EP4248235A1 - DETEKTION UND BESTIMMUNG RELEVANTER GRÖßEN EINES OBJEKTS MITTELS ULTRASCHALLSENSOREN - Google Patents
DETEKTION UND BESTIMMUNG RELEVANTER GRÖßEN EINES OBJEKTS MITTELS ULTRASCHALLSENSORENInfo
- Publication number
- EP4248235A1 EP4248235A1 EP21790878.9A EP21790878A EP4248235A1 EP 4248235 A1 EP4248235 A1 EP 4248235A1 EP 21790878 A EP21790878 A EP 21790878A EP 4248235 A1 EP4248235 A1 EP 4248235A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- motor vehicle
- values
- ultrasonic sensor
- distance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/06—Systems determining the position data of a target
- G01S15/08—Systems for measuring distance only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/50—Systems of measurement, based on relative movement of the target
- G01S15/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
- G01S15/588—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems measuring the velocity vector
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
- G01S7/539—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for detecting and tracking an object in the area surrounding a motor vehicle using ultrasound and a corresponding device.
- the host vehicle For the automated or partially automated control of a vehicle, referred to below as the host vehicle, it is necessary to detect objects in the environment of the host vehicle.
- the physical quantities such as position, alignment, speed and dimensions of these objects, which can be both static and dynamic, are primarily relevant.
- the detection of objects in the environment of the host vehicle using ultrasonic sensors is a cheap alternative compared to radar or camera-based detection. It can also be used as a redundant source of information, for example to achieve a certain ASIL level.
- the publication WO 2016/189112 A1 relates to a method for preventing a collision between vehicles, the following steps being carried out:
- the publication DE 10 2018 105 014 A1 discloses a method and a device for predicting a crash with the following steps:
- the publication DE 102016218 093 A1 relates to an operating method for an ultrasonic sensor system for detecting moving objects in the vicinity of a vehicle using ultrasound, with the following steps:
- the distance value of an ultrasonic sensor and its first and second derivative are estimated using a Kalman filter.
- Document DE 19 947 766 A1 relates to a device for monitoring the surroundings of a parking vehicle, which is used to reliably detect objects in the way and allows maneuvering maneuvers to be calculated.
- the device includes at least one video camera with laterally arranged object detection sensors that cover areas that are not captured by the video camera. As a result, warnings can be issued to the driver in a simple manner, although an obstacle in question is not yet recognizable in the video image.
- the document DE 102015 117 379 A1 relates to a method for detecting an object in a surrounding area of a motor vehicle, in which the surrounding area is detected with at least one vehicle-side ultrasound detection device, with a detection cycle for detecting the surrounding area with the ultrasound at at least two different times detection device is carried out, and the information recorded in the two detection cycles about an object in the surrounding area is provided to an assessment model, with the assessment model depending on this information from the ultrasonic detection device being used to assess whether the object is classified as a dynamic object.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of using ultrasound to improve the detection of an object and its relevant object sizes in the vicinity of a motor vehicle, referred to below as the ego vehicle.
- the task is solved by a method for detecting an object in the vicinity of a
- the method according to the invention for detecting and determining relevant variables of an object in the area surrounding a motor vehicle using at least one ultrasonic sensor arranged on the side of the motor vehicle, the at least one ultrasonic sensor having a detection range determined by a sensor-specific opening angle comprises the steps:
- Modeling of the object movement using a state vector and a parameter vector the state vector and parameter vector being formed from the relevant object variables
- Determining the state vector and the parameter vector by adapting the modeled sensor values to the measured real sensor values of the at least one ultrasonic sensor using an optimization method.
- Suitable optimization methods include, for example, the predictive error method, sliding mode observer, Kalman filter, Levenberg-Marquardt method, so that the deviation between the modeled and actually recorded sensor values is as small as possible.
- a modeled sensor value vector is formed from the modeled values of the at least one ultrasonic sensor, which is linked to the sensor value vector of the real sensor values of the individual ultrasonic vectors for minimization.
- the modeled sensor values are preferably a function of the position of the object relative to the host vehicle and a function of the occurrence of corners of the object in the detection range of the at least one ultrasonic sensor, with the coordinates of the corners of the object being determined in the motor vehicle's coordinate system.
- the relevant variables of the object are preferably given by at least: the longitudinal distance of the object from the motor vehicle, the longitudinal speed of the object relative to the motor vehicle, the lateral distance of the object from the motor vehicle, the lateral speed of the object relative to the motor vehicle,
- the modeled sensor value vector is formed from the modeled distance values of the at least one ultrasonic sensor, with the modeled distance value of the at least one ultrasonic sensor resulting from the minimum of the maximum range of the at least one ultrasonic sensor and calculated distance values between the object and the motor vehicle.
