EP4253185A1 - Discharge nozzle for discharging spreadable material or lubricant - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a discharge nozzle (1) for discharging spreading agent (G) or lubricant (O) into the gap between the rail (S) and the rail wheel (R) of a rail vehicle (Z), having a base body (2) with at least one connection ( 3) for connection to a delivery line (F) for the spreading agent (G) or lubricant (0), and a mouth (5) connected to the connection (3) via a channel (4). For an efficient discharge of the majority of grit (G) and/or lubricant (O) specifically into the gap between the rail (S) and the rail wheel (R), the outer contour of the base body (2) is in the longitudinal direction (X), at least in the rear, the area (6) opposite the mouth (5), convexly shaped and possibly surrounded with an attachment (7), so that the air (L) flowing around the base body (2) is accelerated towards the mouth (5).

Description

The invention relates to a discharge nozzle for discharging grit or lubricant into the gap between the rail and rail wheel of a rail vehicle, with a base body with at least one connection for connection to a delivery line for the grit or lubricant, and one connected to the connection via a channel Mouth.

Such discharge nozzles are used to discharge grit or lubricant to improve the contact between the rail and the rail wheel of a rail vehicle. This contact between rail and rail wheel plays a crucial role in the dynamics of a rail vehicle, as the driving and braking forces as well as the tracking and weight forces must be transmitted over a relatively small contact area. The friction ratio between the rail and the rail wheel determines the optimal power transmission. As soon as the rail vehicle moves, constantly changing conditions prevail at the transition between the rail and the rail wheel. In addition to the degree of contamination, the route profile, especially when cornering, also plays an important role in the current condition at the point of contact between the rail and the rail wheel. In order to minimize the extreme influences and the associated negative effects on braking distances and wear (stick-slip effect), sand spreading and lubrication systems are used on rail vehicles.

Spreading material, especially sand, is used to increase the friction between the rail and the rail wheel and thereby reduce the braking distance or make it easier for the rail vehicle to start. Lubricants are used to optimize the coefficient of friction in order to reduce wear on the rail wheel and rail, including in the area of the wheel flange, and to reduce noise development, especially when the rail vehicle is cornering or oscillating. Spreading agents and lubricants can be applied separately or together in the form of a friction-optimizing mixture.

Conventional discharge nozzles usually converge towards the mouth. For example, they describe WO 2015/044245 A1 or the US 2,451,878 A such discharge nozzles.

To improve the flow profile, for example, DE 20 2005 017 304 U1 proposed to make the underside of the sand spreading nozzle convex in order to create a suction effect and to keep the sand spreading channel and the delivery hose dry and dust-free. In particular, the channel cross-section, which increases towards the mouth of the nozzle, does not contribute to an improvement in the targeted introduction of sand into the gap between the rail and the rail wheel.

The efficiency of the amount of grit or lubricant applied or the mixture thereof depends very much on the aerodynamic influences that arise in the immediate vicinity of the gap between the rail and the rail wheel and the jet of the grit or lubricant as the speed of the rail vehicle increases tend to divert outwards. Due to the aerodynamic flow forces acting in the gap between the rail and the rail wheel, which are already pronounced at low speeds of the rail vehicle, the spread or lubricant tends to be deflected outwards. This greatly reduces the required effect of the spreading agent, especially at higher vehicle speeds.

Another important factor for the material consumption of grit or lubricant is the shape of the discharge nozzle. Since the discharge jet of the spreading or lubricant is conical and a minimum distance must be maintained when positioning the discharge nozzle (normative requirement), the projected area of the discharge jet is significantly wider than the surface of the rail. This results in a high consumption of grit or lubricants, which leads to additional energy consumption (storage, refueling, cleaning, disposal) and environmental pollution.

With the discharge nozzles currently used, only a small proportion (usually less than 40%) of the friction-improving agents discharged reaches the effective surface between the rail and the rail wheel. The rest ends up in the area surrounding the rail and may even have to be vacuumed up and collected there be disposed of.

