EP4279691A1 - Door drive - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a door drive (200) with a freewheel function, comprising a drive mechanism (130) that can be coupled to a door, with a piston element (132) that can be moved axially between an initial position and a locking position, and a closing spring (134) for acting on the piston element (132). Closing direction of the door, and a freewheel (116) for decoupling a movement of the door from a movement of the piston element (132) in the assembled state of the door drive (200), wherein at least reaching the locking position by the piston element (132) activates the freewheel.

Description

The invention relates to a door drive with a freewheel function, having a drive mechanism that can be coupled to a door with a piston element that can be moved axially between an initial position and a locking position, a closer spring for acting on the piston element in the closing direction of the door, and a freewheel for decoupling a movement of the door from a movement of the piston element in the mounted state of the door drive, with at least reaching the locking position by the piston element activating the freewheel.

Purely mechanical door closers with a freewheel function are well known and are used in countless buildings worldwide. When the door equipped with such a purely mechanical freewheeling door closer is opened for the first time, a mechanical energy storage device, generally a closer spring, is pretensioned and held in the pretensioned position and at the same time the freewheeling functionality is activated. As a result, the door can then be moved essentially without resistance and/or barrier-free. After the mechanical energy storage is triggered, for example by a user or an external trigger signal, the mechanical energy stored in the energy storage is used to independently close the door or, if necessary, to keep the door in the closed state. This enables such purely mechanical freewheel door closers to be used in critical areas, for example on fire doors.

Since mechanical energy is stored in the closer spring during the first opening process, this mechanical energy, which is additionally necessary in relation to simply opening the door, must still be applied at least once by the user of the door. However, this can affect certain groups of people or autonomous ones Vehicles, for example young, old and / or physically handicapped people or robots, cause difficulties or even make it completely impossible for them to use a door equipped with such a purely mechanical door closer when the energy storage is not preloaded and the freewheeling functionality is not activated.

In principle, it is possible to arrange a separate drive on the corresponding door in addition to a purely mechanical door closer. However, since both the purely mechanical door closer and the additional drive have to be installed, the mounting positions are often limited and the installation is complex. In addition to the additional costs for such a drive, an increased space requirement is necessary.

Alternatively, fully automatic door drives can also be used. However, the disadvantage of such automatic door drives is that they are more expensive in terms of purchase, installation, maintenance and operation.

It is the object of the present invention to at least partially eliminate the above-described disadvantages of known purely mechanical door closers and known door drives of the prior art. In particular, it is the object of the present invention to create a door drive with freewheeling functionality, in which a driven prestressing of a mechanical energy storage is possible, which at the same time maintains the mechanical closer functionality when the mechanical energy storage is triggered and is also designed to save space and be cost-effective.

The above task is solved by the patent claims. In particular, the task is accomplished by a door drive with the characteristics of the independent Claim 1 solved. Further features and advantages of the door drive according to the invention result from the subclaims, the description and the drawings.

According to the invention, the object is achieved by a door drive with a freewheel function, having a drive mechanism that can be coupled to a door with a piston element that can be moved axially between an initial position and a locking position, a closer spring for acting on the piston element in the closing direction of the door, and a freewheel for decoupling a movement the door from a movement of the piston element in the assembled state of the door drive, with at least reaching the locking position by the piston element activating the freewheel.

The door drive according to the invention is characterized in that the drive mechanism for pretensioning the closer spring comprises an electrical actuating unit with a pulling mechanism, wherein when the electrical actuating unit is actuated, the pulling mechanism pulls the piston element against the force of the closer spring from the starting position into the locking position, in which the actuating unit Piston element is locked, so that due to the activated freewheel in the assembled state of the door drive, the door can be freely moved manually without being acted upon by the closer spring, whereby when a triggering situation occurs, the actuating unit releases the piston element for movement against the deflection direction into the starting position in order to close the door by means the force of the closer spring to close or to keep it in a closed position.

The door drive according to the invention is intended for use on doors and can therefore be used with them and arranged accordingly. Without restricting the function of the door drive according to the invention, assembly on the hinge side or opposite the hinge as well as head assembly on a door lintel or assembly on a door leaf of the door are possible.

Via a drive mechanism of the door drive that is at least partially arranged in a housing or covered by a hood, in particular for example via a closer shaft, a closer lever and / or a lever-slide rail unit, after prestressing the closer spring, this door can be closed automatically by the in the Mechanical energy stored in the closer spring can be made possible. To pretension the closer spring, the piston element can be displaced from a starting position against the force of the closer spring along its deflection direction, whereby mechanical energy is stored in the closer spring.

When the piston element reaches the locking position, the closer spring is compressed and the freewheeling functionality of the door drive according to the invention is activated. In this way, when the door drive according to the invention is assembled, it is possible to decouple a movement of the door from a movement of the piston element. In addition to the completed pretensioning process described above, further options for activating the freewheel can also be provided, for example when a predeterminable opening angle is exceeded when the door is opened manually. To decouple the rotational movements of the door and the linear movement of the piston element, the freewheel is, for example, between a closer shaft, the rotation of which is coupled to the axial movement of the piston element, for example via a meshing engagement of a pinion arranged on the closer shaft in a rack section of the piston element, and mounted on a closer lever. Alternatively, for example, it is also possible to couple the closer shaft with the movement of the piston element via a cam contour present on the closer shaft and a rolling element correspondingly connected to the piston element.

The freewheel enables at least essentially resistance-free movement of the door or the door leaf of the door. After a trigger the closer spring, which represents a mechanical energy storage, for example by a user or an external trigger signal, the stored mechanical energy is used to carry out a closing process of the door independently and in particular without current or without power or, if necessary, to keep the door in the closed state. This enables such door drives to be used in critical areas, for example on fire doors.

According to the invention, the door drive additionally has an electrical actuating unit with a pull mechanism. This actuating unit can, for example, also be arranged in the housing of the door drive or integrated into it. Flanging or a correspondingly designed external arrangement of the actuating unit on the housing of the remaining door drive is also conceivable. The traction mechanism is driven by the electrical actuating unit, which is connected or can be connected to an external and/or internal electrical energy supply. This pulling mechanism is at least temporarily mechanically operatively connected to the piston element and, in particular when there is an active connection to the piston element, can pull it as an output element of the actuating unit against the force of the closer spring, whereby the closer spring is automatically pretensioned. In particular, this prestressing process takes place until the piston element has reached a locking position. The piston element is then locked in this locking position by the actuating unit.

Together with the freewheeling functionality of the door drive according to the invention, locking the piston element in the locking position enables the door to be movable without being acted upon by the closer spring, particularly after the pretensioning process. By appropriately designing the freewheel, the closing spring can be pretensioned by the electrical actuating unit completely decoupled from the door and thus without any movement of the door, for example, by a locking lug that can be easily pushed over. For example, with a closed door, for example with the latch snapped in, or by manually blocking the door opening movement, the mechanical coupling can easily be released when the closer spring is pretensioned by an axial pull on the piston element caused by the actuating unit and the pretensioning caused by the electrical actuating unit The closer spring occurs independently of the rotation of the door. At the same time, such a coupling can make it possible for the door to be opened during the pretensioning process, for example when the door is unlocked and released. This provides, in particular in conjunction with an electrical control of the corresponding locking device of the door, a completely automatic opening of the door, for example for young, old and/or physically disabled people or even for autonomous vehicles. Due to the easy releasability mentioned above, the mechanical coupling can be released at any time during or after the opening process, especially for example from an opening angle of the door of greater than 50°, without great effort and the door can be put into simple freewheeling operation.

Furthermore, it is provided according to the invention that the actuating unit releases the piston element when a triggering situation occurs, for example by corresponding triggering by a user or by receiving internal or external triggering signals. In other words, when the triggering situation occurs, the locking of the piston element in the locking position is released by the actuating unit. At the same time, the closer spring is no longer held and can relax. When the door is open, this causes the mechanical energy stored in the closer spring to trigger a closing movement of the door. In particular, the freewheel is designed accordingly, for example by a positive connection in the closing direction of the door, so that a movement of the piston element against the deflection direction, i.e. in the closing direction from the locking position to the starting position, via the remaining drive mechanism with a Movement of the door, i.e. in particular a closing movement of the door, is coupled. When the door is already closed, the closer spring also moves the piston element into its starting position, in which a drive-effective connection between the closer shaft and the closer lever is then formed via the freewheel in the closing direction of the door. In this way the door is kept in the closed position.

In summary, the door drive according to the invention enables an electrically provided pretensioning of the closer spring and, through the internal locking of the piston element by the actuating unit and by the freewheel, a subsequent actuation of the door without being acted upon by the closer spring. When the door is released, this prestressing of the closer spring can also be accompanied by an electrically powered opening of the door. At the same time, the door drive according to the invention can be used, for example on fire doors, by closing or keeping the door closed when a triggering situation occurs, which can be done, for example, manually and/or automatically and/or due to a power failure. The integration of the actuating unit as a component of the door drive according to the invention also enables a particularly compact and space-saving design.

Preferably, in the door drive according to the invention it can also be provided that even after the piston element has been moved into the locking position by a manual opening movement of the door, the actuating unit locks the piston element in the locking position. Due to the drive-effective connection in the closing direction of the door, already described above and made possible by the freewheel, through which the door can be closed driven by the closer spring, within the drive mechanism, a drive-effective connection is also automatically established when the door is manually opened by the freewheel a, but now the movement of the door is a shift of the piston element against the force of the closer spring. In other words, a manual opening movement of the door automatically shifts the piston element along the deflection direction and thereby biases the closer spring. According to the invention it is now provided that the actuating unit also locks the piston element in the locking position in this case. Thus, even after a manual opening process, the advantages described above, for example the actuation of the door made possible by the freewheel without being acted upon by the closer spring or by closing or keeping the door closed when a triggering situation occurs, can be made possible by the door drive according to the invention.

In addition, the door drive according to the invention can be designed in such a way that the pulling mechanism can be switched between a state that couples the actuating unit and the piston element and a state that decouples the actuating unit and the piston element, the pulling mechanism being in the coupling state when pulling and locking the piston element and when releasing the Piston element assumes the decoupling state, preferably assumes independently. In other words, the pulling mechanism, and thus the actuating unit, can be actively controlled in such a way that a mechanical operative connection can be established and released, for example through a positive engagement or a non-positive frictional connection. In this way, on the one hand, pulling and holding the piston element into its locking position and, on the other hand, releasing the piston element can be carried out particularly easily, safely and, in particular, in a controllable manner. Preferably, the decoupling state can be assumed independently, for example, when the triggering situation occurs, so that the release of the piston element can be ensured, in particular, for example, even in the event of a power failure.

Furthermore, the door drive according to the invention can be designed in such a way that the actuating unit has an electromagnet unit, with the pull mechanism being driven by the The electromagnet unit can be acted upon for a translational movement in the deflection direction, whereby when the electromagnet unit is actuated, the pulling mechanism pulls the piston element from the starting position into the locking position against the force of the closer spring. In this embodiment of the door drive according to the invention, a magnetic force from an electromagnet unit, for example an electric lifting magnet, is used to pull the piston element against the force of the closer spring via the pulling mechanism. Since the electromagnet unit already essentially causes a translational force, the pulling mechanism can be designed to be particularly simple as part of the actuating unit. Since the magnetic force of such an electromagnet unit also expires when a power supply is lost, a release of the piston element can also be made possible and ensured particularly easily when the triggering situation occurs, in particular with regard to a release in the event of a power supply failure of the electrical actuating unit.

