EP4254457A1 - Schalter und überspannungsschutzsystem für eine reihenkondensatorbank - Google Patents

Schalter und überspannungsschutzsystem für eine reihenkondensatorbank Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4254457A1
EP4254457A1 EP22165811.5A EP22165811A EP4254457A1 EP 4254457 A1 EP4254457 A1 EP 4254457A1 EP 22165811 A EP22165811 A EP 22165811A EP 4254457 A1 EP4254457 A1 EP 4254457A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
switch
drive means
circuit terminal
electrical contacts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22165811.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Anders ALFREDSSON
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Energy Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Energy Switzerland AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Energy Switzerland AG filed Critical Hitachi Energy Switzerland AG
Priority to EP22165811.5A priority Critical patent/EP4254457A1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2023/055043 priority patent/WO2023186435A1/en
Publication of EP4254457A1 publication Critical patent/EP4254457A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/26—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using dynamo-electric motor
    • H01H2003/266—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using dynamo-electric motor having control circuits for motor operating switches, e.g. controlling the opening or closing speed of the contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H2033/028—Details the cooperating contacts being both actuated simultaneously in opposite directions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to overvoltage protection in installations of power transmission systems.
  • series capacitance banks When capacitors are inserted into a transmission system, series capacitance banks compensate for inherent line inductance to lower total impedance. In effect, this allows the circuit to transfer more energy.
  • Such series banks may be located in the middle of (along) a transmission line or at an installation at either end of the transmission line section. The installation may be a substation.
  • Series capacitor banks are typically mounted on a platform energized at system voltage.
  • An overvoltage protection system is mounted on the platform to protect the series capacitor bank from overvoltage.
  • the overvoltage protection system typically comprises a metal oxide varistor connected in parallel with the series capacitor bank, and a switch connected in parallel with the metal oxide varistor and with the series capacitor bank.
  • the switch is normally open, such that no electric current can flow through the switch.
  • the switch takes some time to close and meanwhile the metal oxide varistor protects the series capacitor bank.
  • the metal oxide varistor can only operate for a limited time, depending on the thermal capacity of the metal oxide varistor of choice. Shorter closing times of the switch allows lower thermal capacity of the metal oxide varistor, thus reducing cost and size of the metal oxide varistor.
  • switches comprise an interruption chamber provided on a support insulator fixed on ground, and with the switch electrically connected by cables to the other components.
  • Such switches comprise a fixed first contact and a movable second contact.
  • the second contact is movable from its open position to its closed position by means of a drive means, for example a spring-loaded mechanism.
  • the switch is normally open, i.e. has the second contact separated a predetermined distance from the first contact such that they are physically separated and cannot conduct electric current.
  • the drive means is released such that the spring-loaded mechanism propels the second contact towards the first contact until the first and second contacts physically contact each other, allowing them to conduct electric current to bypass the metal oxide varistor and the series capacitor bank.
  • the prior art switch has an electronic control unit positioned on ground level along with its drive means for moving the second contact at least from its open position to its closed position, but typically also back from the closed position to the open position.
  • the high voltage levels involved require the drive means to be connected to the second contact via an electrically insulating control rod extending through the support insulator, which is often about five meters long due to the high voltage levels involved.
  • the accelerations and impacts of movable parts of the switch, including the control rod, are substantial and the parts involved need to be designed tough enough to withstand the forces and stresses involved. Heavier parts need more power/force to be accelerated or they will accelerate slower, and heavier parts result in higher forces and stress during impact when the first and second contacts physically contact each other at closing of the switch.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a switch with shorter closing times, wherein the switch should be suitable for high voltage use.
  • a switch as defined in independent claim 1, with various optional embodiments defined in the dependent claims.
  • the switch comprises an interruption chamber, a first contact connected to a first circuit terminal, and a second contact connected to a second circuit terminal.
  • the first and second contacts are arranged to conduct an electric current from the first circuit terminal to the second circuit terminal when the first and second contacts are in physical contact, ie. abutting each other.
  • the switch further comprises a first drive means that is configured to move the first contact from a first position, in which the first contact is not able to physically contact the second contact, to a second position, in which the first electrical contact is in physical contact with the second contact when the second contact is in a second position.
  • the switch comprises a second drive means that is configured to move the second contact from a first position, in which the second contact is not able to physically contact the first contact, to said second position of the second contact.
  • the second contact will not be able to be moved such that the second contact physically contacts the first contact; In other words, the first contact is out of reach of the second contact when the first contact is not in its second position. Similarly, the second contact is out of reach of the first contact when the second contact is not in its second position.
  • both the first contact and the second contact when both the first contact and the second contact are in their second positions, they will physically contact each other, but if either one of the first contact and the second contact is not in its respective second position, the first and second contacts will not be able to physically contact each other.
  • the first and second drive means are configured to simultaneously move the first and second contacts from their respective first positions towards their respective second position.
  • the switch when the first and second contacts are in their respective first position the switch is open and cannot conduct electrical current between its first and second circuit terminals.
  • the gap between the first and second contacts is reduced until they physically contact each other.