The object of the present invention is therefore to create an above-mentioned discharge nozzle for discharging grit or lubricant through which the highest possible proportion of the discharged medium actually reaches its actual target, the gap between the rail and the rail wheel. The proportion of agents that improve the coefficient of friction that reach the effective area between the rail and the rail wheel, or the efficiency of the discharge, should be increased as much as possible and as little grit or lubricant as possible should be lost and discharged into the environment next to the rail. In particular, even at high speeds of the rail vehicle, it should be ensured that sufficient grit or lubricant is introduced between the rail and the rail wheel in order to ensure the effect of the grit or lubricant. Disadvantages of previous discharge nozzles should be avoided or at least reduced.

The object according to the invention is achieved in that the outer contour of the base body of the discharge nozzle is convex in the longitudinal direction at least in the rear area opposite the mouth, so that the air flowing around the base body is accelerated towards the mouth. Due to the convex shape of the outer contour of at least the rear part of the discharge nozzle, the air flowing around it is constricted and accelerated towards the mouth of the discharge nozzle due to the Coandä effect, whereby the scattering or lubricant jet is transported in a better targeted manner into the annular gap between the rail and the rail wheel. By concentrating and accelerating the jet, the air flow caused by the movement of the rail vehicle, especially at higher speeds, has less influence on the scatter and lubricant jet and can deflect it less. As a result, a higher proportion of grit or lubricant gets into the effective area between the rail and the rail wheel. Improvements in the usable proportion of grit and lubricants of up to 80% could be achieved. Such a discharge nozzle can be manufactured very easily and cost-effectively, particularly in the case of a rotationally symmetrical shape. But even if there is a deviation from the rotationally symmetrical shape Simple and cost-effective production is possible, for example using 3D printing processes.

According to a feature of the invention, the outer contour of the base body of the discharge nozzle can also be convex in the longitudinal direction over the entire length. This results in particularly good bundling and particularly high acceleration of the air surrounding the discharge nozzle towards the mouth of the discharge nozzle.

Advantageously, a circumferential attachment is arranged in the rear area of the base body and an annular gap is formed between the surface of the base body and the inside of the attachment. With such an attachment, the Coandä effect, i.e. the acceleration of the air flowing past the surface of the base body of the discharge nozzle through the annular gap, can be further improved. In particular, such a two-part discharge nozzle, consisting of a correspondingly designed base body and attachment, enables a particularly focused scattering and lubricant jet that is not significantly deflected even at high speeds of the rail vehicle. Since appropriate attachment of the attachment to the base body of the discharge nozzle must be ensured, for example in the form of webs or the like, the resulting annular gap between the surface or outer contour of the base body and the inside of the attachment is interrupted by the webs or the like, which does not affect the function significantly impaired.

If the annular gap is tapered in the direction of the mouth, the acceleration of the air flowing around the surface of the base body of the discharge nozzle can be increased even further.

According to a further feature of the invention, the attachment is arranged to be adjustable in the longitudinal direction relative to the base body. Such an adjustability, which can also be carried out automatically by appropriate servomotors, for example, makes it possible to change the acceleration of the flow. For example, the acceleration of the air flowing around the discharge nozzle can depend on the speed of the Rail vehicle can be regulated so that optimal delivery of the grit or lubricant to the gap between the rail and rail wheel results at all vehicle speeds.

If air guide elements are arranged on the inside of the attachment and/or on the surface of the base body to guide the air flowing around it, the scattering or lubricant jet can be given a preferred direction or a swirl. This allows the scattering or lubricant jet to be directed towards the wheel flange of the rail wheel. This results in even higher efficiency when discharging the grit or lubricant. The air guiding elements can be designed in different ways. The air guiding elements are preferably manufactured integrally during the production of the base body or the attachment.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the air guiding elements can be arranged adjustable. This allows the flow of the surrounding air to be changed, for example adapted to the speed of the rail vehicle. With an adjustable arrangement of the air guiding elements, they obviously cannot be manufactured integrally during the production of the base body or attachment. The adjustability can be achieved mechanically or electrically using appropriate servomotors.