Alternatively, in a door drive according to the invention, it can also be provided that the actuating unit has an electric motor unit, wherein the pulling mechanism can be driven by the electric motor unit for converting a rotational movement of the electric motor unit in a biasing direction of rotation into a translational movement in the deflection direction, whereby when the electric motor unit in the preloading direction of rotation, the pulling mechanism pulls the piston element from the starting position into the locking position against the force of the closer spring. In contrast to the embodiment described in the previous paragraph, an electric motor unit, which is connected or can be connected to an external and/or internal electrical energy supply, is provided and drives the train mechanism. The motor unit can also be designed together with a gearbox as a combined geared motor unit. The pull mechanism is at least temporarily mechanically connected to both the motor unit and the piston element and can in particular convert the rotational movement in the preload direction of rotation, which the motor unit provides, into a translational movement of the piston element in the deflection direction. If there is an active connection with the piston element, this is pulled by the pulling mechanism against the force of the closer spring when the motor unit is running, whereby the closer spring is automatically pre-tensioned. In particular, this prestressing process takes place until the piston element has reached a locking position. In this locking position, the piston element is then locked by the actuating unit, in particular, for example, by the pulling mechanism and/or by the electric motor unit.

The door drive according to the invention can also be characterized in that the pull mechanism has a drive shaft that can be rotatably driven by the electric motor unit, a tubular coupling element connected to the piston element, in particular in one piece, and a nut element arranged between the drive shaft and the coupling element and axially displaceable on a drive section of the drive shaft has, wherein to form a threaded connection, the coupling element has an internal thread and the nut element has a corresponding external thread or the nut element has an internal thread and the drive section has a corresponding external thread. Electric motor units preferably provide a rotating drive on their output side, in addition to alternative configurations, for example as linear motors. On the other hand, the axial movement of the piston element is a linear movement. A threaded connection makes it particularly easy to convert a rotational movement into a linear movement, and high forces can also be transmitted.

A drive shaft driven by the motor unit provides the rotating input movement for the threaded connection, and the coupling element connected to the piston element provides the linear output movement to be transmitted to the piston element. Between the drive shaft and the coupling element a mother element is provided. Without restricting functionality, the threaded connection can be provided between the coupling element and the nut element or between the nut element and the drive section of the drive shaft. In the first case, for the displacement of the piston element, the nut element is rotatably mounted on the drive section and is axially fixed at least against the deflection direction, so that when the drive section rotates, the nut element also rotates and pulls the coupling element in the deflection direction via the threaded connection. In the second case, for the displacement of the piston element, the nut element is mounted on the coupling element in a rotationally fixed manner and at least in the deflection direction, so that when the drive section rotates, in which the nut element moves along the drive section in the deflection direction via the threaded connection, the coupling element with the nut element in the deflection direction is drawn.

Preferably, the door drive according to the invention can be designed in such a way that the pulling mechanism has a holding device for fixing the nut element on the drive section in a first holding position and a second holding position at least counter to the direction of rotation radially and at least axially against the direction of deflection, with the piston element assuming its initial position, the nut element can be fixed in the first holding position by the holding device, wherein, when the nut element is fixed in the first holding position, the actuation of the electric motor unit in the biasing direction of rotation pulls the piston element into the locking position and then the actuating unit locks the closer piston in the locking position, and wherein at unactuated motor unit and after a movement of the piston element into the locking position by a manual opening movement, the nut element can be fixed in the second holding position by the holding device, wherein when the nut element is fixed in the second holding position, the actuating unit locks the piston element in the locking position. Through the holding device The nut element can therefore be fixed particularly easily on the drive section in two holding positions, which are spaced apart from one another in particular axially along the deflection direction and the first holding position is preferably arranged closer to the piston element along the deflection direction. The first holding position is preferably positioned on the drive section in such a way that the nut element can be fixed in a position that corresponds to a position of the piston element when the door is closed. The second holding position in turn is preferably positioned on the drive section in such a way that the nut element can be fixed in a position that corresponds to a position of the piston element when the door is open, in particular completely open. In this way, it can be made possible particularly simply and effectively, on the one hand by fixing the nut element in the first holding position, to pretension and then lock the closer spring or the piston element with the door closed, and on the other hand by fixing the nut element in the second holding position, which after a in particular manual opening of the door and the associated movement of the piston element is possible, locking the closer spring or the piston element is also possible when the door is opened manually. Since in both cases the respective fixation of the nut element is released when a triggering situation occurs, the piston element is released and the door is thus closed or kept closed, the use of the door drive according to the invention on fire doors can therefore also be used particularly easily and safely thanks to the presence of such a holding device be made possible.

In an embodiment of the door drive according to the invention, it can further be provided that the holding device has a first holding element and a second holding element, the two holding elements being arranged or mounted at a distance from one another on the drive section along the deflection direction and each between an engagement position in which the nut element is in the first Holding position or the second holding position can be fixed to the drive section, and a release position in which the fixation of the nut element is released from the drive section can be switched. In other words, there are two holding elements in the holding device, whose relative position to the nut element can each be actively changed. This switching makes it possible to change the two holding elements between their engaged position and release position in a controlled and variable manner, in particular by means of a further actuator. Both the fixing of the nut element in one of the two holding positions and the subsequent release can be made particularly safe in this way and can also be carried out in a particularly easy and controlled manner. The functional reliability of the door drive according to the invention, especially when used on a fire door, can thereby be increased, in particular ensured or guaranteed.

The door drive according to the invention can preferably be designed in such a way that when the first holding element assumes its engaged position, the nut element can be fixed in the first holding position by positive engagement of the first holding element in an engagement receptacle of the nut element, whereby when the second holding element assumes its engaged position, this Nut element can be fixed in the second holding position by positive engagement of the second holding element in the engagement receptacle of the nut element. In other words, the engagement receptacle of the nut element and the first or two holding elements have corresponding surfaces. The positions of the holding elements on the drive section of the drive shaft are therefore selected such that they correspond to the first and second holding positions of the nut element. The engagement receptacle of the nut element enables, in particular, that both the first holding element and the second holding element can engage in a form-fitting manner. For this purpose, the intervention holder can be used as a one-piece holder with an appropriate size, or alternatively as a multi-part holder Recording at the appropriate locations of the mother element can be provided. The arrangement of the holding elements according to the invention is particularly advantageous in that when the piston element and the coupling element connected to it move axially, the nut element also moves axially, but the drive shaft and thus the holding elements arranged and mounted on it do not. A spatial assignment of the first holding element for an interaction with the nut element in its first holding position and at the same time of the second holding element for an interaction with the nut element in its second holding position can be made possible and ensured in a particularly simple manner in this way. In this case, the first holding element can particularly preferably be provided for holding or locking the piston element after a pull caused by the actuating unit into its locking position, the second holding element, in contrast, can be provided accordingly after the piston element has been moved into the locking position due to a manually caused door opening. In other words, the design described above makes it possible to lock the piston element in its locking position, regardless of how the piston element has been brought into its locking position.

Particularly preferably, the door drive according to the invention can be further developed in such a way that the two holding elements are designed as locking pawls that can be set up in a particularly switchable manner or as ball locking pins that can be extended in a particularly switchable manner. This list is not exhaustive, so that further configurations of switchable holding elements are also possible. In particular, the appropriate holding elements can be selected for different door drives with different requirements.

In addition, in the door drive according to the invention it can be provided that the first holding element and the second holding element are arranged on the drive section without a circumferential offset from one another. This way you can be made possible that the engagement receptacle of the nut element can be formed in one piece. Furthermore, the size of this engagement receptacle can even be minimized since the two holding elements are arranged on the drive section of the drive shaft without any circumferential offset and therefore axially aligned. Structural stability of the mother element can thereby be increased, in particular secured.

The door drive according to the invention can also be characterized in that the holding device has a lifting actuator, preferably an electro-magnetic lifting actuator, as well as a lifting rod which is supported by the drive shaft, in particular the drive section, and can be displaced along the deflection direction by the lifting actuator, the two holding elements preferably together can be switched between their engaged position and their release position by the lifting rod.

In other words, in this embodiment the two holding elements are switched by a single, common lifting actuator. Preferably and particularly simply, the lifting actuator can be designed as an electromagnetic lifting actuator with a correspondingly switchable electromagnet. The two holding elements are switched via a lifting rod, whereby the two holding elements can preferably be switched together and thus simultaneously. A separate actuator for each of the two holding elements is therefore not necessary and can therefore be avoided. Through a correspondingly adapted design of the drive shaft, in particular of the drive section, the lifting rod is slidably mounted on the drive shaft. In particular, the lifting rod makes it possible for the actual lifting actuator to be arranged away from the holding elements. A particularly compact structure of the actuating unit and thus of the entire door drive according to the invention can thus be made possible.

The door drive according to the invention can preferably be further developed in such a way that the lifting actuator has an adjusting spring acting on the lifting rod along the deflection direction, the adjusting spring exerting a force on the two holding elements in the direction of their respective release position via the lifting rod. In other words, without activation, the lifting actuator, and thus the entire actuating unit, is held by the adjusting spring in a state in which the holding elements are arranged in their release position and thus a fixation of the nut element in one of the holding positions is released. This has the particular advantage that after pretensioning the closer spring and locking the piston element in its locking position, both by the electric motor unit and manually, in the event of a power failure, which can be accompanied by the occurrence of a triggering situation or can even represent one Release of the piston element for movement against the deflection direction, and thus in the closing direction, into the starting position takes place safely. As a result, when the triggering situation occurs, the door is closed or kept in a closed position even without an external power supply.

Furthermore, in the door drive according to the invention it can be provided that the two holding elements are spring-loaded on one side in the direction of their engagement position, whereby the holding elements are reversibly released by the nut element, in particular when the motor unit is not actuated and after the piston element has been moved into the locking position by a manual opening movement the respective engagement position can be moved in the direction of their release position. During operation of the door drive according to the invention, situations can occur in which the nut element moves in the deflection direction and passes over the axial position of one of the holding elements. This can, for example, be the second holding element in a manually carried out opening process. Another example is the situation after a motor preload and a subsequent release of the piston element, in which the nut element at the end of the movement of the piston element into its starting position is located axially between the piston element and the first holding element. By designing the holding elements with a spring-loaded preload in the direction of their engagement position, it can be made possible for the nut element to easily move over the position of the respective holding element when it moves in the deflection direction along the drive shaft and thereby presses the holding element from the engagement position into the release position. Subsequently, i.e. when the nut element has passed the position of the holding element, the holding element automatically returns to its engagement position and full functionality, in particular with regard to possible engagement of the holding element in the engagement receptacle of the nut element, is restored.

The door drive according to the invention can also be designed in such a way that, in order to reset the actuating unit, the drive section extends against the deflection direction beyond the first holding element to such a extent that after the nut element has been released from the first holding position and the subsequent movement of the piston element against the deflection direction the starting position, the nut element continues to be mounted on the drive section in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner. As already described above, after a motor preload and a subsequent release of the piston element at the end of the movement of the piston element, the nut element is in its starting position axially between the piston element and the first holding element. By means of an axially displaceable and at the same time rotationally fixed mounting of the nut element on the drive section, which for this storage is correspondingly extended beyond the first holding element against the deflection direction, it can be made possible that when the drive section rotates, the nut element also rotates and through the threaded connection in the deflection direction of the drive section is moved. A reset or Resetting the actuating unit to its basic state, for which the nut element is in particular brought back into its first holding position, can thereby be made particularly easy.

