EP4251863A1 - Vorrichtung zur abgasnachbehandlung - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur abgasnachbehandlungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4251863A1 EP4251863A1 EP21815491.2A EP21815491A EP4251863A1 EP 4251863 A1 EP4251863 A1 EP 4251863A1 EP 21815491 A EP21815491 A EP 21815491A EP 4251863 A1 EP4251863 A1 EP 4251863A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- hydrocarbons
- adsorber
- cracking catalyst
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/031—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0835—Hydrocarbons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
- F01N3/2053—By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for the aftertreatment of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, with an exhaust pipe which is set up to feed the exhaust gas blown out of the internal combustion engine to at least one component for exhaust gas aftertreatment, with at least one adsorber in the exhaust pipe for intermediate storage of hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas Catalyst for catalytic after-treatment of the exhaust gas, an electrically heatable catalyst and a cracking catalyst for splitting long-chain hydrocarbons into shorter-chain hydrocarbons is arranged.
- hydrocarbon adsorbers are used in exhaust systems for the purpose of after-treatment of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines. These adsorbers are used to temporarily store hydrocarbons at low exhaust gas temperatures, for example during the cold start phase, in order to prevent the hydrocarbons from escaping into the environment. Hydrocarbons, which are in particular unburned fuel residues, are usually chemically converted in the exhaust system on a catalyzer provided for this purpose, so that environmentally harmless products are created. These catalysts only work reliably above a certain minimum temperature, the so-called light-off temperature.
- the aim is therefore to temporarily store the hydrocarbons until the light-off temperature is reached, so that they can then be converted on the appropriate catalyst.
- the hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas are both short-chain and long-chain hydrocarbons.
- the short-chain ones are more weakly adsorbed by known carbon adsorbers and are therefore already desorbed again at lower temperatures.
- Long-chain hydrocarbons are bound more strongly and are therefore only desorbed again at higher temperatures.
- the adsorber may not be completely emptied, which means that the next time the engine is started, the concentration of hydrocarbons downstream of the adsorber is higher than in front of this adsorber.
- the object with regard to the device is solved by a device having the features of claim 1 .
- An exemplary embodiment of the invention relates to a device for the aftertreatment of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, with an exhaust pipe which is set up for the blown out of the internal combustion engine Supplying exhaust gas to at least one component for exhaust gas aftertreatment, with at least one adsorber for intermediate storage of hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas, a catalyst for catalytic aftertreatment of the exhaust gas, an electrically heatable catalyst and a cracking catalyst for splitting long-chain hydrocarbons into shorter-chain hydrocarbons being arranged in the exhaust gas line.
- the main purpose of a cracking catalyst is to break down the long-chain hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas as unburned fuel residues.
- Hydrocarbons or the hydrocarbon molecules have chains of carbon atoms of different lengths, with carbon atoms being connected to one another and the respective free bonds of the carbon being occupied by hydrogen atoms or other molecular groups.
- the cracking catalyst is located in front of the adsorber in the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
- the cracking catalyst is preferably the first component through which the exhaust gas flows, so that cracking takes place as early as possible.
- reaction surfaces of the cracking catalyst are coated with activated aluminum silicates.
- Aluminum silicates or so-called zeolites are particularly well suited to breaking down hydrocarbons in a reaction taking place at the reaction surface of the catalyst.
- the reaction surfaces are the surfaces over which the exhaust gas flows. If the cracking catalyst is formed, for example, by a honeycomb body through which flow can occur, the walls delimiting the flow channels form the reaction surfaces.
- An example of an aluminum silicate is chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ).
- Other aluminum silicates can also be used to advantage.
- the exhaust gas line has a bypass channel, this branching off from the exhaust gas line downstream of the electrically heatable catalyst and having a cracking catalyst, a cooling element and an adsorber, and opening into the exhaust gas line upstream of the electrically heatable catalyst.
- a bypass allows the exhaust gas to be recirculated through the cracking catalyst and the remaining components for exhaust gas aftertreatment arranged in the bypass channel.
- other long-chain hydrocarbons that have not yet been broken down can be broken down in the cracking catalyst.
