EP4264025A1 - Procédé de gestion thermique d'un système de stockage d'ammoniac - Google Patents
Procédé de gestion thermique d'un système de stockage d'ammoniacInfo
- Publication number
- EP4264025A1 EP4264025A1 EP21843652.5A EP21843652A EP4264025A1 EP 4264025 A1 EP4264025 A1 EP 4264025A1 EP 21843652 A EP21843652 A EP 21843652A EP 4264025 A1 EP4264025 A1 EP 4264025A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- cartridge
- starter
- heat transfer
- transfer fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. by adjusting the dosing of reducing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds
- C01B3/047—Decomposition of ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/003—Storage or handling of ammonia
- C01C1/006—Storage or handling of ammonia making use of solid ammonia storage materials, e.g. complex ammine salts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04216—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/065—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
- H01M8/222—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on compounds containing nitrogen, e.g. hydrazine, ammonia
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/18—Ammonia
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/06—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being in the gaseous form
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to thermal management in an ammonia storage system on board a vehicle. More particularly, the invention relates to an ammonia storage system for a vehicle and to a method for thermal management of such a system.
- Ammonia can fulfill several functions on board a motor vehicle. Among the most widespread, mention may be made of its use as an energy carrier for a fuel cell operating directly with ammonia or else operating with dihydrogen, in which case the ammonia must be cracked before supplying the cell . We can also mention the catalytic reduction of exhaust gases in combustion engine vehicles.
- the ammonia desorption reaction is endothermic, it is necessary to heat the storage cartridges in order to allow ammonia desorption. To this end, it is known to heat, for example using a heat transfer fluid, the cartridges when the vehicle needs to consume ammonia. Nevertheless, due to the inertia of the heat transfers necessary for the desorption of the ammonia in the cartridges, the ammonia may not be desorbed quickly enough, which may have adverse consequences on the operation of the vehicle, for example in the case where the ammonia is used to supply a fuel cell when the vehicle is started.
- the object of the invention is in particular to remedy this problem by allowing rapid desorption of ammonia, in particular when the vehicle is started.
- a thermal management method is provided in an ammonia storage system for a vehicle, in which the system comprises: - at least one cartridge, called a starter, for storing ammonia in the form absorbed in a salt, called a starter salt,
- main at least one cartridge, called main, for storing ammonia in the form absorbed in a salt, called main salt, the starting salt having an ammonia desorption temperature higher than an ammonia desorption temperature of the main salt, at a given pressure
- a heater arranged to heat the at least one starter cartridge so as to desorb the ammonia stored in the starter salt
- an ammonia consumption unit comprising for example a fuel cell
- At least one heat transfer fluid circulation line arranged to allow an exchange of calories between, on the one hand, the heat transfer fluid, and, on the other hand, the at least one starter cartridge, the at least one cartridge main and ammonia consuming organ, and
- the driver is activated to heat the at least one start-up cartridge, the circulation of heat transfer fluid is limited to the at least one start-up cartridge, and the heat transfer fluid is circulated in the line to heat the at least one main cartridge, then
- the driver is deactivated, the heat transfer fluid is continued to circulate in the line to heat the at least one main cartridge and the ammonia is allowed to circulate in the pipe towards the at least a starter cartridge.
- the storage system comprises at least one starter cartridge equipped with a heater allowing rapid heating of this cartridge and rapid desorption of ammonia to supply the consumer unit while the at least one main cartridge begins to desorb ammonia.
- part of the ammonia released by the at least one main cartridge is used to fill the at least one starter cartridge.
- the heater having been deactivated, the temperature in the at least one starter cartridge drops below the desorption temperature of the starter salt during the supply regime, in particular thanks to the circulation of heat transfer fluid which presents during the feed regime a temperature between the ammonia desorption temperature of the main salt and that of the starting salt at given pressure.
- the starter salt of the at least one starter cartridge can then absorb the ammonia coming from the at least one main cartridge.
- the at least one starter cartridge is operational for the next start of the vehicle.
- the heat transfer fluid is configured to both heat the at least one main cartridge and cool the at least one starter cartridge, allows the calories supplied by the driver to the at least one starter cartridge during the start-up regime to be redistributed by the heat transfer fluid to the at least one main cartridge during the supply regime.
- the energy balance of the thermal management process is thus optimized.
- the at least one starter cartridge has an ammonia storage capacity lower than an ammonia storage capacity of the at least one main cartridge.