Furthermore, in the door drive according to the invention it can be provided that the drive section has an axially constant, non-circular cross section, with a central opening of the nut element being adapted to the cross section of the drive shaft and thereby the nut element being mounted on the drive shaft in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner. Due to the non-circular cross section of the drive section and the central opening of the nut element adapted to it, the nut element is supported in a form-fitting manner on the drive section when the drive shaft rotates and thus follows the rotation of the drive shaft. Since the cross section of the drive section is also axially constant, an axial displacement of the nut element on the drive section is possible as an alternative or simultaneously to the rotational drive. All of the functionalities described above, in particular both the motor-driven pulling and the manual displacement of the piston element along the deflection direction as well as the resetting of the actuating unit, can be made possible particularly easily and safely by these mutually adapted configurations of the cross section of the drive section and the central opening of the nut element.

In an alternative embodiment of the door drive according to the invention, it can be designed in such a way that the two holding elements are designed as holding projections, in particular each with a radial stop surface and an axial stop surface, which are provided in a radially projecting manner on the drive section and are arranged axially and circumferentially offset from one another on the drive section are. In this alternative embodiment, the holding elements of the holding device are fixedly arranged on the drive section. Both of them can do this Holding projections as such can preferably be designed identically. The holding projections are provided as holding elements for positive engagement in the engagement receptacle of the nut element. The axial offset of the two holding projections is preferably selected such that the first holding projection, which is positioned closer to the piston element on the drive section and thereby corresponds to the first holding element, is assigned to the first holding position of the nut element, and correspondingly the second holding projection, which is further away on the drive section is positioned by the piston element and thereby corresponds to the second holding element, which is assigned to the second holding position of the nut element. In particular, the holding elements are formed by holding projections, i.e. by areas in which elements protrude radially beyond the otherwise existing cross section of the drive section. This means that the arrangement or alignment of these holding projections with respect to the drive section is fixed and cannot be actively switched. A complex switching mechanism for switching the holding elements between their engaged position and their release position can therefore be dispensed with.

Furthermore, in the door drive according to the invention it can be provided that the holding projections can be switched between the release position and the engagement position by rotating the drive shaft. In this embodiment too, active switching between the two positions of the holding elements can be realized, even without the two holding projections that form the holding elements themselves being designed to be switchable. In particular, because the drive shaft can be set in rotation directly by the electric motor unit, this switching between the positions of the holding elements can be made possible completely without additional actuators.

Particularly preferably, the door drive according to the invention can be designed in such a way that the holding projections move from the release position into the engaged position when the drive shaft rotates in the preloading direction of rotation and when a Rotation of the drive shaft against the preloading direction from the engaged position into the release position can be adjusted. As already described above, when the nut element is fixed in its first holding position, the piston element can be pulled from the starting position into its locking position by rotating the drive shaft in the preloading direction. Due to the preferred embodiment that a rotation of the drive shaft in the preloading direction also brings about a movement of the holding projections from the release position into the engagement position in which the nut element can be fixed in one of its holding positions, the nut element can thus be fixed in particular in the first holding position is necessary for pulling the piston element, automatically made possible before the start of pulling and can be ensured particularly easily. With a nut element in the second holding position, the rotation of the drive section in the preloading direction also causes the corresponding holding projection to engage in the engagement receptacle of the nut element and thus also lock the piston element in its locking position.

Furthermore, it can be provided in the door drive according to the invention that the engagement receptacle of the nut element has a stop section for the holding projections, in particular with a radial stop area and an axial stop area, the stop section being contactable in a radially and axially form-fitting manner in its engagement position by the holding projection forming the first holding element and thereby the nut element can be fixed in its first holding position, and wherein the stop section can be contacted radially and axially in a form-fitting manner in its engagement position by the holding projection forming the second holding element and the nut element can thereby be fixed in its second holding position. The stop section of the engagement receptacle can in particular enable both axial and radial abutment of the respective holding projection in the engagement receptacle. The radial striking causes the nut element to be taken along when the drive shaft rotates, particularly in the preloading direction of rotation, which causes axial striking an axial fixation of the nut element on the drive section, which acts in particular against the deflection direction. In other words, with a first holding section in its engaged position, the nut element can be driven by the drive shaft for rotation in the preloading direction of rotation, at the same time an axial movement of the nut element is prevented and thus automatically the coupling element and the piston element connected to it are pulled in the deflection direction via the threaded connection and then can be locked in its locking position and held. The locking of the piston element in its locking position can also be made possible after a deflection by a manual opening movement of the door by the axial abutment of the second holding projection on the axial stop region of the engagement receptacle of the nut element.

In a further developed embodiment, it can further be provided in the door drive according to the invention that the holding projections are arranged on the drive section so circumferentially offset from one another that in a rotational position of the drive shaft, in which the holding projection forming the first holding element is arranged in a form-fitting contact on the stop section in its engagement position , the holding projection forming the second holding element is in its release position, and vice versa. The circumferential offset can in particular ensure that after a release from the second holding position, i.e. after a manual deflection of the piston element into its locking position, the nut element is automatically in the first holding position with the first holding projection in after the piston element has moved back into its starting position is arranged in its engagement position. A complex realignment of the actuating unit can be avoided in this way. Conversely, with the nut element in its first holding position and the first holding projection in its engaged position, the nut element can be lifted in the deflection direction from the first holding projection without the second Holding projection blocks this movement of the nut element along the drive section. A manual opening of the door beyond the locking position of the piston element and/or a manually carried out and faster opening of the door compared to the motor-driven opening process is also possible without hindrance from the holding projections.

In addition, the door drive according to the invention can be further developed in such a way that the axial stop area of the stop section and the axial stop surface of the holding projection, which forms the first holding element, and the axial stop surface of the holding projection, which forms the second holding element, are aligned perpendicular to the deflection direction. The positive contact of the axial stop area on one of the two axial stop surfaces causes, among other things, a locking of the piston element in its locking position and in this case is the main point of application of the force stored in the closer spring. By aligning the axial stop area and the axial stop surface of the corresponding holding projection perpendicular to the deflection direction, it can be ensured that no or at least only an insignificant force acts on the drive shaft in the direction of rotation. In order to prevent rotation of the drive shaft, and thus to hold the corresponding holding projection in its engaged position, no or only a very small force must be generated by the electric motor unit. When a triggering situation occurs, the drive shaft is actively rotated by the electric motor unit, thereby ending the engagement of the corresponding holding projection in the engagement receptacle of the nut element.

Alternatively, in the door drive according to the invention, it can be provided that the axial stop area of the stop section and the axial stop surface of the holding projection, which forms the first holding element, and the axial stop surface of the holding projection, which forms the second holding element, are oblique, in particular at an angle between 30 ° and smaller 90°, preferably between 60° and 85° Deflection direction are aligned. In contrast to the embodiment described above, in this embodiment of the door drive according to the invention it is provided that the alignment of the axial stop area and the axial stop surface of the corresponding holding projection is oblique, in particular at an angle between 30° and less than 90°, preferably between 60° and 85° , to the direction of deflection, a non-negligible part of the force stored in the closing spring acts on the drive shaft in the direction of rotation at all times. In order to prevent rotation of the drive shaft, and thus to hold the corresponding holding projection in its engaged position, a corresponding counterforce must be continuously generated by the electric motor unit in order to prevent unwanted rotation of the drive shaft. At the same time, however, this can be exploited when a triggering situation occurs, since the counterforce generated by the electric motor unit can then simply be ended and the drive shaft then rotates, driven by the closer spring, and the engagement of the corresponding holding projection in the engagement receptacle of the nut element is thereby automatically terminated. In particular, this has the advantage that even in the event of a power failure, which can be accompanied by the occurrence of a triggering situation or can even represent such, the piston element is automatically released for movement against the deflection direction, and thus in the closing direction, into the starting position. As a result, when the triggering situation occurs, the door is closed or kept in a closed position even without an external power supply.

According to a further embodiment, the door drive according to the invention can further have that for resetting the actuating unit, the holding projection forming the first holding element is axially extended counter to the deflection direction to such an extent that after the nut element has been released from the first holding position and the subsequent movement of the piston element against the Deflection direction into the starting position, the nut element at least in one Rotation of the drive shaft in the preloading direction is mounted in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner on the drive section. In this embodiment of the door drive according to the invention, too, the nut element is located axially between the piston element and the first holding element after a motor preload and a subsequent release of the piston element at the end of the movement of the piston element in its starting position. By means of an axially displaceable and at the same time rotationally fixed mounting of the nut element on the drive section, whose first holding element, i.e. the first holding projection, is extended accordingly against the deflection direction for this storage, it can be made possible that when the drive section rotates, the nut element also rotates and through the Threaded connection is moved in the deflection direction along the drive section. In this embodiment too, resetting or resetting the actuating unit to its basic state, for which the nut element is brought back into its first holding position, can be made particularly easy.

The door drive according to the invention can also be designed in such a way that the actuating unit has a rotatably mounted contour sleeve which is secured against axial movement along the deflection direction and has a guide contour and a guide pin which is firmly connected to the piston element and engages in the guide contour, the guide contour together with the guide pin forms a type of ballpoint pen mechanism, wherein the type of ballpoint pen mechanism locks the piston element in the locking position after a movement of the piston element into the locking position caused by a manual opening movement or caused by the electric motor unit, and when a triggering situation occurs after a movement of the piston element caused by the electric motor unit in the deflection direction, the piston element releases for movement against the deflection direction into the starting position. This type of ballpoint pen mechanism makes it possible in particular for the piston element to be particularly simple and, in particular, without the electric motor unit must be operated is held in its locking position. When a triggering situation occurs, the drive shaft is actively rotated by the electric motor unit and the piston element is thereby pulled again and further in the deflection direction, as a result of which the type of ballpoint pen mechanism releases the piston element for movement against the deflection direction into the starting position. In this way, closing of the door can be ensured if a triggering situation occurs. Since in particular the entire holding of the piston element in its locking position, in particular regardless of whether it has reached this locking position driven by a motor or manually, is effected by the type of ballpoint pen mechanism, the remaining pull mechanism, for example the threaded connection, can be designed to be particularly simple mechanically.

Furthermore, the door drive according to the invention can be characterized in that the freewheel has a freewheel stop arranged on a closer shaft, in particular on a freewheel cam, and a freewheel pin arranged on a closer lever and resting laterally on the freewheel stop in the closed position of the door and when the motor unit is not actuated, the freewheel stop is taken along by the freewheel pin during a manual opening movement and lifts off from the freewheel pin when the piston element is pulled by the actuating unit into its locking position, or vice versa. Both configurations of the freewheel enable prestressing of the closer spring caused by the electrical actuating unit to take place completely decoupled from the door and thus without any movement of the door. For this purpose, the element of the freewheel arranged on the closer shaft lifts off from the element of the freewheel arranged on the closer lever when the piston element is moved in its locking position by a motor. As already stated above, it can also be provided that the freewheel optionally has an easily releasable mechanical coupling of the rotation of the closer shaft with the movement of the Closer lever made possible, for example by a locking lug that can be easily pushed over. In this way, in particular in conjunction with an electrical control of the corresponding locking device of the door, a completely automatic opening of the door can be made possible, for example for young, old and/or physically handicapped people or even for autonomous vehicles. Due to the easy releasability mentioned above, the mechanical coupling can be released at any time during or after the opening process without great effort and the door can be put into simple free-wheeling operation.