The air guiding elements are preferably formed by blades, which blades are preferably arranged obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction. Such obliquely arranged blades in the annular gap between the base body and the attachment of the discharge nozzle can create a vortex effect in the surrounding air, which directs the surrounding air and thus the scattering or lubricant jet in the desired direction, in particular towards the flange of the rail wheel.

In an expanded embodiment of the discharge nozzle, the attachment is closed in the area of the at least one connection and at least one compressed air connection is arranged on the attachment for connection to a compressed air line. In this embodiment, it replaces the one supplied via the compressed air connection Compressed air is the ambient air. The compressed air is bundled and accelerated by the design of the base body and the attachment of the discharge nozzle, whereby the flow profile of the spreading or lubricant can be optimized and the efficiency of the discharge system can be improved. The compressed air, for example with a pressure of 1 to 2 bar, can either be blown in continuously while the grit or lubricant is being conveyed or in the form of time-separated pulses. This embodiment is particularly suitable if the discharge nozzle is tightly installed in the rail vehicle and there is little or no access to the surrounding air. This is the case, for example, with trams, especially low-floor trams.

The base body and/or attachment can be made of metal, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy, preferably using the 3D printing process. Metal is particularly suitable due to its resistance and longevity.

Alternatively, the base body and/or attachment can also be made from a suitable plastic, preferably using the 3D printing process. Certain plastics also have a long service life and are usually lighter than metals. In addition, plastic parts are often easier and cheaper to produce than comparable metal parts. Combinations, for example of the base body made of metal and the attachment made of plastic, are also possible.

If the at least one connection of the discharge nozzle is provided with a thread, easier assembly and disassembly from the delivery line can be carried out.

If a heater is arranged in the base body of the discharge nozzle, freezing of the mouth can be effectively prevented and smooth functioning can be ensured even at low ambient temperatures. For discharge nozzles made of metal, electrical resistance heaters are particularly suitable for heating at least the area around the mouth.

If the mouth of the discharge nozzle is at an acute angle is arranged to the longitudinal axis, a further improvement in the targeted introduction of the spreading agent and/or lubricant into the gap between the rail and the rail wheel of the rail vehicle can be achieved. The acute angle is in particular in a range between approximately 30° and 60° relative to the longitudinal axis of the discharge nozzle. Due to the slant of the mouth and the corresponding orientation of the discharge nozzle in relation to the gap between the rail and the rail wheel, an even more targeted introduction of the spreading or lubricant can be achieved.

If the base body and/or the attachment is circular in cross section, this results in easier production. In addition, the effect of the discharge nozzle is independent of the orientation around the longitudinal axis.

Under certain circumstances, however, a further improvement in the flow profile can be achieved if the base body and/or the attachment of the discharge nozzle is elliptical in cross section. When using a 3D printing process, the higher manufacturing effort is limited compared to a rotationally symmetrical discharge nozzle. By appropriately rotating the discharge nozzle with an elliptical cross-section around the longitudinal direction, the asymmetrical scattering or lubricant jet can also be changed.

The invention also relates to a device for discharging grit or lubricant into the gap between the rail and the rail wheel of a rail vehicle with a discharge nozzle described above, which is arranged at the end of the delivery line. Through the discharge nozzle designed according to the invention, the proportion of grit or lubricant that reaches the effective area between the rail and rail wheel can be significantly increased and material and energy can be saved.

Fig. 1

ein schematisches Blockschaltbild einer Vorrichtung zur Austragung von Streumittel und bzw. oder Schmiermittel in den Spalt zwischen Schiene und Schienenrad eines Schienenfahrzeugs nach dem Stand der Technik;

Fig. 2A und 2B

eine Vorderansicht und ein Schnittbild einer Austragsdüse zur Austragung von Streumittel und bzw. oder Schmiermittel der herkömmlichen Art;

Fig. 3A und 3B

eine Vorderansicht und ein Schnittbild einer ersten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Austragsdüse mit im hinteren Bereich konvex geformter Außenkontur des Grundkörpers mit rotationssymmetrischem Querschnitt;