- the ammonia storage system further comprises a pressure sensor in the ammonia circulation pipe, and the transition from the start-up regime to the supply regime is carried out when the pressure sensor measures a higher ammonia pressure at a predetermined threshold, for example 2 or 3 bar.
- the change in speed can thus be controlled according to the measurements of the pressure sensor, which is simple to set up.
- the driver is activated to heat the at least one starter cartridge, the circulation of the heat transfer fluid to the at least one starter cartridge is limited, and the fluid continues to circulate coolant in the line to heat the at least one main cartridge.
- the invention thus also makes it possible to be able to respond to a momentary peak in ammonia consumption by the consumer organ.
- the at least one starter cartridge serves both as a buffer for starting the vehicle and as an additional ammonia reservoir which can release ammonia very quickly.
- the driver comprises an induction heater.
- This type of heater is suitable for rapidly heating the at least one starter cartridge.
- the starter salt comprises magnesium chloride or manganese chloride or a mixture thereof.
- the main salt comprises calcium chloride or strontium chloride or a mixture of these.
- These salts have desorption temperatures that are sufficiently far apart, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of heat transfer between the heat transfer fluid and the cartridges, whether for cooling the at least one starter cartridge or for heating the at least one main cartridge.
- the heat transfer fluid is also circulated in the at least one starter cartridge to cool it, the heat transfer fluid having a temperature between the desorption temperature ammonia temperature of the main salt and the ammonia desorption temperature of the starting salt at the given pressure.
- the heat transfer fluid can thus simultaneously, during the supply regime, cool the at least one starter cartridge so that it can absorb ammonia with a view to the next start-up or the next consumption peak, and heat the au least one main cartridge for desorbing the ammonia in order to supply the ammonia consumer unit.
- This makes it possible to simplify the organization of heat transfers in the storage system, and therefore to simplify the structure of this system and in particular of the line of circulation of the heat transfer fluid.
- the thermal energy supplied to the at least one starter cartridge by the driver during the start-up regime is not lost since it is used to heat the heat transfer fluid during the supply regime which goes itself heat the at least one main cartridge. This therefore optimizes the energy consumption of the storage system.
- the ammonia storage system comprises:
- a first heat transfer fluid circulation line arranged to allow an exchange of calories between the heat transfer fluid and the at least one starter cartridge
- the ammonia storage system further comprising a heat exchanger arranged to allow an exchange of calories between the heat transfer fluid of the first line and the heat transfer fluid of the second line, preferably without mixing the heat transfer fluids of the two lines .
- the invention thus allows the separate thermal management of the at least one starter cartridge and the at least one main cartridge, while avoiding losses thermal energy through the heat exchanger.
- the thermal energy supplied to the at least one starter cartridge by the driver during the start-up regime is not lost since it is used to heat the heat transfer fluid of the first line during the start-up regime. supply which will itself heat the heat transfer fluid of the second line, by means of the heat exchanger, and therefore indirectly the at least one main cartridge. This therefore makes it possible to optimize the energy consumption of the storage system.
- the method is implemented on board a vehicle.
- ammonia storage system for a vehicle which comprises:
- starter salt for storing ammonia in the form absorbed in a salt, called starter salt
- main at least one cartridge, called main, for storing ammonia in the form absorbed in a salt, called main salt, the starting salt having an ammonia desorption temperature higher than an ammonia desorption temperature of the main salt, at a given pressure
- a heater arranged to heat the at least one starter cartridge so as to desorb the ammonia stored in the starter salt
- At least one heat transfer fluid circulation line arranged to allow an exchange of calories between, on the one hand, the heat transfer fluid, and, on the other hand, the at least one starter cartridge, the at least one cartridge main and ammonia consuming organ, and
- the storage system further comprises a control unit arranged to implement a thermal management method as described above.
- the heater comprises a pipe made of an electrically conductive material, preferably a ferromagnetic material, the pipe being configured to:
- the outer part of the at least one starter cartridge forming the container in other words the casing of the at least one starter cartridge starting, is made of a material that cannot be heated by induction, such as plastic.
- Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an ammonia storage system for a vehicle according to a first embodiment of the invention
- Figure 2 is an enlarged general view of a starter cartridge of the ammonia storage system of Figure 1, and
- Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an ammonia storage system for a vehicle according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 An ammonia storage system 2 for a vehicle 4 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- the ammonia storage system 2 comprises an ammonia consumption member 6.