The door drive according to the invention can also be designed in such a way that in the assembled state of the door drive, the locking position of the piston element corresponds to an opening angle of the door between 0° and 180°, in particular between 75° and 105°, preferably 90°. By opening the door to an opening angle of 50° to 180°, in particular 75° to 105°, preferably 90°, with the closer spring pre-tensioned, a sufficiently large angular range for the door operated in freewheeling can be made possible for the door to be opened. This opening angle of the door, which corresponds to the locking position of the piston element, can be the maximum opening angle of the door, but can also correspond to a smaller opening angle.

Furthermore, in the door drive according to the invention it can be provided that the triggering situation occurs in the event of a power failure and/or in the presence of triggering signals, in particular in an emergency situation, in particular in the event of a fire. Trigger signals can also be generated, for example, by sensors installed in the door drive according to the invention, for example smoke sensors, heat sensors or the like. Alternatively or additionally, external sensors and/or control systems can also be used as a source of trigger signals. A manual triggering is possible at any time regardless of this. By classifying a power failure as the occurrence of a triggering situation It can be avoided that a lack of activation of the door drive according to the invention due to the loss of a power supply leads to a failure of the emergency closing properties of the door drive according to the invention.

In the door drive according to the invention, it can also be provided that the actuating unit comprises control and/or regulating electronics for receiving trigger signals and, based on this, for controlling and/or regulating the electrical actuating unit. In other words, in this embodiment of the door drive according to the invention, the control and/or regulating electronics are integrated into the door drive. The triggering and/or controlled implementation of the function of the actuating unit can therefore be carried out directly by the door drive according to the invention. External control devices that are spatially separated from the door drive can thus be avoided, whereby interruptions in communication connections, which can in particular be wired and/or wireless, between the door drive according to the invention and external control devices, which cannot be ruled out, in particular in the event of a fire, can be avoided as a source of error .

Furthermore, the door drive according to the invention can be designed in such a way that the actuating unit comprises an electrical energy storage for releasing the piston element at least once for a movement against the deflection direction into the starting position when the triggering situation occurs. Particularly when using the door drive according to the invention on a fire protection door, it is necessary to sufficiently ensure that the door is closed or kept closed in the event of a fire. This security for the closing process or keeping the door closed can be significantly increased by an electrical energy storage in which sufficient electrical energy is stored for at least one release of the piston element for a movement against the deflection direction into the starting position. Also In the event of an immediate failure of an external electrical energy supply of the door drive according to the invention, the door can be closed or kept closed, especially in embodiments of the door drive that require an active release of the closing movement, for example by using a type of ballpoint pen mechanism.

Particularly preferably, the door drive according to the invention can be further developed in such a way that the electrical energy storage provides sufficient electrical energy to enable the piston element to be moved into its locking position against the force of the closer spring at least once, in addition to releasing the piston element at least once. This configuration allows, for example, when using a door drive according to the invention on a fire door, even after a fire is triggered in the event of a fire, which leads to the fire door being closed, the fire door can be opened again at least once, for example for young, old and / or physically to provide an escape route for restricted persons.

In addition, the door drive according to the invention can be characterized in that the electrical actuating unit is arranged at least partially, preferably completely, in series with the piston element and/or the closer spring in the deflection direction of the piston element. In other words, an arrangement of the various elements of the door drive according to the invention in a row along the deflection direction means that these corresponding elements of the door drive, in particular the entire electrical actuating unit or at least the pull mechanism, as well as the piston element and/or the closer spring, are arranged next to one another along the deflection direction , whereby the individual elements can also overlap each other. The property of the actuating unit to be able to pull and also hold the piston element of the door drive according to the invention against the force of the closer spring in the deflection direction can be realized in a particularly simple and compact manner in this way.

In one embodiment, the door drive according to the invention can be characterized in that the closer spring is designed as a helical spring and at least parts of the pull mechanism are arranged inside the closer spring. Coil springs are particularly preferred configurations of closer springs because they have a cavity inside. By arranging at least parts of the pull mechanism in this cavity, a particularly compact structure of the entire door drive according to the invention can be made possible.

The invention is described below with reference to figures. Elements with the same function and mode of operation are given the same reference numbers in the figures.

Fig. 1

einen erfindungsgemäßen Türantrieb mit Abdeckhaube in einer Außenansicht,

Fig. 2

eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Türantriebs in einer Schnittansicht,

Fig. 3

die Stelleinheit des in Fig. 2 gezeigten Türantriebs,

Fig. 4

Detailansichten der Haltevorrichtung der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Stelleinheit während eines manuellen Vorspannens der Schließerfeder,

Fig. 5

Detailansichten der Haltevorrichtung der in Fig. 3 gezeigten Stelleinheit während eines motorischen Vorspannens der Schließerfeder,

Fig. 6

eine Stelleinheit einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Türantriebs,

Fig. 7

Detailansichten der Haltevorrichtung der in Fig. 6 gezeigten Stelleinheit während eines manuellen Vorspannens der Schließerfeder,

Fig. 8

Detailansichten der Haltevorrichtung der in Fig. 6 gezeigten Stelleinheit während eines motorischen Vorspannens der Schließerfeder,

Fig. 9

eine Stelleinheit einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Türantriebs,

Fig. 10

Detailansichten des Mutterelements und des Antriebsabschnitts der in Fig. 9 gezeigten Stelleinheit,

Fig. 11

Detailansichten der Haltevorrichtung der in Fig. 9 gezeigten Stelleinheit während eines manuellen Vorspannens der Schließerfeder,

Fig. 12

Detailansichten der Haltevorrichtung der in Fig. 9 gezeigten Stelleinheit während eines motorischen Vorspannens der Schließerfeder,

Fig. 13

Elemente einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Türantriebs, und

Fig. 14

Detailansichten der in Fig. 13 gezeigten Mechanik nach Art einer Kugelschreibermechanik während eines Vorspannens der Schließerfeder.

It shows schematically:

Fig. 1

a door drive according to the invention with a cover in an external view,

Fig. 2

an embodiment of the door drive according to the invention in a sectional view,

Fig. 3

the actuating unit of the in Fig. 2 door drive shown,

Fig. 4

Detailed views of the holding device in Fig. 3 the actuating unit shown during manual pretensioning of the closer spring,

Fig. 5

Detailed views of the holding device in Fig. 3 the actuating unit shown during a motorized pretensioning of the closer spring,

Fig. 6

an actuating unit of a further embodiment of the door drive according to the invention,

Fig. 7

Detailed views of the holding device in Fig. 6 the actuating unit shown during manual pretensioning of the closer spring,

Fig. 8

Detailed views of the holding device in Fig. 6 the actuating unit shown during a motorized pretensioning of the closer spring,

Fig. 9

an actuating unit of a further embodiment of the door drive according to the invention,

Fig. 10

Detailed views of the nut element and the drive section of the in Fig. 9 actuator shown,

Fig. 11

Detailed views of the holding device in Fig. 9 the actuating unit shown during manual pretensioning of the closer spring,

Fig. 12

Detailed views of the holding device in Fig. 9 the actuating unit shown during a motorized pretensioning of the closer spring,

Fig. 13

Elements of a further embodiment of a door drive according to the invention, and

Fig. 14

Detailed views of the in Fig. 13 Mechanism shown in the manner of a ballpoint pen mechanism during preloading of the closer spring.

Fig. 1 shows a door drive 200 according to the invention in an external view. The housing 110 of the door drive 200 is enclosed by a cover. On On one side, as shown, for example on the top, of the door drive 200, there is a recess in the cover, and not visible in the housing 110, for a closer shaft 112, which is inside the housing 110 with a drive mechanism 130 (see for example Fig. 2 ) is coupled to pass through. The closer shaft 112 in turn is at least temporarily connected to a closer lever 114 in a driving manner in order to enable the drive mechanism 130 to be coupled to a door. The door drive 200 according to the invention can be mounted on a door leaf or a door lintel, as well as on the hinge side or opposite the hinge, as required.

A freewheel 116 is formed between the closer shaft 112 and the closer lever 114 in the door drive 200 according to the invention. As shown, the freewheel 116 can, for example, comprise a freewheel stop 118 designed as a freewheel cam 120, which is connected to the closer shaft 112 in a rotationally fixed manner, and a freewheel pin 122 which is arranged on the closer lever 114. If necessary, a reverse arrangement, i.e. the freewheel pin 122 on the closer shaft 112 and the freewheel stop 118 on the closer lever 114, is also conceivable. Overall, the freewheel 116 makes it possible for the door to move independently of a movement of the closer shaft 112 after an internal preloading process of the drive mechanism 130 and thus without being acted upon by a closer spring 134 of the drive mechanism 130 (cf. again for example Fig. 2 ) can be done.

In Fig. 2 a possible embodiment of a door drive 200 according to the invention is shown in a sectional view in the plane spanned by a deflection direction 136 of a piston element 132 and the closer shaft 112. The drive mechanism 130 is particularly visible in the sectional view. The closer shaft 112 passes through the piston element 132 and is connected to it in a driving manner, so that a rotation of the closer shaft 112 results in an axial displacement of the piston element 132 along the deflection direction 136 leads. Furthermore, the closing spring 134 is arranged on the piston element 132 in the deflection direction 136, which is compressed when the piston element 132 is displaced axially, whereby mechanical energy can be stored. This stored mechanical energy is used to push the piston element 132 back into its starting position and thereby via the closer shaft 112 and, for example, in Fig. 1 shown closer lever 114 to close the door coupled to the door drive 200 according to the invention.

The door drive 200 according to the invention, in particular the drive mechanism 130, has, in addition to the usual components of purely mechanical door closers described above, an actuating unit 10 with a pull mechanism 20, which is also shown in the sectional view Fig. 2 are visible. In particular, the actuating unit 10 shown has an electric motor unit 12 for driving the pulling mechanism 20. In an alternative and not shown embodiment, the actuating unit 10 can also have an electromagnet unit for driving or acting on the pulling mechanism 20.

The motor unit 12 in particular has control and/or regulating electronics 14, which is designed and provided in particular for receiving trigger signals when a triggering situation occurs and, based on this, for controlling and/or controlled operation of the electrical actuating unit 10. The control and/or regulating electronics 14 can also preferably operate the actuating unit 10 in a controlled manner during the remaining operation of the door drive 200 according to the invention, for example for opening the door by pulling the piston element 132 into its locking position. As shown, the closer spring 134 of the door drive 200 can preferably be designed as a helical spring, whereby at least parts of the pull mechanism 20, which, like the motor unit 12 of the actuating unit 10, is arranged in series along the deflection direction 136 with the piston element 132, are arranged inside the closer spring 134 can be. A particularly compact structure of the door drive 200 according to the invention is thereby possible.