- the calculated distance values are preferably determined as a function of the position of the object relative to the sensor normal of the at least one ultrasonic sensor of the motor vehicle, the sensor normal being defined as the straight line that runs through the origin of the respective at least one ultrasonic sensor and is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the object.
- the object is on the left, on the right or on the sensor normal.
- the device according to the invention for detecting, tracking and determining relevant variables of an object in the vicinity of a motor vehicle comprises at least one ultrasonic sensor arranged on the side of the motor vehicle for the clocked determination of sensor values, the distances to represent an object, a device for determining modeled sensor values as a function of relevant variables of the object, and an optimization device for adapting the modeled sensor values to the real sensor values for each ultrasonic sensor in order to determine the relevant object variables.
- Fig. 10 shows the course of the activation function
- FIG. 1 shows the definition of the relevant object variables when an object O is detected in the vicinity of a host vehicle, with no road boundaries or markings being drawn in the illustration for the sake of simplicity.
- a host vehicle E is shown, which is moving in the direction of the triangle drawn in the host vehicle E.
- an object O which moves at an angle ⁇ relative to the host vehicle, the direction of travel of the object being given by the triangle drawn in the object.
- the angle a shown in FIG. 1 between the sides of the two vehicles, the host vehicle E and the object is defined by the included angle between the two longitudinal axes of the vehicles (not shown).
- the object O is further characterized by its length I and width b as well as by its position marked relative to the ego vehicle E, where for the position in the x e -y e coordinate system of the host vehicle, the following applies: , where the position vector rin acts on the geometric centers of gravity of the vehicles E and O.
- the moves the object O with a speed relative to the ego vehicle where the following applies to the speed v relative to the ego vehicle E: where v x and v y in the x e -y e - coordinate system of the host vehicle E are defined.
- state variables x 1 to x 6 are defined, which are contained in a state vector be summarized.
- the meaning of the individual state variables is as follows: x 1 : longitudinal object position,
- X 5 angle between the longitudinal axes of ego vehicle and object
- x 6 change in the angle between the longitudinal axes of the vehicles over time.
- K(k) is the matrix, still to be determined, for the correction of the estimate via the feedback of the error vector .
- h i is the so-called output function and describes the distance detection with the sensor i as a function of and the parameter vector where the parameter vector contains the unknown width and length of the object as well as the coefficients of the matrix K and is estimated using a suitable optimization method.
- FIGS. 2a to 2b describe the three possible situations for detecting the distance between a host vehicle E and a neighboring vehicle, i.e. an object O, using an ultrasonic sensor SR1.
- the simulation or modeling of the distance detection with an ultrasonic sensor plays an important role, since it reduces the complexity of the algorithm and the identifiability of unknown parameters, such as object length, and the observability of non-measurable object sizes, such as position, speed and/or angle , influenced. Since an ultrasonic sensor only provides the shortest distance to the object, the information content of the distance measurement and also its modeling differs depending on whether the object O to be detected completely covers the detection range of the sensor SR1 or not, as is shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c.
- the host vehicle E which is arranged on the left side in the rear area of the host vehicle, the sensor SR1 shown having a detection range W within which detection of an object O is possible. Furthermore, the direction of travel of the two vehicles O, E is indicated by the triangle shown in the respective vehicles O, E.
- FIG. 2a shows the situation in which the vehicle or object O in the outer lane 3 of a lane 1 is approaching the host vehicle E, which is in the inner lane 2 of the lane 1, from behind.
- the sensor SR1 of the host vehicle E detects a distance s1 to the front of the object vehicle O within its detection range W, with the sensor S always providing the shortest distance to the object O.
- FIG. 2b shows the situation in which, in comparison to the situation in FIG. 2a, the vehicle O in the outer lane 3 has caught up further with the host vehicle E.
- the sensor SR1 now measures the distance s2 as the shortest distance to the object vehicle O within the detection range W.
- FIG. 2c the object vehicle O has moved sideways next to the host vehicle E, so that the sensor SR1 now determines a distance s3 as the shortest distance.
- FIG. 3 shows the modeling of the distance detection of the detected object O from the ego vehicle E, ie the modeling of the facts shown in FIGS. 2a to 2c.
- the object O moves to the right along its longitudinal axis and the host vehicle E also moves to the right along its longitudinal axis, with the two directions of movement enclosing an angle ⁇ .