Fig. 4

eine Vorderansicht auf eine zweite Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Austragsdüse mit elliptischem Querschnitt des Grundkörpers;

Fig. 5A und 5B

eine Vorderansicht und ein Schnittbild einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Austragsdüse mit daran angeordnetem Aufsatz;

Fig. 6A bis 6B

eine Vorderansicht und ein Schnittbild einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Austragsdüse mit daran angeordnetem Aufsatz sowie eine perspektivische Ansicht auf den Aufsatz;

Fig. 7A und 7B

eine Ansicht von hinten und ein Schnittbild einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Austragsdüse mit Aufsatz und darin schräg angeordneten Schaufeln;

Fig. 8A und 8B

jeweils ein Schnittbild weiterer Ausführungsformen erfindungsgemäßer Austragsdüsen mit Druckluftanschluss; sowie

Fig. 9A bis 9D

eine Gegenüberstellung der Strömungsbilder des ausgetragenen Streumittels und bzw. oder Schmiermittels bei einer herkömmlichen Austragsdüse und bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Austragsdüse.

The present invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which various embodiments of discharge nozzles for discharging grit and/or lubricant into the gap between the rail and the rail wheel of a rail vehicle are shown. Show in it:

Fig. 1

a schematic block diagram of a device for discharging grit and/or lubricant into the gap between the rail and rail wheel of a rail vehicle according to the prior art;

Figures 2A and 2B

a front view and a sectional view of a discharge nozzle for discharging grit and/or lubricant of the conventional type;

Figures 3A and 3B

a front view and a sectional view of a first embodiment of a discharge nozzle according to the invention with a convex outer contour of the base body in the rear area with a rotationally symmetrical cross section;

Fig. 4

a front view of a second embodiment of a discharge nozzle according to the invention with an elliptical cross section of the base body;

Figures 5A and 5B

a front view and a sectional view of a further embodiment of a discharge nozzle according to the invention with an attachment arranged thereon;

6A to 6B

a front view and a sectional view of a further embodiment of a discharge nozzle according to the invention with an attachment arranged thereon and a perspective view of the attachment;

Figures 7A and 7B

a view from behind and a sectional view of a further embodiment of a discharge nozzle according to the invention with an attachment and blades arranged obliquely therein;

Figures 8A and 8B

each a sectional view of further embodiments of discharge nozzles according to the invention with compressed air connection; as well as

9A to 9D

a comparison of the flow patterns of the discharged spreading agent and/or lubricant in a conventional discharge nozzle and in a discharge nozzle according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a device for discharging grit G and/or lubricant O into the gap between rail S and rail wheel R of a rail vehicle Z according to the prior art. The device is arranged at a suitable location in a rail vehicle Z. The rail vehicle Z travels with the rail wheels R on the corresponding rails S. Depending on the direction of travel A Rail vehicle Z is located in front of the respective rail wheel R the discharge nozzle 1, with which the spreading agent G, in particular the sand, and/or the lubricant O or the friction-optimizing mixture of spreading agent G and lubricant O into the gap between rail S and rail wheel S is introduced. The discharge nozzle 1 is provided with a connection 3 for connection to a delivery line F for the spreading agent G and the lubricant O. Between the connection 3 and the opposite mouth 5 there is a channel 4 (not shown), through which the spreading agent G or lubricant O is conveyed. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the delivery line F is connected to a container B for a mixture of spreading agent G and lubricant O. A corresponding metering and conveying device T on the underside of the container B, in particular a pneumatic injector or a cellular wheel (not shown), conveys the spreading agent G and/or the lubricant O from the container B via the conveying line F to the discharge nozzle 1. Via Through the mouth 5 of the discharge nozzle, the spreading agent G or lubricant O is specifically introduced into the gap between the rail S and the rail wheel R. Instead of a container B for the spreading agent G or lubricant O, several containers B for the spreading agent G and lubricant O can also be provided and via a common delivery line F to a common discharge nozzle 1 or also via several separate delivery lines F and a common discharge nozzle 1 or even several separate delivery lines F and several discharge nozzles 1 are transported to the gap between rail S and rail wheel R (not shown).