By means of the pulling mechanism 20, which is arranged between the motor unit 12 and the piston element 132, a rotational movement of the electric motor unit 12 in a biasing direction of rotation can be converted into a pulled movement of the piston element 132 in the deflection direction 136. For this purpose, the pulling mechanism 20 can be switched between a state that couples the electric motor unit 12 and the piston element 132 and a state that decouples the electric motor unit 12 and the piston element 132. In particular, in the coupling state of the pulling mechanism 20, the piston element 132 can be moved from an initial position by the actuating unit 10, as shown in Fig. 2 is shown, pulled into a locking position and then locked in this locking position. In other words, the closer spring 134 can be biased by a motor. After the pre-tensioning process, the in Fig. 1 Freewheel 116 shown that a door coupled to the door drive 200 can be operated without being acted upon by the force of the closer spring 134. As an alternative to motorized pretensioning, the closer spring 134 can also be compressed via a manually triggered opening movement when a user walks through the door, which also leads to a displacement of the piston element 132 along the deflection direction 136. In this case, the actuating unit 10, in particular as described below via a lifting actuator 90, also ensures that the piston element 132 is locked in its locking position.

As described above, when the piston element 132 is locked in its locking position, the closer spring 134 is pretensioned and mechanical energy is stored in the closer spring 134. This can be used in the event of a triggering situation, such as a fire or power failure, to close the door or hold it in a closed position. For this purpose, for example, the control and/or regulating electronics 14 of the actuating unit 10 can receive trigger signals and, based on this, control the pulling mechanism 20 in order to switch the pulling mechanism 20 into the decoupling state, for example as described below by deactivating the preferably magnetic lifting actuator 90, and thus releasing the locking of the piston element 132. As a result, the piston element 132 is released for movement against the deflection direction 136 into the starting position. In particular, in this way the door is closed or held in a closed position by means of the force of the closer spring 134.

Also, as shown, an electrical energy storage device 16, for example a battery, an accumulator or a capacitor, can be provided as part of the control and/or regulating electronics 14 or in addition to this in order to ensure that the locking of the piston element 132 is released at least once. This is particularly necessary in embodiments of the door drive 200 according to the invention, in which simply switching off a component does not automatically lead to a release of the piston element 132, see here Fig. 13 , 14 and the associated description. Overall, these features and properties enable the use of a door drive 200 according to the invention in safety-relevant areas, for example on a fire door.

The elements of the door drive 200 according to the invention described above are essentially present in all embodiments of the door drive 200 according to the invention. The above description is therefore to be understood as a general description of the door drive 200 according to the invention. The individual embodiments of the door drive 200 according to the invention differ in particular in the embodiment of the actuating unit 10 used in each case, in particular its pull mechanism 20. The in Fig. 2 The pulling mechanism 20 shown will be described below in particular with reference to Fig. 3 to 5 described in detail.

The ones in the Fig. 2 to 5 The pulling mechanism 20 of the actuating unit 10 shown has, in addition to the electric motor unit 12 and its control and/or regulating electronics 14, a drive shaft 30, which can be driven rotationally by the motor unit 12, in particular in or against a preloading direction of rotation. On a drive section 32 of the drive shaft 30, a nut element 50 is mounted in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner, the drive shaft 30 passing through a central opening 60 of the nut element 50. In particular, the drive section 32 has an axially constant and non-circular cross section 34, with the central opening 60 of the nut element 50 being adapted to the cross section 34 of the drive shaft 30. This leads to the above-mentioned rotationally fixed and at the same time axially displaceable mounting of the nut element 50 on the drive section 32.

A coupling element 40, which is attached to the piston element 132 (cf. Fig. 2 ) arranged and preferably formed in one piece or even in one piece with this, represents a further element of the pulling mechanism 20. Here, the nut element 50 is equipped with an external thread 24, the coupling element 40 with a corresponding internal thread 22. The threaded connection formed thereby enables the rotational movement of the drive shaft 30 to be converted into an axial movement of the coupling element 40 and thus of the piston element 132 along the deflection direction 136.

In particular, the one in the Fig. 2 to 5 illustrated pulling mechanism 20 has a holding device 70 for radially fixing the nut element 50 on both sides and one-sidedly against the deflection direction 136 on the drive section 32 of the drive shaft 30. The holding device 70 has two holding elements 72, 74, which in the illustrated embodiment are designed as switchable pawls 80. The two holding elements 72, 74 are axially spaced and arranged on the drive section 32 without any circumferential offset from one another. The pawls 80 can be switched between an engagement position and a release position, and in their respective engagement position they are designed to engage in an engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50. For switching the Pawls 80, the pulling mechanism 20 includes a lifting actuator 90, which is designed, for example, as an electromagnet and is arranged close to the motor unit 12 and surrounds the drive shaft 30. The lifting actuator 90 drives a lifting rod 92, the position of which in turn switches the pawls 80 between their engaged position and their release position. Inside the lifting actuator 90, and therefore in Fig. 3 not visible, is an adjusting spring 94 (cf. Fig. 2 respectively Fig. 6 ) arranged, which preloads the lifting rod 92 in such a way that it pushes the pawls 80 into the respective release position without being acted upon by the lifting actuator 90. In addition, the locking pawls 80 are spring-loaded on one side in the direction of their engaged position, so that they can be pressed from the engaged position into the release position, and, assuming a lifting rod 92 acted upon by the lifting actuator 90, return to the engaged position after the pressing force has been removed.

The function of the pulling mechanism 20 or its holding device 70, in particular a pretensioning process of the closer spring 134, is explained below in particular with reference to Fig. 4 , 5 described, where Fig. 4 a pretensioning process during a manual opening process of the door and Fig. 5 show a motorized biasing process driven by the motor unit 12. Such a motor-driven pretensioning process can be accompanied by a simultaneous opening movement of the door. The Fig. 4 , 5 show detailed views of the pull mechanism 20 in the interior of the housing 110 of the door drive 200 according to the invention (cf. Fig. 2 ) in different switching states. The coupling element 40 is arranged inside the closing spring 134, which is designed as a spiral spring. The nut element 50 engages with its external thread 24 in the corresponding internal thread 22 of the coupling element 40. The drive section 32 of the drive shaft 30 is also arranged inside the closer spring 134. In particular, the nut element 50 is mounted on the drive section 32 in an axially displaceable manner. The lifting rod 92, which is in the drive shaft, is clearly visible 30, in particular in the drive section 32, is displaceably mounted. Also mounted on the drive shaft 30, in particular on the drive section 32, are the first holding element 72 and the axially spaced second holding element 74, which - as already mentioned - are both designed as locking pawls 80 that can be switched by the lifting rod 92.

In order to move the lifting rod 92, a lifting actuator 90 and an adjusting spring 94 can in particular be provided (cf. for example Fig. 2 , 3 as well as 6). It should be noted here that the adjusting spring 94 acts on the lifting rod 92 in such a way that it is only in a position that allows the locking pawls 80 to be adjusted into their engaged position when the lifting actuator 90 is activated at the same time (see Figures A, B, C of the Fig. 4 as well as figures A, B, E of the Fig. 5 ), wherein the pawls 80 are preferably spring-loaded in the direction of their respective engagement position. If the lifting actuator 90 is deactivated (see Figures D, E). Fig. 4 as well as figures C, D of the Fig. 5 ), on the other hand, the adjusting spring 94 drives the lifting rod 92 into a position in which the locking pawls 80 are inevitably pressed into their respective release position, as a result of which the nut element 50 is no longer fixed. This enables or ensures a closing movement of the door driven by the closer spring 134, especially in the event of a power failure.

Figure A of the Fig. 4 shows the train mechanism 20 in a basic state. The coupling element 40 and thus also the piston element 132 (not shown) are in the starting position in which the closing spring 134 is maximally relaxed. Both pawls 80 are in their engaged position, whereby the pawl 80, acting as the first holding element 72, engages in the engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50 and in this way fixes the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52, at least when the coupling element 40 begins to be pulled by the pulling mechanism 20. The first holding element can be at rest 70 also engage in the engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50 in such a way that a small distance remains between these components. As a result, the nut element 50 is rotationally fixed and fixed axially against the deflection direction 136 on the drive section 32, at least after the start of rotation of the drive shaft 30, whereby a rotation of the drive shaft 30 in the preloading direction of rotation would be transmitted to the nut element 50. It should be noted here that the actual fixing of the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52 only begins when the movement begins.

In Fig. 4 However, a biasing process is shown during a manual opening process of the door. This is already shown in Figure B Fig. 4 visible. During a manual opening process, the piston element 132 and thus the coupling element 40 are displaced in the deflection direction 136 by the opening movement of the door. The nut element 50, coupled to the coupling element 40 via the threaded connection, lifts off from the first holding element 72. Due to the above-described spring-loaded mounting of the holding elements 72, 74, the nut element 50 can press the second holding element 74 into its release position and thus move beyond its axial position when the second holding element 74 is passed over.

Figure C of the Fig. 4 shows the state of the door drive 200 after completion of the manual pretensioning process. The piston element 132 has reached its locking position. The nut element 50 has moved completely beyond the position of the second holding element 74, which allowed it to move back into its engaged position. Now the pawl 80, which forms the second holding element 74, engages in the engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50 and in this way fixes the nut element 50 in its second holding position 54. The piston element 132 is thereby locked in its locking position. Thus, the closer spring 134 is kept in the pre-tensioned state and mechanical energy is stored for a closing process of the door. As above described, for this holding in the preloaded state, an active pulling of the lifting rod 92 by the lifting actuator 90 against the force of the adjusting spring 94 is also required.

In the following figure D the Fig. 4 a trigger situation has occurred. It is clearly visible that the lifting rod 92 is displaced in comparison to Figures A to C, for example by intentionally deactivating the lifting actuator 90, but also, for example, in the event of a power failure. As a result, the two holding elements 72, 74 are switched together from their respective engagement position into their respective release position and consequently the fixation of the nut element 50 in its second holding position 54 is released. As a result, the piston element 132 is released for a movement driven by the closer spring 134 against the deflection direction 136.

Figure E of the Fig. 4 shows the pulling mechanism 20 at the end of the movement of the piston element 132 back to its starting position. As a result, the nut element 50 has returned to its first holding position 52. Due to the still existing deflection of the lifting rod 92, the two holding elements 72, 74 remain in their release position, so that the first holding element 72 still does not engage in the engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50. Moving the lifting rod 92 again, in particular for example by activating the lifting actuator 90, makes this possible and transfers the lifting rod 92 and thus the entire pulling mechanism back into the position shown in Figure A Fig. 4 basic state shown.

In contrast to Fig. 4 are in Fig. 5 different stages of a motor-driven pretensioning process of the closer spring 134 are shown. Figure A of the Fig. 5 again shows a basic state of the train mechanics 20, which is similar to that in Figure A Fig. 4 corresponds to the basic state shown. In order to avoid repetition, reference is made to the relevant description above.

By driving the drive shaft 30 by motor, the coupling element 40 and thereby the piston element 132 are pulled into its locking position by fixing the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52 and the threaded connection between the nut element 50 and the coupling element 40. This is in Figure B Fig. 5 shown. The piston element 132 has reached its locking position. The pawl 80, which forms the first holding element 72, continues to engage in the engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50 and in this way continues to fix the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52. Analogous to a manually driven pretensioning process, the closer spring 134 is thereby in the pretensioned state held and mechanical energy stored for closing the door.

Figure C of the Fig. 5 shows the state of the train mechanism 20 immediately after a triggering situation occurs. Here too it can be clearly seen that the lifting rod 92 compared to Figures A and B Fig. 5 is shifted. As a result, the two pawls 80 are switched together from their respective engagement position into their respective release position and the fixation of the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52 is thereby released. A movement of the piston element 132 against the deflection direction 136, driven by the closer spring 134, is not only made possible, but is preferably particularly inevitable.