- Means for controlling the flow of exhaust gas can be provided, for example flaps or valves, through which the flow of exhaust gas is divided between the main channel and the bypass channel.
- a preferred exemplary embodiment is characterized in that the cracking catalyst is designed to break down long-chain hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas each having eight to twelve carbon atoms into hydrocarbons having a maximum of seven carbon atoms.
- the reduction in the average length of the hydrocarbons helps to improve adsorption and thus intermediate storage.
- the presence of predominantly short-chain hydrocarbons with seven or fewer carbon atoms in a row also significantly reduces the risk of the adsorber coking, since the short-chain hydrocarbons desorb again at lower temperatures.
- the desorption temperature of the adsorber is in a temperature range of 150 degrees Celsius and 200 degrees Celsius.
- a desorption temperature in the range of 150 to 200 degrees Celsius is advantageous because this temperature range is reached more quickly and desorption can therefore take place more quickly.
- the broken-down hydrocarbons are released from the adsorber earlier and the adsorber is completely discharged more quickly. In particular, this counteracts the coking of the adsorber and thus increases the durability of the system.
- the light-off temperature from which the decomposition of the hydrocarbons begins, is 100 degrees Celsius. This temperature is preferably as low as possible, so that the earliest possible splitting of the hydrocarbons is achieved.
- the exhaust pipe downstream of the cracking catalyst has a cooling element through which the exhaust gas flowing out of the cracking catalyst can be cooled.
- Heat is generated by cracking or breaking up the carbon chains. This is also released into the exhaust gas line, among other things.
- active cooling can be provided in order to compensate for the additional heat input caused by the chemical reaction of breaking the carbon chains.
- the cracking catalyst is designed as a tubular reactor, it being possible for a coolant to flow through the tubular reactor.
- a tubular reactor has the particular advantage that, in addition to the actual chemical reaction, active cooling can also be provided by allowing a cooling medium to flow through lateral surfaces of the tubular reactor or spaces between channels that can be flowed through. In particular, a compact design with a combination of functions can be achieved.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an exhaust line from the internal combustion engine with different components for exhaust gas aftertreatment
- FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of an exhaust line
- FIG. 3 shows a further alternative embodiment of an exhaust line.
- FIG. 1 shows a possible configuration of an exhaust system.
- the internal combustion engine is represented by the reference character l, from where the exhaust gas flows out of the individual cylinders through the exhaust manifold in a tubular exhaust pipe.
- the first component for exhaust aftertreatment is a cracking catalyst 2, which is suitable for breaking down long-chain hydrocarbons.
- An adsorber 3 for the adsorption of hydrocarbons present in the exhaust gas is downstream of the cracking catalyst 2 in the direction of flow.
- an electric felt catalytic converter 4 and a three-way catalytic converter 5 which can be arranged in any order.
- FIG. 2 shows a different arrangement of the components for exhaust gas aftertreatment. Since the same components are used as in FIG. 1, identical components are given the same reference numbers.
- FIG. 3 shows a further alternative arrangement, with the exhaust pipe having a main channel in which an electrically heatable catalytic converter 4 and a three-way catalytic converter 5 are arranged.
- a bypass channel is shown, in which a cracking catalyst 2, a cooler 6 and an adsorber 3, for example an HC adsorber, are arranged.
- the bypass channel branches off downstream of the electrically heatable catalyst 4 and opens upstream from the electrically heatable catalyst 4 back into the main channel.
- the adsorber 3 and the cracking catalyst 2 form an additional heat capacity. Since the Koh monoxide should be implemented as early and as completely as possible on the cracking catalyst 2, the diversion into the bypass channel takes place only downstream of the electrically heatable catalyst 4.
- the adsorber serves to store as many hydrocarbons as possible during the cold start phase.
- the temperature in the adsorber should be kept low so that the adsorber does not desorb too quickly.
- the adsorber is thus specifically positioned further back.
- the adsorber, cracking catalyst and cooler are of no use since the exhaust gas temperature is already very high (they just become an additional, undesirable heat capacity for CO and HC). In this case, only the main flow is used.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 The exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 3 in particular have no restrictive character and serve to illustrate the idea of the invention.
