Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
  • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
  • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
  • E06B3/6707—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased acoustical insulation

Definitions

• the present invention relates to glazing, in particular for buildings, with sound insulation properties.
• Double glazing made up of two panes separated by a cavity filled with gas, typically air, is conventionally used in windows and facades of buildings for their thermal and acoustic insulation performance.
• Document US 2010/0300800 describes acoustic glazing, in particular aircraft cockpit glazing, comprising a first glass plate separated from a second intermediate glass plate by a layer of acoustic PVB (poly(vinyl butyral)) , the second glass plate being separated from a third glass plate by a layer of standard PVB or polyurethane.
• PVB poly(vinyl butyral)
• Document WO 00/75473 describes double glazing comprising a waveguide arranged in the periphery of the cavity, along at least one side of the glazing, this waveguide consisting of at least one rectilinear profile provided of a transverse partition.
• the invention relates firstly to a glazing comprising at least two glazed walls forming between them a cavity, in which the cavity comprises at least two resonators, and in which all the resonators in the cavity are parallel and not aligned.
• the cavity comprises at least 3 resonators, more preferentially at least 5 resonators.
• At least one of the resonators is a closed-open tube, preferably all of the resonators in the cavity are closed-open tubes.
• At least one resonator is configured to resonate at a low frequency.
• At least one resonator is configured to resonate at the mass/spring/mass frequency of the glazing.
• the resonators are transparent or opaque.
• the resonators comprise a polymer material, preferably chosen from polymethyl methacrylate, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(ethylene terephthalate) and/or polyurethane, a metallic, ferrous or non-ferrous, such as aluminum, or a combination thereof.
• the length of the resonators is from 1 to 99% of the length of the cavity in the same direction.
• the length of the resonators is 15 to 50% of the length of the cavity in the same direction.
• the two glazed walls each comprise an interior face facing the cavity and an exterior face opposite the interior face, the interior face and/or the exterior face of at least one glazed wall, preferably its inner face, being at least partly covered with enamel and/or paint.
• the surface of the face of the at least one glazed wall which is covered by the enamel and/or the paint comprises at least the surface over which all the resonators extend.
• the cavity also comprises a porous absorbent material, preferably having a porosity greater than or equal to 0.7 and/or a resistivity to the passage of air of 5,000 to 150,000 Nsrrr 4 .
• the porous absorbent material is selected from the group consisting of mineral wools, textile fibrous, polymeric foams and combinations thereof.
• the glazing is building glazing, such as building facade glazing or interior glazing.
• the present invention makes it possible to meet the need expressed above. It provides more particularly a glazing allowing better acoustic insulation, in particular at low frequencies but also at medium and high frequencies, while being able to be relatively light and compact.
• resonators make it possible to absorb at least part of the sound energy in the cavity formed by the two glazed walls, which makes it possible to reduce the transmission of sound through the glazing.
• resonators absorb sound energy significantly for frequencies close to their resonant frequency(ies).
• the absorption of energy also for the harmonic frequencies of the resonators as well as physical phenomena related to the modification of the properties of the gas cavity, due to the presence of the resonators allow to also improve the acoustic insulation. at frequencies above the resonant frequencies of the resonators.
• the invention also has the advantage of providing a panel, in particular for a building facade, "two-in-one", that is to say comprising both a “window” part and a “lighter” part, thus allowing easier installation on the facade of the building.
• this “two-in-one” glazing makes it possible to improve the sound insulation properties while retaining a transparent part acting as a window.
• FIG.1 shows a photograph of an example of glazing according to the invention as described in the example below.
• FIG.2 represents the sound reduction index R (in ordinate, in dB) of an example of glazing according to the invention as described in the example below (black curve) and of a glazing comparison as described in the example below (gray curve), as a function of the frequency of the sound (in abscissa, in Hz).
• the invention relates to a glazing comprising at least two glazed walls.
• the glazed walls are parallel or essentially parallel to each other.
• the glazing according to the invention can comprise exactly two glazed walls (it is then called “double glazing”), or exactly three glazed walls (it is then called “triple glazing”), or at least three glazed.