- This is a member of the vehicle 4 which must be supplied with ammonia in order to operate. It can be an ammonia-type fuel cell, or a hydrogen-type fuel cell with a cracking module configured to crack ammonia into a gas mixture comprising dihydrogen. It may also be a component for catalytic reduction of the vehicle's exhaust gases. Since these different types of ammonia-consuming organs are known, they will not be described further in what follows.
- the ammonia storage system 2 comprises at least one cartridge, called a starter cartridge 8, for storing ammonia in the form absorbed in a salt, called a starter salt.
- the ammonia storage system 2 here comprises a single starter cartridge 8, but provision can be made for the ammonia storage system to comprise several starter cartridges, for example two or more.
- the starter cartridge 8 allows the storage of ammonia in gaseous form.
- the starter cartridge 8 comprises a matrix carrying the starter salt, the ammonia being absorbed in the starter salt.
- the starter salt includes magnesium chloride or manganese chloride or a mixture thereof.
- the ammonia storage system 2 comprises at least one cartridge, called the main cartridge 10, for storing ammonia in the form absorbed in a salt, called the main salt.
- the ammonia storage system 2 here comprises two main cartridges 10, but provision can be made for the ammonia storage system to comprise a higher number of main cartridges.
- the main cartridges 10 allow the storage of ammonia in gaseous form.
- the main cartridges 10 each comprise a matrix carrying the main salt, the ammonia being absorbed in the main salt.
- the main salt includes calcium chloride or strontium chloride or a mixture thereof.
- the starter salt has an ammonia desorption temperature Td greater than an ammonia desorption temperature of the main salt T p , at a given pressure, for example 2 or 3 bar. The interest of this property will be explained later.
- the ammonia storage system 2 comprises an ammonia circulation line 12 connecting the starter cartridge 8, the main cartridges 10 and the ammonia consumer unit 6.
- the ammonia circulation line 12 allows the the ammonia released by the starter cartridge 8 and the main cartridges 10 to be routed to the ammonia consumer unit 6.
- the ammonia circulation pipe 12 comprises a metering unit 14 which makes it possible to meter the quantity of ammonia which is conveyed from the cartridges 8, 10 in the direction of the ammonia consumption member 6.
- the circulation pipe of ammonia 12 further comprises a pressure sensor 16 which allows the measurement of the ammonia pressure in the ammonia circulation line 12.
- the ammonia circulation line 12 comprises, at the ammonia outlet of the starter cartridge 8, an on/off valve 18a configured to be electrically controllable.
- the on/off valve 18a can occupy an open position in which it allows the passage of ammonia through the valve in both directions, and a closed position in which it prevents the passage of ammonia through the valve in both directions. .
- the ammonia circulation line 12 comprises a passive valve 20 at the ammonia outlet of each of the main cartridges 10.
- Passive it is meant that the valve operates without being supplied with energy and without being controlled by a component. meant for that purpose.
- Each passive valve 20 is configured to prevent the ammonia present in the ammonia circulation line 12 from entering the main cartridge 10 to which it is connected.
- Each passive valve 20 is configured to allow the passage of ammonia from the main cartridge 10 to which it is connected to the ammonia circulation line 12 when the ammonia pressure in said main cartridge 10 is high enough.
- the ammonia storage system 2 comprises a heat transfer fluid circulation line 22 arranged to allow an exchange of calories between, on the one hand, a heat transfer fluid, and, on the other hand, the starter cartridge 8, the cartridges main 10 and the ammonia consumer member 6.
- the arrows indicate the direction of circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the circulation line 22.
- the heat transfer fluid circulation line 22 comprises a valve with four ports 24 delimiting four sections.
- the first section 26 corresponds to the coolant fluid outlet of the ammonia consuming member 6.
- the second section 28 corresponds to the coolant fluid inlet of the starter cartridge 8.
- the third section 30 corresponds to the inlet in heat transfer fluid from the main cartridges 10.
- the third section 28 comprises an all-to-nothing valve 18b configured to be electrically controllable.
- the third section 30 is further supplied by the heat transfer fluid outlet of the starter cartridge 8.
- the fourth section 32 corresponds to a heat transfer fluid inlet of the ammonia consuming member 6.
- the fourth section 32 is furthermore powered by the heat transfer fluid outlet of the main cartridges 10.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the arrangement of starter cartridge 8 in ammonia storage system 2.
- ammonia storage system 2 includes a heater 34 configured to heat the starter cartridge 8 so as to desorb the ammonia stored in the starting salt.
- the heater 34 is here an induction type heater. It comprises a pipe 36 made of an electrically conductive material, here a ferromagnetic material, connected to an alternating current source 38.