- the host vehicle E is shown with two sensors SR1 and SR2 arranged on its left side, with only the rear left sensor SR1 being considered in this discussion.
- the coordinate system x e ,y e of the host vehicle E is in its center and the zero point of the coordinate system x s ,y s of the sensor SR1 considered here is arranged in the center of the transmission plane of the sensor SR1.
- the coordinate system of the sensor SR1 is transformed into the coordinate system of the host vehicle E by adding the coordinates of the installation position of the sensor SR1.
- the reference symbols E1 to E4 denote the corners of the object O as shown, with E1 forming the left front corner, E2 the right front corner, E3 the left rear corner and E4 the right rear corner of the object. Consequently, the connection E1E2 forms the leading edge and the connection E3E4 the trailing edge of the object, where the width of the object O is denoted by b and the length by l. Furthermore, the detection range W of the sensor SR1 is shown, which is defined by an aperture angle ⁇ .
- the perpendicular a to the longitudinal axis LO of the object is located in the coordinate origin of the sensor SR1, which is used to define and determine the distances and is used and is referred to as the sensor standard.
- the distance defined as the distance between the front edge E1 E2 and the perpendicular a and der
- the center point M of the object O has the coordinates x obj and y obj in the x s , y s coordinate system of the sensor SR1.
- the distances ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are determined, with the straight line a referred to as the sensor normal being represented in the Hessian normal case and the distances and ⁇ 2 being calculated as orthogonal distances between the two corner points E1 and E3 and the straight line.
- the straight line a referred to as the sensor normal being represented in the Hessian normal case
- the distances and ⁇ 2 being calculated as orthogonal distances between the two corner points E1 and E3 and the straight line.
- the coordinates are transformed from the object coordinate system x 0 ,y 0 to the ego coordinate system x e ,y e with the following transformation matrix:
- the coordinates of the vertices E1, E2, E3, E4 of the object in the object coordinate system x 0 ,y 0 are:
- the modeled or estimated distance value y(k) of a sensor is then determined, here in the example of FIG. 3 the sensor SR1.
- the object O is to the left of the straight line a passing through the origin of the coordinate system of the sensor SR1 and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis LO of the object, as already defined above. Again, three sub-cases are distinguished.
- the modeled distance value of an ultrasonic sensor here in the example of the sensor SR1, is then as follows:-
- the overall output of the full model is then composed of the individual estimated sensor values as follows: number of sensors
- the sensors SR1 and SR1 are relevant, so that the modeled distance vector for the two sensors SR1, SR2 is:
- the state vector and the parameter vector adjusted so that the measured and the modeled system output in the sense match as well as possible with a defined optimization criterion.
- a suitable optimization method such as predictive error method, sliding mode observer, Kalman filter, Levenberg-Marquardt method, or similar
- the amount of the difference between the measured and the modeled system output can also be used, for example.
- the ego vehicle E is thus overtaken by an object vehicle O while driving past in parallel.
- the measurements s(k) of the sensor SR1 are shown as a function of the time t in the form of stars where the measurement index k can also be understood as the point in time t. There is therefore a unique assignment of the number k of the measurement at a point in time t.
- the model M, so the modeled is shown as a solid line.
- the ego vehicle E is overtaken by an object vehicle O in oblique drive past, with only one sensor SR1 being considered here as well.
- the measurements s(k) of the sensor SR1 are shown as a function of the time t in the form of stars where the measurement index k can also be understood as the point in time t. There is therefore a unique assignment of the number k of the measurement at a point in time t.
- the model M, so the modeled is shown as a solid line, which is in contrast in the case of FIG. 4 runs obliquely in the lower area.
- the state vector described at the outset can therefore be derived from the model M and the parameter vector to be determined.
- the object O is located to the left of the straight line a which goes through the origin of the coordinate system of the sensor SR1 and is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis LO of the object, as already defined above.
- the straight line a forms, so to speak, a normal on the longitudinal axis of the object O, which runs through the origin of the sensor SR1.
- the factor ⁇ is a constant parameter that defines the steepness of the transition from the value "one” to the value “zero” or from the value "zero” to the value "one".
- the factor ß is as defined above and defines the steepness of the transition from "zero” to "one” or vice versa.
- the case is considered in which the object O completely covers the detection range W of the sensor SR1, ie is on the straight line a is located, as is the case in the example of FIG. 2c.