• a “glazed wall” designates any structure comprising (or consisting of) at least one sheet of glass or a glazed assembly.
• glazed assembly is meant a multilayer glazed element of which at least one layer is a sheet of glass.
• the glazed walls can for example independently comprise a single sheet of glass or else a glazed assembly, for example consisting of laminated glazing (as described in more detail below).
• the glass sheet can be organic or mineral glass. It can be tempered glass.
• the glazed walls may comprise (or consist of) a glazed assembly comprising at least one sheet of glass which may be as described above.
• the pane assembly is preferably laminated glazing.
• laminated glazing is meant at least two sheets of glass between which is inserted at least one intermediate film generally made of viscoelastic plastic material.
• the viscoelastic plastic interlayer film may comprise one or more layers of a viscoelastic polymer such as poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), more preferably PVB.
• the interlayer film can be standard PVB or acoustic PVB (such as single-layer or three-layer acoustic PVB).
• Acoustic PVB generally consists of three layers: two outer layers of standard PVB and an inner layer of PVB with added plasticizer to make it less rigid than the outer layers.
• the use of glazed walls comprising laminated glazing makes it possible to improve the acoustic insulation of the glazing, the acoustic insulation being further increased when the interlayer film is made of acoustic PVB.
• Each glazed wall has two main faces opposite each other corresponding to the faces of the glazed wall having the largest areas.
• the glazed walls independently have a thickness (between their two main faces) greater than or equal to 1.6 mm, for example a thickness of 1.6 to 24 mm, preferably from 2 to 12 mm, more preferably from 4 to 10 mm, for example 4 or 6 mm.
• the glazed walls of the glazing according to the invention can all have the same thickness or have different thicknesses. The thicker and/or denser the glass walls, the greater the sound insulation. In addition, the thicker the glass walls, the lower the mass/spring/mass frequency of the glazing will be.
• all the glazed walls of the glazing have an identical height and width.
• the glazing according to the invention can have any possible shape, and preferably has a quadrilateral shape, in particular a rectangular or essentially rectangular shape.
• the glazing can have a circular shape, or essentially circular, or an elliptical shape, or essentially elliptical, or a trapezoidal or essentially trapezoidal shape.
• the glazed walls define between them a cavity.
• the cavity is defined as being the volume comprised between two glazed walls.
• Each of the glazed walls defining the cavity comprises an interior face corresponding to the main face of the glazed wall facing the cavity in question and an exterior face corresponding to the second main face of the glazed wall, that is to say corresponding to the main face of the glazed wall opposite the face facing the cavity.
• the glazing comprises a spacing device, making it possible to fix the length of the spacing between the glazed walls.
• the length of this spacing (that is to say the thickness of the cavity between the glass walls) can be from 6 to 30 mm, preferably from 10 to 20 mm, for example 16 mm.
• the spacing device is positioned in the cavity, more particularly in a peripheral zone. It may for example be an interlayer in the form of a frame, in particular a frame composed of a single interlayer bent at the corners or composed of several (for example four) sections of interlayer assembled together to form the frame.
• the spacing device is made of metallic material, such as aluminum and/or stainless steel, and/or of polymeric material, such as polyethylene, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, polyester, polyurethane , polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile, butadiene styrene, acrylonitrile styrene acrylate, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, or a combination thereof, optionally reinforced with glass fibers.
• metallic material such as aluminum and/or stainless steel
• polymeric material such as polyethylene, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, polyester, polyurethane , polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate,
• the glass walls are fixed to the spacer. More preferably, the glazed walls are attached to the spacing device by gluing, for example by an adhesive based on polyisobutylene (PIB).
• PIB polyisobutylene
• a seal may also be present, preferably placed on the external face of the spacing device (that is to say the face of the spacing device closest to the edge of the glazed walls), more preferably the seal extends from this face to the edge of the glazed walls.
• This seal can be made with a mastic (called “sealing mastic”) based on polyurethane, polysulphide and/or silicone.
• the cavity comprises at least two resonators.