At the end of the movement of the piston element 132 into its starting position, the nut element 50 has moved beyond the first holding element 72 counter to the deflection direction 136. In order to enable the pulling mechanism 20 and thus the entire actuating unit 10 to be reset, the drive section 32 extends correspondingly far counter to the deflection direction 136 in the direction of the piston element 132, so that the nut element 50 is supported continuously by the drive section 32. This is shown in Figure D Fig. 5 shown. A twist of the Drive shaft 30, counter to the preloading direction of rotation, is thereby transferred to the nut element 50, which, due to the threaded connection, moves back into its first holding position 52 along the deflection direction 136 in the coupling element 40.

Figure E of the Fig. 5 now shows the nut element 50 shortly before the completion of the resetting or resetting with the lifting rod 92 moved back. The nut element 50 is shown just when passing over the position of the first holding element 72. The spring-loaded mounting of the first holding element 72 enables the first holding element 72 to be easily moved over by the nut element 50, with the first holding element 72 being pressed into its release position by the nut element 50. After the nut element 50 has reached the first holding position 52, the pawl 80, which forms the first holding element 72, returns to its engaged position due to the spring loading, whereby the pulling mechanism 20 returns to the position shown in Figure A Fig. 5 assumes the basic state shown. In this embodiment too, it should be noted that in order to assume the basic state, the lifting rod 92 must be actively pulled by the lifting actuator 90 against the force of the adjusting spring 94.

In the following Fig. 6 to 8 A further embodiment of the actuating unit 10 of the door drive 200 according to the invention is shown. From the to the Fig. 2 to 5 The embodiment shown differs from that of Fig. 6 to 8 in particular in that the holding elements 72, 74 installed in the respective holding device 70 are not designed as locking pawls 80, but as ball locking pins 82 or at least in the manner of a ball locking pin 82. The other elements in the Fig. 6 to 8 The actuating unit 10 shown, in particular the coupling element 40, the nut element 50, the drive shaft 30, the lifting actuator 90 and the motor unit 12, are similar or even identical to the corresponding elements in the Fig. 2 to 5 shown actuating unit 10 formed.

The differences between the two embodiments will therefore be discussed in more detail below, and otherwise the corresponding description above will be discussed Fig. 2 to 5 referred.

As opposed to Fig. 3 is in Fig. 6 the lifting actuator 90 (cf. Fig. 3 ) not shown. Also in the in the Fig. 6 to 8 However, in the embodiment shown, this is present and is also arranged on the motor unit 12, encompassing the drive shaft 30. The lack of representation of the lifting actuator 90 enables, in particular, a representation of the adjusting spring 94 arranged inside the lifting actuator 90. Also in the Fig. 6 to 8 In the illustrated embodiment of the actuating unit 10 of the door drive 200 according to the invention, this adjusting spring 94 acts on the lifting rod 92 in such a way that, without active loading by the lifting actuator 90, the holding elements 72, 74 are acted upon with a force in the direction of their respective release position.

As already mentioned above, the two holding elements 72, 74 of the holding device 70 are designed as ball lock pins 82. The lifting rod 92 in particular has correspondingly shaped receptacles with starting bevels in order to move the ball locking pins 82 from their release position, in which they are arranged essentially inside the drive shaft 30, and their engagement position, in which they protrude beyond the cross section 34 of the drive shaft 30 and thus can engage in the engagement receptacle 62 at the central opening 60 of the nut element 50.

Like the illustrations of Fig. 4 also shows that Fig. 7 various detailed views of the pulling mechanism 20 during a manually driven pretensioning process of the closer spring 134. Figure A again shows a basic state in which the coupling element 40 and the piston element 132 arranged thereon, not shown, are arranged in a starting position. Unlike the holding elements 72, 74 designed as pawls 80 in the figure Vein Fig. 4 , are in Fig. 7 the holding elements 72, 74 designed as ball locking pins 82 are shown in their release position, so that the nut element 50 is arranged in its first holding position 52, but is not fixed in this.

Figures B and C of the Fig. 7 show a manual pretensioning process of the closer spring 134 (see also Figures B, C). Fig. 4 and the associated description). The piston element 132 and thus the coupling element 40 is displaced in the deflection direction by a manual opening movement of the door (Figure B). Fig. 7 ). After the piston element 132 has reached the locking position, the nut element 50 is moved into its engaged position by actively switching the second holding element 74, which is designed as a ball locking pin 82, into its engaged position, caused by a deflection, in particular an active deflection caused by a lifting actuator 90, of the lifting rod 92 in its second holding position 54 fixed to the drive section 32, in particular by a positive engagement of the ball locking pin 82 in the engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50. As a result, the piston element 132 is locked in its locking position and the closer spring 134 is biased.

The following Figure D the Fig. 7 shows the state of the train mechanism 20 immediately after a triggering situation occurs. The lifting rod 92 is shifted in comparison to Figure C, whereby the two holding elements 72, 74 are switched together from their respective engagement position into their respective release position and the fixation of the nut element 50 in its second holding position 54 is thereby removed. In this embodiment, too, this leads to a movement of the piston element 132 against the deflection direction 136, driven by the closer spring 134. As a result, the door equipped with the door drive 200 according to the invention is closed or kept in a closed state.

As already Fig. 5 also shows Fig. 8 different stages of a motor-driven biasing process of the closer spring 134 by the motor unit 12. According to Figure A of the Fig. 7 identical ground state (Figure A of the Fig. 8 ), is shown in Figure B Fig. 8 By activating the lifting rod 92, the first holding element 72, designed as a ball lock pin 82, is brought into its engaged position, in which it fixes the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52 axially and in a rotationally fixed manner on the drive section 32 of the drive shaft 30.

By subsequently rotating the drive shaft 30 in the preloading direction, the coupling element 40 and thus also the piston element 132 are pulled in the deflection direction 136 by the likewise rotating nut element 50 via the threaded connection. Figure C already shows the end point of this movement, in which the piston element 132 has reached its locking position, in which it is then locked by a continued engagement of the first holding element 72 in the engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50, whereby the closer spring 134 remains biased .

A state of the train mechanism 20 immediately after a triggering situation occurs is shown in Figure D Fig. 8 shown. Analogous to a triggering situation after a manual pre-tensioning process, the lifting rod 92 is compared to Figure C Fig. 8 shifted, whereby the ball lock pins 82 are switched to their respective release position. As a result, the fixation of the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52 is canceled. The piston element 132 is thereby released for a movement driven by the closer spring 134 against the deflection direction 136.

In this embodiment too, after the piston element 132 has moved into its starting position, the nut element 50 must be reset to its first holding position 52 from an end position, which lies between the first holding element 72 and the piston element 132. To make this possible, extends again the drive section 32 moves correspondingly far against the deflection direction 136 in the direction of the piston element 132, so that the nut element 50 is supported continuously by the drive section 32, as shown in Figure E Fig. 8 visible. A rotation of the drive shaft 30 against the direction of preload rotation thereby moves the nut element 50, using the threaded connection to the coupling element 40, along the deflection direction 136 into its first holding position 52. After the nut element 50 has reached the first holding position 52, the pulling mechanism 20 returns to the position shown in the figure Vein Fig. 8 basic state shown.

In the Fig. 9 to 12 Another possible embodiment of a pull mechanism 20 of an actuating unit 10 of a door drive 200 according to the invention is shown, which is described below. In this embodiment, the holding elements 72, 74 are designed as holding projections 84, which together with a stop section 64, which, as part of the engagement receptacle 62, delimits a section of the central opening 60 of the nut element 50, which interact according to a so-called keyhole principle. For this purpose, the holding projections 84 are each designed with a radial stop surface 86 and an axial stop surface 88 and protrude radially from the drive section 32 of the drive shaft 30, in particular being arranged axially and circumferentially offset from one another on the drive section 32.

Furthermore, the holding projections 84 can be switched from the release position into the engaged position by rotating the drive shaft 30 in the preloading direction of rotation and vice versa by rotating the drive shaft 30 against the preloading direction of rotation from their respective engagement position into the release position. A lifting actuator is therefore not necessary in this embodiment. The stop section 64 of the nut element 50 also has, in particular, a radial stop area 66 and an axial stop area 68, which are for a positive locking Contact with the respective radial stop surface 86 or the axial stop surface 88 of the holding projections 84 is provided (see in particular Fig. 10 ). The radial striking, in particular the radial stop surface 88 of the retaining projection 84 corresponding to the first retaining element 72, causes the nut element 50 to be taken along in its first retaining position 52 when the drive shaft 30 rotates, in particular in the preloading direction. The axial striking in turn leads to an axial fixation of the nut element 50 on the drive section 32, acting counter to the deflection direction 136, with the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52 by the holding projection 84, which forms the first holding element 72, with the nut element 50 in its second holding position 54 through the holding projection 84, which forms the second holding element 74. In particular, this axial fixing enables the piston element 132 to be locked in its locking position, again regardless of whether this locking position is achieved by a manual opening movement of the door or driven by a motor by the motor unit 12 (cf. in particular the following description of the Fig. 11 , 12 ).

In the in the Fig. 9 to 12 In the illustrated embodiment of the door drive 200 according to the invention, the respective axial stop surfaces 88 of the holding projections 84 and the axial stop region 68 of the stop section 64 of the nut element 50 are aligned obliquely to the deflection direction 136, in particular at an angle between 30° and less than 90°, preferably between 60° and 85° °, see in particular Fig. 9 . This means, in particular, that an active holding of the drive shaft 30 by the motor unit 12 is necessary in order to prevent the drive shaft 30 from rotating against the biasing direction of rotation by the force stored in the closer spring 134, which results in the current being switched into the engagement receptacle 62 of the nut element 50 engaging retaining projection 84 would lead from its engaged position into its release position. In other words, the respective holding projection 84 is in its engaged position without actively holding it the locking of the piston element 132 is released in its locking position and the piston element 132 is released into its starting position for a movement driven by the closer spring 134 against the deflection direction 136. Since the loss of active holding of the drive shaft 30 by the motor unit 12 occurs or can occur in particular in the event of a power failure, the door on which the door drive 200 according to the invention is arranged can therefore be safely closed or kept closed, even in the event of a power failure or other malfunction of the system can be ensured.

In a further, not shown, alternative embodiment, however, the respective axial stop surfaces 88 of the holding projections 84 and the axial stop region 68 of the stop section 64 of the nut element 50 are aligned perpendicular to the deflection direction 136. This enables, in particular, an energy-saving locking of the piston element 132 in its locking position, since no force component of the force stored in the closer spring 134 acts on the drive shaft 30 in the direction of rotation due to the vertical alignment of the elements that lie against one another in a form-fitting manner. On the other hand, however, when a triggering situation occurs, the drive shaft 30 must be actively rotated by the motor unit 12 in order to enable the movement of the piston element 132 against the deflection direction 136.

As already with the embodiments of the door drive 200 according to the invention with pawls ( Fig. 4 , 5 ) and ball lock pin ( Fig. 7 , 8th ), also show the following Fig. 11 , 12 Detailed views of several sections of a prestressing process during a manual opening process of the door ( Fig. 11 ) or in the case of a preloading process driven by the motor unit 12 ( Fig. 12 ). Below are these two Fig. 11 , 12 with reference to the corresponding ones already in the Fig. 4 , 5 or the Fig. 7 , 8th Features already described are explained, with the special features of the embodiment shown being discussed accordingly.