- a third activation function is defined as follows: This third activation function only assumes the value "one" if 0 applies at the same time.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020214619 | 2020-11-20 | ||
| DE102021203497.7A DE102021203497B4 (de) | 2020-11-20 | 2021-04-08 | Detektion und Bestimmung relevanter Größen eines Objekts mittels Ultraschallsensoren |
| PCT/EP2021/078237 WO2022106124A1 (de) | 2020-11-20 | 2021-10-13 | DETEKTION UND BESTIMMUNG RELEVANTER GRÖßEN EINES OBJEKTS MITTELS ULTRASCHALLSENSOREN |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4248235A1 true EP4248235A1 (de) | 2023-09-27 |
Family
ID=81453039
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21790878.9A Pending EP4248235A1 (de) | 2020-11-20 | 2021-10-13 | DETEKTION UND BESTIMMUNG RELEVANTER GRÖßEN EINES OBJEKTS MITTELS ULTRASCHALLSENSOREN |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12253595B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4248235A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN116457690A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021203497B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022106124A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021203497B4 (de) | 2020-11-20 | 2024-08-14 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Detektion und Bestimmung relevanter Größen eines Objekts mittels Ultraschallsensoren |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19947766A1 (de) | 1999-10-02 | 2001-05-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Einrichtung zur Überwachung der Umgebung eines einparkenden Fahrzeugs |
| JP4123259B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-02 | 2008-07-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 物体検出装置および物体検出方法 |
| DE102006036423A1 (de) | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-07 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Verfahren zur Ermittlung einer geeigneten Parklücke |
| US8793046B2 (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2014-07-29 | Google Inc. | Inferring state of traffic signal and other aspects of a vehicle's environment based on surrogate data |
| DE102012016866A1 (de) * | 2012-08-25 | 2014-02-27 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Verfahren zur verbesserten Ansteuerung von Ultraschallsensoren, Fahrerassistenzeinrichtung und Kraftfahrzeug |
| DE102013223240B3 (de) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-10-30 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Kraftfahrzeug mit Verdeckungserkennung für Ultraschallsensoren |
| GB2541354A (en) | 2015-05-27 | 2017-02-22 | Cambridge Entpr Ltd | Collision avoidance method, computer program product for said collision avoidance method and collision avoidance system |
| DE102015117379A1 (de) | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-13 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erfassen eines dynamischen Objekts in einem Umgebungsbereich eines Kraftfahrzeugs auf Basis von Informationen einer kraftfahrzeugseitigen Ultraschalldetektionseinrichtung, Fahrerassistenzsystem und Kraftfahrzeug |
| DE102016006381B3 (de) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-10-26 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Verarbeitungseinrichtung für Sensordaten eines in einem Kraftfahrzeug angeordneten Sensors und Kraftfahrzeug |
| DE102016218093A1 (de) | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Betriebsverfahren für ein Ultraschallsensorsystem, Steuereinrichtung, Ultraschallsensorsystem und Fahrzeug |
| DE102018105014B4 (de) | 2017-03-06 | 2021-06-10 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Vorrichtung zum Vorhersagen eines Crashs unter Verwendung eines Radarsensors und eines UPA-Sensors |
| CN110466495B (zh) * | 2019-09-02 | 2024-04-09 | 浙江鸿吉智能控制有限公司 | 一种智能自动矢量驾驶执行系统及控制方法 |
| DE102019215393A1 (de) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-04-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Klassifizierung eines Objektes, insbesondere im Umfeld eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
| DE102021203497B4 (de) | 2020-11-20 | 2024-08-14 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Detektion und Bestimmung relevanter Größen eines Objekts mittels Ultraschallsensoren |
| DE102022106654B4 (de) * | 2022-03-22 | 2024-05-23 | Webasto SE | Sensoranordnung mit Blendenelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Blendenelements einer Sensoranordnung eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
-
2021
- 2021-04-08 DE DE102021203497.7A patent/DE102021203497B4/de active Active
- 2021-10-13 EP EP21790878.9A patent/EP4248235A1/de active Pending
- 2021-10-13 WO PCT/EP2021/078237 patent/WO2022106124A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-10-13 US US18/253,119 patent/US12253595B2/en active Active
- 2021-10-13 CN CN202180077157.2A patent/CN116457690A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116457690A (zh) | 2023-07-18 |
| US20240036193A1 (en) | 2024-02-01 |
| DE102021203497B4 (de) | 2024-08-14 |
| US12253595B2 (en) | 2025-03-18 |
| DE102021203497A1 (de) | 2022-05-25 |
| WO2022106124A1 (de) | 2022-05-27 |
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