A metered amount of spreading agent G or lubricant O or the friction value-optimizing mixture will be introduced into the gap 5 between the rail wheel 6 of the rail vehicle 7 and the rail 8 to the largest possible extent via the discharge nozzle 1. Due to the speed of travel of the rail vehicle Z in the direction of travel A, the headwind W but also crosswinds cause turbulences Y in the area between the discharge nozzle 1 and the rail wheel R, as a result of which the jet of grit G and lubricant O is deflected and partially ends next to the rail S.

A control unit is preferably provided, which is connected to the metering and conveying device F. As a result, an optimal dosage and mixture of the spreading agent G or lubricant O or the friction value-optimizing mixture can be achieved, taking into account influencing factors and environmental parameters. The control unit can also be connected to a sensor for detecting the speed of the rail vehicle Z, sensors for detecting environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity or wind speed. Finally, the control unit can also be connected to sensors for detecting the condition between rail wheel R and rail S. Such sensors can be formed, for example, by optical devices. Using the values recorded with such sensors, the coefficient of friction between rail wheel R and rail S can be determined using appropriate algorithms. Furthermore, a GPS receiver can be connected to the control device in order to be able to record the current geographical position of the rail vehicle Z and to be able to regulate the discharge of the spreading agent G or lubricant O depending on the position of the rail vehicle Z (not shown).

In Fig. 2A is a front view and in Fig. 2B a sectional view through a discharge nozzle 1 for discharging spreading agent G and/or lubricant O of the conventional type along the section line II-II Fig. 2A shown. The discharge nozzle 1 has a connection 3 for connection to a delivery line F, which is provided with a thread 12, here an external thread, in order to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the delivery hose F. Between the connection 3 and the mouth 5 there is a channel 4 for guiding the spreading agent G or lubricant O. In the example shown, the channel 4 is designed as a bore with a constant inside diameter. The outer contour or surface of the discharge nozzle 1 is cylindrical in the rear area 6, which is assigned to the connection 3 or is arranged in the longitudinal direction X opposite the mouth 5, and converges conically in the front area towards the mouth 5. When the spreading agent G or lubricant O is discharged, a jet with a certain fanning out results. Due to turbulences Y due to the wind W or Cross winds (see Fig. 1 ) the jet is deflected, as a result of which only a small proportion of grit G or lubricant O hits the intended location, namely the gap between rail S and rail wheel R.

Fig. 3A shows a front view and Fig. 3B a sectional view of a first embodiment of a discharge nozzle 1 according to the invention along section line III-III Fig. 3A . The discharge nozzle 1 contains a base body 2, which is made of metal or plastic. In the example shown, the connection 3 is designed for connection to the delivery line F with a thread 12 in the form of an internal thread. According to the invention, the outer contour of the base body 2 in the rear region 6 of the base body 2, which is assigned to the connection 3, is convexly shaped, i.e. curved outwards. After the convexly shaped rear region 6 of the base body 2, it converges towards the mouth 5 in the longitudinal direction X of the discharge nozzle 1. The taper of the base body 2 in the longitudinal direction X towards the mouth 5 can be straight, i.e. essentially conical, or even concave, i.e. curved inwards. Due to the concavely shaped outer contour of the base body 2 in the rear area 6 of the discharge nozzle 1, the air L flowing around the discharge nozzle 1 is accelerated towards the mouth 5 in accordance with the Coandä effect. This results in a kind of constriction of the jet of spreading agent G or lubricant O as it emerges from the mouth 5 of the discharge nozzle 1. As a result, this jet is less sensitive to turbulences Y or other air currents, which means that a larger proportion of spreading agent G or lubricant O is present hits the intended point in the gap between rail S and rail wheel R and less grit G or lubricant O is lost. The production of such a rotationally symmetrical discharge nozzle 1 is very simple and inexpensive. In addition to conventional mechanical processing processes, 3D printing processes made from metallic materials or plastics are also possible.