  • the first drive means may comprise a first actuator and the second drive means may comprise a second actuator.
  • the use of one actuator for each drive means enable a less simple and light mechanism for transmission of forces from each actuator to each respective electrical contact, whilst allowing independent control of the movement of each electrical contact. Fewer and lighter moving parts promote greater acceleration of the respective electrical contact, thereby enabling a shorter closing time of the switch.
  • the first and second actuators may be servo motors.
  • Servo motors allow for precise control in terms of angular position, acceleration, and velocity, thus enabling improved control of the movement of each electrical contact.
  • the use of servo motors instead of conventional spring-operated mechanisms with latches mitigate dead time caused by the mechanical latches.
  • the servo motors may be digitally controllable.
  • Digitally controllable servo motors use a microprocessor to receive and direct action at high-frequency voltage pulses. The faster pulses provide consistent torque for quicker and smoother response times.
  • the switch may further comprise an electronic control unit configured to control movement of the first drive means and the second drive means, to perform the simultaneous movement of the first and second contacts towards their respective second position.
  • the switch may further comprise a support structure for supporting the interruption chamber such that the interruption chamber is elevated from an underlying surface, such as ground.
  • the switch may comprise one or more insulators attaching the interruption chamber to the support structure.
  • the switch may be a live tank switch.
  • the switch may be a dead tank switch.
  • an installation such as a substation, for an electric power transmission system.
  • the installation comprises a platform that is electrically isolated from ground, and at least one switch, such as the switch according to the first aspect described above.
  • the switch comprises an interruption chamber, a first contact connected to a first circuit terminal, and a second contact connected to a second circuit terminal.
  • the first and second contacts are arranged to conduct an electric current from the first circuit terminal to the second circuit terminal when the first and second contacts are in physical contact.
  • the switch further comprises a first drive means that is configured to move the first contact from a first position, in which the first contact is not able to physically contact the second contact, to a second position, in which the first electrical contact is in physical contact with the second contact when the second contact is in a second position.
  • the switch comprises a second drive means that is configured to move the second contact from a first position, in which the second contact is not able to physically contact the first contact, to said second position of the second contact.
  • the switch is mounted on the platform, and the first and second drive means of the switch are configured to simultaneously move the first and second contacts from their respective first positions towards their respective second position.
  • the installation may further comprise an overvoltage protector, such as a metal oxide varistor MOV bank, wherein said overvoltage protector is mounted on said platform and connected in parallel with said switch.
  • an overvoltage protector such as a metal oxide varistor MOV bank
  • the installation may further comprise a series capacitor bank connected in parallel with the overvoltage protector.
  • this and other objects are achieved by a method of closing a switch, such as a switch according to the first aspect described above.
  • the switch comprises an interruption chamber, a first contact connected to a first circuit terminal, and a second contact connected to a second circuit terminal.
  • the first and second contacts are arranged to conduct an electric current from the first circuit terminal to the second circuit terminal when the first and second contacts are in physical contact.
  • the switch further comprises a first drive means that is configured to move the first contact from a first position, in which the first contact is not able to physically contact the second contact, to a second position, in which the first electrical contact is in physical contact with the second contact when the second contact is in a second position.
  • the switch comprises a second drive means that is configured to move the second contact from a first position, in which the second contact is not able to physically contact the first contact, to said second position of the second contact.
  • the method comprises controlling the first and second drive means to simultaneously move the first and second contacts towards their respective second positions.
  • the installation comprises a platform that is electrically isolated from ground, and comprises at least one switch, such as a switch according to the first aspect described above.
  • the switch comprises an interruption chamber, a first contact connected to a first circuit terminal, and a second contact connected to a second circuit terminal.
  • the first and second contacts are arranged to conduct an electric current from the first circuit terminal to the second circuit terminal when the first and second contacts are in physical contact.
  • the switch further comprises a first drive means that is configured to move the first contact from a first position, in which the first contact is not able to physically contact the second contact, to a second position, in which the first electrical contact is in physical contact with the second contact when the second contact is in a second position.
  • the switch comprises a second drive means that is configured to move the second contact from a first position, in which the second contact is not able to physically contact the first contact, to said second position of the second contact.
  • the method comprises closing the switch by operating said first and second drive means to simultaneously move the first and second contacts towards their respective second positions.
  • the installation may further comprise an overvoltage protector, such as a metal oxide varistor MOV bank, and wherein said overvoltage protector is mounted on said platform and connected in parallel with said switch, wherein the method comprises detecting an overvoltage and triggering said closing of the switch upon detection of overvoltage.
  • an overvoltage protector such as a metal oxide varistor MOV bank
  • this and other objects are achieved by using a switch, an installation, or any one of the methods described above in a high voltage circuit, such as in an electric power transmission line or system.
  • a switch 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention will hereinafter be described with reference to the appended drawings.
  • the switch 1 comprises an interruption chamber 2, a first contact 3 connected to a first circuit terminal 4, and a second contact 5 connected to a second circuit terminal 6.
  • the first 3 and second 5 electrical contacts are arranged to conduct an electric current from the first circuit terminal 4 to the second circuit terminal 6 when the first 3 and second 5 electrical contacts are in physical contact.