Figure A of the Fig. 11 again shows a basic state in which the coupling element 40 and the piston element 132 arranged thereon, not shown, are arranged in a starting position. The drive shaft 30, and thus the drive section 32, is positioned such that the stop surfaces 86, 88 of the holding projection 84, which forms the first holding element 72, abut the corresponding stop areas 66, 68 of the nut element 50 in a form-fitting manner or at least a radial or axial movement of the mother element 50 on one side. In other words, the first holding element 72 or the corresponding holding projection 84 is arranged in its engaged position and the nut element 50 is in its first holding position 52 on one side radially with respect to a movement against the direction of preload rotation and on one side axially with respect to a movement against the deflection direction 136 on the drive section 32 of the drive shaft 30 fixed, at least when the drive shaft 30 begins to rotate. In contrast, the holding projection 84, which forms the second holding element 74, is arranged in its release position at the same time.

Due to the above-described alignment of the retaining projections 84, it is possible during a manual opening movement of the door that the nut element 50, as shown in Figure B Fig. 11 shown, follows the displacement movement of the piston element 132 in the deflection direction 136 without hindrance by the holding projection 84 forming the second holding element 74 and stands out from the first holding element 72.

In Figure C the Fig 11 the drive shaft 30 is rotated in the preloading direction of rotation in such a way that the holding projection 84, which forms the second holding element 74, is now in its engaged position and through positive engagement in the stop section 64 of the nut element 50 fixes it in its second holding position 54. As a result, the piston element 132 is locked in its locking position. The closer spring 134 is biased and remains in this biased state as long as the motor unit 12 is activated.

The following Figure D the Fig. 11 shows the state of the train mechanism 20 immediately after a triggering situation occurs. The drive shaft 30 rotates against the direction of preload rotation in the direction shown, for example, in Figure B Fig. 11 position shown, whereby the second holding element 74 or the corresponding holding projection 84 was moved from its engaged position into its release position. In the illustrated embodiment of the door drive 200 according to the invention, this rotation of the drive shaft 30 takes place automatically when the process in relation to Figure C is completed Fig. 11 described active holding of the drive shaft 30 in a fixed rotational position by the motor unit 12. By aligning both the axial stop surface 88 and the axial stop area 68 obliquely to the deflection direction 136, the mechanical energy stored in the compressed closer spring 134 generates the force required for the rotation the required torque. In the embodiment, not shown, with stop surfaces 88 or stop areas 68 perpendicular to the deflection direction 136, however, the twisting is actively driven by the motor unit 12. This means that the nut element 50 is no longer fixed in its second holding position 54. In this embodiment too, this leads to a movement of the piston element 132 against the deflection direction 136, driven by the closer spring 134. As a result, the door equipped with the door drive 200 according to the invention is closed or kept in a closed state. After the piston element 132 has reached the starting position, the pulling mechanism 20 is again in the position shown in Figure A Fig. 11 initial state shown.

As opposed to Fig. 11 are in Fig. 12 different stages of a motor-driven biasing process of the closer spring 134, driven by the motor unit 12, are shown. According to Figure A of the Fig. 11 identical ground state (Figure A of the Fig. 12 ) is shown in Figure B Fig. 12 The nut element 50 is also set in rotation by a beginning rotation of the drive shaft 30 in the pretensioning direction of rotation via the fixation of the nut element 50 in its first holding position 52 by the first holding element 72 or the corresponding holding projection 84. Via the threaded connection to the coupling element 40, this rotation of the nut element 50 is converted into an axial movement of the coupling element 40, as a result of which the piston element 132 is pulled into its locking position in the deflection direction 136. Once there, the moving rotational driving by the motor unit 12 ends, but due to the still existing and applied motor torque of the motor unit 12, the retaining projection 84 remains in positive engagement in the stop section 64 of the nut element 50 in order to lock the piston element 132 in its locking position and maintain it to ensure the pretension of the closer spring 134.

Figure C of the Fig. 12 shows a state of the train mechanism 20 directly after a triggering situation occurs. Analogous to a triggering situation after a manual pre-tensioning process, the drive shaft 30 is rotated back against the direction of pre-tensioning rotation, as a result of which the first holding element 72 or the corresponding holding projection 84 is moved from its engaged position into its release position. This means that the nut element 50 is no longer fixed in its first holding position 54. The piston element 132 is thereby released for a movement driven by the closer spring 134 against the deflection direction 136.

Analogous to the above in relation to Fig. 5 and 8 described releases after motor preloading processes, in this embodiment too, after the piston element 132 has moved into its starting position, the nut element 50 must be reset from an end position, which lies between the first holding element 72 and the piston element 132, to its first holding position 52. To make this possible, the holding projection 84 forming the first holding element 72 extends against the deflection direction 136 so far in the direction of the piston element 132 that the nut element 50 is supported continuously through the drive section 32, as shown in Figure D Fig. 12 visible. A rotation of the drive shaft 30 against the preloading direction of rotation thereby moves the nut element 50, using the threaded connection to the coupling element 40, along the deflection direction 136 into its first holding position 52, as shown in Figure E Fig. 12 shown. After the nut element 50 has reached the first holding position 52, the drive shaft 30 can rotate in the direction of preload rotation until the nut element 50 is inserted back into the stop section 64 of the nut element 50 by a corresponding positive engagement of the holding projection 84, which forms the first holding element 72 has returned to its first stopping position 52. Arranging the holding projection 84 close to the stop section 64 without actually striking it is also conceivable. Overall, the train mechanics 20 again take the form in Figure A Fig. 12 basic state shown.

An alternative further embodiment of an actuating unit 10 of the door drive 200 according to the invention is shown in FIG Fig. 13 , 14 shown. In particular, this actuating unit 10 is equipped with a type of ballpoint pen mechanism 100. Fig. 13 shows the basic structure of the actuating unit 10 in this embodiment, Fig. 14 Detailed views of the mechanics like a ballpoint pen mechanism 100 during operation.

As in Fig. 13 shown, a threaded connection is also provided in this embodiment for converting the rotational movement of the drive shaft 30 driven by the motor unit 12 into a pulled axial movement of the piston element 132. Here, for example, the drive section 32 of the drive shaft 30 can be designed as a threaded spindle with an external thread 24, which engages in a corresponding internal thread 22 of a nut element 50. The nut element 50 is mounted in the coupling element 40 in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner. An axial limitation of the movement of the nut element 50 in the coupling element 40 is generated by a limiting element 42 which is arranged at an end of the coupling element 40 facing away from the piston element 132. A rotation of the drive shaft 30 in the preloading direction leads in this way to an axial pulling movement of the piston element 132 and thus, as a result, to a preloading of the closing spring 134, not shown.

Alternatively, as shown in Figure A the Fig. 13 shown, the nut element 50 can also be mounted in a rotationally fixed and at the same time axially displaceable manner on the drive section 32 of the drive shaft 30. In this case, the nut element 50 then has an external thread 24, which engages in a corresponding internal thread 22 in the coupling element 40 (not shown in each case). To axially limit the movement of the nut element 50, a limiting element 42 is arranged at the end of the drive section 32 facing the piston element 132.

The type of ballpoint pen mechanism 100 has a rotatably mounted contour sleeve 102 which is secured against axial movement along the deflection direction 136 and has a guide contour 104 and a guide pin 106 which is firmly connected to the piston element 132 or the coupling element 40 and engages in the guide contour 104. The guide pin 106 is in Fig. 13 covered by the coupling element 40, its position at the end of the coupling element 40 facing away from the piston element 132 marked by an arrow. The The function of the type of ballpoint pen mechanism 100 is explained below using the Fig. 14 explained in more detail, in which five detailed views of different relative positionings of the guide pin 106 in the guide contour 104 are shown.

In particular, due to the rotatable mounting of the contour sleeve 102 on the drive shaft 30, the guide contour 104 can follow the guide pin 106 when the coupling element 40, and thus the guide pin 106, moves in the deflection direction 136 (see Figures A, B). Fig. 14 ). Here, the guide contour 104 is shaped in such a way that after the piston element 132 and thus also the coupling element 40 have moved into the locking position, a movement of the piston element 122 against the deflection direction 136 driven by the closer spring 134 (not shown) is prevented (see illustration C the Fig. 14 ). In other words, the piston element 132 is locked in its locking position. Only after the coupling element 40 or the piston element 132 has moved again in the deflection direction 136, through which the guide pin 106 is moved further in the guide contour 104 (cf. Figure D). Fig. 14 ), a complete return of the guide pin 106 or the coupling element 40 and thus the piston element 132 as a whole to its starting position is possible, according to a "push-to-close principle", see Figures E in Fig. 14 .

A type of ballpoint pen mechanism 100 can therefore in particular make it possible for the piston element 132 to remain locked in its locking position without additional energy consumption and for the closer spring 134 to remain biased accordingly. However, in order to release the movement of the piston element 132 against the deflection direction 136, a short active actuation, in particular pulling, of the piston element 132 in the deflection direction 136 is then necessary. In order to be able to ensure this with a high level of security, an energy storage device 16 (cf. Fig. 2 ) intended be, which supplies the motor unit 12 with the necessary electrical energy for the short active actuation described above.

Reference symbols

10

Actuator unit

12

Motor unit

14

Control and/or regulating electronics

16

Energy storage

20

Train mechanics

22

inner thread

24

External thread

30

drive shaft

32

Drive section

34

cross-section

40

Coupling element

42

Limiting element

50

parent element

52

First stopping position

54

Second holding position

60

Central opening

62

Procedure recording

64

stop section

66

Radial stop area

68

Axial stop area

70

Holding device

72

First holding element

74

Second holding element

80

pawl

82

Ball lock pin

84

retaining projection

86

Radial stop surface

88

Axial stop surface

90

Stroke actuator

92

lifting rod

94

Adjusting spring

100

Ballpoint pen mechanism

102

contour sleeve

104

Guide contour

106

Guide pin

110

Housing

112

closer shaft

114

Closer lever

116

Freewheel

118

Freewheel stop

120

Freewheel cam

122

Freewheel pin

130

Drive mechanics

132

Piston element

134

Closer spring

136

Deflection direction

200

Door drive

Claims (33)

