat pump and two heat exchangers

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EP4288570C0 (de) 2025-03-26
EP4288570A1 (de) 2023-12-13

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