- the pipe 36 is wound in the form of turns around the starter cartridge 8. By heating the pipe 36 in a manner known per se, the starter cartridge 8 is also heated.
- An outer casing of the starter cartridge 8 is made of plastic so that it is not heated by induction.
- Hose 36 is connected to a coolant supply configured to cool Hose 36 when it ceases to be heated by induction.
- the pipe 36 is connected to the heat transfer fluid circulation line 22 so that it forms a section thereof.
- the pipe 36 then forms both a heat source, by induction, and a heat exchanger, as a section of the heat transfer fluid circulation line 22.
- the heater 34 can also provide calories to Starter Cartridge 8 than absorbing calories from Starter Cartridge 8. This contributes to reduce the number of elements constituting the ammonia storage system 2 and therefore to facilitate its design as well as to reduce its manufacturing cost.
- the ammonia storage system 2 comprises a control unit 40 configured to control the operation of the elements of the ammonia storage system 2, in particular that of the metering unit 14, the on/off valves 18a, 18b and the driver 34.
- the heater 34 is activated so as to heat the starting cartridge 8 and the starting salt in which ammonia is absorbed.
- the circulation of heat transfer fluid to the starter cartridge 8 is limited so as not to cool it unnecessarily.
- the starter salt eventually reaches its ammonia desorption temperature T d .
- the starter salt then begins to desorb the ammonia.
- the on/off valve 18a is opened so that the ammonia desorbed from the start-up salt can exit from the start-up cartridge 8 to supply the ammonia circulation line 12.
- the metering unit 14 doses the amount of this ammonia that is supplied to the ammonia consuming organ 6.
- the all-or-nothing valves 18b are open, and the heat transfer fluid is circulated in the circulation line 22 to heat the main cartridges 10.
- the heat transfer fluid initially has a low temperature, but as the member 6 consumes ammonia, the latter releases heat which is absorbed by the heat transfer fluid, which then rises in temperature. Under these conditions, the heat transfer fluid heats the main cartridges 10 more slowly than the heater 34 heats the starter cartridge 8, so that ammonia is first desorbed from the starter cartridge 8.
- the heat transfer fluid continues to heat the main cartridges 10, so that the main salt of the main cartridges 10 ends up reaching its ammonia desorption temperature T p .
- the starter salt then begins to desorb the ammonia.
- This desorbed ammonia exits the main cartridges 10 and passes through the passive valves 20 to feed the ammonia circulation line 12, which raises the ammonia pressure in the ammonia circulation line 12.
- the member 6 is mainly supplied with ammonia by the starting cartridge 8.
- a predetermined threshold for example 2 or 3 bar
- the heater 34 is deactivated and the heat transfer fluid is circulated to the starter cartridge 8.
- the temperature of the heat transfer fluid T f is between the ammonia desorption temperature of the main salt T p and the ammonia desorption temperature of the starting salt T d .
- the heat transfer fluid thus makes it possible to cool the starter cartridge 8, so that the starter salt ceases to desorb ammonia. It is thus understood that the fact that the starter salt has an ammonia desorption temperature Td higher than the ammonia desorption temperature of the main salt T p makes it possible both to cool the starter cartridge 8 and the main cartridges 10 with the same heat transfer fluid.
- the all-or-nothing valve 18a is kept open so that ammonia coming from the main cartridges 10 can fill the starter cartridge 8.
- the drop in temperature of the starter salt thanks to the heat transfer fluid allows it to to absorb ammonia.
- the on/off valve 18a is closed when the starter cartridge 8 has absorbed enough ammonia. Starter cartridge 8 will thus be ready to release ammonia, for example for the next start of vehicle 4.
- the heat transfer fluid continues to circulate in the circulation line 22 to heat the main cartridges 10 so that they continue to release ammonia as long as the member 6 needs it, this management being controlled by the control unit 40 and the metering unit 14.
- the 6 organ is mainly supplied with ammonia from the 10 main cartridges.
- a peak supply regime is implemented, in which the heater 34 is activated so as to heat the starter cartridge 8, which has been recharged in ammonia during the feeding regime.
- the circulation of heat transfer fluid to the starter cartridge 8 is limited so as not to cool it unnecessarily.
- the starter salt eventually reaches its ammonia desorption temperature Td.
- the starter salt then begins to desorb the ammonia.
- the on/off valve 18a is opened so that the ammonia desorbed from the starter salt can exit from the starter cartridge 8 to feed the ammonia circulation line 12.