  • the switch 1 comprises a first drive means 7 that is configured to move the first contact 3 from a first position po1, in which the first contact 3 is not able to physically contact the second contact 5, to a second position pc1, in which the first electrical contact 3 is in physical contact with the second contact 5 when the second contact 5 is in a second position pc2.
  • the switch 1 comprises a second drive means 8 that is configured to move the second contact 5 from a first position po2, in which the second contact 5 is not able to physically contact the first contact 3, to said second position pc2 of the second contact 5.
  • the first 7 and second 8 drive means are configured to simultaneously move the first 3 and second 5 electrical contacts from their respective first positions po1, po2 towards their respective second position pc1, pc2. Since both electrical contacts 3, 5 are moved towards each other simultaneously, the time it takes for the switch 1 to close is reduced as compared to switches in which one of the electrical contacts 3, 5 is fixed, or at least not simultaneously moved towards the other electrical contact 5, 3.
  • the switch 1 comprises an interruption chamber 2, a first contact 3 electrically connected to a first circuit terminal 4 and a second contact 5 electrically connected to a second circuit terminal 6.
  • Each electrical contact 3, 5 is movable by a first drive means 7 and a second drive means 8 respectively, and the drive means 7, 8 are configured to simultaneously move the electrical contacts 3, 5 from respective first positions po1, po2 in which the electrical contacts 3, 5 are physically separated, towards respective second positions pc1, pc2 in which the electrical contacts 3, 5 physically contact each other.
  • Movement of the switch 1 from an open position to a closed position is shown in figs. 3-5 .
  • fig. 4 the movement of the electrical contacts 3, 5 is illustrated by arrows and a spark formed before the electrical contacts 3, 5 physically contact each other.
  • the first drive means 7 comprises a first actuator 9 and the second drive means 8 comprises a second actuator 10, both in the form of servo motors, preferably digitally controllable servo motors.
  • each servo motor is connected to the respective electrical contact 3, 5 via a suitable mechanical transmission/linkage.
  • the mechanical transmission/linkage transforms movement of each respective actuator 9, 10 to a movement of each respective electrical contact 3, 5.
  • the mechanical transmission comprises an arm/wheel 19 (represented by a circle in the figures) attached to an outgoing shaft of the servo motor, which shaft is rotatable by the servo motor.
  • the arm 19 is connected to the respective electrical contact 3, 5 by a respective control rod 20.
  • the control rod/mechanical transmission is preferably electrically insulating such that current cannot flow from the respective electrical contact 3, 5 to the respective servo motor 9, 10 through the control rod/mechanical transmission.
  • both drive means are electrically isolated from the respective electrical contact 3, 5. This enables both drive means 7, 8 to be mounted at the same electric potential as the platform whilst still being able to break the circuit through the switch 1.
  • the platform has the same electric potential as the transmission line.
  • each electrical contact 3, 5 is movably supported in/on a respective support member 21 attached to the interruption chamber 2.
  • the support members 21 are electrically conductive, but in other embodiments, each circuit terminal 4, 6 may instead be electrically connected to the respective electrical contact 3, 5 using one or more flexible contacts.
  • a cylindrical portion of each electrical contact 3, 5 comprises a cylindrical portion fitting slidably with a corresponding cylindrical portion of the respective support member 21. In other embodiments, any other suitable way of movably guiding the electrical contacts 3, 5 may be used instead.
  • the switch 1 comprises a support structure 12 for supporting the interruption chamber 3 such that the interruption chamber 2 is elevated from an underlying surface, such as ground 16 or a platform 15 of an installation.
  • the switch 1 comprises insulators 13 attaching the interruption chamber 2 to the support structure 12.
  • the actuators 9, 10 are mounted on the support structure 12 and connected to the electrical contacts 3, 5 through the insulators 13. In other embodiments, the actuators 9, 10 may alternatively be mounted in any other suitable way.
  • the switch 1 is a live tank switch but may in other embodiments alternatively be a dead tank switch.
  • the switch 1 may advantageously be used in an installation 14 of a high voltage circuit, mounted on a platform 15 of the installation 14 that is electrically isolated from ground 16.
  • the overvoltage protector 17 is used to protect a series capacitor bank 18 mounted on the platform 15.
  • the switch 1 is normally in an open position, i.e. not conducting any current in parallel with the MOV bank 17.
  • the switch 1 Upon detection of overvoltage the switch 1 is closed such that electric current can be transferred through the switch 1 to bypass the MOV bank 17, thereby preventing the MOV bank 17 from reaching its thermal capacity. Shorter closing time of the switch 1 allows use of a MOV bank 17 with lower thermal capacity and hence lower production cost.
  • the system voltage for the high voltage circuit is typically between 360 kV and 800 kV, but the switch 1 can be resized/redesigned for use with other system voltages.
  • a specific advantage is achieved by mounting the switch 1 on the platform 15, since the voltage drop the switch 1 needs to handle when mounted on the platform 15 is considerably lower than what it would be if the switch 1 was mounted off the platform on its own insulating support structure on ground 16. For a 550 kV system voltage, the voltage over the switch 1 is typically 30-90 kV.
  • An electronic control unit 11 may be provided as part of the switch 1 or as a separate unit provided as part of the installation.
  • the electronic control unit 11 is configured to control movement of the first drive means 7 and the second drive means 8 to perform the simultaneous movement of the first 3 and second 5 electrical contacts towards their respective second position (pc1, pc2).
  • the electronic control unit detects an overvoltage and controls the simultaneous movement towards the second positions
  • the first and second drive means 7, 8 may be powered by any suitable power source, such as a battery or power from an electrical transmission line.
  • the present switch 1 could alternatively be employed in other applications than in installations for electrical transmission lines.
  • 1 switch 13 insulators 2 interruption chamber 14 installation 3 first contact 15 platform 4 first circuit terminal 16 ground 5 second contact 17 overvoltage protector 6 second circuit terminal 18 series capacitor bank 7 first drive means 19 arm 8 second drive means 20 control rod 9 first actuator 21 support member 10 second actuator po1 first position of first contact 11 electronic control unit po2 first position of second contact 12 support structure pc1 second position of first contact pc2 second position of second contact