In Fig. 4 is a front view of a second embodiment of a discharge nozzle 1 according to the invention with an elliptical cross section of the base body 2. Such a shape can change the flow profile of the surrounding air L and the jet of spreading agent G and lubricant O is constricted asymmetrically. By rotating the discharge nozzle 1 about the longitudinal axis X, a change in the flow profile can be achieved. The production of such a discharge nozzle 1 is compared to the discharge nozzle 1 according to Figures 3A and 3B Although more complex, it can be done with 3D printing processes just as easily and cost-effectively.

Fig. 5A shows a front view and Fig. 5B a sectional view of a further embodiment of a discharge nozzle 1 according to the invention along the section line VV Fig. 5A . This is on the base body 2, which is shaped similarly to the exemplary embodiment Fig. 3B , an attachment 7 is arranged in the rear area 6, so that an annular gap 8 is formed between the surface of the base body 2 and the inside of the attachment 7. The outside of the attachment 7 is preferably again convex, i.e. curved outwards. In addition, the attachment 7 is designed so that the annular gap 8 tapers from the rear end of the discharge nozzle 1 at the connection 3 in the longitudinal direction X towards the mouth 5. The width b1 of the annular gap 8 at the rear end of the discharge nozzle 1 is therefore greater than the width b" at the front end of the annular gap 8 or the end of the attachment 7, which faces the mouth 5 of the discharge nozzle 1. This results in a further Acceleration of the air L flowing through the annular gap 8 towards the mouth 5 of the discharge nozzle 1. Due to the preferably convex outer surface of the attachment 7, the air L flowing past the outside is also accelerated towards the mouth 5. The air surrounding the jet of spreading agent G or lubricant O L thus provides even better protection against external influences on the flow. As a result, the efficiency of the discharge nozzle 1 can be improved even further.

Fig. 6A shows a sectional view of a further embodiment of a discharge nozzle 1 according to the invention with an attachment 7 arranged thereon. In Fig. 6B is a perspective view of essay 7 according to Fig. 6A shown. Both the outer contour and the inner contour of the attachment 7 are in accordance with the embodiment variant Figures 5A and 5B changed, whereby the shape and course of the annular gap 8 is also designed differently. According to a further feature of the invention, the attachment 7 in Be mounted slidably in the longitudinal direction X, which is illustrated by the arrows x. By moving the attachment 7, the annular gap 8 can be changed and the resulting flow of air L can thus be changed. When using automatic adjustment options, for example with appropriate servomotors or the like (not shown), the flow of air L can be regulated, for example depending on the speed of the rail vehicle Z. From the perspective view of essay 7 according to Fig. 6B Webs 13 can be seen, which are required for attachment to the base body 2 and interrupt the annular gap 8.

Fig. 7A shows a view from behind and Fig. 7B a sectional view of a further embodiment of a discharge nozzle 1 according to the invention along section line VII-VII Fig. 7A . The discharge nozzle 1 comprises the base body 2 and an attachment 7 and therein obliquely arranged air guiding elements 9 or blades 10 for guiding the air L flowing around it. The flow of the air L can be directed accordingly by the air guiding elements 9 or blades 10, so that the resulting jet on spreading agent G or lubricant O, for example in the direction of the wheel rim K of the rail wheel R. If the air guide elements 9 are arranged to be adjustable, the change in direction of the flow of air L can be adjusted within certain limits. A heater 14, in particular an electrical resistance heater, can be arranged in the area of the mouth 5 of the base body 2 of the discharge nozzle 1.