• the cavity can comprise exactly two resonators or, preferably, more than two resonators.
• the glazing may comprise, in the cavity, two or at least two resonators, or three or at least three resonators, or four or at least four resonators, or five or at least five resonators, or six or at least six resonators , or eight or at least eight resonators, or ten or at least ten resonators, or twelve or at least twelve resonators.
• the resonators can be of any type.
• the resonators can independently be closed-open tube type resonators, cylindrical or with a rectangular or square section, open-open tube type resonators, cylindrical or with a rectangular or square section, Helmholtz resonators, or a combination of those. More preferably, the resonators are closed-open tubes (cylindrical or with a rectangular or square section, more preferably with a rectangular or square section).
• a resonator can be formed by a profile.
• the profile can be made of metal, particularly aluminum.
• the profile may have a rectangular section. Thus, the installation of the resonator in the cavity is simplified.
• the profile can also have a circular section.
• all the resonators present in the cavity are parallel or essentially parallel to each other, that is to say that their longitudinal axes are parallel to each other.
• the resonators are oriented vertically in the cavity, in the glazing oriented as it is intended to be used.
• All the resonators present in the cavity are not aligned with another resonator.
• aligned resonators is meant resonators having the same longitudinal axis.
• none of the resonators of the cavity is in the extension of another resonator (in the direction of the length of the resonators).
• all the resonators have one of their ends aligned with each other (that is to say in the same plane orthogonal to the direction of the length of the resonators), preferably their closed end.
• the length of the resonators (corresponding to the height of the tube when the resonator is a tube) is less than that of the glazing or of the cavity (which designates the dimension of the glazing, respectively of the cavity, in the same direction as the length of the resonator).
• the resonators preferably have one of their ends closed, resting against a surface of the glazing, for example against the spacing device.
• one of the ends of the resonators can be at the level of an edge of the glazing, aligned with the latter (that is to say that the end of the resonator and the edge of the glazing are in the same plane orthogonal to the direction of the length of the resonator), this end being intended to be closed by bearing against a surface outside the glazing when the glazing is installed in its place of use.
• the second end of the resonator is preferably left open to the cavity.
• the resonators can be identical or different from each other.
• One or more of the resonators, or the set of all the resonators can have a length of from 1 to 99% of the length of the cavity, preferably from 15 to 50%, such as from 20 to 40%, of the cavity length.
• the length of all resonators may be 1-5%, or 5-10%, or 10-15%, or 15 to 20%, or 20 to 25%, or 25 to 30%, or 30 to 35%, or 35 to 40%, or 40 to 45%, or 45 to 50%, or 50 to 55%, or 55 to 60%, or 60 to 65%, or 65 to 70%, or 70 to 75%, or 75 to 80%, or 80 to 85%, or 85 at 90%, or 90 to 95%, or 95 to 99%, of the length of the cavity.
• the dimensioning of the resonators can be chosen according to the frequency at which it is desired that they resonate.
• the relationship between its resonant frequency f n in mode n and its length can be estimated by the formula: [Math. 1] where c is the air velocity in m/s, L is the length of the resonator in m and n is the mode number.
• the resonators can all have the same length, to all resonate at the same frequencies or at close frequencies. Alternatively, they may have different lengths and therefore resonate at different frequencies.
• This last embodiment has the advantage of obtaining sound energy absorption over a wider frequency range and can also improve the aesthetic appearance of the glazing.
• At least one of the resonators can be configured to resonate at low frequencies.
• low frequencies we mean sound waves with frequencies below 300 Hz.
• at least one of the resonators (or all) can be configured to resonate at a frequency less than or equal to 250 Hz, or less than or equal to 225 Hz, or less than or equal to 200 Hz, or less than or equal to 175 Hz , or less than or equal to 150 Hz.
• at least one of the resonators (or all of them) may be such that it resonates at the so-called “mass/spring/mass” frequency of the glazing.
• the presence in the glazing according to the invention of resonators configured to resonate at a frequency close to the mass/spring/mass frequency of the glazing makes it possible to increase the sound transmission loss at frequencies close to the mass/spring/mass frequency. mass of the glazing but also at frequencies higher than the mass/spring/mass frequency.