- the unit metering 14 meters the amount of this ammonia which is supplied to the consumer organ of ammonia 6.
- the main cartridges 10 are heated by the heat transfer fluid in the same way as during the supply regime.
- the member 6 is supplied with ammonia both by the starter cartridge 8 and the main cartridges 10.
- FIG. 3 shows an ammonia storage system 2′ according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- the ammonia storage system 2' differs from that of the first mode in that the heat transfer fluid circulation line 22 comprises a first heat transfer fluid circulation line 22a, arranged to allow an exchange of calories between the heat transfer fluid and the starter cartridge 8, and a second heat transfer fluid circulation line 22b, arranged to allow an exchange of calories between, on the one hand, the heat transfer fluid, and, on the other hand, the main cartridges 10 and the consumption of ammonia 6.
- the circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the first line 22a is ensured by a pump 42.
- the ammonia storage system 2' also comprises a heat exchanger 44 configured to allow an exchange of calories between the fluid heat transfer fluid from the first line 22a and the heat transfer fluid from the second line 22b without there being any mixing of the heat transfer fluids from the two lines 22a, 22b.
- the ammonia storage system 2' includes a three-port valve 25 which replaces the four-port valve of the ammonia storage system of the first embodiment.
- the second port is in effect replaced by the heat exchanger 44.
- the remaining three ports are configured in the same way as in the first embodiment.
- the ammonia storage system 2' comprises a control unit 40 configured to implement a thermal management method of the ammonia storage system 2' similar to that of the first embodiment.
- a temperature sensor can be provided in the heat transfer fluid circulation line(s) to ensure that the temperature of the heat transfer fluid(s) T f remains between the ammonia desorption temperature of the main salt T p and the temperature of ammonia desorption from the starting salt T d during the feeding regime.
- means other than the pressure sensor can be used to determine the moment of passage from the starting regime to the supply regime.
- a pre-established chart of data from the ammonia storage system can be used as a reference to determine the moment to make the transition from the start-up regime to the feed regime.
- any means or any method making it possible to measure, directly or indirectly, the quantity of ammonia in the ammonia circulation line is suitable for determining the moment for making the transition from the start-up regime to the supply regime.
- control unit 40 control unit
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2013776A FR3118154B1 (fr) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Procédé de gestion thermique d’un système de stockage d’ammoniac |
| PCT/EP2021/086811 WO2022136281A1 (fr) | 2020-12-21 | 2021-12-20 | Procédé de gestion thermique d'un système de stockage d'ammoniac |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4264025A1 true EP4264025A1 (fr) | 2023-10-25 |
Family
ID=74554140
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21843652.5A Withdrawn EP4264025A1 (fr) | 2020-12-21 | 2021-12-20 | Procédé de gestion thermique d'un système de stockage d'ammoniac |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4264025A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2023551664A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20230107396A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3118154B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022136281A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000012062A (ja) * | 1998-06-24 | 2000-01-14 | Imura Japan Kk | 水素ガス供給装置及び水素ガス供給方法 |
| US6195999B1 (en) * | 2000-01-06 | 2001-03-06 | General Motors Corporation | Electrochemical engine |
| EP2181963B1 (fr) * | 2008-10-06 | 2018-12-12 | Amminex Emissions Technology A/S | Libération d'ammoniac stocké au démarrage |
| FR2974737B1 (fr) * | 2011-05-02 | 2015-05-01 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Methode d'epuration chimique de gaz d'echappement issus d'un moteur thermique equipant un vehicule automobile |
| FR2991380A1 (fr) * | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-06 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Systeme de dosage d'un agent reducteur pour un dispositif de depollution des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion |
| JP6623091B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-18 | 2019-12-18 | 株式会社Kri | アンモニア貯蔵供給装置及びアンモニア燃料タンク |
-
2020
- 2020-12-21 FR FR2013776A patent/FR3118154B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2021
- 2021-12-20 EP EP21843652.5A patent/EP4264025A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-12-20 KR KR1020237022347A patent/KR20230107396A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2021-12-20 JP JP2023530892A patent/JP2023551664A/ja active Pending
- 2021-12-20 WO PCT/EP2021/086811 patent/WO2022136281A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3118154A1 (fr) | 2022-06-24 |
| KR20230107396A (ko) | 2023-07-14 |
| JP2023551664A (ja) | 2023-12-12 |
| FR3118154B1 (fr) | 2022-12-23 |
| WO2022136281A1 (fr) | 2022-06-30 |
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