Landscapes

  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
EP22165811.5A 2022-03-31 2022-03-31 Schalter und überspannungsschutzsystem für eine reihenkondensatorbank Pending EP4254457A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22165811.5A EP4254457A1 (de) 2022-03-31 2022-03-31 Schalter und überspannungsschutzsystem für eine reihenkondensatorbank
PCT/EP2023/055043 WO2023186435A1 (en) 2022-03-31 2023-02-28 A switch and an overvoltage protection system for a series capacitor bank

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22165811.5A EP4254457A1 (de) 2022-03-31 2022-03-31 Schalter und überspannungsschutzsystem für eine reihenkondensatorbank

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4254457A1 true EP4254457A1 (de) 2023-10-04

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ID=81074227

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22165811.5A Pending EP4254457A1 (de) 2022-03-31 2022-03-31 Schalter und überspannungsschutzsystem für eine reihenkondensatorbank

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EP (1) EP4254457A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2023186435A1 (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1435589A (fr) * 1964-06-03 1966-04-15 D App Electr Sprecher & Schuh Dispositif destiné à limiter les surtensions de manoeuvre dans des installations à très haute tension
DE19963256C1 (de) * 1999-12-17 2001-05-23 Siemens Ag Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter
US20200402752A1 (en) * 2019-06-19 2020-12-24 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Dual thomson coil-actuated, double-bellows vacuum circuit interrupter
US10923298B1 (en) * 2020-04-02 2021-02-16 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Compact pole unit for fast switches and circuit breakers

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01102825A (ja) * 1987-10-15 1989-04-20 Toshiba Corp パッファ形ガス遮断器

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1435589A (fr) * 1964-06-03 1966-04-15 D App Electr Sprecher & Schuh Dispositif destiné à limiter les surtensions de manoeuvre dans des installations à très haute tension
DE19963256C1 (de) * 1999-12-17 2001-05-23 Siemens Ag Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter
US20200402752A1 (en) * 2019-06-19 2020-12-24 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Dual thomson coil-actuated, double-bellows vacuum circuit interrupter
US10923298B1 (en) * 2020-04-02 2021-02-16 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Compact pole unit for fast switches and circuit breakers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2023186435A1 (en) 2023-10-05

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