• the mass/spring/mass frequency f mS m of the glazing can be determined by the following formula: [Math. 2] where po is the density of the air in kg/m 3 , co is the speed of sound in the air cavity in m/s, d is the thickness of the air cavity between the two glazed walls in m and m si and m S 2 are respectively the masses per unit area of the first and of the second glazed wall in kg/m 2 .
• the resonators are preferably located in a lower part of the cavity.
• the resonators can have a maximum diameter or a maximum thickness (in a plane orthogonal to the direction of their length) equal to the thickness of the cavity, or less than the thickness of the cavity.
• the resonators can be (independently or all) transparent or opaque.
• the resonators can comprise one or be made of polymeric material, such as polymethyl methacrylate, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and/or polyurethane, of metallic material, ferrous or non-ferrous, or a combination thereof.
• polymeric material such as polymethyl methacrylate, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and/or polyurethane, of metallic material, ferrous or non-ferrous, or a combination thereof.
• PVC poly(vinyl chloride)
• PET poly(ethylene terephthalate)
• polyurethane of metallic material, ferrous or non-ferrous, or a combination thereof.
• the material or materials of the resonator and its dimensioning are chosen so as to limit its mass and therefore the increase in the total mass of the glazing.
• the characteristics of the resonators described above can apply to at least one resonator of the cavity (i.e. to one or more of the resonators of the cavity), or to each cavity resonator independently, or has all the cavity resonators.
• the cavity further comprises a gas.
• the cavity may consist of the resonators and the gas (and optionally the spacer and/or the gasket).
• the gas can be air and/or argon, and/or krypton and/or xenon. The use of argon, krypton or xenon, in addition to or replacing air, improves the thermal insulation of the glazing.
• the glazing according to the invention can be totally opaque, totally transparent or, preferably, partly opaque and partly transparent.
• the transparent part of the glazing corresponds to a part of the glazing in which the cavity only comprises a gas, the opaque part comprising at least the part of the cavity comprising the resonators.
• One or more of the glazed walls can be tinted in the thickness over part of its surface, preferably over the part of its surface defining part of the cavity comprising the resonators.
• one, or more, of the glazed walls can be partly covered with an opaque coating, for example, a paint and/or an enamel.
• the opaque coating may be present on the interior face of the glazed wall, or on its upper face, or on both sides, preferably it coats the interior face of the glazed wall.
• only one of the glazed walls of the glazing is covered with an opaque coating.
• This glazed wall is advantageously the glazed wall intended to be the outermost glazed wall of the glazing when the latter is used in a building facade.
• At least part, preferably all, of the part of the cavity comprising the resonators is hidden by the affixing of an opaque coating (for example an enamel and/or a paint) on at least least one of the glazed walls.
• an opaque coating for example an enamel and/or a paint
• at least one of the glazed walls is coated with an opaque coating (for example an enamel and/or a paint) on a surface comprising at least the surface over which the resonators extend in the cavity.
• the length of the part of the glazed wall coated with an opaque coating is greater than or equal to the length of the longest resonator, preferably equal to the length of the longest resonator.
• the width of this part of the glazed wall coated with an opaque coating is equal to the width of the glazed wall.
• this part of the glazed wall coated with an opaque coating extends from the edge of the glazed wall intended to be the lower edge of the glazing during its use. .
• the surface of the glazed wall covered with an opaque coating can have a length, preferably from an edge of said glazed wall, corresponding to from 1 to 100% of the total length of said glazed wall, more preferably from 15 to 50%, such as from 20 to 40% of the total length of the glazed wall, for example from 1 to 5%, or from 5 to 10%, or from 10 to 15%, or 15 to 20%, or 20 to 25%, or 25 to 30%, or 30 to 35%, or 35 to 40%, or 40 to 45%, or 45 to 50 %, or 50 to 55%, or 55 to 60%, or 60 to 65%, or 65 to 70%, or 70 to 75%, or 75 to 80%, or 80 to 85% , or from 85 to 90%, or from 90 to 95%, or from 95 to 100%, of the total length of the glazed wall, and can preferably have a width equal to that of said glazed wall.