Door drive (200) with a freewheel function, comprising a drive mechanism (130) which can be coupled to a door and has a piston element (132) which can be moved axially between an initial position and a locking position, a closing spring (134) for acting on the piston element (132) in the closing direction of the door, and a freewheel (116) for decoupling a movement of the door from a movement of the piston element (132) in the mounted state of the door drive (200), wherein at least reaching the locking position by the piston element (132) activates the freewheel, characterized in in that the drive mechanism (130) for pretensioning the closer spring (134) comprises an electrical actuating unit (10) with a pulling mechanism (20), wherein when the electrical actuating unit (10) is actuated, the pulling mechanism (20) moves the piston element (132) against the force of the The closer spring (134) pulls from the starting position into the locking position, in which the actuating unit (10) locks the piston element (132), so that the activated freewheel (116) in the mounted state of the door drive (200) closes the door without being acted upon by the closer spring (134) can be freely moved manually, wherein when a triggering situation occurs, the actuating unit (10) releases the piston element (132) for movement against the deflection direction (136) into the starting position in order to close the door by means of the force of the closer spring (134) or to keep it in a closed position. Door drive (200) according to claim 1,
characterized,
that even after the piston element (132) has been moved into the locking position by a manual opening movement of the door, the actuating unit (10) locks the piston element (132) in the locking position. Door drive (200) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
in that the pulling mechanism (20) can be switched between a state that couples the actuating unit (10) and the piston element (132) and a state that decouples the actuating unit (10) and the piston element (132), the pulling mechanism (20) when pulling and locking the Piston element (132) assumes the coupling state and when releasing the piston element (132) assumes the decoupling state, preferably assumes independently. Door drive (200) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the actuating unit (10) has an electromagnet unit, wherein the pulling mechanism (20) can be acted upon by the electromagnet unit for a translational movement in the deflection direction (136), wherein when the electromagnet unit is actuated, the pulling mechanism (20) moves the piston element (132) against the force of the Closer spring (134) pulls from the starting position into the locking position. Door drive (200) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
in that the actuating unit (10) has an electric motor unit (12), wherein the pulling mechanism (20) can be driven by the electric motor unit (12) for converting a rotational movement of the electric motor unit (12) in a preloading direction into a translational movement in the deflection direction (136), whereby when the electric motor unit (12) is actuated in the preloading direction of rotation, the pulling mechanism (20) pulls the piston element (132) from the starting position into the locking position against the force of the closing spring (134). Door drive (200) according to claim 5,
characterized,
in that the pulling mechanism (20) has a drive shaft (30) which can be rotatably driven by the electric motor unit (12), a tubular coupling element (40) which is connected to the piston element (132), in particular in one piece, and a tube-like coupling element (40) between the drive shaft (30) and the coupling element ( 40) has a nut element (50) arranged and axially displaceable on a drive section (32) of the drive shaft (30), the coupling element (40) having an internal thread (22) and the nut element (50) having a corresponding external thread (24) to form a threaded connection. have or the nut element (50) has an internal thread (22) and the drive section (32) has a corresponding external thread (24). Door drive (200) according to claim 6,
characterized, in that the pulling mechanism (20) has a holding device (70) for fixing the nut element (50) on the drive section (32) radially at least counter to the direction of preload rotation and at least axially counter to the deflection direction (136) in a first holding position (52) and a second holding position ( 54), wherein when the piston element (132) assumes its initial position, the nut element (50) can be fixed in the first holding position (52) by the holding device (70), wherein when the nut element (50) is fixed in the first holding position (52), the actuation the electric motor unit (12) pulls the piston element (132) into the locking position in the preloading direction of rotation and then the actuating unit (10) locks the piston element (132) in the locking position, and wherein when the motor unit (12) is not actuated and after the piston element (132) has been moved into the locking position by a manual opening movement, the nut element (50) is passed through the holding device (70) can be fixed in the second holding position (54), wherein when the nut element (50) is fixed in the second holding position (54), the actuating unit (10) locks the piston element (132) in the locking position. Door drive (200) according to claim 7,
characterized,
in that the holding device (70) has a first holding element (72) and a second holding element (74), the two holding elements (72, 74) being arranged or mounted at a distance from one another on the drive section (32) along the deflection direction (136) and each between one Engagement position in which the nut element (50) can be fixed to the drive section (32) in the first holding position (52) or the second holding position (54), and a release position in which the fixation of the nut element (50) is dependent on the drive section (32 ) is solved, can be switched. Door drive (200) according to claim 8,
characterized, that when the first holding element (72) assumes its engagement position, the nut element (50) can be fixed in the first holding position (52) by positive engagement of the first holding element (72) in an engagement receptacle (62) of the nut element (50), wherein, when the second holding element (74) assumes its engagement position, the nut element (50) can be fixed in the second holding position (54) by positive engagement of the second holding element (74) in the engagement receptacle (62) of the nut element (50). Door drive (200) according to claim 8 or 9,
characterized,
that the two holding elements (72, 74) are designed as locking pawls (80) that can be set up in a particularly switchable manner or as ball lock pins (82) that can be extended in a particularly switchable manner. Door drive (200) according to one of claims 8 to 10,
characterized,
that the first holding element (72) and the second holding element (74) are arranged on the drive section (32) without any circumferential offset from one another. Door drive (200) according to one of claims 8 to 11,
characterized,
that the holding device (70) has a lifting actuator (90), preferably an electromagnetic lifting actuator (90), as well as a lifting actuator (90) supported by the drive shaft (30), in particular the drive section (32), and along the deflection direction (136) by the lifting actuator (90). has a displaceable lifting rod (92), the two holding elements (72, 74) preferably being switchable together by the lifting rod (92) between their engaged position and their release position. Door drive (200) according to claim 12,
characterized,
in that the lifting actuator (90) has an adjusting spring (94) which acts on the lifting rod (92) along the deflection direction (136), the adjusting spring (94) exerting a force on the two holding elements (72, 74) via the lifting rod (92). direction of their respective release position. Door drive (200) according to one of claims 8 to 13,
characterized,
in that the two holding elements (72, 74) are spring-loaded on one side in the direction of their engagement position, whereby the holding elements (72, 74), in particular when the motor unit (12) is not actuated and after the piston element (132) has been moved by a manual opening movement, into the Locking position, through which the nut element (50) can be reversibly moved from the respective engagement position towards its release position. Door drive (200) according to one of claims 8 to 14,
characterized,
in order to reset the actuating unit (10), the drive section (32) extends counter to the deflection direction (136) beyond the first holding element (72) to such an extent that after the nut element (50) is released from the first holding position (52) and the Subsequent movement of the piston element (132) against the deflection direction (136) into the starting position, the nut element (50) continues to be mounted on the drive section (32) in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner. Door drive (200) according to one of claims 8 to 15,
characterized,
in that the drive section (32) has an axially constant, non-circular cross section (34), a central opening (60) of the nut element (50) being adapted to the cross section (34) of the drive shaft (30) and thereby the nut element (50) is mounted on the drive shaft (30) in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner. Door drive (200) according to claim 8 or 9,
characterized,
that the two holding elements (72, 74) are designed as holding projections (84), in particular each with a radial stop surface (86) and an axial stop surface (88), which are provided radially projecting on the drive section (32) and axially and along a Circumference of the drive section (32) are arranged offset from one another on the drive section (32). Door drive (200) according to claim 17,
characterized,
that the holding projections (84) can be switched between the release position and the engagement position by rotating the drive shaft (30). Door drive (200) according to claim 18,
characterized,
that the holding projections (84) can be adjusted from the release position to the engaged position when the drive shaft (30) rotates in the preloading direction of rotation and from the engaged position to the release position when the drive shaft (30) rotates against the preloading direction of rotation. Door drive (200) according to one of claims 17 to 19,
characterized, that the engagement receptacle (62) of the nut element (50) has a stop section (64) for the holding projections (84), in particular with a radial stop area (66) and an axial stop area (68), wherein the stop section (64) can be contacted radially and axially in a form-fitting manner in its engagement position by the retaining projection (84) forming the first retaining element (72) and thereby the nut element (50) in its engagement position first holding position (52) can be fixed, and wherein the stop section (64) can be contacted in a radially and axially form-fitting manner in its engagement position by the holding projection (84) forming the second holding element (74), and the nut element (50) can thereby be fixed in its second holding position (54). Door drive (200) according to claim 20,
characterized,
in that the holding projections (84) are arranged circumferentially offset from one another on the drive section (32) in such a way that when the drive shaft (30) is in a rotational position, in which the holding projection (84) forming the first holding element (72) makes positive contact with the stop section in its engaged position (64) is arranged, the holding projection (84) forming the second holding element (74) is in its release position, and vice versa. Door drive (200) according to claim 20 or 21,
characterized,
that the axial stop area (68) of the stop section (64) and the axial stop surface (88) of the holding projection (84), which forms the first holding element (72), and the axial stop surface (88) of the holding projection (84), which forms the second holding element (74) are aligned perpendicular to the deflection direction (136). Door drive (200) according to claim 20 or 21,
characterized,
that the axial stop region (68) of the stop section (64) and the axial stop surface (88) of the holding projection (84), which forms the first holding element (72), and the axial stop surface (88) of the holding projection (84), which forms the second Holding element (74) forms, obliquely, in particular are aligned at an angle between 30° and less than 90°, preferably between 60° and 85°, to the deflection direction (136). Door drive (200) according to one of claims 17 to 23,
characterized,
that in order to reset the actuating unit (10), the holding projection (84) forming the first holding element (72) is axially extended counter to the deflection direction (136) to such an extent that after the nut element (50) has been released from the first holding position (52) and the Subsequent movement of the piston element (132) against the deflection direction (136) into the starting position, the nut element (50) is mounted in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner on the drive section (32) at least when the drive shaft (30) rotates in the preloading direction. Door drive (200) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized, that the actuating unit (10) has a rotatably mounted contour sleeve (102) which is secured against axial movement along the deflection direction (136) and has a guide contour (104) and a guide pin which is firmly connected to the piston element (132) and engages in the guide contour (104). (106), the guide contour (104) together with the guide pin (106) forming a type of ballpoint pen mechanism (100), wherein the type of ballpoint pen mechanism (100) locks the piston element (132) in the locking position after a movement of the piston element (132) into the locking position caused by a manual opening movement or caused by the electric motor unit (12), and when a triggering situation occurs after a by the electric motor unit (12) caused movement of the piston element (132) in the deflection direction (136) releases the piston element (132) for movement against the deflection direction (136) into the starting position. Door drive (200) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the freewheel (116) has a freewheel stop (118) arranged on a closer shaft (112), in particular on a freewheel cam (120), and a freewheel stop (118) arranged on a closer lever (114) and in the closed position of the door and when the motor unit (12) is not actuated has a freewheel pin (122) resting on the freewheel stop (118), the freewheel stop (118) being taken along by the freewheel pin (122) during a manual opening movement and being pulled into its locking position by the freewheel pin when the piston element (132) is pulled by the actuating unit (10). (122) takes off, or vice versa. Door drive (200) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that in the assembled state of the door drive (200), the locking position of the piston element (132) corresponds to an opening angle of the door between 0° and 180°, in particular between 75° and 105°, preferably 90°. Door drive (200) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the triggering situation occurs in the event of a power failure and/or in the presence of triggering signals, in particular in an emergency situation, in particular in the event of a fire. Door drive (200) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the actuating unit (10) comprises control and/or regulating electronics (14) for receiving trigger signals and, based on this, for controlling and/or regulating the electrical actuating unit (10). Door drive (200) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the actuating unit (10) comprises an electrical energy storage (16) for releasing the piston element (132) at least once for a movement against the deflection direction (136) into the starting position when the triggering situation occurs. Door drive (200) according to claim 30,
characterized,
that the electrical energy storage (16) holds sufficient electrical energy to enable the piston element (132) to be moved into its locking position against the force of the closing spring (134) at least once, in addition to releasing the piston element (132) at least once. Door drive (200) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
in that the actuating unit (10) is arranged at least partially, preferably completely, in the deflection direction (136) of the piston element (132) in series with the piston element (132) and / or the closing spring (134). Door drive (200) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the closer spring (134) is designed as a helical spring and at least parts of the tension mechanism (20) are arranged inside the closer spring (134).

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