In the Figures 8A and 8B Sectional views of further embodiments of discharge nozzles 1 according to the invention are shown. The attachment 7 is closed in the area of at least one connection 3 of the base body 2 and at least one compressed air connection 11 for connection to a compressed air line (not shown) is arranged on the attachment 7. This embodiment variant of the discharge nozzle 1 is particularly advantageous if the installation situation of the discharge nozzle 1 does not allow undisturbed access to the surrounding air L. This is the case, for example, with low-floor trams. In this case, the compressed air supplied via a compressed air line takes on the function of "constricting" the discharge nozzle 1 from the mouth 5 emerging jet of spreading agent G or lubricant O to improve the proportion of spreading agent G or lubricant O occurring at the gap between rail S and rail wheel R. In the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 8A the attachment 7 with the compressed air connections 11 for connection to a compressed air line is arranged separately from the base body 2. In addition, the mouth 5 can be arranged obliquely at an acute angle α to the longitudinal axis X. In the variant according to Fig. 8B the base body 2 and the attachment 7 are formed in one piece or integrally with the compressed air connection 11. In this variant, the integrated attachment 7 and thus the resulting annular gap 8 between attachment 7 and base body 2 extends to the mouth 5 of the discharge nozzle 1.

Finally, they illustrate Figures 9A to 9D the flow patterns of the discharged spreading agent G and/or lubricant O in a conventional discharge nozzle 1 and in a discharge nozzle 1 according to the invention. In a discharge nozzle 1 of the prior art according to Figures 9A and 9B This results in a relatively large scattering of the beam of spreading agent G or lubricant O, so that only a small proportion of spreading agent G or lubricant O arrives in the gap between rail S and rail wheel R.

In the inventive design of the discharge nozzle 1 according to Figures 9C and 9D On the other hand, the jet characteristic of the jet of spreading agent G or lubricant O is constricted by the flow of the air L surrounding the discharge nozzle 1, so that significantly more spreading agent G or lubricant O can be introduced into the gap between rail S and rail wheel R and can develop its effect there.

The discharge nozzle 1 according to the invention enables the efficiency of the discharge system to be increased and the resulting costs to be reduced.

Claims (15)

Discharge nozzle (1) for discharging spreading agent (G) or lubricant (O) into the gap between the rail (S) and rail wheel (R) of a rail vehicle (Z), with a base body (2) with at least one connection (3) for connection with a delivery line (F) for the spreading agent (G) or lubricant (O), and a mouth (5) connected to the connection (3) via a channel (4), characterized in that the outer contour of the base body (2) in Longitudinal direction (X), at least in the rear region (6) opposite the mouth (5), is convexly shaped, so that the air (L) flowing around the base body (2) is accelerated towards the mouth (5). Discharge nozzle (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer contour of the base body (2) is convex in the longitudinal direction (X) over the entire length (l). Discharge nozzle (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a circumferential attachment (7) is arranged in the rear region (6) of the base body (2) and between the surface of the base body (2) and the inside of the attachment (7) an annular gap (8) is formed. Discharge nozzle (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the annular gap (8) is tapered in the direction of the mouth (5). Discharge nozzle (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the attachment (7) is arranged to be adjustable in the longitudinal direction (X) relative to the base body (2). Discharge nozzle (1) according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that on the inside of the attachment (7) and/or on the surface of the base body (2) air guiding elements (9) for guiding the air flowing around (L) are arranged . Discharge nozzle (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the air guiding elements (9) are arranged adjustable. Discharge nozzle (1) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the air guiding elements (9) are formed by blades (10), which blades (10) are preferably arranged obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction (X). Discharge nozzle (1) according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the attachment (7) is closed in the area of the at least one connection (3) and at least one compressed air connection (11) is arranged on the attachment (7) for connection to a compressed air line is. Discharge nozzle (1) according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that the base body (2) and/or attachment (7) is made of metal, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy, preferably using the 3D printing process. Discharge nozzle (1) according to one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that the base body (2) and/or attachment (7) is made of plastic, preferably using the 3D printing process. Discharge nozzle (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a heater (14) is arranged in the base body (2). Discharge nozzle (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the mouth (5) is arranged obliquely at an acute angle (α) to the longitudinal axis (X), in particular 30° to 60°. Discharge nozzle (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the base body (2) and/or the attachment (7) is circular in cross section. Discharge nozzle (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the base body (2) and/or the attachment (7) is elliptical in cross section.

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