• the affixing of an opaque coating for example an enamel or a paint, so as to render invisible, by an opaque coating, so as to render invisible, by
• the glazing has the advantage of forming a "two-in-one" panel comprising both a part as a spandrel (preferably intended to be the lower part of the glazing), corresponding to the part of the glazing covered with the opaque coating, and a part as a window (preferably intended to be the upper part of the glazing), corresponding to the remaining part of the glazing, this part preferably being transparent.
• the use of a single "two-in-one" panel allows for easier installation. of the facade.
• the "lightweight" part of the glazing according to the invention generally opaque, is used to integrate solutions therein to improve the acoustic insulation of all the glazing while retaining a transparent part in the glazing that can act as window.
• the glazed walls of the glazing may have undergone a treatment to improve I thermal insulation of the glazing.
• the glazed wall(s) may comprise one (or more) insulating layer(s) such as an insulating layer based on metal and/or metal oxide, on one or more of their main faces, preferably on the inside face.
• an opaque coating such as enamel and/or paint
• an insulating layer compatible with the opaque coating is preferably used.
• the insulating layer and the opaque coating can be placed on different faces of the glazed wall (for example, the insulating layer can be on the inside face and the opaque coating on the outside face).
• the insulating layer may be interposed in the glazed assembly, for example between a layer of PVB and a sheet of glass.
• resonators having different colors, and/or a different geometry (for example having different lengths and/or different diameters or widths), for example to form patterns.
• a fabric for example a colored fabric or a printed fabric can be applied in the cavity on a part of one of the glazed walls, so as to camouflage the resonators.
• the glazing can comprise a layer of porous textile, for example of black color, advantageously having a low resistivity to the passage of air, in the cavity, between a part of the cavity comprising the resonators and the rest of the cavity (not comprising not the resonators). This also improves the aesthetics of the glazing by hiding the resonators present in the cavity.
• the glazing according to the invention may further comprise, in the cavity formed by the at least two glazed walls of the glazing, a porous absorbent material.
• the porous absorbent material is characterized by a porosity greater than or equal to 0.7 and/or a resistivity to the passage of air ranging from 5,000 to 150,000 Nsrrr 4 .
• the porosity of the material can be measured using a porosimeter according to the fluid saturation method, by mercury intrusion.
• the resistivity to the passage of air can be measured according to standard NF EN ISO 9053-1.
• the presence of such a porous absorbent material can make it possible to further improve the sound insulation of the glazing.
• the presence of such a porous absorbent material can also make it possible to improve the thermal performance of the glazing and, in particular, to reduce, or even eliminate, thermal bridges when the glazing is used in a building facade.
• the porous absorbent material may have a porosity greater than or equal to 0.75, or greater than or equal to 0.8, or greater than or equal to 0.85, or greater than or equal to 0.9, or greater than or equal to 0, 95, for example a porosity of 0.7 to 0.75, or 0.75 to 0.8, or 0.8 to 0.85, or 0.85 to 0.90, or 0.90 to 0.95, or from 0.95 to 0.99.
• the porous absorbent material has a porosity of 0.7 to 0.99, and more preferably greater than or equal to 0.9.
• the airflow resistivity of the porous absorbent material can range from 5,000 to 10,000 Nsrrr 4 , or from 10,000 to 20,000 Nsrrr 4 , or from 20,000 to 40,000 Nsrrr 4 , or from 40,000 to 60,000 Nsrrr 4 , or 60,000 to 80,000 N. s. rrr 4 , or 80,000 to 100,000 Nsrrr 4 , or 100,000 to 120,000 N.s. rrr 4 , or from 120,000 to 140,000 Nsrrr 4 , or from 140,000 to 150,000 Nsrrr 4 .
• the porous absorbent material has a resistivity to the passage of air which is between 20,000 and 100,000 Nsrrr 4 .