- Reference List
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020214870.8A DE102020214870B3 (de) | 2020-11-26 | 2020-11-26 | Vorrichtung zur Abgasnachbehandlung |
| PCT/EP2021/082280 WO2022112124A1 (de) | 2020-11-26 | 2021-11-19 | Vorrichtung zur abgasnachbehandlung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4251863A1 true EP4251863A1 (de) | 2023-10-04 |
Family
ID=78806524
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21815491.2A Withdrawn EP4251863A1 (de) | 2020-11-26 | 2021-11-19 | Vorrichtung zur abgasnachbehandlung |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12092004B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4251863A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN116635612A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020214870B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022112124A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE501464C2 (sv) | 1993-07-09 | 1995-02-20 | Volvo Ab | Anordning för katalytisk avgasrening av avgaser från förbränningsmotor |
| WO1995008702A1 (en) | 1993-09-24 | 1995-03-30 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Combined hydrocarbon trap and electrically heatable converter |
| JP2983429B2 (ja) | 1994-02-25 | 1999-11-29 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気ガス浄化装置 |
| JP3567507B2 (ja) * | 1994-11-07 | 2004-09-22 | マツダ株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
| US5687565A (en) | 1995-11-29 | 1997-11-18 | Amoco Corporation | Control of exhaust emissions from an internal combustion engine |
| FI114731B (fi) | 2000-07-05 | 2004-12-15 | Kemira Metalkat Oy | Järjestelmä ja menetelmä pakokaasujen puhdistamiseksi |
| DE10120097B4 (de) * | 2001-04-25 | 2005-07-21 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Abgasreinigungsanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben der Anlage |
| DE10134079A1 (de) | 2001-07-13 | 2003-01-30 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Oxidation und/oder Spaltung langkettiger Kohlenwasserstoffe |
| WO2004042222A1 (de) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-05-21 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Abgasanlage und verfahren zu deren betrieb |
| EP1835137B1 (de) * | 2004-12-08 | 2009-08-05 | Hino Motors, Ltd. | Abgasemissionsvorrichtung |
| US20080072575A1 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-03-27 | Eaton Corporation | Catalyst to improve low temperature deNOx activity in a reformer-LNT exhaust aftertreatment system |
| US8409515B2 (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2013-04-02 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Exhaust gas treatment system |
| KR101048112B1 (ko) | 2009-12-02 | 2011-07-08 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 내연 기관의 배기 가스 정화 장치 및 이의 탈황 방법 |
| WO2012109308A2 (en) * | 2011-02-08 | 2012-08-16 | Old Dominion University Research Foundation | System and method for treatment of gases with reducing agents generated using steam reforming of diesel fuel |
| US8468803B2 (en) * | 2011-02-26 | 2013-06-25 | International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc | Soot resistant diesel fuel reformer for diesel engine emissions aftertreatment |
| EP2770178B1 (de) * | 2013-02-25 | 2017-04-05 | Cummins Inc. | System und Verfahren zur Schwefelrückgewinnung auf einem SCR-Katalysator |
| US9701913B2 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2017-07-11 | Uop Llc | Fluid catalytic cracking process including adsorption of hydrogen and a catalyst for the process |
| JP6015685B2 (ja) | 2014-01-30 | 2016-10-26 | 株式会社デンソー | 還元剤添加装置 |
-
2020
- 2020-11-26 DE DE102020214870.8A patent/DE102020214870B3/de active Active
-
2021
- 2021-11-19 US US18/038,276 patent/US12092004B2/en active Active
- 2021-11-19 WO PCT/EP2021/082280 patent/WO2022112124A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-11-19 CN CN202180079367.5A patent/CN116635612A/zh active Pending
- 2021-11-19 EP EP21815491.2A patent/EP4251863A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022112124A1 (de) | 2022-06-02 |
| US20230407777A1 (en) | 2023-12-21 |
| US12092004B2 (en) | 2024-09-17 |
| CN116635612A (zh) | 2023-08-22 |
| DE102020214870B3 (de) | 2022-05-12 |
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