• the porous absorbent material advantageously comprises a material chosen from the group consisting of mineral wools, textile fibers, polymeric foams and combinations thereof, preferably the absorbent material is chosen from the group defined above.
• mineral wool as a porous absorbent material include glass wool, rock wool or a combination thereof.
• fibrous textiles suitable for the present invention mention may be made of textiles made of cotton, flax, hemp, coconut, polyester, cellulose fibers, or a combination thereof.
• polymer foams suitable for the invention mention may be made of the foams chosen from the group consisting of melanin foams, polyurethane foams, polyethylene foams, and combinations thereof.
• the part of the cavity comprising the porous absorbent material when present, can have a length equal to the length of the cavity or, preferably, have a length less than the length of the cavity.
• the porous absorbent material may be included in a part of the cavity having a length less than or greater than or, preferably, equal, or substantially equal, to the length of the longest resonator present in the cavity.
• the porous absorbent material is placed in the lower part of the cavity (when the glazing is such that it is intended to be oriented during its use).
• a porous absorbent material when present in the cavity and when at least one of the walls glazed comprises an opaque coating (such as enamel and/or paint), said glazed wall is covered by the opaque coating on a surface comprising at least the surface over which the porous absorbent material extends in the cavity, and, in embodiments, over an area equal or substantially equal to the area over which the porous absorbent material extends in the cavity.
• the opaque coating makes it possible to conceal, for an observer located at least on one side of the glazing, the porous absorbent material, thus making the glazing more aesthetic.
• the glazing according to the invention can present a sound insulation (determined for example by a measurement of the sound reduction index, in particular according to the ISO 10140 standard) higher than an identical glazing but comprising only air in the cavity between the glazed walls over a frequency range from 100 Hz to 5000 Hz, preferably from 50 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
• the glazing according to the invention can be used in any application using glazing.
• the glazing according to the invention can be building glazing.
• the glazing may be intended to form the interface between the exterior and the interior of the building, and may for example be facade glazing.
• the glazing according to the invention can be used in a curtain wall.
• the glazing can be intended to be placed inside the building.
• the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a glazing as described above comprising:
• the manufacturing process may also include a step of depositing an opaque coating, such as an enamel and/or a paint, on at least one of the glazed walls, preferably on the interior face of one of the glazed walls. This step is advantageously carried out before the step of arranging the two glazed walls so as to form a cavity between them.
• an opaque coating such as an enamel and/or a paint
• FIG. 1 A glazing according to the invention has been manufactured and is shown in FIG. 1.
• This glazing comprises two glazed walls 1 of non-tempered non-laminated monolithic glass, each having the following dimensions: 1480 mm long, 1230 mm wide and 6 mm thick. 'thickness.
• the two glazed walls 1 are arranged so as to form between them a cavity 16 mm thick.
• Resonators 2, 12 in number have been placed in the lower part of the cavity between the two glazed walls 1 .
• the resonators are closed-open rectangular section tubes in 0.3 mm thick aluminum.
• the resonators are all 495mm long, 6.5mm wide and 15.5mm thick.
• the closed end of all the resonators is aligned with the lower edge of the glass walls 1.
• the length of the resonators represents approximately one third of the total length of the glass walls 1 .
• the rest of the cavity contains air.
• a comparative double glazing type 6(16)6 was also manufactured. This comparative glazing differs from the glazing according to the invention only in that it does not include a resonator, the entire cavity being filled with air.
• the spectrum of the sound reduction index (R) of the two glazings was measured as a function of frequency, as follows according to the measurement protocol defined by the ISO 10140 standard.
• the presence of resonators allows an improvement in the acoustic performance of the glazing, in particular for the frequencies close to the mass/spring/mass frequency of the glazing, but also for all the frequencies higher than the mass/spring/glazing mass frequency.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

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• 2020
  • 2020-12-16 FR FR2013399A patent/FR3117521B1/fr active Active
• 2021
  • 2021-12-16 WO PCT/FR2021/052366 patent/WO2022129803A1/fr unknown
  • 2021-12-16 EP EP21851837.1A patent/EP4263995A1/de active Pending

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